The horse and the sheep

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The horse and the sheep

The horse and the sheep is a fable alluding to the domestication of the horse by the speakers of Proto-Western c. -3500 YP

A horse on a hill saw some sheep. A woman was cutting away the wool of the first sheep, a child was milking the second sheep, a man was slaughtering a third sheep. On their fire, a third sheep was being cooked.
The horse said this to a sheep: It pains me to see humans using sheep like this.
One sheep said this to the horse: I want you to listen to me. It pains me to see the horse who runs swiftly being shot and eaten. Humans do not know how to use your swiftness. But next year they will know. Then you too will be the slave of the humans!
Having heard this, the horse fled into the plain.

Source

The horse and the sheep was written by Dewrad as an adaptation of Schleicher's fable [1], well-known in Indo-European linguistics.

Comparative translation

In Western linguistic tradition, grammars customarily include a translation of The horse and the sheep, giving this fable a similar role to that of the Tsinakan text in Edastean studies. This section presents a comparative overview of the first paragraph in all major Western languages.

Proto-Western

(c. -3500 YP)

  • Γʷeyeʔu tabe łãšiʔi mẽγuk čeldawata. ʔašẽʔi takʷaduʔu mẽγuʔu tʰula besawakʰiw, kʷelaʔi šiduʔu mẽγuγ γlaʔtawata, laʔi nałtuduʔu mẽγuγ wadžedzakata. Yawaʔu kʰayaʔu nat mẽcaduʔu mẽγuγ kʷekʷuta.
  • [ ˌɣʷɛ.jɛ.ʔu ˌta.bɛ ˈɬã.ʃi.ʔi ˌmɛ̃.ɣuk ˈʧɛl.da.wa.ta ‖ ˌʔa.ʃɛ̃.ʔi ˈta.kʷa.du.ʔu ˌmɛ̃.ɣu.ʔu ˌtʰu.la ˈbɛ.sa.wa.kʰiw | ˌkʷɛ.la.ʔi ˈʃi.du.ʔu ˌmɛ̃.ɣuɣ ˈɣɫaʔ.ta.wa.ta | ˌla.ʔi ˈnaɬ.tu.du.ʔu ˌmɛ̃.ɣuɣ ˈwa.ʤɛ.ʣa.ka.ta ‖ ˌja.wa.ʔu ˈkʰa.ja.ʔu ˌnat | ˈmɛ̃.ʦa.du.ʔu ˌmɛ̃.ɣuɣ ˈkʷe.kʷu.ta ]
  • hill-CONS on horse-ERG sheep-PL.ABS see-3.ABS.{I}-3.ABS.{III}. woman-ERG first-CONS sheep-CONS wool-ABS cut-3.ABS.{I}-3.ABS.{VII}, child-ERG second-CONS sheep-ABS.{edible} milk-3.ABS.{I}-3.ABS.{III}, man-ERG third-CONS sheep-ABS.{edible} kill-3.ERG-3.ABS.{III}. ANAPHOR-{human}-CONS fire-CONS above fourth-CONS sheep-ABS.{edible} cook-3.ABS.{III}

Steppe languages

Iŋomœ́ (c. -2000 YP)

  • Sœ:ké to, mœ́ŋhɯ: céudogu: sanhí. Tógoz mœŋhɯ́ etɯ́l vœ́sagog useŋí, siz mœ́ŋhɯ lódogu: kœló, ca nú:tɯz mœ́ŋhɯ újejagu: lo. Sœga:zó no: mœ́nhaz mœ́ŋhɯ kœ́gu:.
  • [ sœːˈké tɞ | ˈmœ.ŋʰɯː ˌce.u.dɞ.ɡuː sɐˈnʰi ‖ ˈto.ɡɞz mɞˌŋʰɯ əˈtɯl ˌfœ.sɐ.ɡɞɡ ʊ.səˌŋi | ˈsiz ˌmœ.ŋʰə ˈlo.dɞ.ɡuː kɞˌlo | ca ˈnuː.təz ˌmœ.ŋʰə ˈu.ɟə.ɟɐ.ɡuː ˌlo ‖ sɞ.ɡaːˈzo noː | ˈmœ.nʰɐz ˌmœ.ŋʰə ˈkœ.ɡuː ]
  • hill-ERG on sheep-ABSp see-E8-3>3C1 horse-ERG. first sheep-ERG 3POS-wool-ABS cut-E8-3>3C7 woman-ERG, second sheep-ABS(ed) milk-E8-3>3C1 child-ERG, and third sheep-ABS(ed) kill-E8-3>3C1 man-ERG. 3pPOS-fire-ERG above fourth sheep-ABS(ed) cook-E8-3C3

Hāňheliubľ‎ (c. -800 YP)

  • Šikāṭ hňē ef šērăħ măŋhā măŋhā. Ožăŋ ef fēšaħ hă taħes măŋhā dlā, kṣēn ef lārăħ šes măŋhā, tfadsiun ef īuvēħ noḍẹs măŋhā. Kēħe miunhes măŋhā kă ʔaʔāḍ.
  • [ ʃikæːʈʰ hɲ̥eː ef ʃeːɻɐʁ mɐŋ̥æː mɐŋ̥æː ‖ oʒɐŋ ef feːʃæʁ hɐ tʰæʁes mɐŋ̥æː dlæː | kʰʂeːn ef læːɻɐʁ ʃes mɐŋ̥æː | tʰfætsiʊ̯n ef iːʊ̯veːʁ noʈɤs mɐŋ̥æː ‖ kʰeːʁe miʊ̯es mɐŋ̥æː kʰɐ ʔæʔæːʈ ]
  • hill-LOC PAST horse see-3>3 sheep PL. woman-DIR PAST cut-3>3 GEN first sheep wool, child-DIR PAST milk-3>3 second sheep, man-DIR PAST kill-3>3 third sheep. cook fourth sheep 3p.GEN fire-LOC

Lake languages

Çetázó (c. -2000 YP)

  • Γwejúma ɬæñí meŋuk sujçeldagada. Açeni tagwaðú meŋú θula sujbesagadza, kwelé çidu meŋu sujγlatagada, lé naɬtuðu meŋu sujwaɟezagada, jawaó xajómek medzaðu meŋu sujkwegwuda.
  • [ ɣʷeˈjuː.mɑ ɬæˌɲiː ˈme.ŋuk suj.çel.dɑˈɡɑ.dɑ ‖ ɑˌçeˌni tɑ.ɡʷɑˈðuː meˌŋuː ˈθu.lɑ suj.be.sɑˈɡɑ.ʣɑ | kweˌleː ˈçi.du ˌme.ŋu suj.ɣlɑ.tɑˈɡɑ.dɑ | leː nɑɬˈtu.ðu ˌme.ŋu suj.wɑ.ɟe.zɑˈɡɑ.dɑ | jɑ.wɑˌoː xɑˈjoː.mek meˌʣɑ.ðu ˌme.ŋu suj.kʷeˈɡʷu.dɑ ]
  • hill-LOC horse-ERG sheep-PL(ABS) PAST-see-3.ERG-NC2. woman-ERG first-OBL sheep-OBL wool(ABS) PAST-cut-3.ERG-NC3, child-ERG second(ABS) sheep(ABS) PAST-milk-3.ERG-NC2, man-ERG third(ABS) sheep(ABS) PAST-kill-2.ERG-NC2. ANA-NC1-OBL fire-INST fourth(ABS) sheep(ABS) PAST-cook-NC2

Óhylvídós (c. -900 YP)

  • Vij saf visúwék ghíbát moúgu susjildák. Ajimja sáwáhút mou am ipul supisák, pil sjíhút mou sughlaták, lamja naltúhút mou suvejíhák. Tjihaj sáf, médáhút mou sufégúk.
  • [ βíj sáɸ βí.suː.weːk ɣíː.baːt mó.uː.ɡu sú.çil.daːk ‖ á.jim.ja sáː.waː.huːt mó.u ám í.pul sú.pi.saːk | píl çíː.huːt mó.u súɣ.la.taːk | lám.ja nál.tuː.huːt mó.u sú.βe.jiː.haːk ‖ cí.haj sáf | méː.daː.hːut mó.u sú.ɸeː.ɡuːk ]
  • hill on horse some-NC2 sheep-PL PAST-see-3PL. woman first-NC2 sheep of 3SG-wool PAST-cut-3SG, child second-NC2 sheep PAST-milk-3SG, man third-NC2 sheep PAST-kill-3SG. 3PL-fire on fourth-NC2 sheep PAST-cook-3SG

Ayčasamo (c. 300 YP)

  • Wiy soh akše sušindoq ripa meʔüq. Ayimya sufisoq sowoʔu meʔüs iful; fil sułaθoq šiʔu meʔu; lamya suweyiʔoq nantüʔu meʔu. Čiʔay naθ, suhiqu mitoʔu meʔu.
  • [ wij sɔ ˈʔakše suˈʃin.dɔq ˌʁipa ˈmɛ.ʔʉ̞q ‖ ˈa.jim.ja suˈɸi.sɔq ˈsɔ.wɔ.ʔu ˈmɛʔ.ʉ̞s iˈɸul ‖ ɸil suˈɬa.θɔq ˈʃi.ʔu ˈmɛ.ʔu ‖ ˈlam.ja suˈwɛ.ji.ʔɔq nan.tʉ̞.ʔu ˈmɛ.ʔu ‖ ʧiˈʔaj naθ suˈhi.qu ˈmi.tɔ.ʔu ˈmɛ.ʔu ]
  • hill-DIR.SG on horse-DIR.SG PST-see-IND-3 some sheep-DIR.PL. woman-DIR.SG PST-cut-IND-3 first sheep-GEN.SG 3SG-wool-DIR.SG, child-DIR.SG PST-milk-IND-3 second sheep-DIR.SG, man-DIR.SG PST-kill-IND-3 third sheep-DIR.SG. 3PL-fire-DIR.SG above PST-cook-IND fourth sheep-DIR.SG

Šetâmol (c. -500 YP)

  • Lai pid wereîmok syjmápad mufiuk syjlawósasagadak. Ajýn tagazudóm múfiúm sur sukasyjzaragák; lag šizudóm múfiúm latal sukasyjîsazagai; ul nátuzud múfi sukasyjwajizagad. Jawagúm hajómok mezazud múfi sukasyjhajópad.
  • [ la.í píd we.ɾe.iː.mók syj.maˑ.pád mu.fi.úk syj.la.woˑ.sa.sa.ɡaˌdak ‖ a.jýˑn ta.ɡa.zu.dóˑm muˑ.fi.úˑm súɾ su.ka.syj.za.ra.ɡáˑk | láɡ ʃi.zu.dóˑm muˑ.fi.úˑm la.tál su.ka.syj.iː.sa.za.ɡa.í | úl naˑ.tu.zúd muˑ.fí su.ka.syj.wa.ji.za.ɡád ‖ ja.wa.ɡúˑm ha.joˑ.mók me.za.zúd muˑ.fí su.ka.syj.ha.joˑ.pád ]
  • horse REL-NC2 hill-LOC PAST-be:located-NC2 sheep-PL:ABS PAST-see-3PS:ERG-NC2:ABS-PL. woman:OBL first-NC2-LOC sheep-LOC wool PROG-PAST-cut-3PS:ERG-NC4:ABS; child second-NC2-LOC sheep-LOC milk PROG-PAST-take-3PS:ERG-NC6:ABS; man third-NC2 sheep PROG-PAST-kill-3PS:ERG-NC2:ABS. 3P-NC1-LOC fire-INS fourth-NC2 sheep PROG-PAST-cook-NC2:ABS

Shtåså (c. -600 YP)

  • Vejim senji sysahispgakt hibak njenkyk. Šenji syckvesgadð tabðuo njenkuo þul; felj syckhlatgad šiðy njenky; lji syckwejsgad tuðy njenky. Jaby hašank syckfebyd njedðy njenky.
  • [ve.jim se.ɲi sʉ.sa.hisp.kakt ɲeŋ.kɨk ‖ ʃe.ɲi sʉtʃ.kfe.skadð tab.ðu.ʔɒː ɲeŋ.ku.ʔɒː θul | feʎ sʉtʃ.klat.kad ʃi.ðɨ ɲeŋ.kɨ | ʎi sʉtʃ.kwej.skad tu.ðɨ ɲeŋ.kɨ ‖ ja.bʉ ha.ʃaŋk sʉtʃ.kfe.bʉd ɲe.dðɨ ɲeŋ.kɨ ]
  • hill-LOC horse-ERG PAST-see-3ERG-NC2.pl some-ABS.pl sheep-ABS.pl | woman-ERG PAST-PROG-cut-3ERG-NC3 first-OBL sheep-OBL wool(ABS) | child.ERG PAST-PROG-milk-3ERG-NC2 second(ABS) sheep(ABS) man.ERG PAST-PROG-kill-3ERG-NC2 third(ABS) sheep(ABS) | 3pl.OLB fire-INST PAST-PROG-cook-NC2 forth sheep.(ABS)

Hośər (c. -600 YP)

  • Hośəm śəśirə śivąk meŋk śɛldąhąhar. Śenə tąharə meŋə sul vesąhąhas, kolə śir meŋ hlatąhąhar, larə nǎśtur meŋ kihąhąhar. Śarə haśəm tǎ msar meŋ kǫhąhor.
  • [ ˈχoʃə̃m̥ ʃəˈʃiɾə ˈʃivɑˤq mɪ̃ŋk ˌʃɛɫtˤɑˤħɑˤˈħɑɾ̥ ‖ ˈʃenə tʰˤɑˤˈħɑɾə ˈmẽŋə sʊl̥ ˌvesɑˤħɑˤħˈɑs | ˈkolə ʃɪɾ̥ mɪ̃ŋ̥ ˌχlatʰˤɑˤħɑˤˈħɑɾ̥ | ˈlaɾə nɐʃˈtʰʊɾ̥ mɪ̃ŋ̥ ˌkʰiχɑˤħɑˤˈħɑɾ̥ ‖ ˈʃaɾə ˈχaʃə̃m̥ tʰɐ m̥sɑɾ̥ mɪ̃ŋ̥ ˌkʰʌˤħɑˤˈħʊɾ̥ ]
  • hill-INSTR horse-OBL some-ABS.PL sheep-ABS.PL see-PAST-3.OBL-NC2. woman-OBL first-OBL sheep-OBL wool-ABS.SG PAST.cut-PAST-3.OBL-NC3, child-OBL second-ABS.SG sheep-ABS.SG milk-PAST-3.OBL-NC2, man-OBL third-ABS.SG sheep-ABS.SG slaughter-PAST-3.OBL-NC2. ANA-OBL fire-INSTR on fourth-ABS.SG cook-PAST-NC2

Coastal languages

Proto-Coastal-Western (c. -1800 YP)

  • Ğejoʔu gòdu łèziʔi mòğuh dzeľdàbàgeta. ʔàzìʔi tagoguka mòğuʔu thula besàbàgotshu, geľeʔi zuduka mòğuh ğlaʔtàbàgeta, ľeʔi nolkuguka mòğuh wodzedzàbàgeta. Mètsoguka mòğuh gogùzèʔajèbàta, wułu khajoʔu tabe.
  • [ ɣe.jo.ʔu ɡò.du ɬè.zi.ʔi mò.ɣuh ʣeʎ.dɐ̀.bɐ̀.ɡe.tɐ ‖ ʔɐ̀.zì.ʔi tɐ.ɡo.ɡu.kɐ mò.ɣu.ʔu tʰu.ɫɐ be.sɐ̀.bɐ̀.ɡo.ʦʰu | ɡe.ʎe.ʔi zu.du.kɐ mò.ɣuh ɣɫɐʔ.tɐ̀.bɐ̀.ɡe.tɐ | ʎe.ʔi noɫ.ku.ɡu.kɐ mò.ɣuh wo.ʣe.ʣɐ̀.bɐ̀.ɡe.tɐ ‖ mè.ʦo.ɡu.kɐ mò.ɣuh ɡo.ɡù.zè.ʔɐ.jè.bɐ̀.tɐ | wu.ɬu kʰɐ.jo.ʔu tɐ.be ]
  • hill-SG.CON on horse-SG.ERG sheep-ABS see-REP-3.SG.ERG-VI. woman-SG.ERG first-VI sheep-SG.CON wool-SG.ABS cut-REP-3.SG.ERG-VIII, child-SG.ERG second-VI sheep-ABS milk-REP-3.SG.ERG-VI, man-SG.ERG third-VI sheep-ABS kill-REP-3.SG.ERG-VI. fourth-VI sheep-ABS cook-PASS-REP-VI, IX--PL.CON fire-SG.CON on

Ìletlégbàku (c. -900 YP)

  • Gbùdù sheyáku leshì mùxùcheidèbègète. Ashè tagbàgbùte mùxuu tíwe besèbègbàchí, geyè sìdùte mùxù xwátèbègète, yà nùkpugbùte mùxù wuchecèbègète. Chíwalu káyáku tabè mecagbùte mùxù gbùgbushekéyèbète.
  • [ ɡ͡bù.dʉ̀ ʃɛ.já.kʉ ɬɛ.ʃì mù.ɣʉ̀.tʃɛj.dɛ̀.βɛ̀.ɡɛ̀.tɛ ‖ ɑ.ʃɛ̀ tɒ.ɡ͡bɒ̀.ɡ͡bʉ̀.tɛ mù.ɣuː tʰí.wɛ bɛ.sɛ̀.βɛ̀.ɡ͡bɒ̀.tʃʰí | ɡɛ.jɛ̀ sì.dʉ̀.tɛ mù.ɣʉ̀ xwá.tɛ̀.βɛ̀.ɡɛ̀.tɛ | jɒ̀ nù.k͡pʉ.ɡ͡bʉ̀.tɛ mù.ɣʉ̀ wu.tʃɛ.tsɛ̀.βɛ̀.ɡɛ̀.tɛ ‖ tʃí.wa.ɮʉ kʰá.já.kʉ tɒ.βɛ̀ mɛ.tsɒ.ɡ͡bʉ̀.tɛ mù.ɣʉ̀ ɡ͡bù.ɡ͡bʉ.ʃɛ.kʰé.jɛ̀.βɛ̀.tɛ ]
  • on hill-OBL.SN horse-DIR sheep-DIR see-REP-3p.ERG-VI. woman-DIR first-VI sheep-OBL.SN wool-DIR.SN cut-REP-3p.ERG-VIII, child-DIR second-VI sheep-DIR milk-REP-3p.ERG-VI, man-DIR third-VI sheep-DIR kill-REP-3p.ERG-VI. that-IX-OBL.PL fire-OBL.SN on fourth.VI sheep-DIR cook-PAS-REP-VI

Ishoʻu ʻOhu (c. -450 YP)

  • Shèsiʻi hedoʻu dabé sibogo mòhu zédábògogé. ʻÀsìʻi dagógú mòhuʻu chula béabèzigé; gedeʻi suzhúgo hoadabògogé; deʻi nogugúgo gozézábògogé. Mèzogú mòhu gógúbògogé gohu kadoʻu pazhé.
  • [ ɕè.si.ʔi he.do.ʔu da.bé si.bo.ɡo mò.ɸu dzé.dá.bò.ɡo.ɡé ‖ ʔà.sì.ʔi da.ɡó.ɡú mò.ɸu.ʔu tɕʰu.ɫa bɛ́.bè.dzi.ɡé | ɡe.de.ʔi su.dʑú.ɡo hɔ.da.bò.ɡo.ɡé | de.ʔi no.ɡu.ɡú.ɡo ɡo.dzé.dzá.bò.ɡo.ɡé ‖ mè.dzo.ɡú mò.ɸu ɡó.ɡú.bò.ɡo.ɡé ɡo.ɸu kʰa.do.ʔu pʰa.dʑé ]
  • horse-sg.ERG hill-sg.CON on some-VIII sheep-pl.ABS see-HSY-VIII-3sg.ERG. woman-sg.ERG first sheep-sg.CON wool-sg.ABS cut-HSY-IV-3sg.ERG; child-sg.ERG second-VIII milk-HSY-VIII-3sg.ERG; man-sg.ERG third-VIII slaughter-HSY-VIII-3sg.ERG. fourth sheep-sg.ABS cook-HSY-VIII-3sg.ERG VIII-pl.CON fire-sg.CON above

Doayâu (c. -500 YP)

  • Sàrì bàyu tau daidùgùtea mâugú. Túlugasùgùtea ìrì tugauta, lítùgùtea galai ruyùta, garadùgùtea lai naupùta. Sakáyauní baumùreayàgùta màtsauta mâu.
  • [ sà.ɾì bà.ju tɑ̀ʊ dɑ̀ɪ̰.ðù.ɣù.tèɐ̰ mɑ́ʊ.ɡú ‖ tʰú.lu.ɡa.sù.ɣù.tèɐ ʔì.ɾì tu.ɡɑ̀ʊ.ta | lʲí.tù.ɣù.tèɐ̰ ɣa.lɑ̀ɪ̰ ɾu.jù.ta | ɡa.ɾa.dù.ɣù.tèɐ̰ lɑ̀ɪ̰ nɑ̀ʊ.pù.ta ‖ sa.kʰá.jɑ̀ʊ̰.nʲí bɑ̀ʊ̰.mù.ɾèɐ.jà.ɣù.ta mà.tsɑ̀ʊ.ta mɑ́ʊ ]
  • horse-ERG.SG on hill-ABS.SG see-REP-II.ABS-3.ERG sheep-ABS.PL. wool_cut-REP-II.ABS-3.ERG woman-ERG.SG one-ORD-II-ABS.SG, milk-REP-II.ABS-3.ERG child-ERG.SG two-ORD-II-ABS.SG, kill-REP-II.ABS-3.ERG man-ERG.SG three-ORD-II-ABS.SG. 3PL.ANIM-fire-OBL.SG=on cook-TEL-PASS-REP-II.ABS four-ORD-II-ABS.SG sheep-ABS.SG

Plateau languages

Gezoro (c. -2200 YP)

  • Miñuːm nɔlrɜ̃l kut guram ɛgrid riːm sikaːzet tsɔ gɜ̃pɔːzekat gipat mamɔk. Ɔla dɔːre tʰurbɛsɔkat takɔd mam, ker tseːre tʰɔːjaːtakat silidɔt, tsɔ rɔː tʰɔːre jasɔtʰakat naːtudɔt. Jɔmeɔːk kɛkʰɔe nɔnat, matsɔd mam tsatsɔr ɜ̃tɔːruːmat.
  • [ miˌɲuːm ˌnɔl.rɜ̃l kut ˌɡu.ɾam ˌʔɛ.ɡɾid ɾiːm siˌkaː.zet tsɔ ɡɜ̃ˌpɔː.ze.kat ˌɡi.pat ˈma.mɔk ‖ ˌʔɔ.la ˌdɔː.ɾe tʰuɾˈbɛ.sɔ.kat ˌta.kɔd ˌmam | ˌkeɾ ˌtseː.ɾe tʰɔːˈjaː.ta.kat ˌsi.li.dɔt | tsɔ ˌɾɔː ˌtʰɔː.ɾe jaˈsɔ.tʰa.kat ˌnaː.tu.dɔt ‖ jɔ.meˈɔːk ˌkɛkʰɔɪ ˌnɔ.nat | ˌma.tsɔd mam ˌtsa.tsɔɾ ʔɜ̃.tɔːˈɾuː.mat. ]
  • once_upon_a_time horse NARR hill 3SG.POSS-summit on stand-SRC-3.II and watch-SRC-3>3.II some-II sheep-PL. woman here shear-DIR-3>3.II one-ORD sheep, child there milk-DIR-3>3.II two-ORD-II, and man yonder slaughter-DIR-3>3.II three-ORD-II. person-PL 3PL.POSS-fire above, four-ORD sheep moreover cook-PASS-DIR-3.II

Valley languages

Empotle7á (c. -2000 YP)

  • Tlanátlam látátselláwamo wóé7ú tawe lané7í lámeŋu. Khuwésáwaŋá 7ásempí tawó meŋú thólá. Táwa7áwaŋá kolá7é siu meŋu. Táotletlawaŋá lá7é nallo meŋu. Tawowowaŋam éo7ú khé7ú na7 menao meŋu.
  • [ tɬa.ná.tɬɒm ɬá.tá.tseɬ.ɬá.wɒ.mo wó.é.ʔɯ́ tɒ.wœ ɬa.né.ʔí ɬɒ́.mœ.ŋɯ ‖ kʰu.wœ́.sá.wɒ.ŋá ʔá.sœm.pý tɒ.wóː mœ.ŋɯ́ː tʰɤ́.ɬá ‖ tɒ.wɒ.ʔá.wɒ.ŋá kɤ.ɬá.ʔé si.ɯ mœ.ŋɯ ‖ tá.ɤ.tɬe.tɬa.wɒ.ŋá ɬá.ʔé naɬ.ɬɤ mœ.ŋɯ ‖ tɒ.wo.wo.wɒ.ŋɒm é.ɤ.ʔɯ́ kʰé.é.ʔɯ́ naʔ mœ.ná.ɤ́ mœ.ŋɯ ]
  • once_upon_a_time PL-NC2-see-EVIDSTR-NC1 hill-CONS LOC horse-ERG PL-sheep. C5-cut-EVIDSTR-3sg.ERG woman-ERG first sheep-CONS wool. C2-milk-EVIDSTR-3sg.ERG child-ERG second sheep. C2-kill-EVIDSTR-3sg.ERG man-ERG third sheep.ABS. C2-cook ANA-C1-CONS fire-CONS with fourth sheep

Desert languages

Tmaśareʔ (c. -1800 YP)

  • Weyoʔ moʔ hąsiʔ twimeńo ćeltamąkta. Aśęʔ takwaro meńoʔ tola hesaʔcoyakće, kweleʔ śirotoʔ taya kwisaʔcoyakye, leʔ nahtorota ośśayakta. Cakwoʔ kayoʔ naʔ, męcaro meńo kwekwoyata.
  • [ ˌβ̞ɛ.jɔʔ mɔʔ ˈhɑ̃ː.siʔ tʷiˌmɛ.ɲʊ ˈʧɛɫ.tʌ.mɑ̃.ktʌ ‖ ˌɑ.ʃɛ̃ʔ ˈtɑ.kʷʌ.ɾʊ ˌmɛ.ɲɔʔ ˌto.ɫʌ ˈhɛ.sɑʔ.ʦʊˌjɑ.kʧe | ˌkʷɛ.lɛʔ ˈɕi.ɾʊ.tɔʔ ˌtɑ.jʌ ˈkʷi.sɑʔ.ʦʊˌjɑ.kje | lɛʔ ˈnɑx.tʰʊˌɾo.tʌ ˈoʃ.ʃʌˌjɑ.ktʌ ‖ ˌʦɑ.kʷɔʔ ˈkɑ.jɔʔ nɑʔ | ˈmɛ̃ː.ʦʌ.ɾʊ ˌmɛ.ɲʊ ˈkʷɛ.kʷʊ.jɑ.tʌ ]
  • hill-GEN at horse-ERG some=sheep-ABS see-REP-3>3.II. woman-ERG one-ORD sheep-GEN wool-ABS cut-away-VIS-3>3.V, child-ERG two-ORD-II-GEN milk-ABS squeeze-away-VIS-3>3.VI, man-ERG three-ORD-II-ABS kill-VIS-3>3.II. PROX.I.PL-GEN fire-GEN above, four-ORD sheep-ABS cook-VIS-3.II

See also