Ndok Aisô/Lexicon
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This is a short lexicon of Ndok Aisô. All entries are in the form of the dialect of Ngahêxôldod, ca. 250 YP.
The citation form of verbs is the indicative habitual singular. Along with this, the indicative habitual plural and the stem class are given for all verbs, and any unpredictable irregularities are also listed in the morphology column.
Adjectives are cited in the nominative singular; the accusative singular is also given since the combination of these two forms generally suffices to predict all other morphological forms.
For nouns, the antigenitive form is only given when the stem undergoes changes.
Abbreviations used:
- Ad. = Adāta
- B.Nz. = Buruya Nzaysa
- Gez. = Gezoro
- F. = Fáralo
- Me. = Meshi
- Miw. = Forest Miwan
- PHab. = Proto-Habeo
- Tl. = Tlaliolz
- unmarked = Ndak Ta
If no etymon is given, the word can be assumed to be a non-Edastean loan from any of various sources, including Hitatc languages, Meshi, Mohudza, and western dialects of Tlaliolz. I expect that these will fill in as more information on these languages becomes available.
(908 words)
| Word | Morphology | PoS | Class | Definition | Etymon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adoi | adaig | adj. | hungry | anai "empty" | |
| agets | pron. | somehow | au etsn "some method" | ||
| ageu | n. | city-dweller; citizen | arbwa "craftsman" | ||
| agixeu | n. | hope; prospect | awio | ||
| agoi | n. | battle; 3rd day of the week | angài "war" | ||
| agoisoi | agoisut'eu | v. | A-IV | fight, struggle, strive | angài su "do war" |
| agufaib | agufaimat'eu, pfv.pl agufaip'e | v. | A-II | mourn, grieve | owu mpaim "mourn and cry" |
| ahêb | n. | tea | PHab. *ʔankem | ||
| aheu | n. | air | âka | ||
| áibôxeu | n. | snake | aimwa | ||
| aidageupeu | aidageupot'eu | v. | A-I (o) | strike down | aina wapa "hit down" |
| aideu | aidag | adj.dem | lower, front | aina "downward" | |
| aidoi | aidait'eu | v. | A-V | love | âidai "need" |
| aigrad | aigradat'eu | v. | A-II | scratch, rip, tear apart | egran "scratch" |
| aigrat'oi | aigrat'uxa | n. | claw | egrandu "scratcher" | |
| aihê | pron. | everything | ege | ||
| aihêg | qu./pron. | both | egeg "everything" (du.) | ||
| aihêts | n. | stele, monument | ngkets "column" + honorific prefix | ||
| aip'oi | aip'uxa | n. | commoner | aimbu "peasant" | |
| aisô | aisôt'eu | v. | A-VI | speak; communicate | Me. aysu |
| aiteu | aitixa | n. | day | airti | |
| ait'eu | ait'ag | adj. | dead | ainda "ashes, remains, corpses" | |
| Aitol | n. | the sun god | tol "sun" + honorific prefix, cf. F. iodol | ||
| Ak'ab | top. | a city | (toponym prefix a- + nggam "mat"; i.e. "resting place") | ||
| akakseu | akaksat'eu | v. | A-I | trample, stamp down on | PHab. *a:kʷu-a:kas "kill with the feet" |
| akô | n. | base (of a mountain); source (of a river) | Me. aku | ||
| Akôdaig | top. | a city | ("base of the mountain") | ||
| akseu | aksixa | n. | horse, stallion | PHab. *akešiʔ | |
| ameu | amixa | n. | insect | ammi "fly" | |
| aseu | cj. | long before | anto "old" | ||
| at | n. | hill | Me. at | ||
| at'eu | pp. | towards, into, onto | anda "into" | ||
| auseu | ausixa | n. | river | aunti | |
| auxud | pron. | somebody | au rud "a man" | ||
| axageu | n. | dinner | arâwa | ||
| Axôkseuhod | top. | Kasca | (toponym prefix a- + Kasadgad) | ||
| Axôltseubeu | top. | Lasomo | (toponym prefix a- + Latsomo) | ||
| badoi | badait'eu | v. | B-V | worship; celebrate (religion) | banai |
| bafaib | bafaima | n. | onion | bâpu mpaim "cry-root" | |
| baikau | baikaut'eu | v.erg | B-VI | fail | bekwâu "insufficient" |
| bail | bailat'eu | v. | B-II | burp; express disdain | bâil "burp" |
| bat'oxeu | n. | breakfast | bandoro | ||
| bausifa | n. | naval commander | F. baosifa | ||
| bauxeu | bauxag | adj. | great, significant, important | baura | |
| beb | bebat'eu, pfv.pl bep'e | v. | B-II | kill; slay (on the battlefield) | F. beb "punish" |
| bêdug | bêduhog | adj. | detailed, elaborate, sophisticated | benung "complete, finished" | |
| bêhoi | n. | number, amount, quantity | bengkai | ||
| bêmoi | pp. | above, on top of | ob imu "at head" | ||
| bepun | bepunog | adj. | puny | Ad. bepūn "insufficient" | |
| besoi | pp. | near, next to | wimès wau "neighbor to" | ||
| betsleu | n. | beard | betsla | ||
| beudeu | cj. | either/or | boda | ||
| bik | bika | n. | jaw, chin | bikng | |
| bisoi | pp. | after | ob iswau "at night" | ||
| bistoi | bistuxa | n. | column, pillar | bistu "trunk (of a tree)" | |
| boi | adv. | again | bau | ||
| boiloi | n. | earth, soil; 5th day of the week | baulai | ||
| bois | n. | ox; cattle | baus | ||
| boitroi | n. | leg | baitrai | ||
| bol | beulat'eu | v.erg | B-II (eu) | lie, recline | bal |
| bolteu | bôltat'eu | v.erg | B-I | be laid down, be put away, be dropped | bal ta |
| bomeu | n. | wheat | borma | ||
| bok'eu | n. | buttocks | bongga "back" | ||
| bosteu | bôstêg | adj. | soft | basti "gentle" | |
| bot'a | cj.gap | either/or | *bondâ (by analogy) | ||
| bots | beutsa | n. | weapon | batsn "stick" | |
| bu | num. | four | bu | ||
| bugits | bugitsog | adj. | warm, hot | bubwits | |
| buneu | bunat'eu | v. | B-I | hear, listen | budna |
| busad | n. | crab, crayfish | busan | ||
| dagaihêseu | n. | winter | [lu] dauwaikintsa "the whitening" | ||
| daig | daiha | n. | mountain | daing | |
| daiheu | daihêt'eu | v. | B-III | hate | deki |
| daihiteu | daihitat'eu | v. | B-I | take revenge | deki ta |
| dausa | n. | blanket | *dâusâ < Gez. dâuzâ (K) | ||
| daxêfêd | daxêfêdog | adj. | careful, cautious, prudent | darempin "warn oneself" | |
| deb | debat'eu | v. | B-II | marry | Me. deb |
| dedeu | dedixa | n. | prospect, opportunity | B.Nz. dedi "option" | |
| dêfeu | dêfixa | n. | young (of an animal) | dempi "child" | |
| dêheu | dêhixa | n. | finger | dengi | |
| demit | n. | advantage, benefit | B.Nz. demit "profit" | ||
| dên | n. | water | |||
| dênoi | dênait'eu | v. | B-V | punish | denai |
| dêp'ahêd | dêp'ahêdog | adj. | hidden, invisible, secret | dimbangkin "put away-mid" | |
| dêp'oi | n. | butter | dimbau "fat" | ||
| despog | despeuhat'eu | v. | B-II (eu) | hunt, track, pursue | desmog |
| deuhib | n. | stranger, foreigner | dokib "guest" | ||
| deusibauxeu | n. | "Queen of the Gods" | dasi baura "great goddess" | ||
| dihod | n. | tool; utensil | dikon "thing" | ||
| ditoi | adv. | maybe | ditai "possible" | ||
| dixêheu | n. | king, ruler | diàka | ||
| dixêheuteu | n. | dynasty | diàka ta | ||
| dixêkloi | n. | palace | diàkalau "king-place" | ||
| doi | num. | five | dau | ||
| doitêd | doitênog | adj. | sacred, holy | dautin | |
| dol | cj. | but | dal | ||
| dôlbit | dôlbitat'eu | v. | B-II | bring | dalmit "hold; present" |
| dolda | cj.gap | but | daldâ | ||
| dôlsux | n. | honey | dalsur | ||
| doma | n. | glass | F. doumah | ||
| dôstod | dôstonat'eu | v. | B-II (n) | attack, march forward | das non "fight-go" |
| dôxeu | n. | wild boar | |||
| dugeu | dugêt'eu | v. | B-III | praise | dungwi |
| dulbe | n. | broom, brush, rake | dulbe | ||
| dume | dumet'eu | v. | B-VI | campaign for sth. | B.Nz. dume "advertise" |
| dup'eu | dup'ot'eu | v.erg | B-I (o) | smell | dumbo |
| dusab | dusabat'eu | v. | B-II | blush, be embarrassed, be ashamed (about) | dusam "regret" |
| duts | n. | shoulder | duts | ||
| êb | pp. | to, for (dative/benefactive) | em "turn" | ||
| êbixeu | êbixat'eu | v. | A-I | show, exhibit, have as a feature | *eubixol < obial "offer" (final -l reanalysed as passive) |
| Êbloi | top. | a city | emlau "bend in the road" | ||
| êboi | êboixa | n. | name | imai | |
| êboi | êbuxa | n. | head | imu | |
| êboiteu | êboitat'eu | v. | A-I | adopt, raise as one's own child | imai ta "name-dynamic" |
| êbôxel | n. | west | emwel | ||
| ebreu | ebrêt'eu | v. | A-III | destroy, annihilate | ebri |
| ebroib | ebroibat'eu, pfv.pl ebroip'e | v. | A-II | describe, explain | ebraib |
| êdeu | êdat'eu | v.erg | A-I | see | ina |
| edos | edeusat'eu | v. | A-II (eu) | act hostile | erdas "be aggressive" |
| edos | edeusog | adj. | hostile; belligerent; enemy | erdas "be aggressive" | |
| êfêd | êfêdat'eu | v.intr | A-II | turn; change one's mind | empin "turn oneself" |
| êfeu | êfixa | n. | grass | empi | |
| ege | qu. | every; each one of | ewe | ||
| egek | qu. | all; all of | ewek (pl.) | ||
| egeloi | pron. | everywhere | ewelau | ||
| egetsoi | pron. | always | (by analogy) | ||
| egexud | pron. | everybody | ewe rud "every man" | ||
| egip | pron. | in every way | ewip | ||
| êhêkoi | êhêkuxa | n. | body | ingkwakpu "that which perceives" | |
| êheu | n. | mammal | engka "animal" | ||
| êheuloi | n. | stable, stall, barn | engkalau "animal-place" | ||
| êheutoi | êheutuxa | n. | property | ingkotu | |
| ekêk'oi | ekêk'uxa | n. | cripple, invalid | erkengbu "limp person" | |
| êk'eu | êk'at'eu | v.erg | A-I | use | imbwa |
| ekoip | ekoipog | adj. | light (not heavy) | epwaip | |
| êlekreu | êlekrat'eu | v. | A-I | bribe; blackmail | êlakra "urge" |
| élôxoi | n. | utterance, statement | lewai "word" | ||
| elpôhêp | n. | beetroot | PHab. *lepankke:pe "red root" | ||
| êngelô | n. | army, military | F. æŋéilo | ||
| engge | n. | (respectful term of address) | mebwe "father" | ||
| êp'eseu | êp'esag | adj. | fortunate | imbenta "cheerful" | |
| êp'eu | êp'ixa | n. | the moon (in non-religious contexts); 4th day of the week | imbi | |
| êp'ux | êp'uxat'eu | v.intr | A-II | swim, float | embur |
| êsaig | cj. | in order to | intaing "in favor of" | ||
| êsaik'a | cj.gap | in order to | *intainggâ (by analogy) | ||
| êsetsê | n. | type, species | F. æsečə | ||
| êseu | êsat'eu | v.intr | A-I | be hanging | inta |
| êseuteu | êseutat'eu | v. | A-I | hang (tr.) | inta ta |
| eskid | eskênat'eu | v. | A-II (n) | cook, fry, roast | eskidn |
| esteleu | estelat'eu | v.intr | A-I | burn; be emotionally agitated | estela |
| estelteu | esteltat'eu | v. | A-I | burn, ignite, set on fire; anger, upset | estela ta |
| esul | esulat'eu | v. | A-II | receive | esul "take" |
| êt'oi | êt'ut'eu | v.erg | A-IV | fall | endu |
| ets | n. | manner; method | etsn | ||
| ets | num. | six | ets | ||
| Êtugê | n. | the Etúgə religion | F. Etúgə | ||
| euba | eubat'eu | v.intr | A-VI | be a nuisance | abâ "commit a crime" |
| eubai | n. | swamp | abâi | ||
| eubeu | n. | mother; 6th day of the week | omo | ||
| eugonod | n. | thunder | abwodnodn "thunder" | ||
| eukeu | n. | ear | okwa | ||
| eulaseu | eulasat'eu | v.intr | A-I | exhaust oneself | olanta "do too much" |
| eulebeu | eulebog | adj. | tired, exhausted | olerbo "should rest" | |
| eulêd | n. | furrow | alen "split" | ||
| euloi | n. | place | olau | ||
| euseu | n. | noblewoman | asa "woman" | ||
| euteu | eutot'eu | v. | A-I (o) | come (intr.); arrive at (tr.) | oto |
| eutot'e | eutot'êt'eu | v. | A-VI (ê) | take; pull | oto nde "come-touch" |
| êxaspoi | êxasput'eu | v. | A-IV | capture, seize | PHab. *eʔas-esmu "take with force" |
| exat'e | exat'êg | adj. | drunk | Ad. erathe | |
| exiboi | exibuxa | n. | tyrant | Ad. ēribu "conqueror" | |
| exofeu | exofot'eu | v. | A-I (o) | forget | *exôxofeu < erwompo |
| exoitsoi | exoitsut'eu | v. | A-IV | betray, defraud, abandon | eraitsu "fail to promise" |
| Faxalô | ethn. | the Fáralo people | F. faralo | ||
| fogau | n. | painting | B.Nz. fɔgau "decoration, artwork" | ||
| fuloi | fulug | adj. | lenient, forgiving; loose | Me. fwulu "treat kindly" (anticausative) | |
| gad | n. | knife | gan | ||
| gagêp'eu | gagêp'ixa | n. | month | gau imbi "road of the moon" | |
| gaheu | gahog | adj. | angry, violent | gâga | |
| gahoip | n. | axe | *gangkwaip < gan mepwaip "heavy blade" | ||
| gaikseu | gaiksixa | n. | religious feast | bwaikti | |
| gaiksiteu | gaiksitat'eu | v. | B-I | commemorate | bwaikti ta |
| gak'eu | n. | lettuce | Gez. gaːngo (C) | ||
| galul | pron. | here, there (near you) | gâlul | ||
| gasêhab | n. | bat | Gez. ganthakam (C) | ||
| gaufog | gaufeuha | n. | trade route | gau mpag "far road" | |
| gauxod | n. | desert | gauron "semiarid land" | ||
| gaxud | pron. | this person (near you) | gâ rud | ||
| ged | n. | son | bwed | ||
| Gedaig | ethn. | the Dāiadak people | (ged + daig: "sons of the mountains") | ||
| gêdig | gêdiha | n. | iron | ginig | |
| gêfeu | gêfat'eu | v. | C-I | hurt (emotionally) | gempa "insult" |
| gegeu | pron. | what | gewa | ||
| gêheu | gêhog | adj. | hard, solid, sturdy, durable | gingko | |
| gêk'oitsoi | gêk'oitsuxa | n. | birthright of nobles | bwenggautsu "inheritance" | |
| gêk'ox | gêk'oxat'eu | v. | B-II | honor, respect | bwenggor |
| gematê | n. | navigation | F. boéimate | ||
| gêngeu | gêngêg | adj. | high | gingwi "tall" | |
| [auseu] Gêp'oi | top. | the Bwimbai/Ziphē River | [Aunti] Bwimbai | ||
| gepud | n. | snail | gepun "seashell" | ||
| gesanô | n. | country-dweller; peasant | (ged + sanô: "son of the village") | ||
| gesteu | gestêg | adj. | decadent, immoral, obscene | F. boéisti "orgy" | |
| geteu | n. | family | bwed ta | ||
| gets | adv. | likely | gets | ||
| geu | gat'eu | v. | C-I | follow; be next | gua |
| geu | gag | adj.dem | other, next, subsequent | gua "follow" | |
| gib | gêmog | adj. | cruel, evil | gibm "bad" | |
| gikeu | gikot'eu | v. | C-I (o) | please, accommodate, entertain | *girko "serve, obey" < Gez. giːrko- "listen, pay attention" (K) |
| gildeu | gildag | adj. | slow, gradual | gilna | |
| gise | giset'eu | v. | B-VI | defecate | Me. gise |
| gobloi | n. | hill, promontory | gomlau "high place" | ||
| goibreu | n. | ram | gaibra "sheep" | ||
| goidaig | n. | pass (in mountains), gap | gau daing "mountain road" | ||
| goideu | n. | rabbit | gaido | ||
| goile | n. | trail, footpath | gaule "little road" | ||
| goiloid | n. | a two-year calendar cycle | gau laid "road of the year" | ||
| goise | n. | snowflake | bwai aise "star of snow" | ||
| goit | goitog | adj. | easy, simple, trivial, boring | gaut "dull" | |
| goitol | goiteula | n. | week | gau tol "road of the sun" | |
| gok'eu | gok'at'eu | v. | C-I | share, distribute, spread | gabbwa |
| gok'oi | gok'ait'eu | v. | C-V | resist, ward off | gonggai "break" |
| gomodoi | gomoduxa | n. | cross-staff | F. goumoudu | |
| gop'eu | n. | crowd (of people), herd (of animals), ensemble (of things); any large group | gomba "people; the public" | ||
| got | geuta | n. | wood | gatn | |
| gots | geutsa | n. | sweat | bwats | |
| gotsteu | gotstat'eu | v. | B-I | sweat | bwats ta |
| goxeg | goxaiha | n. | salt | Gez. goːreg (C) | |
| gub | guma | n. | existence | gubm "life; survival" | |
| gubloi | gubluxa | n. | seal, badge, emblem | B.Nz. guvlu | |
| gun | gunog | adj. | brave, courageous | Me. gwun "fierce" | |
| gupseu | n. | survival | gubm ta | ||
| gus | n. | millet | Gez. guːz (C) | ||
| guseu | cj. | so, thus | gunto | ||
| gut | gutog | adj.dem | right (direction) | bwut "rightward" | |
| gut'a | cj.gap | so, thus | gundâ | ||
| guxeu | n. | belly, stomach | guro "guts" | ||
| ha | adv. | yes | (ideophonic) | ||
| haga | hagat'eu | v. | B-VI | provide; sell; deliver | B.Nz. xaga "distribute" |
| hakis | n. | garlic | Ad. hakis | ||
| hêseu | n. | season; period of time | (back-formed from the season names oispihêseu, rafêhêseu, nabagihêseu and dagaihêseu; originally a reflex of the NT middle participle -kintsa) | ||
| heuxaid | n. | livestock | engka "animal" + ain "farm" | ||
| heumaisa | n. | cow | engka "animal" + mâisâ "cow" | ||
| hogeu | hogat'eu | v. | B-I | write (for everyday use); keep account of | B.Nz. xowa |
| hoi | pp. | during | ob gau "on road" | ||
| Hoifaxa | top. | Huyfárah | F. Huyfárah | ||
| hok'o | hok'ot'eu | v. | B-VI | masturbate | Ad. hokho |
| holdeu | hôldot'eu | v. | B-I (o) | forge | Gez. xoːldo- "alloy, weld, join together" (C) |
| huxeu | huxixa | n. | book | Ad. hui "record" | |
| ibladeu | ibladat'eu | v. | A-I | flow (intr.); flood (tr.) | imlana "flood" |
| idau | n. | noble | idâu | ||
| idux | n. | vinegar | idur "sour" | ||
| igaxud | pron. | who | iwa rud "which man" | ||
| igêd | adv. | perfectly, suitably | iwen "well" (adv.) | ||
| igeu | pron. | which | iwa | ||
| igeuloi | pron. | where | iwalau | ||
| igeutsoi | pron. | when | (by analogy) | ||
| igrik | igrihat'eu | v. | A-II | suck, swallow | igrik "absorb" |
| ihix | ihixat'eu | v. | A-II | whisper, murmur | idgir |
| ik'êd | ik'êdat'eu | v. | A-II | bend, fold | ibbwen |
| imaza | n. | textile workshop | Ad. īmaza | ||
| imoi | n. | cloth, fabric | F. imu "that which is sewed" | ||
| ineu | inixa | n. | child | Me. ini | |
| ipeu | pron. | how | ipa | ||
| isaxeu | isaxêt'eu | v. | A-III | allow, permit | isâri |
| iseu | isêt'eu | v.erg | A-III | happen, occur | isi "sudden" |
| ispeu | ispat'eu | v. | A-I | sew | isma |
| iskod | iskana | n. | storm (var. form) | sikadn | |
| isleu | cj. | before | isla | ||
| istêd | istênat'eu | v. | A-II (n) | lose sth. | isten |
| istêhoi | istêhuxa | n. | cotton | B.Nz. istixu | |
| iteuboi | iteubuxa | n. | key, door bolt | irtabu "that which opens sth." | |
| itoi | ituxa | n. | flower | B.Nz. itu "blossom" | |
| itôxab | n. | arm | itwam | ||
| itslau | n. | tooth; fang | tsilâu | ||
| ixep'a | n. | toe | Ad. iēpha | ||
| ixoha | ixohag | adj. | stupid | Ad. ioxa "backward" | |
| kaibe | kaibêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | know | kaime "study" |
| kaibloi | n. | school, academy | kaimlau | ||
| kaid | kaidat'eu | v. | B-II | bite; chew; snap apart | kwain |
| kaihoiteu | kaihoitixa | n. | ring | kwaim kaitia "golden circle" | |
| kaikoi | kaikuxa | n. | spearman | kekpu "one who throws" | |
| kainabeu | kainabêt'eu | v. | B-III | shout, scream | kwaidn mbi "say loudly" |
| kaip'oi | kaip'uxa | n. | learned man, scholar | kaimbu "student" | |
| kanoi | kanuxa | n. | oar, paddle | karnu | |
| kaseu | n. | crow, raven | Gez. kaːntho (C) | ||
| kaubiseu | kaubisêt'eu | v. | C-III | criticise; warn | kaumisi "reprimand" |
| ke | num. | one | ke | ||
| kêbeu | kêbixa | n. | deal, contract, treaty | B.Nz. kəvi "confirm a deal" | |
| kêd | pp. | with (comitative) | kwen | ||
| kedeu | kedat'eu | v.erg | B-I | be ready, be prepared, anticipate | kweda "ready" |
| kêdoi | kêdaut'eu | v. | C-V (au) | order, command | kenau "ask" |
| kêduk | kêduha | n. | helmet | *kêduk < Gez. kêduk (K) | |
| kêfol | kêfeulat'eu | v.intr | C-II (eu) | be unhappy | kimpal "complain" |
| kehad | n. | bean | kwagan | ||
| kêhade | n. | button (of clothing) | kwi ngane "connect-piece" | ||
| kêhafoi | n. | brooch, fibula | kwi ngane pai "big connect-piece" | ||
| kêheu | kêhêt'eu | v.intr | B-III | squeal, squeak | kwingi (imitative) |
| kêheutsok | kêheutsehat'eu | v. | B-II (e) | ban | kwengatsak "exile" |
| kekob | kekama | n. | lip | kak mabm "edge of the mouth" | |
| kela | n. | news, message | B.Nz. kwela | ||
| kelboi | kelbuxa | n. | messenger, herald | (kela + -boi) | |
| keldeu | n. | cleric | *kelna < kenla "scholar" | ||
| kelkeu | kelkêg | adj. | fierce, dangerous | kelki | |
| kêneu | n. | shoe | B.Nz. kəño | ||
| kêseu | kêsot'eu | v. | C-I (o) | donate, grant; be a patron | kinto "generous" |
| ketsteu | ketstat'eu | v. | B-I | shake off (a burden) | kwetsn ta "cause to let go" |
| k'eulag | pp. | under | ob nggolang "at foot" | ||
| keutop | keutopat'eu | v. | B-II | crush, defeat | kwatopm "smash, break" |
| kihik | n. | lightning | kikik | ||
| kikau | n. | tribe, horde (of barbarian nomads) | Me. kikaw | ||
| kil | n. | barley | kil | ||
| k'ixa | n. | governing council | (by haplology from k'ixaxa < Ad. khiara) | ||
| kix | n. | goat | kwir | ||
| kóbôxeu | n. | language | komwa "tongue" | ||
| koinod | koineuda | n. | trophy, status symbol | Gez. khoinod "ibex, mountain goat" (S) | |
| koipegê | koipegêt'eu | v. | B-VI | assume incorrectly | F. kuəpéigə "assume; suppose" |
| koiteu | koitixa | n. | gold | kaitia | |
| kok | keuha | n. | edge; border; borderland | kak | |
| kok'e | kok'eg | adj. | annoyed | Ad. kokhē "be enraged" | |
| kôksod | kôkseudat'eu, mid.npst.sg kôksôskêd | v. | B-II (eu/s) | help, support, be allied with | kaktod "greet" |
| komê | n. | price; payment | B.Nz. komɛ "compensate" | ||
| kot | keutog | adj. | smelling of feces | kwat "bad-smelling" | |
| kots | keutsa | n. | chair; throne | kwats | |
| kud | kudog | adj. | bold; tough (of people) | kun "stiff; sturdy" | |
| kufas | n. | heathen cult place | F. kufas "Etúgəist temple" | ||
| kufoigeu | kufoigat'eu | v. | C-I | believe, have faith in | kumpaiwa |
| kug | kuha | n. | jar | Me. kug | |
| kuhoi | kuhait'eu | v. | B-V | keep, raise (domesticated animals) | kukail "tame" (final -l reanalysed as passive) |
| kuma | kumat'eu | v. | B-VI | repeat, try again | F. kuəma |
| kusaboi | kusabuxa | n. | wasp, hornet | B.Nz. kusavo | |
| kustab | n. | olive | kusram | ||
| kusox | kusoxog | adj. | white | kuntor "bright" | |
| lade | ladêt'eu | v. | B-VI (ê) | lead; precede | lane "aim" |
| lade | ladêg | adj.dem | previous | lane "aim" | |
| ladog | ladeuhog | adj. | good; desirable | lanag "good-smelling" | |
| lafoi | lafut'eu | v. | B-IV | carry, transport; tow forward (a boat) | Gez. lamphu- (C) |
| lagagloi | n. | hometown, place of origin | langànglau "familiar place" | ||
| Lageu | top. | the Eigə delta | lâwa "delta" | ||
| laheu | n. | bone | langkwo | ||
| laixeu | laixêg | adj. | young | lairi | |
| lamoi | lamaig | adj. | long; tall | larmai | |
| lanaloi | lanalug | adj. | comfortable, convenient | B.Nz. lañalu "cozy place" | |
| lasoi | lasaig | adj. | quick, fast | lantai | |
| latsatseu | n. | hour | lartsartsa | ||
| lêd | n. | grape | lin | ||
| lêg | lêha | n. | face | leng | |
| legideu | legidat'eu | v. | B-I | translate | B.Nz. lɛwida (influenced by legoi etc.) |
| legoi | legait'eu | v. | B-V | compose poetry | (back-formed from legoitsai) |
| legoitsai | n. | epic poem | lewaitsâi | ||
| legolpoi | legôlpaut'eu | v. | B-V (au) | decree; document (officially) | lewalpau "write" |
| lekseu | n. | taxation | lekta "collect" | ||
| lekseu | leksat'eu | v. | B-I | tax | lekta "collect" |
| lesta | n. | room; interior (of a building) | lestâ | ||
| lêtsoi | lêtsaug | adj. | cold | lêtsau | |
| leuboi | n. | footprint | lobau | ||
| leubop | leubopat'eu | v. | B-II (eu) | insult | *labap < lapabap "ignore" |
| leuset | leusetat'eu | v. | B-II | build | lasetn |
| leusoi | leusut'eu | v. | B-IV | liberate | F. lewsuy |
| liha | cj.gap | neither/nor | ligâ | ||
| lihê | lihêt'eu | v. | B-VI | pile up | PHab. *linke "layer, level" |
| lik | cj. | neither/nor | lik | ||
| lisêheu | lisêhot'eu | v. | B-I (o) | shake; disrupt | lisedgo |
| liteu | pp. | inside; between | lita "throughout" | ||
| loi | n. | bird | lai | ||
| loi ses | n. | poultry | ("farm bird") | ||
| loid | n. | year | laid | ||
| lolboi | lôlbuxa | n. | guest | *lolboiboi < lolmaubu "visitor" | |
| loltoi | lôltuxa | n. | hunger; famine | lu oltu "the starving" | |
| losixeu | losixat'eu | v. | B-I | answer; respond | lonsia |
| lots | leutsa | n. | land, country, region | lats | |
| lukên | n. | saddle | Me. luken | ||
| luk'imeu | luk'imêg | adj. | elegant, graceful | Tl. lūk’im "agile, competent" | |
| lusit | lusitat'eu | v. | B-II | try, attempt | lusit |
| Lusoi | top. | a city | lunde [âk] tau "shore of the lake" | ||
| luskoi | n. | flag | luskai "sail" | ||
| mab | num. | seven | mam | ||
| mag | adv. | today | mâg | ||
| maga | pp. | before (temporal) | ob mowâ "at dawn" | ||
| mahaisô | mahaisot'eu | v. | C-VI | terminate an agreement; turn against sb. | B.Nz. maxaysɔ "shun, avoid one's company" |
| mahê | pron. | nothing | mage | ||
| mahêg | qu./pron. | neither | mageg "nothing" (du.) | ||
| maihoi | n. | yolk (of an egg) | ulmài ngkai "egg yellow" (initial unstressed ul- dropped due to confusion with definite article lu) | ||
| maisa | n. | cow's milk | mâisâ "cow" | ||
| maisloi | n. | pasture | mâislau | ||
| Maislofeu | top. | a city | mâislau ompa "flat pasture" | ||
| mak'at | n. | cap, bonnet, hood | Tl. mak’āt | ||
| malixa | malixat'eu | v. | C-VI | fellate | Ad. malia "suck" |
| maneu | manixa | n. | specialty; characteristic feature/product | B.Nz. mañi "rare, remarkable, special" | |
| mastô | n. | flute | B.Nz. mastɔra (final -xa reanalysed as antigenitive) | ||
| mat'oi | pron. | for no reason | mandu | ||
| mauk | mauhat'eu | v. | C-II | protest (against); argue (with) | mâuk |
| mauseu | n. | soul, spirit, essence | *maunta < maundi ta | ||
| maxob | maxomog | adj. | heavy | *marobm < mwarwobm | |
| maxolê | maxolêt'eu | v. | C-VI | reject | B.Nz. marolə |
| mbaxeu | n. | bark | mbâro "bark" | ||
| mbêfêleu | n. | raindrop | mber mpêlo "tear of rain" | ||
| mbêge | mbêgêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | sing | mbîbwe |
| mbêgetsai | n. | tale, legend | *mbîbwetsâi "song" (analogous to lewaitsâi "poetry") | ||
| mbêp'oi | cj. | while, in between | mbembu "between" | ||
| mbiboi | mbibuxa | n. | voice | mbibu "speaker" | |
| mbihob | n. | duty, obligation | mbigom "tax, tithe" | ||
| mbiteu | mbitat'eu | v. | C-I | fan, kindle (a fire); support, keep sth. going | Gez. mibiːtha- (C) |
| mbits | n. | heron (bird) | mbits | ||
| mbod | mbeuda | n. | color; mood | mbod | |
| mboi | mbaig | adj.dem | left (direction) | mbai "leftward" | |
| mbop | mbeupa | n. | music | mbop | |
| mbosoi | n. | seed | mbontai | ||
| mbugeu | adv. | yesterday | mbubwa "recently" | ||
| mbuspoi | mbuspuxa | n. | bedding | mbusmu "belly; soft part of an animal" | |
| mbuspuloi | n. | bed | mbusmulau | ||
| mbuxeu | mbuxat'eu | v. | C-I | decide, choose | mbura |
| mê | mêt'eu | v.intr | C-VI | walk | mê "journey" |
| meboi | mebuxa | n. | merchant | Ad. mebu | |
| mêgagoi | n. | general, military commander | mebwe angài "father of war" (influenced by mêgeu) | ||
| mege | n. | father | mebwe | ||
| mêgeu | mêgag | adj. | mighty; intimidating; strong (alcohol) | mingwa "powerful" | |
| meheu | mehixa | n. | table | maki | |
| mehod | meheuda | n. | bronze | Gez. makhad (W) | |
| mekot | mekeuta | n. | brother; cousin; something similar to something else | merkàt | |
| mêkseu | mêksêt'eu | v. | C-III | loot, plunder | PHab. *me:qise "look" |
| meled | melênat'eu | v. | C-II (n) | hold, contain, confine, limit | meledn "include" |
| mêleu | mêlêt'eu | v. | C-III | read | mêli |
| mese | mesêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | meet | mese |
| met | n. | woman | Me. met | ||
| mêt'a | cj.gap | or | *mindâ (by analogy) | ||
| Mêt'oi | top. | the city of Miədu | [Mos] Mindu | ||
| meuge | meugêt'eu | v.erg | C-VI (ê) | crumble, break down | mabwe "unstable" |
| meulad | meuladat'eu | v.erg | C-II | notice, find, discover | molan "awake, alert" (adj.) |
| meulêdeu | meulêdat'eu | v. | C-I | consider, take into account | molina "not be blind to" |
| meuloi | pron. | nowhere | malau "no place" | ||
| meutsoi | pron. | never | matsau | ||
| mi | qu. | no; none of | mi | ||
| mi | cj. | or | mi | ||
| miheu | mihat'eu | v. | C-I | trust | miga |
| mihoi | mihait'eu | v. | C-V | be delighted (intr.), thank (tr.) | midgai |
| mik | miha | n. | bread | mik | |
| mikispeu | n. | dough | mikwisma | ||
| mina | n. | old whore; harridan | Ad. mina "mother" | ||
| mip | adv. | no | mip "no way" | ||
| miskeu | miskêt'eu | v. | C-III | blame, accuse | miskwi |
| mixets | pron. | in no way | mi etsn "no method" | ||
| mixud | pron. | nobody | mi rud "no man" | ||
| mixuhuboi | mixuhubuxa | n. | adventurer; rogue | miukurbu "one who tries" | |
| mob | mama | n. | mouth | mabm | |
| mob | meubog | adj. | stupid | mab "blunt" | |
| mobloi | n. | beak | mabm lai "bird mouth" | ||
| moboi | mobuxa | n. | shadow | morbu "dark one" | |
| mod | manog | adj. | sudden | madn | |
| mofoi | mofuxa | n. | river ford | mompu "not deep" | |
| Mofutêseu | top. | a city | mompu tento "wide ford" | ||
| moiboi | moibait'eu | v.erg | C-V | sleep | maubai "not active" |
| moisa | moisat'eu | v.intr | C-VI | retreat, recede | B.Nz. mɔysa |
| mok'oi | n. | worm | mombwai | ||
| moldoi | pp. | in front of | ob moldau "at front" | ||
| mos | meusa | n. | city, esp. a Ndok city-state | mos | |
| môsô | n. | harbor | F. mosou | ||
| Môsp'euseu | top. | the city of Momuva'e | Mos Mumbàsi | ||
| mostoi | môstut'eu | v.intr | C-IV | run or fly very rapidly | mastu "whistle" |
| mot | (irr.; see grammar) | v.aux | C-II (eu) | be (copula) | matn "know" |
| mot'uboi | mot'ubuxa | n. | minister (of state), magistrate, government official | mondubu "accountant" | |
| môxáugubê | môxáugubêg | adj. | ponderous; absurdly serious | F. mwáogube | |
| moxe | moxêg | adj. | dark (of lighting) | more | |
| mpaga | cj.gap | because | *mpawâ (by analogy) | ||
| mpaxêb | n. | notch, indentation, gouge | mparim "furrow" | ||
| mpe | mpêt'eu | v.intr | C-VI (ê) | sit | mpe |
| mpêleu | n. | rain | mpêlo | ||
| mpep | n. | breast | mpepm | ||
| mpeu | mpag | adj.dem | that | mpag "far" (final -g reanalysed as acc ending) | |
| mpisoi | mpisuxa | n. | spider | mpisu | |
| mpitoi | n. | plot, conspiracy | mpitau "private" | ||
| mpob | mpoma | n. | plum | mpom | |
| mpoi | cj. | because | mpau | ||
| mpoifô | mpoifot'eu | v. | C-VI | make possible by providing resources; finance (a project) | B.Nz. mpɔyfɔ "allow, permit" |
| mpóisôxeu | n. | fish | mpaiswa | ||
| mpôskeuleu | mpôskeulêt'eu | v. | C-III | preach, proselytise; admonish | mpaskali "assert, declare" |
| mpunêb | n. | heathen | mpurnim | ||
| mudok | mudeuha | n. | dream | murdak | |
| mugoi | muguxa | n. | owl | mungwu | |
| mula | n. | ice | mulâ | ||
| muloi | n. | north | Mulau "the northern mountains" | ||
| musidutê | n. | philosophy; ideology | F. mušidutə | ||
| mutê | n. | invasion, assault | PHab. *mute "shoot, launch, throw" | ||
| nabageu | nabagêg | adj. | brown, grey | namowi "brown" | |
| nabagihêseu | n. | autumn | [lu] namowikintsa "the browning" | ||
| nabloi | pron. | somewhere | namlau | ||
| nagô | n. | bear | F. nagu | ||
| nak | naha | n. | field | nâk | |
| nalungoi | nalungut'eu | v.intr | C-IV | be in formation (of soldiers) | F. naluŋuh "organise; arrange" |
| naneu | nanot'eu | v. | C-I (o) | cut | narno |
| nap'e | pron. | something | nambe | ||
| nap'oi | pron. | someday; sometimes | nambau | ||
| naskak | naskaha | n. | pain; wound, injury | Tl. nāsqak | |
| naxas | n. | turtle, tortoise | |||
| ndaud | ndaunog | adj. | clean | ndaun "pure" | |
| ndauk'oi | n. | religious orthodoxy, faith, conservatism | ndaun gau "the pure way" | ||
| ndausêhêd | ndausêhêdat'eu | v.intr | C-II | supplicate, do penance (religious) | ndaun ta + -kin: "purify oneself" |
| nde | ndêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | cause | nde "touch" |
| ndêbuteu | ndêbutat'eu | v. | C-I | forgive, pardon | ndimu ta "mercy-dynamic" |
| ndêgoiteu | ndêgoitat'eu | v. | C-I | protect, safeguard | ndêwu ta |
| ndênab | ndênabat'eu, pfv.pl ndênap'e | v.erg | C-II | live; reign (specifying duration) | ndenam |
| ndepes | ndepesat'eu | v. | C-II | gather (esp. fruit from trees, bushes) | ndepes |
| ndesonô | n. | renegade; waverer | B.Nz. nzesoño "change one's mind" | ||
| ndeulid | ndeulêna | n. | enthusiasm; vigor | ndalidn "energy" | |
| ndeuloi | pron. | there | ndo olau "top place" | ||
| ndeupeu | ndeupêg | adj. | wise | ndapi "smart" | |
| ndeutsoi | pron. | then | (by analogy) | ||
| ndit | n. | wrist | nditn | ||
| nditol | nditeula | n. | lamp, torch | nditol | |
| ndog | qu. | a pair of; two out of | ndog (dual discourse-referential article) | ||
| ndoi | n. | tree | ndai | ||
| Ndok | ethn. | the Ndok people | Ndak | ||
| Ndokseu | n. | the pagan Ndok religion | Ndak Ta | ||
| ndoneu | n. | success, prosperity, revenue, assets | B.Nz. nzɔñu "advantage" | ||
| ndoxud | pron. | that person | ndo rud "top man" | ||
| ndub | n. | plot of land, estate, territory | ndum "fence" | ||
| ndugeu | pron. | why | nduwa | ||
| Nduk'ot | top. | a city | ndum gatn "wooden fence" | ||
| ndulob | ndulamat'eu | v. | C-II (m) | plan, intend | ndulabm "arrange" |
| nêd | cj. | if/then, therefore | nin | ||
| neheu | n. | god | naka | ||
| nelgad | nelgadat'eu | v. | C-II | change, turn, move around | nelgan "twist" |
| nêpsod | nêpseuda | n. | nomad, barbarian, steppe-dweller | nimsad | |
| nêt'a | cj.gap | if/then | nindâ | ||
| netroi | n. | wife | netrai | ||
| neubau | neubaug | adj. | certain; reliable | nabâu "predictable" | |
| neulox | n. | workhorse | *neulaxox < nalaròr | ||
| neuluk | neuluhat'eu | v. | C-II | arrange, sort, structure | nalunguk "organise" |
| neupe | neupêg | adj. | red | napê | |
| nga | qu. | a few; some of | ngwa | ||
| nga- | (prefix) | (augmentative prefix) | ngâ "adult, mature" | ||
| Ngadagoi | n. | the moon god | ngâ dauwai "Big White" | ||
| ngade | n. | neck; bridge | ngane | ||
| Ngafoix | top. | a city | *ngampài < ngane pai "large bridge" | ||
| ngagôstad | n. | leather; (light) armor | ngwau asnàn "dry skin" | ||
| ngagud | ngagunat'eu | v. | C-II (n) | sneeze | ngwargudn |
| ngahêboi | ngahêbait'eu | v. | C-V | connect, combine, assemble | ngane kîbai "tie a connection" |
| ngai | ngait'eu | v. | C-VI | reckon; guess | ngwâi "think" |
| Ngahêxôldod | top. | the city Akelodo | (aug. prefix nga- + Ngkeladadn) | ||
| ngatsaug | ngatsauha | n. | moat | ngane saungwe "water-neck" | |
| ngatseu | ngatsixa | n. | tool | ngwartsi | |
| ngatsima | num. | thousand | (aug. prefix nga- + tsima "hundred") | ||
| ngauhoi | n. | shell; shield | ngwau ngkai "egg-skin" | ||
| ngaxunok | ngaxuneuha | n. | high priest of a city | (aug. prefix nga- + runok) | |
| ngêbot | ngêbeutat'eu | v. | C-II (eu) | remember | ngwimatn "should know" |
| ngêdod | ngêdonat'eu | v. | C-II (n) | have a bad reputation, be unwelcome | ngwinon "should leave" |
| ngekeu | n. | jewel, gemstone | *ngerko < Gez. ŋerko (K) | ||
| ngeksis | n. | slave; prisoner | ngaktìs | ||
| ngêp'eu | n. | growth; protuberance | ngemba "toe" | ||
| ngêp'eu | ngêp'at'eu | v.intr | C-I | grow, swell | (verbalization of "growth") |
| ngêp'oi | ngêp'ug | adj. | sharp, pointed | ngimbu | |
| ngeulai | ngeulaig | adj. | full | ngwolâi | |
| ngeulai | ngeulait'eu | v.erg | C-VI | get filled | ngwolâi |
| nggab | n. | carpet | nggam "mat" | ||
| nggage | nggagêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | strike | mbwawe "push" |
| nggageu | nggagêt'eu | v. | C-III | put, place; push | nggawi (with interference from nggage) |
| nggaihade | n. | ladder; staircase | nggai ngane "upwards-connecting thing" | ||
| nggaixit | cj. | until | nggairit | ||
| nggexoi | n. | cabbage | nggerau | ||
| nggoi | nggaig | adj.dem | upper; back | nggai "upward" | |
| nggoiloi | n. | sky | nggailau "upward-place" | ||
| nggol | nggeula | n. | foot | nggol | |
| nggudeg | nggudaiha | n. | butterfly | ngguneg | |
| ngguheuboi | ngguheubuxa | n. | traitor | nggukobu "liar" | |
| ngi | num. | two | ngi | ||
| ngiboi | ngibuxa | n. | twin; lookalike; copy; model | ngibu "two-person" | |
| ngigatats | n. | bireme | F. ŋigatač | ||
| Ngkadeu | top. | the world; Akana | Ngkana | ||
| ngkaifoig | ngkaifauha | n. | aftereffect | ngkwaimpaugng "vomit" | |
| ngkeha | n. | brine; undrinkable water | nukwàkâ "slime, mucus" | ||
| ngket | ngketat'eu | v.intr | C-II | wilt; wither | ngket |
| ngkeupeu | n. | cart, wagon | ngkopa | ||
| ngkilbeu | n. | plough | ngkilba | ||
| ngkoi | n. | egg | ngkai | ||
| ngkomoi | ngkomuxa | n. | saw | ngkormu | |
| ngkup | n. | nut | ngkup | ||
| ngod | ngeuda | n. | fork | ngod | |
| ngog | cj. | although, despite | ngwogng "backward" | ||
| ngok'a | cj.gap | although, despite | *ngwonggâ (by analogy) | ||
| ngol | adv. | even, indeed | ngal "very" | ||
| ngu | cj. | as, when | ngu | ||
| ngufeu | n. | cat | |||
| ngugoi | adv. | thus, as follows | ngu wai | ||
| nibixê | n. | ambition | B.Nz. nivíyə "be ambitious" | ||
| nigeu | nigixa | n. | rice | B.Nz. nigiwo | |
| nigloi | niglug | adj. | weak, faint, helpless | Miw. nīglu "feeble" | |
| nil | num. | nine | nil | ||
| nilê | nilêt'eu | v. | C-VI | estimate, value | B.Nz. nilə |
| nilik | nilihog | adj. | honest, frank, authentic, genuine | Tl. nilīk’ | |
| nixeutêb | n. | waterclock | niàtem | ||
| nod | nodat'eu | v.intr | C-II | go | non [initial /n/ does not mutate; the word thus behaves as if < *-nnôd-] |
| nôhala | n. | goods; cargo | B.Nz. noxala | ||
| noi | pp. | at, on, in | nai "in" | ||
| noilêd | noilêdat'eu | v. | C-II | assess, judge | nailin |
| noiskoi | adv. | only, merely; in vain | naisngai "pointlessly" | ||
| nolô | n. | road | F. noulo | ||
| nonoiloi | nonoilut'eu | v.intr | C-IV | be in debt (hab/impf); go bankrupt (pfv) | B.Nz. noñuylu "bankruptcy" |
| not'e | not'êt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | reach, achieve, accomplish | non nde "go-touch" |
| nots | neutsat'eu | v.erg | C-II (eu) | die | nots |
| ntaik'oi | adv. | disturbingly | nte ainggàu "with crookedness" | ||
| ntaug | ntauha | n. | forest | ntâug | |
| nte | pp. | with, by (instrumental) | nte | ||
| ntêga | n. | penis | ntêwâ "tail" | ||
| ntêgaux | adv. | urgently | B.Nz. ntəgáwɛ "pushing" | ||
| ntetspoi | ntetspuxa | n. | boat | ntetspu "floater" | |
| ntêt'eu | n. | sword | ntindo "metal" | ||
| nteuloi | n. | death; funeral | ntalau | ||
| ntixeu | ntixag | adj. | good | ntia "true" | |
| ntixol | ntixeulog | adj. | same | ntial | |
| ntonad | ntonadat'eu | v. | C-II | watch, check, examine | B.Nz. ntɔnadɛ "have a closer look at" |
| ntots | pp. | around | ntatsn | ||
| ntotskeuteu | ntotskeutat'eu | v. | C-I | wrap | ntatsn kota "cover all around" |
| ntsad | adv. | very | ntsand "greatly" | ||
| ntse | n. | vital fluids; blood (metaphorical) | ntse | ||
| ntsêloi | ntsêluxa | n. | belt | ntsîlu | |
| ntsetêb | ntsetêbat'eu, pfv.pl ntsetêp'e | v. | C-II | discuss, negotiate | ntsertim |
| ntsetêbloi | n. | issue, topic of discussion | ntsertimlau | ||
| ntseuhot | ntseuheuta | n. | roof (of a building) | ntsadgot | |
| ntsex | adv. | (emphatic, cf. "bloody" but may have positive force) | ntse "blood" | ||
| ntsexelseu | ntsexelsêt'eu | v.erg | C-III | have a fever | ntse relsi "hot blood" |
| ntsihad | n. | chicken | ntsigan | ||
| ntsod | ntseuda | n. | straw, hay | ntsad | |
| ntsofeu | n. | platform, terrace, porch (in front of a building) | ntsompa "stairs" | ||
| ntsuxeu | n. | needle | ntsuro | ||
| ntuk | ntuha | n. | pen, writing brush | ntuk "stem, stalk; shaft; stylus" | |
| ntupseu | ntupsat'eu | v. | C-I | rest | ntupa ta "become peaceful" |
| nubeheu | nubehêg | adj. | proud | numagi "boast" | |
| nuhots | nuheutsat'eu | v. | C-II (eu) | trade | nugats |
| numoi | numuxa | n. | tip (of a spear or arrow) | *nurmu < nurimu | |
| nus | nusat'eu | v.intr | C-II | move back and forth; happen regularly | nus "high tide" |
| od | cj. | and | on | ||
| ódôxeu | wôdôxag | adj. | black | adwa "dark" | |
| ofeu | wôfag | adj. | flat | ompa | |
| oga | cj.gap | and | ongwâ | ||
| oi | aug | adj.dem | any | au (indefinite article) | |
| oibeu | oibog | adj. | faithful, righteous | aubo "easy, happy" (via "confident") | |
| [auseu] Oigeu | top. | the Eigə River | [Aunti] Aiwa | ||
| oigoi | n. | divine light; 7th day of the week | (hon. prefix oi- + bwai "star") | ||
| Oigop'oibauxeu | top. | the city of Bwimbai/Ziphē | (hon. prefix oi + Gop'oi (variant of Gêp'oi) + baura "great") | ||
| oipeu | oipêt'eu | v.erg | A-III | freeze | aipi |
| ois | qu. | many, more, an exceptionally large number of | ais | ||
| oisaxud | n. | human sacrifice | ausa "sacrifice" + rud "man" | ||
| oiseuloi | n. | temple | ausalau "altar" | ||
| oispeu | oispêg | adj. | green | auspi | |
| oispihêseu | n. | spring (season) | [lu] auspikintsa "the greening" | ||
| oit | oitat'eu | v. | A-II | have, own, be equipped with | aitn "keep" |
| oiteu | pp. | compared to | aio ta "salient-dynamic" | ||
| oitsoi | pron. | now | waitsau (initial w- irregularly lost) | ||
| ok'eu | wôk'euxa | n. | wealth, splendour | abbwa "bloom" | |
| oldoi | wôldoixa | n. | eye | oldau | |
| olgeu | wôlgog | adj. | sweet | algo | |
| olgoi | wôlgaig | adj. | typical, ordinary | alngai "common" | |
| ólôxoi | pp. | against | al wau "without regard for" | ||
| olteu | wôltog | adj. | new | olto | |
| ópôxeu | wôpôxixa | n. | fruit | apwi | |
| osoi | wôsut'eu | v. | A-IV | affirm | B.Nz. osu "promise" |
| ospoi | wôspaut'eu | v. | A-V (au) | return | oto bau "come again" |
| pahê | n. | back (of the body) | PHab. *panke | ||
| paihoi | paihut'eu | v.erg | B-IV | fear, be afraid | paingkwu |
| paikeu | paikag | adj.dem | last, final | pekwa | |
| pat | patog | adj. | foul; undesirable; bad | Ad. pat "bad-smelling" | |
| patsuna | n. | mathematics | F. pačuna "count; reckon" | ||
| pasoi | pasuxa | n. | bundle, bunch, batch | pantu "sheaf (of grain)" | |
| peda | pedag | adj. | loud | Ad. pēda | |
| pêg | pêha | n. | mortar, glue | ping | |
| pes | n. | cup, bowl | pes | ||
| pêseu | adv. | damn | penta "fuck up" | ||
| peupoi | peuput'eu | v. | B-IV | dance | popu |
| peupoi | peupaut'eu | v. | B-V (au) | identify | papau "name" |
| peupos | peupeusa | n. | wall (fortification) | *peupapos < pap âk mos "shield of the city" | |
| pexos | pexeusa | n. | hero | peras "brave" | |
| pige | pigêt'eu | v. | B-VI (ê) | rush, hurry | pigel "early" (stative verbalization reanalysed as passive) |
| piloi | pilait'eu | v. | B-V | send | pilai |
| pip | pipog | adj. | correct; proper | pipm "useful" | |
| pispeu | pispêt'eu | v. | B-III | hurt, injure | Tl. pisfi |
| pitsau | n. | wool | pitsâu | ||
| poi | paig | adj. | big, large | pai | |
| p'okeu | pp. | behind, beyond | ob bongga "at back" | ||
| poldeu | pôldeuxa | n. | valley | palda | |
| polp'eu | pôlp'ixa | n. | mystery; (pl.) religious truth; 1st day of the week | palmambi "secret" | |
| pop | peupa | n. | man | pop "shield" (via "infantry soldier") | |
| pôpsod | pôpsanat'eu | v.intr | B-II (n) | hiccup; hesitate | papsadn |
| pôspud | pôspudat'eu | v. | B-II | leave, go away | posmun "flee" |
| posteu | pôstot'eu | v. | B-I (o) | be irritable | pasto "attack; pick a fight" |
| pugeu | n. | nose | pungwa | ||
| puma | n. | smoke | pumâ | ||
| rafêd | cj. | instead | rampen | ||
| rafêt'a | cj.gap | instead | *rampendâ (by analogy) | ||
| rafeu | rafag | adj. | abundant, rich, luxurious, prosperous | rampa | |
| rafêhêseu | n. | summer | [lu] rampakintsa "the lush season" | ||
| ragaxud | n. | veteran; experienced person | râwa rud "mature man" | ||
| rageb | ragêmog | adj. | awkward; unskilled; unsuitable; defunct | rawebm "incompetently" | |
| rageu | ragat'eu | v. | C-I | play (music), perform (theatre) | rowa |
| raidoi | raidait'eu | v. | C-V | enjoy | râidai "be hooked on" |
| ramê | n. | confusion | B.Nz. ramɛ "confuse, mix up" | ||
| raniza | ranizat'eu | v. | C-VI | be insane | Ad. rāniza |
| rap'e | cj. | during | rambe | ||
| raseu | rasot'eu | v. | C-I (o) | obey, take orders | ranto "hear" |
| rat'ex | n. | jar | rander | ||
| raug | rauha | n. | countryside, open landscape (anything that's neither human settlement, forest, or mountains) | raung | |
| rêbox | n. | earthquake | remor | ||
| rêfe | n. | trunk (of a tree) | rimpe "tree stump" | ||
| rehôldak | rehôldahat'eu | v. | C-II | sow | ragol nâk "fill the field" |
| rêlek | rêlaihat'eu | v. | C-II | ride | *rêlek < Gez. rêːleko- (K) |
| resteu | restêt'eu | v. | C-III | buy, acquire | B.Nz. resti "choose" |
| retsêd | pp. | like, similar to | retsen "characteristically act like sth." | ||
| reu | num. | ten | ro | ||
| rig | pp. | through, via, across | rigng | ||
| ristêd | ristênat'eu | v.intr | C-II (n) | have bad luck, have circumstances conspire against you, be thwarted | risten "lose regularly" |
| ritsod | ritsana | n. | loom | ritsadn | |
| rixab | rixabat'eu, pfv.pl rixap'e | v. | C-II | learn, study | riam |
| rob | roma | n. | feather | robm | |
| robeu | acc roba | cj. | that, which (relativiser) | roma | |
| roi | acc rai | cj. | that (complementiser) | rai | |
| roifô | n. | freak, outsider, weirdo | B.Nz. ruyfɔ "peculiar" | ||
| roileu | roilat'eu | v. | C-I | adore, be impressed by | raula "love" |
| roits | cj. | (adverbial subordinator) | raits | ||
| rote | rotêt'eu | v. | C-VI (ê) | flee, escape | rorte "be on the run" |
| roxop | roxeupa | n. | coast; land by the sea | rorop "peninsula" | |
| roza | n. | public discourse | Ad. roza | ||
| ru | pp. | as (essive) | ru (hab.cop) | ||
| rud | n. | human being | rud "man" | ||
| rugai | rugaig | adj. | intelligent | rungwâi "think regularly" | |
| rugêb | rugêbat'eu, pfv.pl rugêp'e | v.intr | C-II | stay, dwell, be located (+ pp.) | ruwim "live regularly" |
| rugeu | rugat'eu | v. | C-I | be gullible, be naïve | rugua |
| rugeuteu | rugeutat'eu | v.erg | C-I | be lazy; procrastinate | rungata |
| ruheu | ruhat'eu | v.intr | C-I | get by, survive | *ruhosteu < rungkasta "always make it through" (reanalysed as impf.sg) |
| ruhuk | ruhukat'eu | v. | C-II | be reckless, be impatient, behave riskily | rukuk "always be in a hurry" |
| rulbeu | n. | thief | rulmo | ||
| runok | runeuha | n. | high-ranking cleric | runnak | |
| sabrêdeu | sabrêdixa | n. | rival, competitor (esp. in business) | B.Nz. savrɛdi "feud, rivalry" | |
| Sagibleu | top. | ancient name for Huyfárah; metaphorically, decadence | Sau Ibli | ||
| saifeu | saifog | adj. | only, exclusive, unique | saimpo "alone" | |
| saigol | saiglog | adj. | blue | sai ngal "very blue" | |
| saldêneu | saldênag | adj. | public; official | *sâlnena < sanlena | |
| saseu | sasag | adj. | rightful; traditional | santa "legal" | |
| sat'uhop | sat'uheupat'eu | v. | B-II (eu) | claim for oneself; occupy | Gez. saːndugoːpe- "settle down at" (C) |
| sax | n. | sister | Me. sar | ||
| Saxehêd | ethn. | the Isthmus peoples | saragin "Faraghin" | ||
| sanô | n. | village | Me. sanu | ||
| sapob | sapamat'eu | v. | B-II (m) | start, begin | sâpabm "lift" |
| sasa | n. | tube; pipe; snout | sarsâ | ||
| sasaug | sasauha | n. | reed | *sarsaung < sarsâ saungwe "water tube" | |
| saugaihil | n. | beer | saungwe kil "barley water" | ||
| sauk'e | n. | blood | saungwe "water" (via some poetic phrase or euphemism) | ||
| Saukseuleu | top. | a lake and river at the northeastern fringes of Lasomo | saungwe tali "Tali water" | ||
| se | n. | snow | oise < ause (oi- dropped due to confusion with hon. prefix) | ||
| sêb | n. | sheep | sim "cloud" | ||
| sêb | sêbat'eu, pfv.pl sêp'e | v.erg | B-II | be lucky | sim "lucky" |
| sebaux | n. | drum | sebaur | ||
| sêbêd | sêbêdat'eu | v. | B-II | deny, refuse | semen |
| sêbêsêt'oi | sêbêsêt'uxa | n. | monk, hermit, ascetic | sementindu "one who denies himself" | |
| sêbloi | n. | line, row | semalau "queue (of people)" | ||
| sêbreu | n. | copper | Gez. zɛmraː (W) | ||
| sêdos | sêdeusa | n. | bucket | Gez. siːnoz (C) | |
| seg | saiha | n. | hook | seg | |
| sêp'ox | sêp'oxat'eu | v. | B-II | boil | simbor |
| ses | n. | farm | |||
| sêtêg | sêtêhog | adj. | different | sîteng | |
| sêtik | sêtiha | n. | bow | Tl. setiek | |
| setsauk | setsauha | n. | emperor | F. serčaok | |
| seu | n. | meat | sa | ||
| seu | pp. | from | sa | ||
| seupeu | seupêt'eu | v. | B-III | force | sapmi |
| seupub | seupumat'eu, pfv.pl seupup'e | v. | B-II (m) | originate in; derive from | sapum |
| sexin | n. | empire | F. (lu-) serin | ||
| sihêdeu | sihêdat'eu | v. | B-I | curse sb.; sabotage | sikîda "corrupt" |
| sihod | sihana | n. | storm | sikadn "hurricane" | |
| sixêsêd | sixêsênog | adj. | worthy, accomplished, reputable | sientin "prove oneself" | |
| sob | seubat'eu | v.erg | B-II (eu) | drink; swallow | sab |
| sodêloi | n. | graveyard | sonîlau | ||
| sodêneu | n. | grave; gravesite | *sonîna < sonîda | ||
| sofis | sofisat'eu | v. | B-II | conquer | sompìs |
| soisuk'oi | soisuk'uxa | n. | left-handed person | saisunggu | |
| su | (irr.; see grammar) | v.aux | B-IV | do | su |
| sud | num. | eight | sudn | ||
| suneu | sunixa | n. | apple | B.Nz. suni | |
| suseu | susixa | n. | mouse | susi | |
| tab | n. | south | tam | ||
| tableu | tablêg | adj. | foreign | (tab-ibleu "north-south") | |
| tageu | tagot'eu | v. | B-I (o) | oppose, rebel, rise against | targo |
| taiheu | taihêt'eu | v. | B-III | tie, fasten, attach | Gez. theːgi- (C) |
| taxag | taxaha | n. | daughter | tarang | |
| têb | n. | wall (of a house) | tem | ||
| têfeu | n. | shelf, board | tempa | ||
| têhagleu | têhaglixa | n. | brick | tingkàu ali "fire-stone" | |
| têhê | têhêt'eu | v. | B-VI | lie, deceive | tingke "compel, coerce" (influenced by têheu) |
| têheu | têhot'eu | v. | B-I (o) | coax, persuade | tengo "pull" |
| têloi | têlaig | adj. | bright, colorful | têlai "rainbow" | |
| Têmêgeu | top. | a city | tem mingwa "strong wall" | ||
| tênô | tênot'eu | v. | B-VI | be late | B.Nz. tɛnɔ "delay, postpone" |
| tep | n. | cheese | Me. tep | ||
| têtseu | têtsixa | n. | arrow | Tl. teatsi | |
| teulêb | teulêbog | adj. | blank, polished; empty | Gez. taːliːm "bald" (C) | |
| tilkeu | tilkag | adj. | disgusting; rejectable | Miw. atilka "ugly" | |
| tiskeu | n. | flax; linen | tiska | ||
| titeu | titixa | n. | flea | titi | |
| tixeu | tixixa | n. | door, gate | tiri | |
| tod | tona | n. | hand | ton | |
| tohêt | n. | ginger | ton ngket "withered hand" | ||
| toidoi | adv. | somewhat | taudu | ||
| toitseu | toitsêt'eu | v. | B-III | form, shape; create | tautsi "bend" |
| toizô | toizôt'eu | v. | B-VI | load, charge | Tl. toezo "pack" |
| tomob | tomeuba | n. | fist | ton mab "blunt hand" | |
| tósôxoi | n. | star | *toswau < tol iswau "night-light" | ||
| tôspab | tôspamat'eu | v. | B-II (m) | denounce, betray | tasbam "imply" |
| tôxadoi | n. | protection; 8th day of the week | tuanau | ||
| tôxadoi | tôxadaut'eu | v. | B-V (au) | prevent | tuanau |
| tsafeu | tsafêt'eu | v. | B-III | give | tsampi |
| tsaig | tsaihat'eu | v.erg | B-II | wash | tsaing |
| tsaihêdig | tsaihêdiha | n. | chain | tseginig | |
| tsateuna | tsateunat'eu | v. | B-VI | propose, suggest, recommend | Tl. tsateonna |
| tsehoi | n. | bee | tsakai | ||
| tselog | tseloha | n. | spear | tselô | |
| tsêneu | tsênêt'eu | v. | B-III | allay sb.'s concerns; appease | B.Nz. tsəñɛ "unlikely" |
| tsêt'oi | pron. | therefore | tsindu | ||
| tsêtseu | tsêtsixa | n. | louse | tsêtsi | |
| tseubeu | tseubêt'eu | v. | B-III | rule, govern; supervise | tsobi "control" |
| tsig | tsihat'eu | v.intr | B-II | urinate | tsig |
| tsihê | pron. | that thing | tsige | ||
| tsima | num. | hundred | Me. chima "large quantity" | ||
| tsip | pron. | so, thus, that way | tsip | ||
| tsis | n. | dog | tsis | ||
| tsôbroi | tsôbrut'eu | v. | B-IV | improve, optimise | B.Nz. tsɔvruyɔ |
| tsod | tsanog | adj. | deaf | tsadn | |
| tsôdêneu | tsôdênixa | n. | revelation; discovery | B.Nz. tsɔdə́ñɛ "amazing, stunning, compelling" | |
| tsog | tsoha | n. | knee; corner | tsong | |
| tsohitôxab | n. | elbow | tsong itwam "arm-knee" | ||
| tsohop'oi | tsohop'uxa | n. | loser, pitiable person | tsodgabmbu "one who deserves pity" | |
| tsoisoi | tsoisait'eu | v. | B-V | raise, lift | tsaisai "arise" |
| tsot'eu | n. | dust, dirt | tsondo | ||
| tsu | qu. | a single one; one out of | (same source as Ad. -su singulative suffix?) | ||
| tsuts | tsog | adj.dem | (irr.) | this | tsuts "near" |
| tsuxeu | adv. | tomorrow | tsuri | ||
| tu | tut'eu | v.erg | B-IV | eat | tu |
| tuxoi | tuxuxa | n. | shirt, tunic | *turu < Gez. tuːru (K) | |
| ub | pp. | made of | um | ||
| ugeu | cj. | after | uwa | ||
| ugoi | adv./cj. | then (in the future), soon | ubwu | ||
| uhaid | uhaidog | adj. | polite, modest, humble, obedient | ukain "be unambitious" | |
| uhap'eu | uhap'êt'eu | v. | A-III | declare, announce | ukambi |
| uhêb | uhêbat'eu, pfv.pl uhêp'e | v. | A-II | be sorry, regret | ukem "judge oneself harshly" |
| uhêk'eu | uhêk'at'eu | v. | A-I | select, choose, prefer | ukimbwa "would like to use" |
| uheuteu | uheutot'eu | v. | A-I (o) | bet, wager | ukoto "anticipate" |
| uhubai | uhubaig | adj. | guilty | ukumâi "repentant" | |
| ukêdoi | n. | plea, request; prayer | ukkenau "would like to ask" | ||
| uk'oi | uk'ug | adj. | broken | unggu "crippled" | |
| uk'uteu | uk'utat'eu | v. | A-I | break | unggu ta |
| Uksaux | top. | the city of Ussor | Uksaur | ||
| uksêd | uksêdat'eu | v. | A-II | want, wish, desire | uktsin "would like" |
| ulboi | ulbaig | adj. | yellow | ulmài | |
| uleu | n. | rope | ulwo | ||
| ulixô | n. | grapevine | Ad. ulio "vine" | ||
| ulok | uleuha | n. | gift, present | Gez. uːlakh (C) | |
| umeu | umat'eu | v. | A-I | play (games), joke | unma |
| unô | n. | elder; boss (collq.) | (variant of unoi) | ||
| unoi | unuxa | n. | village priest | Me. unu "shaman" | |
| upê | upêt'eu | v. | A-VI | punch, hit | PHab. *u:pe |
| upleu | uplat'eu | v. | A-II | teach | upla "explain" |
| upot | upeutat'eu | v. | A-II (eu) | ask, inquire | upmatn "investigate" |
| upot'oi | upot'ut'eu | v. | A-IV | pay attention (to detail) | upmondu "be picky about" |
| usiboi | usibuxa | n. | cloud | untsibu "cloud" ("blower") | |
| usoi | usait'eu | v. | A-V | challenge, provoke, tease | untai "joke" |
| uxoi | uxuxa | n. | healing; 2nd day of the week | uru | |
| uxoi | uxut'eu | v. | A-IV | heal, cure | uru |
| wafub | wafuma | n. | pot, cauldron | wampum "hollow" | |
| wagoik | wagoihog | adj. | calm | wawaik | |
| wagoikseu | n. | peace | wawaik ta "calm-dynamic" | ||
| waihê | pron. | this thing | waige | ||
| waskeu | waskêt'eu | v. | C-III | be skilled; do sth. well | *wâski < Gez. wâzaki- "have experience" (K) |
| wêbes | n. | friend | wimès "neighbor" | ||
| wêbloi | n. | house, home | wimlau | ||
| wed | wêna | n. | vegetable | wedn "herb" | |
| wêdab | n. | scar | Gez. wiːnjam "wounded, injured" (C) | ||
| wêg | wêhog | adj. | damp, wet | wing | |
| wênofeu | n. | papyrus | wedn ompa "flat herb" | ||
| wesau | n. | dagger | *wesâu < Gez. wesâu "sword" (K) | ||
| wetsap'oi | wetsap'uxa | n. | fool, idiot | wedusambu "one who will regret" | |
| wisoi | wisait'eu | v. | C-V | speak | wisai "yell; cry out" |
| wispeu | n. | mud; filth | wisma | ||
| wôblauteu | wôblautat'eu | v. | A-I | finish, complete, conclude | malâwe ta "successful-dynamic" |
| wôbuleu | wôbulat'eu | v. | A-I | talk, chat, gossip | omula |
| wofeu | wôfot'eu | v. | C-I (o) | think | wompo "remember" |
| wôgil | wôgilat'eu | v. | A-II | be worried, be stressed, be under pressure | orngil "be squeezed" |
| wôhob | wôhama, pl o-ohob | n. | misery | odgabm "suffer" | |
| woilul | pron. | here (near me) | wailul | ||
| woixud | pron. | this person (near me) | wai rud "this man" | ||
| wôkrêbeu | pl o-ôkrêbeu | n. | candle | akremo "wax" | |
| wôldixeu | wôldixat'eu | v.intr | A-I | fly | alnia |
| wôldos | pl o-ôldos | n. | warrior, soldier | oldas | |
| wôltsêheu | pl o-ôltsêheu | n. | province, local kingdom | lats tsingki "separate land" | |
| wômod | wômeudat'eu, mid.npst.sg wômôskêd | v. | A-II (eu/s) | travel | abmod "walk" |
| wôprid | wôprênat'eu | v.erg | A-II (n) | be shocked, be upset | apridn "be horrified" |
| wôpsiteu | wôpsitat'eu | v. | A-I | braid, plait | Gez. paːzitha- (C) |
| wos | num. | three | wos | ||
| wôskatats | n. | trireme | F. wozgatač | ||
| wôspok | wôspeuha, pl o-ôspok | n. | royal garb and paraphernalia | ospàk "throne" | |
| wot | weuta | n. | period; era | wat "age" | |
| wôt'iseu | wôt'isêg | adj. | smart, clever, intelligent | ondisi "expert" | |
| wôt'iseu | wôt'isêt'eu | v. | A-III | be able, be competent, know how to do sth. | ondisi "expert" |
| wots | weutsa | n. | deer, stag | wots | |
| wôtskêp'eu | wôtskêp'at'eu | v. | A-I | kick | tsong on ngemba "knee and toe" |
| wôtspixaid | wôtspixaidat'eu | v. | A-II | succeed | tsopirain "obviously have planned" |
| wuhoi | wuhut'eu | v. | C-IV | specify; point to | wuku "blame" |
| zan | n. | wine | Ad. zān | ||
| zat'an | n. | pig | Ad. zathan | ||
| zaxeu | zaxêt'eu | v. | B-III | surprise, startle, catch sb. off guard | Me. zaryi "cause to move swiftly" |
| zikoi | zikug | adj. | fried, roasted (of food) | F. jiəku "hard" | |
| zil | n. | warlord (of nomadic barbarians) | Me. jil "chief, ruler" |