Namɨdu/Lexicon
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Lexicon of Namɨdu
See also:
Etymology:
- Ad. = Adāta
- WF = Woltu Falla
- Æð. = Æðadĕ
- B.Nz. = Buruya Nzaysa
- Ndd. = Delta Naidda
- N.A. = Ndok Aisô
- unmarked = Fáralo
| Namɨdu Word | Definition | Etymon |
|---|---|---|
| aba | mason; metalworker | aoba |
| akodag | a sweet wine from Lasomo | from the city of Akôdaig |
| alo | swamp | aə "swamp" + -lo |
| ała | flower | alóu |
| Andok | of the Ndok people | əndók < N.A. Ndok |
| Andokasa | the Ndok Aisô language | əndokáisə < N.A. Ndok Aisô |
| alegdu | constitution; contract | alégadu |
| anyen | dry | anǽn |
| areł | politics | back-formation from arełbu |
| arełbu | politician | arélibu "dissident" |
| asezzuł [pl. asezlek] | conquer | as ezul "utterly take" |
| awobbo | unhappy | avávo "poor" |
| aya | anxiety | aogə "uncertainty" |
| Azbyebbu | a city | As Bǽbu "many anchors" |
| azin | sophisticated | Æð. āz "city dweller" + -in |
| babde | uncle (father's older brother) | baobadew |
| badał | statue | from dim. of Baodan, a 4th c. emperor |
| balɨ | fifth day of the week | (lu-) baoluy |
| Banoggo | a city | Barnágo |
| bes | first day of the week | (lu-) bewš |
| bible | to massage | Ndd. bivle "to touch gently" |
| biddzi | leg | *biji < Ndd. bizri |
| bissa | practical knowledge; to teach it | bista < Æð. biþta "to educate" |
| bɨda | to be convinced; to take advice | buədə "to listen" |
| bɨdaso | to persuade; persuasion | "cause to be convinced" |
| boddał | grape | Ndd. badal "berry" |
| bodde | father | badew |
| bomma | wheat; wheat flour | bomə |
| bop [stem -ebop] | chant (n.) | ebóp "music" |
| borda | to buy | Ndd. bårëda "to acquire" |
| borɨ | to appoint | baruy |
| bos | calm; content | bas |
| bosse | large branch; spine | baše |
| boÿon | landlord | Ndd. båwayån "lord" |
| bu | four | bu |
| bura | to decide; pick; vote | ebúrə |
| but | near | but |
| bwes | ox | bous |
| bwettsa | daughter | boéča |
| Bwɨba | Bwimbai (river); Oigop'oibauxeu (esp. in historical contexts) | Boíəba |
| bwogge | to stir; mix | boáge "push; impel" |
| byenna | to ask | bæna "to beg" |
| byenyoło | non-Etúgə temple | bænéilo |
| byopsa | vagina (somewhat impolite); all-purpose insult | beibulsa |
| byottsa | leg (metaphorical); branch of a river | beiča |
| bÿa | star | boéi |
| bÿonte | astronomy | boéimate |
| bÿoya | declination (of a star); latitude | boéiægə |
| bÿossi | chaos | boéisti "orgy" |
| dadan [pl. dadnak] | to dance | daodan |
| darud | man (somewhat formal) | dau "male" + rud "man" |
| deło | stage; porch; broad staircase | edélo "theater; stage" |
| debło | autumn; fall | edébelo |
| demu | to hunt | dewmuh |
| deññeł | finger | Ndd. dëñe + -l |
| dettsin | ink | (from the name of a flower) |
| didda | improbable | dida "possible" |
| dizza | stuff; pieces | Ndd. diza-diza |
| dɨbo | lard | diəbo "fat, oil" |
| dɨlo | secret; hidden thing | back-formation from nadɨlo "hidden" |
| dobba | white | daba |
| dobzyet | silver | daba "white" + syet "gold" |
| doggɨ | to be in charge; command; host | daguy "host" |
| Dok | foreigner, but esp. the peoples of Kasca; (collq.) poor schmuck | Edák; but felt as the second element of Andok, Doydok |
| dorats | lunch; dinner (large midday meal) | dorač |
| dos | to pursue; sneak attack | das "fight" |
| Doya | Ndak paganism | Ndd. Dï'aya |
| Doydok | the Dāiadak people (archaic) | dayadok |
| dukkas | teacher | dukəs |
| dumbi | stray animal | Æð. dūmvi "homeless; stray" |
| dwa | five | dou |
| dwemma | glass | doumah |
| dya | thumb | deiŋ "finger" |
| dye | hill | dæŋ "mountain" |
| Dyeññał | a hill and district in Mɨdu | dæŋəl "little hill" |
| dyempɨ | goat | dæŋ pir "mountain-goat" |
| dyok | haunted | back-formation from dyokło |
| dyokło | haunted area | deiklo |
| dyonne | facility; skill | deine "smarts; cunning" |
| dyop | punk, insolent youngster | deip "young (of an animal)" |
| dzappa | insult | jeipə |
| dzeddze | that one; that person | jæje |
| dzegga | belligerent | jægə "wrathful" |
| dzen | knife | jæn |
| dzes | maybe | ješ "probably" |
| dzibbe | evil | jibe "bad" |
| dzibbɨs | to wheeze | jibe uəš "badly breathe" |
| dzɨku | strong | jiəku "hard" |
| dzɨna | slow | jiwnə |
| dzɨnaba | ironsmith | dzɨni + aba |
| dzɨni | iron | jiənih |
| dzombu | traveler | dzoññu + -bu |
| dzoññu | to travel | jaŋu "to move" |
| dzoritsi | to wake up | jori "awaken" + -tsi reflexive |
| ebe | short | ebewr |
| ebu | to sleep | eobu |
| ebyeru | tree bark | ebǽru |
| ebyeruł | husk of a fruit | ebǽru + -l |
| edastan | of the Edastean peoples | reborrowing of Edástə "Ndak Ta" + -n |
| eddenilos | holy land (a formulation of some religious texts) | edewnin "holy" + los |
| Edossa | the Naidda language | Edástə "Ndak Ta" (latter is now Ñÿeru Edossa) |
| edya | tree | edéi |
| edyołas | forest | edéi + laš |
| Edzada | the Æðadĕ language; or one of its speakers (collq. and slightly despective) | Æð. Æðadĕ |
| egyottsa | stairs | egéi čeiŋ "up-walk" |
| ekɨ | blessing; third day of the week | (lu-) ekúi |
| Eklodo | Akelodo, the largest city of Lasomo | Æð. Æxloðo |
| ełpe | to melt (intr.) | elpe |
| ełpso | to melt (tr.); heat up | elpe + -so |
| ente | to be unsure | eomate "to guess" |
| Entsełde | historical name for Akelodo | Enčélade |
| epa | likeness | ewpa "statue" |
| epał | figurine | ewpa "statue" + -l |
| epe | to sit; stay | epé |
| Epɨm | a follower of Epɨmya in the religious sense, cf. Toło | epúonim "heathen" |
| Epɨmya | the religion of the Epɨm | Epɨm + -ya |
| eppa | light; easy | epaf |
| eps | destruction; to destroy | epš |
| epsło | encampment | epšilo "ruins" |
| ero | nasty (of behavior; weather; events) | Ndd. eddor "caustic" |
| es | six | eš |
| esko | hospitable | Æð. æþko |
| essen [pl. esnek] | to act; behave | ešen |
| etsa | to lose [a game; battle] | eočeiŋ "to stumble" |
| Etugga | the Etúgə religion | Etúgə |
| Etugenna | the Etúgə world | Etúgə + -enna |
| ewa | snake | ewa |
| fissas | criminal (n.) | fistaš "unlawful" |
| fogga | make; create | foga |
| foggał | small artwork; knicknack | foga "create" + -l |
| fogło | store; shop | fogalo "workshop" |
| Forło | a Fáralo language, or simply "language"; of Fáralo culture | Fáralo |
| forłobu | a Fáralo person (male) | forło + -bu |
| forłosa | a Fáralo person (female) | forło + -sa |
| gas | boat | gaos |
| gets | fourth day of the week | (lu-) geoč |
| gitsa-gitsa | wait a minute (intj.) | from Toło dialect; unknown origin |
| gɨppi | to answer; reply | guətu ebí "therefore say" |
| go [pl. gohek] | to reject; dismiss | gah "to mock" |
| goffats | crime | gafač |
| gonnin | elder brother | gonin |
| gossu | rabbit | gašu |
| gottats | galley | gatač |
| gotte | wood | gate |
| gotteł | floor | gatel "board" |
| gubbe | to let go; let out (from) | gube "to survive; escape" |
| gurima | to betray | Æð. gujrima |
| gwa | road | gou |
| gwedda | dream | goudah |
| gwegga | to break; rip | gouga |
| gyo | to; at | geirit |
| gyorit | until | geirit |
| gyopsa | sheep | geipša |
| hadɨ | out; outside of | hadír |
| handya | small town; village | Æð. hānðjĕ |
| Hayibbał | the Fáralo sphere (comprising former Huyfárah) | Hagíbəl |
| hebben | mumble | heben |
| hebu | single; particular; specific | hewbu "solitary" |
| hesom | coat | Æð. hesom "outer garment" |
| hessara | to organize; sort; tidy up | Æð. hestara |
| hewe | water, liquid | hewe |
| hinna | to lie | Æð. himna |
| hisłu | son | hislu "heir" |
| Hissɨna | northeastern Peilaš, beyond Huyfárah | Histuənə "Siixtaguna" |
| hitya | the physical world (Etúgə terminology) | hitugə |
| hɨbɨ | to cook | hiəbur "to boil" |
| hɨbu | frog | *hiəbu < hiebu |
| hɨm | cloud | hiəm |
| hɨnsa | to fix; tend to | huənšar "help; aid" |
| hɨte | strange; disconcerting | hiəteŋ "different" |
| Hɨwora | the old Fáralo nation; the entire Fáralo sphere (obs.) | Huyfárah |
| ho | meat | ha |
| hob | to eat | hab |
| hobasa | esophagus | hab "to eat" + harsa "tube" |
| hodzan | mountain pass | Æð. xōðan |
| hokez | caveat | Æð. xokez |
| hołnadu | republic | halenadu |
| howe | broth | ho hewe "meat-water" |
| howen | food | [mik] ha-oun "bread and meat" |
| hudde | eight | hude |
| Huppa | Sútapaj, a philosopher/saint of the Etúgə tradition | Hutaba |
| huz | rat | huz "mouse" |
| hwa | beach | hou "coast" |
| hwezzu | left (side) | houzuŋ |
| hya | blue | hei |
| hyoł | foreign country; unknown place | heil "foreign" |
| hyołbu | foreigner | heil + -bu |
| hyomma | wait; delay | heimə |
| hyotte | correct | heite "neat; proper" |
| ibbał | north | ibəl |
| ibbe | handle; use; operate | ibe "touch; use" |
| ibbu | weapon | ibu "tool" |
| idɨ | sea; ocean | idúəŋ |
| idɨnda | fisherman | idúəŋ-dau "sea-man" |
| idɨño | salt | idúəŋ-oa "sea-salt" |
| idÿe | arm | idwæ |
| iłseza | morning glory | Ndd. ilseza |
| iłts | black | ilč |
| iłtsaz | to forbid | ilč eiz "paint black" |
| iłtsazin | forbidden | iłtsaz + -in |
| Iłtsizɨme | the river that runs through Mɨdu | Ilčizúəme, from local Ndd. *ilči sume "black water" |
| igga | unknown thing; thingamajig | igə "which one" |
| igri | receive; let in; tolerate; put in place | igrih "absorb; dissolve" |
| ippa | to taste; smell | ipah "to perceive" |
| ippi | liver | ipi |
| irło | window | iru "to open" + -lo |
| isa | before | isə |
| isezzuł | to put forth; take; hold | isə ezul "take before" |
| issape | summer; (metaphorically) flourishing; success | išaupe |
| isso | cotton | Ndd. isceo |
| isyenna | salvation; the spiritual world | ifisænə |
| Ittizan | of the Hitatc peoples | Ad. Itatizan |
| iznɨs | gasp | izin uəš "suddenly breathe" |
| ɨb | month | iəb |
| ɨbweddu | one hundred | iəb + moudu "measure" |
| ɨda | term of address for men; "sir" | io "noble" + dau "male" |
| ɨdołyog | sunset; dusk | iodol "sun" + egág "put [down]" |
| ɨdruła | sunrise; dawn | *ɨdłuła < iodol "sun" + ulə "rise" |
| ɨlo | non-Etúge person | uwlo "barbarian" |
| ɨmya | yellow | uwméi |
| ɨmyał | egg yolk | uwméi + -l |
| ɨñe | term of address for women; "ma'am" | io "noble" + ŋæ title for elder peasants |
| ɨño | to kill | Ndd. ïño |
| ɨroppo | vinegar | ior apo "sour fruit" |
| ɨs | to breathe | uəš |
| ɨsala | noble house (in the northern states) | WF üšala |
| ɨseło | household; family; noble house (obs.) | io šælo "noble hearth" |
| ɨta | weigh; measure | iətə "hang; suspend" |
| ɨzi | pickled apple | ior zi "sour apple" |
| kałto | wind | kaltó |
| kattsa | aunt | kaotača |
| katya | gold | Ad. kātia |
| kawu | Etúgəist priest | kəwú |
| kaya | fog | kaogə |
| kayoddin | uncle (father's younger brother) | kaogádin |
| kaza-kaza | leave me alone (intj.) | from Toło dialect; unknown origin |
| kebbats | supper (evening meal) | kebač "dinner" |
| kełbo | item of clothing | B.Nz. kɛlbo "cloak" |
| kets | angry; annoyed | keoč |
| Ketsenna | the world | Kečǽnə |
| kettsem | to bless; dedicate; honor [a ceremony] | kečem |
| kippa | alcohol; booze | kipa "rice alcohol" |
| Kɨkkałto | the north wind | kuət kaltó "demon wind" |
| kɨnzo | good | Ndd. kïnzo "kind" |
| kɨta | demon | kuət - with possible interference by Ndd. kwɨda |
| kodda | to cover; paint over; a curtain | kodə |
| kodda | to work tirelessly | ekádə "to continue; persist" |
| kokło | border | kaklo |
| koppe | ages past; "way back when" | kape "last year" |
| koya | language | Ad. koia "tongue" |
| Kozyad | the nation of Kasca | Kazəgad |
| kozził [pl. kozlek] | to see; look at | kazil |
| kpɨma | smoke | kpuəma |
| kreta | to capture; seize goods | kreota |
| kros | brave (esp. in warfare); mighty | kraš |
| kryewa | breakfast | kræwa "porridge" |
| ku | spirit; mind | ku |
| kuffas | Etúgəist temple | kufas |
| kukka | hiccup | kuka |
| kumpeł | tomb | kumepél "graveyard" |
| kusryem | olive | kusræm |
| kussu | to cough | kušu |
| kuz | book | kuz "records; archives" |
| kuzło | cabinet; bookshelf | kuzlo "library; archive" |
| kwañopsi | brooch | B.Nz. kwəñápsi |
| kweñña | ring (jewelry) | B.Nz. kwɛña |
| kwin | sacred | kuin |
| kwo | awful, terrible | Ndd. kwå "stinky" |
| kwodmał | to break in (shoes, clothes) | Ndd. kwado'mal |
| kwosso | skin rash | Ndd. kwashor |
| kwuła | to speak | kouwə ulə "raise the tongue" |
| kya [stem -ekya] | egg | ekéi |
| kyedda | ash | kæda |
| kyelin | wool | kænil "hair" + -in |
| kyennił | hair (coll.) | kænil |
| kyewe | egg white | ekéi hewe "egg-water" |
| kyołu | tunic; shirt | keilu |
| kyonte | medicine | keipmate "herblore" |
| kyop | grass | keip |
| kyopło | field; meadow | keipło "pasture" |
| kyozze | snow | keize |
| lama | tall | laoma "long" |
| lasa | hour | by haplology from *lāsāsa < laršaošə |
| le | question particle; yes (informal) | loute "correct" |
| legga | word (esp. as a formula or declaration) | lega |
| leggał | to write | legal |
| legyossa | poetry; verse | legéiša |
| leł | to jot down; scribble | Ndd. lëål "write" |
| lepeło | throne | lu-epélo "the chair" |
| les | free (in legal sense); unattached; acting at will | lews |
| Lesfora | Lewsfárah, the southern Fáralo republican state | lews "free" + -fárah from Huyfárah |
| lesso | to set free; liberate | "cause to be free" |
| lestsa | steady; resolute; undeterred | lews čeiŋ "walking freely" |
| leswɨm | free (politically) | lews wiəm "living freely" |
| lette | yes | loute "correct" |
| lettse | eighth day of the week | (lu-) lečew |
| Lidɨ [Nanozza] | the ocean to the east of Peilaš | late F. lu-idúəŋ na-nazə "the eastern ocean" |
| liwu | loser | Æð. lwīvu |
| lizyuł | to shiver | lizegu "to shake" + dim. |
| lɨdoł | the sun | lu-iodol |
| lɨmu | smile; be pleased | liəmu |
| lobba | snub | labaf "ignore" |
| lod | good; honest | lad "healthy" |
| lodzu | history | lu-adulsu "the story" |
| lołpo | heal; cure | lalpo |
| lonte | quackery; nonsensical practice | ladmate "medicine" |
| Lonto | the Ici Forest | B.Nz. lo ntɔh "the forest" |
| loñeñga | ceremony | lu-oyŋǽŋga "something solemn" |
| los | land; nation; region | laš |
| losał | agreement; pact | lu-ošyal "proposal" |
| Losmu | the nation of Lasomo | Lašumu |
| loz | to shut | laz |
| luboz | sixth day of the week | lu-ubáz |
| Ludyoddin | the god of the Epɨm | lu-Deidin "the numinous" |
| lumessɨ | Namɨdu (collq.) | lu- + Ndd. mestïng "dialect" |
| lumbye | to act foolishly | luba mæ "believe a falsehood" |
| luñɨb | the moon | luŋ-iəb |
| lusek | personal name | lu-sek "the name" |
| lyod | year | leid |
| lyoło | birdcage | lei "bird" + -lo |
| lyosło | winter | leišolo "cold time" |
| lyosso | boring | leišo "cold" |
| lÿenna | hunger | lu-æna |
| madottɨ | to disapprove | madátuy "not allow" |
| madzen | something useless or ineffective | mau jæn "dull knife" |
| male | man, guy | Ndd. malë "old man" |
| malusme | houseboat | B.Nz. mlusɔmɛ |
| mamma | mother | baby-talk formation |
| mappÿa | astrolabe | mateboéi |
| mareła | to ignore; neglect | maróulə "not care for" |
| mas | hammer | marš |
| masa | cow milk | N.A. maisa |
| masere | to hate; despise | mašǽre "not love" |
| masobba | to miss; make a mistake | mašábə "not hit" |
| mayuttsił | to enjoy oneself; be leisurely; take one's time | makúčil "not rush" |
| me | to say (used for reported speech) | Ndd. me |
| mede | semen; to ejaculate | meode "spurt; splatter" |
| mekot | younger brother; subordinate | meokát |
| midzenna | to have an affair | midišǽna "to fornicate" |
| mezzeł | greet; say hello | mezel |
| mik | [loaf of] bread | mik |
| mipma | drugs (as a raw substance) | mipimə "dough" |
| mipi | nothing | mi pi "not [even] a fingernail" |
| mipoł | impolite | mipól "indecent" |
| mise | to give | mišǽf "to owe" |
| mitsen | cold | mi čæn "no fire" |
| mittsidde | to bake | mik ečíde "to cook bread" |
| mɨbzin | primitive | muəbazin "anarchic" |
| mɨdo | blind | miordo |
| Mɨdu | a major city | Miədu |
| mɨmisso | to bewilder; enchant | muymis "stupid" + -so |
| mɨpa | deaf | miopə |
| mo | color | Ndd. mo |
| mobbe | mouth | mabe |
| moddesen | violence; force | made ešen "violent action" |
| modu | chest | mordu |
| modu | in front of | umórdu |
| moła | full | mola |
| moła | to choose | molar "prefer" |
| mołna | to notice | molinə "to not not know" |
| moppał | magnet; compass | matibəl |
| mospo | penis | Ndd. mospo (has lost rude connotations) |
| mossin | urban; public; societal | mastin "governmental; public" AND mosin "civilized; urban" |
| moswe | harbor; port town | mosou |
| mots | kitchen | mač "table" |
| mottsud | slave | mačud |
| motya | the physically impossible (Etúgə terminology) | matugə |
| motyan | impossible | motya + -n |
| mowe | sex act | Ndd. måwë "to fellate" |
| mu | on; above | *wiəmú < wiəmu (stress shift via analogy with wægól) |
| mubba | worm | muba |
| mudzada | to take drugs (esp. hallucinogens) | Æð. mūðada |
| muła | ice | mula |
| mus | grow, become | mus |
| mussuta | ideology; belief | mušidutə |
| mya | trade; to trade | mei |
| mwa | skin | mou |
| mweddu | number; quantity | moudu "measure" |
| mweru | narrow | mouru |
| myebił | pastry; cookie | dim. of myebim |
| myebim | cake | Æð. mjebim "dough" |
| myeg | day | mæg "today" |
| myem | seven | mæm |
| myessa | cow | mæsa |
| myoł [pl. myołk] | to read | meil |
| myosko | drunk | Ndd. myåsko "to party" |
| nadɨ | in; at | nadír |
| nadɨlo | secret; hidden | nadírlo |
| nadyog | to put in | nadír egág |
| nanu | to separate; cut | naonu |
| nañga | split; schism | naoŋga |
| naplekɨ | goodbye (formal) | enouplu-ekúi < enóun pein lu-ekúi "go with blessing" |
| naro | horse (arch. or poetic) | narór |
| [koya] Nasomo | the Æðadĕ language | partial calque of Æð. Gujĕ æx Somo "language of Lasomo" |
| nazdya | next to; touching | na-zdeiŋ "at the fingers" |
| nazyoł | among; between | na-zegól "at the feet" |
| nełdzen | to tweak; adjust | neljæn "to twist" |
| negge | (the) best | nege "the most" |
| nes | sick; ill | neos |
| nił | nine | nil |
| niñi | pointless | Ndd. ni'ñi "pointlessly" |
| nɨlo | mass grave | niogalo "battlefield" |
| nɨma | condescending | nuəma "to boast" |
| nɨs | to cheat | nuəš |
| nɨya | war | nioga |
| nobbe | dark red (esp. as a heraldic color) | nabe |
| nobwima | clay | nabe wimə "red mud" |
| nogga | pagan god | nagə |
| nogga | interior; room | naga "inner" |
| noggu | bear (animal) | nagu |
| nogya | paganism | nogga + -ya |
| nokwi | (a) fur | B.Nz. nakwi |
| nokwimya | fur trade | nokwi + mya |
| noł | mouse | Ndd. nål |
| nołñu | to clean (one's house); tidy up | naluŋuh "to arrange; organize" |
| nom | small | Coastal Ndd. nam |
| nonnanu | to cut into small pieces | nom + nanu |
| nora | to exit (from a building) | Ndd. nodda "step out" |
| noskɨ | to take off; remove | naskuy "exile; cast out" |
| noyo | work; job | naei |
| noyu | noodles (now a staple) | nayu |
| nozza | east | nazə |
| nubazzi | religious epiphany; enlightenment | nubázi (reborrowing) |
| nweło | street | noulo |
| nwen [pl. nweñk] | to go; leave | noun |
| nwentsi | to forget | reflexive of noun "to go" |
| nyedde | to feel (an emotion); intuit | enǽde |
| nyemmu | red | næmuh "orange" |
| ñabba | toe | ŋeibə |
| ñadde | to clean | ŋeide "to wipe" |
| ñadɨbu | dog | ŋa-duəbu "sniffer" |
| ñagosso | leather | N.A. ngagôstad |
| ñalazbod | confusing (esp. visually) | ŋalər zebód "too many colors" |
| ñanɨma | jerk; asshole | ŋa-nuəma "boaster" |
| ñassis | traitor; enemy | ŋastís "villain" |
| Ñe | title for women; "Mrs."/"Ms." | ŋæ title for elder peasants |
| ñegłu | to accompany | B.Nz. ñedɛlu |
| ñenne | neck | ŋæne |
| ñi | two | ŋi |
| ñɨbuł | needle | ŋiəbul |
| ñɨne | neurotic; overly cautious | ŋuəne "prudent; cautious" |
| ñoł | more | ŋal "very" |
| ñołdzɨ | tall | ŋal jiə "very tall" |
| ñołyoł | flood | ŋalleil |
| ñonne | business connection | B.Nz. ñanɛ "connection" |
| ñopsa | thick; heavy | ŋapšə |
| Ñoru | of the Ngauro people | ŋouru (reborrowing) |
| ñosłok | idiot | ŋa-oslók "forgetter" |
| ñuffe | cat | ŋufew < N.A. ngufeu |
| ñura | brown | ŋura |
| Ñÿalo | the city of Ñolo in Kasca | Ŋourlo |
| ñÿeru | ancient | ŋouru |
| obbo | peccadillo; misdemeanor | Ndd. avå "break the law" |
| oddu | to come | odu |
| odoł | eye | ordo + -l |
| odwa | unclear | adwə "dark" |
| odza | to tell [a story] | adulsə |
| odzu | story | adulsu |
| oggu | happy | agu |
| ogło | inn; lodging; (euph.) brothel | odulo "destination" |
| ogyu | expectation; to expect | agiu "hope" |
| okmu | wax | akremu |
| okrem | seal; to seal closed | back-formation from akremu |
| olo | ugly (of views; objects) | Ndd. åilo |
| oł [pl. ołk] | to want; desire | al |
| ołdo | to inherit | oludo "deserve" |
| ołdu | inheritance; property (land; money) | oludu "deserts" |
| ołgo | despite; against; than | algo |
| ołmo | to steal; filch (esp. from a street vendor) | Ndd. ålmo |
| ołna | to not know | olinə |
| ołpo | to build; to craft; a craft | olpo "manufacture" |
| ołpu | craftsman | alpobu |
| ołtoł | storage area | atelol |
| Ołtu | a river of central Huyfárah | Oltu |
| ombe | thunder; to thunder | abunde |
| ombu | criminal | ammubu "thief" |
| oñan | unreachable | Ndd. ålña "to fly" + -in |
| oño | crayfish | Ndd. orñevo |
| oppał | ear | opə + -l |
| oppo | fruit | apo |
| optu | something unsettling; to be perturbed | apridu "horror" |
| opwo | a type of stew | N.A. [seu od] ópôxeu "meat and fruit" |
| oreł | to ignite | Ndd. oreål "to catch fire" |
| osał | to propose; suggest | ošyal |
| osawu | human sacrifice | oisawú < N.A. oisaxud |
| oso | play a game | Ndd. oiså "participate" |
| ospu | chief (of a tribe); leader (of a work group, etc.); head (of a queue, etc.) | ašubu "chieftain" |
| ossin | heavy | asin |
| otte | to guard | ate "to keep" |
| ottebu | a guard | otte + -bu |
| ottu | wealth | atu "possession" |
| ottun | wealthy | ottu + -in |
| Oypawa | Oigop'oibauxeu | Æð. Ojpavaw |
| pada | valley | pardə |
| pagu | horse | B.Nz. pə’águ "pack horse" |
| peppe [stem -epeppe] | breast | epépe |
| pesen | ready; alert | pea ešen "readily act" |
| pi | small thing; trifle | pi "fingernail" |
| piggał | main; primary | pigəl "first" |
| piła | to send | pila |
| piñña | chicken | Ndd. piña |
| pissił | dead | pišil "grey, pale" |
| pɨ | child (collq.) | pir "goat" |
| pɨdyemis | understand; realize | piədæmis |
| połge | orange (fruit) | Palge, a Kascan city which exports oranges |
| ponda | purple | Ndd. panada |
| poppu | disgust; to be disgusted | popu "fear" |
| potsna | to count | pačuna |
| potte | to find; obtain | epáte "to investigate; research" |
| pryen | to design | præn |
| pubbɨt | to attack | pubiət "to threaten" |
| puwa | nose | puwə |
| pwekku | snub; slight; insult | pouku "refuse; deny" |
| pwen | island | poun |
| pya | big; great | pei |
| pyen | bite; chew; kiss (inf.) | pæn |
| pyodde | loud | peide |
| Pyołas | the continent on which Mɨdu is situated | Peilaš |
| pyombu | (a) bourgeois; business owner | pei meibu "big trader", but often explained as pyon-bu "with-person" |
| pyomyeb | esoteric cult | peimæb "mystery" |
| pyon | with; having | pein |
| Pyopros | the Poráš river | pei "great" + Poráš |
| pyossa [stem -epyossa] | fish | epéiša |
| pÿeggo | waterfront | Ndd. pyuego "dock" |
| pÿen [stem -epÿen] | ball; lump | epoǽn |
| rał | to pour | raul "to fill" |
| re | smooth; flat; straight | rewŋ |
| rełga | hot | relga |
| rełgło | cauldron; cooking pot; stew | relga + -lo |
| rełsa | caretaker; nurse | roulə "care for" + -sa |
| reñał | platform; deck [of a ship]; storey | rewŋəl |
| Reñło | the plains of SW Huyfárah | rewŋlo "plains" |
| rettsɨs | menstruation | rečiəs |
| rezdowa | to waste time | Æð. rwezidova |
| rɨna | priest (non-Etúgəist) | ruənah |
| ro | ten | ro |
| rołña | to be insane | Ndd. rålña |
| rodda | to have; own | roda |
| roddu | possessions; property | rodu |
| rote | to eat (collq.) | Æð. rote |
| roznu | voter | rozaru |
| rubbo | to masturbate | Ndd. ruvïvo |
| rubosso | to haggle | Ndd. rubåsto "be agressive" |
| rud | member; citizen; person; man (arch.) | rud "man" |
| rudza | woman (somewhat formal) | rud "man" + -sa |
| russan [pl. rusnek] | to slander | rušan "blame" |
| ryed | head | *ræd "large pot," back-formation from rædel |
| ryeddeł | jar; container | rædel |
| ryeł [pl. ryełk] | to ride [a horse] | ult. Gezoro *rɜ̃lɛk; final -k re-analyzed as pl. suffix |
| ryen | like; alike; as | ræpen "instead of" |
| ryeñu | instead of | ræpen "instead of" + ouŋu "without" |
| ryeppu | decoy; substitute | ræpenbu "person instead of [someone else]" |
| ryettu | to hear | rætu |
| ryommɨ | earthquake | reimur |
| sadwa | flatbread; sandwich | Ndd. saodwa |
| seggan | hurricane | Coastal Ndd. segan |
| sek | name; nickname; word | sek |
| sekka | to name; call | seka |
| seło | hearth; cooking fire; stove; home (poetic) | šælo |
| sełsa | dragonfly | selo "spear" + -sa |
| senat | minister; official | sernat |
| sesan | seventh day of the week | (lu-) seošan |
| sessɨ | to crown a ruler (in a monarchy) | šesuy |
| sestsinte | genealogy | seziči "to be born" + -nte (calque of Æð. sīramĕd) |
| Setek | a city | Sertek |
| setim | discuss; argue | eséotim |
| settsin | profitable; fortunate | sečasin |
| siggił [pl. siglek] | to urinate | sigil |
| siło | tooth | silo |
| sipa | crab-claw sail | Takuña sîpa |
| sipagas | type of ship | sipa + gaos "boat" |
| sira | prostitute | back-formation from siralo < Ndd. siddalo "brothel" |
| sis | mangy animal; cur; general insult | sis "dog" |
| sissa | general insult/profane exclamation | sissa "female dog" and/or Ndd. sisha "piss" |
| sisyozza | tomorrow [morning] | si-seiza "that morning" |
| sɨn [pl. sɨñk] | to drink | siən |
| sɨnsɨ | the day after tomorrow | sur na-sur "the tomorrow of tomorrow" |
| sɨs | good; kind (of actions or temperament) | šuys "merciful, compassionate" |
| sɨso | last night | si-išo "that night" |
| sɨts | both; each | siəč "separate; apart" |
| slora | to briefly forget | Ndd. sloira |
| smoło | gossip | Ndd. smalo "seamstress' parlor" |
| smote | farm | irregular abbr. of musmate "agriculture" |
| smotebu | farmer | smote + -bu |
| snon | land; ground | Ndd. snan |
| -so | causative suffix | soy "to cause" |
| sobren | clever person | Æð. sovren "expert" |
| sołan | fat | Ndd. shalan "obese" |
| sos | second day of the week | (lu-) sos |
| sossa | woman | sossa "nubile girl" |
| sotya | false knowledge (of the physical world - Etúgə terminology) | satugə |
| sozzi | onion | Ndd. sazi |
| stobi | funny appendages on hats - a fashion of the decadent 5th century | s- pl. + Ndd. tobi "antler" |
| suddzi | olive oil | suji "to press" |
| sussilos | neighboring country | sušin "neighbor" + los |
| swa | knee; corner; bend (in a road) | souŋ |
| swebło | bag; sack | Ndd. swëvlo |
| syep | to perform; effect; emit; utter; give (of acts; emotions; etc) | sæp "to give" |
| syet | money | sæt "gold" |
| syetya | virtue; morality | sætugə |
| syos | parasite | seiš "louse" |
| syoskaya | mist | "morning-fog" |
| syozza | morning | seiza "dawn" |
| te | with; by | eté |
| teg [stem -eteg] | thicket; cluster; patch; scattered group | etéwg "forest" |
| tekka | large crowd | teka "army" |
| tid | flea; speck | tid |
| tiddin | small; slight; insignificant | tid "flea" + -in |
| tikwa | anchor | tikóu "stone" |
| tikweł | stone; rock | tikóu + -l |
| tɨ | door | tir |
| tɨdu [stem -etɨdu] | metal | etíədu |
| tɨnsał | moment; second | tiəŋišəl dim. of "flash; spark" |
| tɨñño | stone (material) | Ndd. tïño |
| tɨpas | frame; doorway | tir "door" + paš "socket" |
| toł | light (n.), lamp; to shine; set alight | tol |
| Toło | a member of the ethnic subgroup that follows Epɨmya | Talo |
| tos | lawful; legal | taš |
| tosse | around; surrounding; during | etáše |
| tottsa | older sister | tača |
| tsa [pl. tsaññek] | to walk | čeiŋ |
| tsak | king | čaok |
| tsanizzu | outlaw; exile; fugitive | WF čanizzu |
| tsanno | to ask | čeino |
| tsapso | to sneeze | tsap (imit.) + -so |
| tse | one | če |
| tsebu | student | čeobu |
| tsek | to cast; scatter | ček "throw |
| tsełts | danger; risk | čelč |
| tsemmał | religious school; sect; faction | ičǽməl "study; knowledge" |
| tsennu | fire | čæn "fire" + -u |
| tsenso | to embarrass | čæn "to burn" + -so |
| tsessum | insignificant; pompous; over-stuffed | čæšum "powerful; great" (via sarcastic usage) |
| tset | to go bad (of milk etc.); perish; expire | ečét "to wilt" |
| tsił | barley | čil |
| tsiłsɨn | beer | "barley-drink" (calque from Ndd. sågïl) |
| tsittsi | lightning | čičih |
| tsɨpał | denounce; curse | čiəpal "whine; rant" |
| tsɨssɨnza | barely make it through | Ndd. cïstïnza "rough it" |
| tsɨza | respectful address for a woman (an archaism); "milady" | æč ioza "my lady" |
| tsoro | junk; worthless stuff | Ndd. coddo "dust" |
| tsure | some other time [to avoid commitment] | Ndd. cure "tomorrow" |
| twa | lake | tou |
| twełyo | duck | tou "lake" + lei "bird" |
| twen | hand | toun |
| twen | thin; slim | otóun |
| tyeddi | house; building; dwelling | tædi "shelter" |
| tyem | south | tæm |
| tyoñgas | punt (used for transportation on Mɨdu's canals) | teiŋgas |
| tyossał | pudenda (polite) | teiš "fold" + -l |
| tyottu | wide | teitu |
| Uboz | the Ndak mother goddess (Ombási) | Ubáz |
| uggas | storm | ugaš "be a storm" |
| uła | lift; pick up | ulə |
| ułga | taste | ulgə |
| uksɨ | to conspire; plot (a crime) | ukšúy "to covet, long for the forbidden" |
| uro | hostile; belligerent | Ndd. uddo |
| ussa | hello | source equivalent to Ndd. usa |
| Usso | the old capital of Huyfárah | Ussor |
| uyo | after | ugə |
| wamyeg | today | wa-mæg "this today" |
| waso | tonight | wa-išo "this night" |
| wasyozza | this morning | wa-seiza |
| wedde | vegetable | wede |
| weddɨbye | pickle (typically of root vegetables) | wede diəbæŋ "vegetable-preserve" |
| weddza | vixen; seductress | oudisa "witch" |
| wegga | in back of | ougə |
| wemmoł | younger sister | oumol |
| wemmu | older or distinguished woman, "lady" | oumu "mother" |
| weñña | ugly | ouŋa "vulgar" |
| weñu | without; except; but | ouŋu |
| weñÿebu | tired | ouŋu eobu "without sleep" |
| weppu | to remember | oupu |
| wes | friend | N.A. wêbes |
| wezzu | yesterday | ouzu |
| wiło [nom. siło] | house | wilo |
| wimma [nom. simma] | marsh | wimə "mud" |
| wizza | to make a commotion | wiza "to shout" |
| wizze | feast | Ndd. vize |
| wɨm | to live | wiəm |
| wɨmba | papyrus | Ndd. wïmva |
| wɨnseło | grill; to grill | wiəmu šælo "over the hearth" |
| wɨñgwe | bridge | wiəmu gou "over-road" |
| wɨñÿeło | city canal | wiəŋ noulo "wet street" |
| wobba | to strike (with an object) | wabə "to hit" |
| woddeł [pl. wodlek] | to wear (clothing) | wodel |
| wogga | peace; quiet | wagah |
| wogyo | shellfish | Ndd. wogïño "shell" |
| Wołdulas | the Fáralo kingdom centered on Ussor | WF Woldulaš |
| woñoł | shoe | Ndd. woñol "boot" |
| wos | to bury | waš "to dig" |
| wos | three | wos |
| wossats | trireme | wozgatač |
| wosse | this one; this person | waše |
| wozzon [pl. woznek] | to mess up | Ndd. wåzon "to sneeze" |
| wuł | country villa | Æð. vul "estate" |
| wuggu | to cast blame; find guilty | wugu |
| yak | all | ege "all" + ak "them" |
| yane | hidden; unclear; bizarre | eione "obscure" |
| yanente | esoteric study; mysticism | eione "obscure" + -mate |
| yati | week; calendar | eioti "day" |
| yebba | cool-witted; practical; smart | æba "sober" |
| yedda | corpse | æda |
| yedde | to stand | æde |
| yegłu | city; town | ædelu |
| yekka | air | ækə |
| yemmał | fly (insect) | æməl |
| yenna | hungry | æna |
| yeñało | army | æŋéilo "military" |
| yestsoł | bird | Ndd. yësco "songbird" + -l |
| yegwebbu | rebel; deviant | ægóubu "eccentric" |
| yettu | old; former | ætu |
| Yetwa | a district of Mɨdu | ætu aə "old swamp" |
| yob | green | abbr. of yobbał < eibəl |
| yobbin | very cold | eib "to freeze" + -in |
| yobbɨ | to swim | eibur |
| yodda | spring (season) | eibidə |
| yodÿetti | waterfall | eidu æti "falling river" |
| yog | put down; put away | egág "to put" |
| Yogga | the Eigə River | Eigə |
| yoha | stupid | N.A. ixoha |
| yokka | animal | eikə |
| yokku | to slaughter [an animal] | eiku "to kill" - meaning influenced by yokka |
| yoł [stem -eyoł] | foot, base | egól |
| yorya | string | Ndd. yaddiga |
| yossi | saw (tool) | Ndd. yasi or Ad. iāsi |
| yoweł | west | eiwəl |
| yoz | to paint | eiz |
| yozzu | paint, dye (n.) | eiz + -u |
| ÿa | wrong; no | yeÿá < ægóu "wrong" |
| ÿem | right (side) | oæm |
| ÿeppum | useless | wæpum "hollow" |
| ÿere | to love; enjoy | wære |
| ÿeta | of; for; about | wætə |
| ÿoł | below; under | wægól |
| ÿoło | garden; park | weilo |
| ÿosso | now | weišo |
| zera | copper | Ad. zēra |
| zetsan | pig | Æð. zæþṇ |
| zguruł | intestines | (pl. of guru "intestines" + -l) |
| zi | apple | Miwan zi |
| zin | wine | Ndd. zin |
| zmebło | countryside | (pl. of mebelo "farm") |
| znyoñɨbɨ | tea; tisane | zneiŋə hiəbur "to boil leaves" |
| zodwen | face | [lu-mabe] zordo-oun "the mouth and eyes" |
| zułk | cheese | Æð. zūlx |
| zuma | to loiter | Æð. zūma "to wait" |
| zyetya | immorality | huzyetya < huzǽtugə |