Æðadĕ/Lexicon

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Extended Æðadĕ Lexicon

  • All words are given in the simplified orthography, using <p t k> instead of <ph th kh>.
  • Items marked with a star* were already present in the original language description by ebilein.
  • The citation form of verbs is the present indicative plural. Verbal stems are always given as well, even if they do not differ from the citation form. In contrast, verbal nouns are given only if they differ from STEM+SUFFIX -jĕn. Voicing alternations of verbal stems are regular and therefore not included.

See also:

Etymology:


929 words. Still to do:

  • More derivations
  • More loans from Ndok Aisô (should be c. 20% of total)


word stem type meaning etymology
abaz* n. fish apâza
abæza* abæz- v. to make āpáza-
abena* aben-/pen-, abenjĕn v.irr. to cry apêna-
abjab adj. light (not heavy) epiâp
āboz n. workshop āpōza
aðar adj. dirty Adh. *àḋarr
aðuna* n. girl adûnā
ajnilo n. military, army F. æŋéilo
Akav top. Akhab (a city in Lasomo) N.A. ak'ab
ālexðu n. constitution ālēgadu "the Laws" (honorific)
aljola aljolĕ- v. to motivate Adh. *àly-oıll "to bring fire"
ālu adj. ugly ālu
āmew n. insect N.A. ameu
āmoða āmoð- v. to march āmoda- "to walk"
āne adj. common, ordinary ānē
anja n. donkey B.Nz. əña "animal"
ānja ānjĕ- v. to fly ānia-
āpu* n. country-dweller āphu
ārel n. politics (back-formed from ārelvu, analogous to Nam. areł)
ārelvu n. opposition ārēlibu "the opposing ones"
āriza ārizĕ-, ārizjĕn v. to fear ārida- "to be horrified" (-z- by analogy with other z-verbs)
ārmo n. wax āremo
āser adj. boring āsēra "normal"
aspa n. detail; trifle B.Nz. ɔspah "status symbol"
āt adj. feeble, weak-minded āthe
atejmo adj. perfect Mav. atejemo "beautifully"
atewðĕ adj. ironic Mav. ateoðê "with salt"
āti n. day āthi "daytime"
āva āvĕ- v. to melt āpaba-
Awsevew top. Northern Lasomo N.A. axôltseubeu
āxo adj. sweet āxo
āxoj n. battle N.A. agoi
āz* n. city-dweller āza
æbe* æb- v. to sit ápe-
æbej n. fruit apei
æbo cj. because of apō
æbunin* n. heretic apūnin
æd* pp. with, using ate
æda æd- v. to stop ata-
ædax n. forest atāx
Ædax Dæli top. the Tal forest atāx tali
Ædax Peþṇ top. the Ici forest atāx pētan
ædaxewla* ædaxewlĕ- v. to rape atāxeula-
ædiz adj. true atiza
ædom adj. complex; meaningful (back-formed from ædomĕd)
ædomĕd n. literature; philosophy atomata "complex" (reanalyzed under influence of -mĕd "-ology" and ædusa- "to tell")
Ædosa ethn. Naidda Nam. edossa
ædusa ædusĕ- v. to tell atūsa-
ædzĕn* n. penis atezan
ædzu adj. controllable; secure adezu "safe"
Æðadĕ n. Adāta (with qualifiers: any Dāiadak language) ádāta
æðerta æðertĕ- v. to shout adēreta-
æði* v.irr. to be adi- (PRES.PL of athe-)
æðjĕ adj. dark, dark-coloured adia
æðlið n. determination adalida "energy"
æðnĕma æðnĕmĕ-, æðnĕmjĕn v. to breathe adenama-
æðulva æðulvĕ- v. to sort adulaba- "to arrange"
æflo* n. rain apelo
æg* n. wind aka
æga* pp. against (back-formed from ægarĕn "enemy")
ægarĕn* n. enemy akāran
æjðlu n. town, urban settlement (any) F. ædelu "city"
æjulo n. marketplace aiūlō
ækuxina ækuxin- v. to commit suicide Adh. èchuċeınn
æl* pp. without al
æli n. fire ali
æliz n. hearth, fireplace aliza
ælizĕðu* n. temple alizadu
ælna ælnĕ- v. to revolt alena- "to split"
æs n. blood ase
æsu adj. main F. ašu "chief, supreme" (adj.)
æte* v.irr. to be athe-
æto adj. old, senior (people) atho
Ætugĕ n. the Etúgə religion Nam. etugga
æþko adj. friendly, hospitable Mav. atekorô "friendly" (-ro dropped due to confusion with subject marker)
Æþle top. Athalē (the city) athalē
æþlo n. funeral atalō
æþpi adj. smart, cunning adapi
æva* æv- v. to sin aba-
ævi* ævi- v. to say abi-
ævigi adj. necessary, required abīki
ævize æviz- v. to sing abize-
ævja ævjĕ- v. to bloom, to flourish abia-
ævob n. music abop
ævoð n. color abod
ævoj n. title N.A. êboi "name"
ævro n. bark abaro
ævuda ævud- v. to distract oneself ababu "illegitimate child" + -ta (causative)
ævuje* ævujĕ- v. to catch; to hold abuie- "to capture"
ævura ævur-, ævurĕjĕn v. to decide abura-
ævuz adv. recently abuza
æx* pp. of ax
Æxloðo top. Akelodo akelodo (official name)
æxsa æxsĕ- v. to continue akasa-
æzdĕ adv. greatly asada
æzjo æzjo- v. to hope azio-
æzur adj. unusual azura
babæza* babæz- v. to name papáza-
bāmpi n. secret pāmaphi
bān adj. round pān
bāna bān- v. to bite pāna-
bāpul adj. scary, frightening iapāphul
bāv n. sand pābe
bawta bawt- v. to fasten; to consolidate, to confirm B.Nz. bawo "root, anchor" + Ad. -ta (causative)
bædoba bædobĕ- v. to conquer patopa- "to smash"
Bæljĕ top. Påwe palie
bæs n. chair pas
bæso* bæso- v. to attack (in war) paso-
bi bi- v. to meet (of councils) F. epé "to sit"
bib adj. last pepa
bija biĕ- v. to defecate pea-
bijĕska bijĕskĕ- v. to send away peiasaka- "to exile"
bilæza* bilæz- v. to send piláza-
bira* adj. brave perā
birajĕ n. main room (of a house) pirâia
birvu n. general, military commander perabu "knight"
bisa bis- v. to lose (things) pesa- "to drop, to let go of"
bita bit- v. to defeat petha-
bitu adv. apart pethu
biþta biþtĕ- v. to prepare; to educate peda "ready" + -ta (causative)
bjeb adj. useful pipa
Bjebu top. Azbǽbu Nam. azbyebbu (*az- dropped due to confusion with genitive preposition)
bjen adj. low pin
bjena bjen- v. to demand, to request Nam. byenna "to ask; to beg"
bjer* n. goat pir
bjesi bjesi- v. to be shocked pisi- "to pale"
bjeþmiza bjeþmiz-, bjeþmizĕjĕn v. to understand pithamiza-
bjezḷ adv. early pizel
bōbo bōbo- v. to refuse pōpo-
brāmĕd n. architecture F. prænmate
būfta būftĕ- v. to threaten pūbata-
bun n. island pon
bunin n. vegetable ponin
Burujĕ top. Buruya burūia (partially reborrowed)
bwegu bwegu- v. to be addicted puku- "to be tempted"
bwejĕ n. nose puia
bwemṇ n. smoke puman
dæ* dæ-, dājĕn v. to become ta-
dæn n. south tan
dærṇ n. daughter taran
dālew n. gap in one's knowledge; the unknown N.A. tableu "foreign" (adj.)
dāti n. shield tāthi
dāvma dāvmĕ- v. to suggest; to hint at tābama- "to imply"
dāxo dāxo- v. to rebel tāxo-
dejke dejk-, dejkĕjĕn v. to compel, to coerce tikhe-
dēv adv. together tēba
dig n. platoon F. teka
dijo* dijo-, dijĕjĕn v. to pull teio-
dino n. salt Nam. idɨño
dito adj. vast, large; open (landscape) tetho "wide"
dizna diznĕ- v. to become engaged to tizana- "to marry"
djedi* n. flea titi
djeko n. stone tikhō
dōjz adj. false atôiza
dōli dōli- v. to stagger, to stumble tōli- "to be clumsy"
dosa dosĕ- v. to pursue; to assassinate Nam. dos
dū* dwe-, dijĕn v.irr. to drink tū- "to eat"
dūda dūd- v. to spoil, to pamper tus "home" + -ta (causative)
dūmvi adj. homeless; stray tus "home" + -mebi (privative)
dun* n. hand ton
dunaza dunazĕ-, dunazjĕn v. to avoid, to prevent tuanáza-
dūrṇ adj. safe tūran
dwedu dwedu- v. to impress tutu- "to amaze"
dwelo n. table tulō
dwesta dwestĕ- v. to adapt, to accommodate tus "home" + -ta (causative)
ðāð n. this year dād
Đājðĕg ethn. Dāiadak dāiadak
ðālo n. discussion, debate dālō "argument, disagreement"
ðān n. mountain dān
ðāsur n. honey dāsur
ðæj* n. goddess dai
ðæl* cj. but dal
ðæmo n. capital city damō
ðæpew n. young (of an animal) N.A. dêfeu
ðærma ðærmĕ- v. to warn darema-
ðætjawk n. princess dathiauk < F. dačaok
ðej n. finger dei
ðema n. festival, party (secular) Adh. *ḋèmah
ðēmo ðemo- v. to hunt dēmoxa- (*-xa- dropped to regularize with ðēmovu)
ðēmovu n. hunter dēmōbu
ðig adj. numinous deka
ðijo adj. righteous; traditional deiō "good" (with interference from dīō "usual")
ðin n. reason dene
ðipi* n. child dephi
ðjegon n. issue dikon "thing"
ðjepja ðjepjĕ- v. to store; to keep diphaia-
ðjepjĕz n. closet, storage room V.Ad. *diphaiaza
ðjesk* n. king, reigning prince dizaka
ðjeska* n. queen, reigning princess dizakā
ðjeskĕlĕs* n. principality, kingdom dizakalas
ðjezla ðjezlĕ- v. to bribe dizedela-
ðjezva ðjezvĕ- v. to imagine dizoba-
ðō* num. five dō
ðōdin* adj. holy dōtin
ðōro* num. fifty dōro
ðōze* adj. white dōzē
ðūgo adj. bitter (emotion) dūko
ðūn adj. pure adûn
ðweja ðwejĕ- v. to praise duia-
ðwema ðwem- v. to regret dúama-
ðwepo ðwepo- v. to smell dupho-
ēbi* ēbi- v. to freeze ēpi-
ēda ēd- v. to have ēta-
ēdza ēdzĕ- v. to need ēdaza-
eĕv* n. man, husband ēab
efi efi- v. to joke Aθ. éffi "to be humorous"
ēga n. sir; madam (respectful address) N.A. engge
ēginĕz n. kitchen ēkīnaza
ēginvu n. cook ēkīnabu
egmala egmal- v. to distribute F. egemalə "everywhere"
ēj* n. snow ēi
ējvu n. artist ēibu
ēna ēn-, ēnĕjĕn v. to farm ēna-
enzĕba* enzĕb-, enzĕbĕjĕn v. to strike ēnazapa-
Epim n. a follower of the Epɨm religion Nam. epɨm
ērava ērav- v. to describe ērâba-
ēri ēri- v. to destroy ēri-
ēriz n. ruins ēriza
ērna ērnĕ- v. to scratch ērana-
ēro* num. sixty ēro
erto erto- v. to listen eratho-
eþtu eþtu- v. to suffice; to fit Aθ. éθtu
ēsu ēsu- v. to promise ēsu-
ēvoz n. tavern ēboza
ēxe ēx-, ēxĕjĕn v. to clean ēxe-
Ēz top. the Eigə river ēza
fēli adj. extraordinary Tl. featli "unique"
foða cj. either/or Aθ. fóθa
Fora ethn. southern Fáralo (back-formed from læsfora)
gādojĕ n. door kātōia "greeting-place"
gājĕ n. school kāia "religious school"
gājĕtjesum n. university Adh. cáıjatsiaıswṁ (calque: "great school")
Galðu top. Akelodo V.Ad. *akelodô (with Ndok Aisô stress pattern; dialectal term)
gālĕs* n. border kālas
gāpu n. apprentice kāphu
gāro* n. friend kārô
gātjĕ n. gold kātia
gātu n. slut kāthu
gæb* n. last year kapa
gæpi gæpi- v. to announce, to declare kaphi-
gæsun* adj. powerful kasun
gæsus* adj. nearby kasus
gæzjo adj. hopeless kazio
gēgi adj. risky kēki "dangerous"
gēj n. plant (back-formed from gējmĕd "botany")
gējmĕd n. botany F. keipmate "herblore"
gēl* n. scribe kēla
gi* num. one ke
giga* gig- v. to throw keka-
gija gijĕ- v. to walk keia-
gipura gipurĕ- v. to pioneer; to pave the way for kephura- "to be reckless"
gisu adj. dangerous kesū "unsafe"
gitjĕna gitjĕnĕ- v. to be ambitious F. kečem "honour, reputation"
gitu n. skeptic kethu
gjefla gjeflĕ- v. to complain kiphala-
gjeflo n. inn, hostel kiphalō
gjegiga gjegig- v. to lightning kikika-
gjel n. barley kil
gjestu adj. difficult kisethu "tricky"
gjeto adj. gentle, careful kitho "kind"
gjevaza gjevaz- v. to tie kibaza-
gjeve gjev- v. to connect kibe-
gjez n. bushel (unit of grain) kiza
gojpex n. mistake N.A. koipegê "to assume incorrectly"
gokaza gokazĕ-, gokazjĕn v. to take revenge kokháza- "to be enraged"
gōloga gōlog- v. to hate kōloka- "to dislike"
gōmi gōmi v. to reprimand kōmī-
guda gud- v. to cover up, to deny kota- "to cover"
gudo gudo- v. to expect koto-
gugal adj. tame kukâl
gujĕ n. language, tongue koia
Gujĕ æx Somo n. Æðadĕ koia ax lasomo
gujrima gujrimĕ- v. to betray koirimana- "to desert, to let down"
gul adj. funny kola
gūla gūl- v. to apologize kūla-
gumaza gumaz- v. to sue kumáza-
gupeja gupejĕ- v. to assume, to suppose F. kuəpéigə
gupiza gupiz- v. to believe kuphéza-
gutaza gutaz- v. to steal kutháza-
gwed n. demon F. kuət
gwela gwel- v. to find out kula- "to be smart"
gwemza gwemzĕ- v. to repair kumaza-
gwen adj. sturdy, solid kun
gwepa gwep- v. to waste kupha
gwetor adj. bright, well-lit kuthor
hālṇ adj. public hālena
hālneðu n. republic, democracy hālenadu "the Public" (honorific)
hālo adj. rich-tasting hālo
hālu n. black pepper F. hadlu
hāmaza hāmaz-, hāmazĕjĕn v. to crown hāmaza-
hāmi hāmi- v. to force hāmi-
hānðjĕ n. village hānedia
hāpo adj. lonely hāpho "alone"
hæ* pp. out of ha
hæbĕva* hæbĕv-, hæbĕvĕjĕn v. to lift hapaba-
hæbma hæbmĕ- v. to derive from hapuma-
hæftĕ n. crime F. gafač
hæftivu n. criminal F. gafač "crime" + Ad. -bu (personifier)
hægis n. garlic hakis
hæmun* n. cumin gamun
Hæpoj top. the Ziphē river N.A. gêp'oi
Hærlo ethn. northern Fáralo haralo "Fáralo"
hæt adj. legal hatha
hæva* hæv- v. to drink haba-
Hæzili top. Huyfárah hazīli
hē* adj. blue hē
hēgon* adj. hostile hēkon
hesom n. outer garment Mav. hêsom
hestara hestar- v. to organize Adh. ġès'tsarr
hēwn n. left hēun
hēzo n. hammer hēzo
hid adj. structured hete "organized"
hīdz n. decline hīdaza "debauchery, hedonism"
hifna hifnĕ- v. to whisper; to tell a secret hepena- "to murmur"
hīl adj. weird F. heil "foreign, alien"
himna himnĕ- v. to lie hemena- "to deny"
himza himzĕ- v. to queue; to pile up hemaza "queue, stack" (n.)
hīru n. atheist F. geiru
hjedux n. the physical world F. hitugə "physical necessity; the mundane world"
hjedza hjedzĕ- v. to jump hideza-
hjen adj. lucky hin
hjepoda hjepod- v. to heat, to cook hiphora- "to boil" + -ta (causative)
hjes n. knife F. gis
hjetsið n. corruption F. hičidə "misuse of office"
Hjetun top. Siixtaguna F. histuənə
Hjevxo top. Hiphago hiphago
hjezna hjeznĕ- v. to prove hizena-
hō n. coast hō
hujzĕ n. library huiza
huko* huko- v. to masturbate hokho-
hul* cj. when V.Ad. *hola
hupi* hupi- v. to defeat hophī- "to conquer"
hweð* num. eight huda
hweðro* num. eighty hudaro
hwej* n. mouse hui
hwejzĕra hwejzĕrĕ- v. to help huiazara-
hwemo adj. wrong, inadequate humo
hwezajĕ n. lodge; place of refuge huzāia "sanctuary"
ībe īb- v. to touch īpe-
iðo* n. nobleman idô
īðu n. vinegar N.A. idux
īgi* adj. black īki
ija ijĕ- v. to use eia-
ik* n. cat ekha "pet"
iku iku- v. to kill ekhu-
ikuvu n. murderer ekhubu
īl* pp. to, toward īla
īl n. west éiel
ilara ilar- v. to urge elāra-
īli n. north īli
īlnu* cj. before īlanu
īlo īlo- v. to hold an opinion (back-formed from īloj)
īloj n. statement, opinion; proposal N.A. éloxoi "utterance"
ima im- v. to turn ema-
īmo adj. interesting, cool, nice īmo "beautiful"
inosa inosĕ- v. to be sick enosa-
inta intĕ- v. to feel, to sense enatha-
ipe adj. blind iphē
ipi n. grass ephi
ipura ipur-, ipurĕjĕn v. to swim ephura-
īri īri-, īrjĕn v. to allow, to permit íari-
irma irmĕ- v. to be dysfunctional erema-
irte irtĕ- v. to be drunk erathe-
is* num. six es
isa isĕ- v. to change esa-
isla islĕ- v. to burn esela-
isna isnĕ- v. to do, to act esena-
itana itanĕ-, itanjĕn v. to select; to support ithâna- "to be in favor of"
ītsara ītsar- v. to surprise Adh. *í-tsarr "to do suddenly"
itu itu- v. to fall ethu-
itura iturĕ- v. to cook ethura-
iþki* n. mistress edaki
Ivloj top. Ebloi (a city in Lasomo) N.A. êbloi
īvu n. instrument, means eiabu
īx n. life (usually of animals and humans) (back-formed from īxmĕd)
īxmĕd n. zoology, biology F. eikəmate "animal husbandry"
īxta īxtĕ- v. to compensate; to substitute īke "equal" + -ta (causative)
iz* qu. all eze
jādi* n. prisoner iātī
jadizna jadiznĕ- v. to sire iatizanâ-
jamixe jamixĕ- v. to be grateful iamīxê- "to thank"
jān adj. slow iāna
jāsi n. tool iāsi
jati n. calendar Nam. yati
jawtsara jawtsar- v. to mess up Adh. *jàḃḃ-tsarr "to make bad"
jæ* num. two ia
jæda jæd- v. to sleep iata-
jædjena jædjen- v. to dream (jæda + jena)
jæjĕ n. bed iaia
jæjo jæjo- v. to laugh iaio-
jæko adj. hard; rigid iakho
jæl* adv. very ial
jæn adj. adult, mature ian
jænona jænonĕ-, jænonjĕn v. to be unwelcome ianona-
jæpu adj. sharp iaphu
jærazo jærazo- v. to be successful iarazo-
jærjov adj. heavy iarioba
jæro* num. twenty iaro
jæspi jæspi- v. to owe iasaphi-
jæþki jæþki- v. to be experienced; to be wise iadeki- "to be scarred"
jæva jæv- v. to dare iaba- "to be bold"
jæza jæz- v. to think iaza-
jeb adj. logical, straightforward F. ipe "logical" & Ad. ipa "straight"
Jedizan ethn. the Hitatc peoples itatizan
jeður adj. sour idur
jefka jefkĕ- v. to sense, to perceive iphaka-
jefko n. deal, transaction Mav. jevkorô "as friends" (*-ro dropped due to confusion with subject marker)
jefsan n. salvation; redemption; pardon F. ifisænə "the spiritual world; heaven; salvation"
jeftĕ adj. merry (people); festive (event) iphetha "cheerful"
jemaxot n. news, information Mav. jêmaxôt "the newest"
jemu n. peak imu
jena jen- v. to see ina-
jenta jentĕ- v. to explain ina- "to see" + -ta (causative)
jep n. toe iepha
jepi* num. hundred iphi
jepi n. liver iphi
jeroda jerodĕ- v. to open iro- + -ta (causative)
Jerona top. the Eastern Ocean Ndd. ïddona'a
jesna jesnĕ- v. to surrender isena- "to be defeated"
jespew n. rubbish N.A. wispeu "mud; filth"
jeta jet- v. to put, to place itha- "to hang"
jetjĕn* n. arm itian
jetjo n. cotton Ndd. isceo
jetun n. sea ithun
jēvu n. follower, supporter iēbu "believer"
jez pron. which (interrogative) iza
jō n. skin iō
jōro adj. old, ancient iōro "ancient"
jozu jozu- v. to paint Nam. yozzu
jule adj. full iolē
juva juv- v. to survive Aθ. iúfa "survival" (n.)
jwe* pron. that, which, who (REL) iu "as" (pp.)
jwe* pp. as, like, equal to iu
jweva jwev- v. to mark; to sign iubaba-
kā n. shit khā
kālaxena kālaxen- v. to dress; to prepare for Adh. *cálaċeınn "to dress" & *càılaċeınn "to look at oneself"
kāse n. riches, wealth Adh. cáţeıə "gold"
kaw n. Etúgə priest Nam. kawu
Kāxd* top. Kasca kāxad (reborrowed)
Kælnu top. Khalanu khalanu
kenara kenar- v. to research Adh. cenàrr "to ask"
kēnu* n. light; the Good khēnu
kerna kernĕ- v. to leave Pen. khernan "to abandon"
kīra n. council, committee khíara (reborrowed)
kīrḷ* n. book khīrala
kizjets adj. tricky Adh. cìʒetsy
Koðaj top. Khodai (a town in Lasomo) N.A. akôdaig
kofas n. Etúgə temple Nam. kuffas
kōjse adj. noble, aristocratic N.A. gek'oitsoi "birthright of nobles"
kotsor n. wisdom; intuition; insight Adh. còtsoar "bright, well-lit, clear"
kōz n. park khōza "grove"
kuka kuk- v. to hurry Aθ. cúca
kumði n. tea Ndd. kwamëdi
kūrṇ n. olive khūran
kwez n. archive F. kuz
lābo n. medicine, cure F. lalpo "to heal"
lāð n. year lād
lāfpa lāfpĕ- v. to ignore lābapa-
lāj læj-, lājĕn v. to close, to shut lai-
lāmĕd n. medicine (science) F. ladmate
lāpu lāpu- v. to dispose of, to throw away Aθ. alápu
Lawja top. the Eigə delta B.Nz. lawiwa
læðe adj. fast, quick Aθ. laθé
læjada læjad- v. to get to know, to socialize laian "familiar" + -ta (causative)
læjĕn adj. familiar laian
læjra læjrĕ- v. to convince; to bargain B.Nz. əlayra
læko n. bone lakho
læne læn- v. to aim lane-
lænĕx adj. good-smelling lanax
læs* n. country, land las
Læsfora top. Lewsfárah Nam. lesfora "Free Fárah" (the Southern Fáralo federation)
læsi adj. strong lási "healthy"
læsin adj. national F. lašin
Læsomo top. Lasomo lasomo
Læspe top. Peilaš laspē (calque from F. peilaš)
lē* n. bird lē
lēda lēd- v. to collect lēta-
lēðvu n. man of leisure lētabu
lejsa lejsĕ- v. to bring; to make available B.Nz. lɛysa "to collect"
lēla lēl-, lēlĕjĕn v. to flow lēla-
lēri adj. young lēri
lēsu lēsu- v. to be in love lēsu-
lēta lēt- v. to build Aθ. lêta
lēw n. river delta F. lewə
lijaw lijawĕ- v. to form leiao-
likew n. tax N.A. lekseu "to tax"
limzu n. tribe (of 'uncivilised' cultures) Tl. tlemezu
lix n. law; decree F. lega "word"
lixta lixtĕ- v. to decree lega "law" + -ta (causative)
ljeg cj. nor lik
ljemu n. gossip limu
ljena ljen- v. to be confused, to be disoriented lina "blind"
lōmaza lōmaz- v. to visit (friends or relatives) lōmâza-
lōsiza lōsizĕ-, lōsizjĕn v. to answer, to reply lōsiza-
lōzax n. iron lōzāg
lōzṛ* n. religion lōzera
ludo ludo- v. to belong loto-
lujrĕn cj. then, afterwards luiaran "secondly"
lujta lujtĕ- v. to test luita- "to try"
lusek n. personal name Nam. lusek
Lūsjĕ top. Luyosha Ndd. luyosha
lute lut- v. to correct lothe-
lwīvu n. loser luību "failure (person)"
ḷzē n. word lezê
ḷzēse n. poetry lezêsē
ḷzō* adj. cold lesô
māðo* n. person mādo
mājĕ n. pasture māia
Majlopew top. Māilôpheu (a city in Lasomo) N.A. maislofeu
mānvu n. wise man, sage mānabu
māro* num. seventy māro
māru n. human Adh. màrry
māt n. heart māthe
mæda mæd- v. to know mata-
mædux n. fantasy, delusions F. matugə "the impossible; fantasy, spirituality"
mægi n. dish, recipe; set meal maki "table"
mæl* adj. bright, shining; blinding mala
mælja* mæljĕ- v. to suck malia-
mæn* num. seven man
mæti n. government F. mastač
mæv* n. mouth maba
mæx n. today max
mæxew adj. impressive, awesome N.A. mêgeu "mighty, intimidating"
mē mē- v. to meet; to get to know mē-
mēja n. pal, companion B.Nz. mɛya "brother" (influenced by mē)
Mendja top. Mæmedéi Nam. myendya
mētjawk n. prince; heir to the throne mēthiauk < F. menčaok
mēxt* n. brother mēkat
mi mi- v. to go; to travel me-
mībi mībi- v. to blame mīpi-
mīda mīd- v. to renew, to reform, to update mis "modern" + -ta (causative)
mijĕ adj. big, large meia "powerful"
milða milðĕ- v. to include meleda-
mili mili- v. to read meli-
Milir top. the Milīr river milīr
milo n. location melō
milujo adj. stoic; cool Tl. milūyo "serene, composed, calm"
minjo n. son F. menio "boy of noble descent"
mirme mirmĕ- v. to convince not to do Mav. mirame- "to journey (NEG.ANTIBEN)"
miviza miviz- v. to lack mebiza-
mivu n. trader, merchant mebu
mīxza mīxzĕ- v. to thank mīxaza-
miz* n. father meze
mizena mizenĕ- v. to have an affair Nam. midzenna
mizo mizo- v. to follow V.Ad. *mezō- "to go for"
Mizrĕs top. Mezaras mezaras
mje cj. or mi
mjebim n. dough mipīma
mjeg n. bread mik
mjen* n. mother mina
mjes adj. modern, novel; late mis
Mjetu top. Miədu mithu
mjexa mjex-, mjexĕjĕn v. to trust mixa-
mjezago* mjezago-, mjezagĕjĕn v. to celebrate (a religious feast) mizāko-
mō adj. loose emô
moje* n. worm moiê
mōjĕ n. city (large); hometown mōia "foreign city" (with interference from mūia "place of origin")
mūðada mūðad- v. to take drugs mūdak "dream" + -ta (causative)
mūfṇ adj. stupid mūpen
muga* mug- v. to protest V.Ad. *moka-
mulṇ adj. awake molan
mūmĕd n. agriculture F. musmate
mumusĕ n. parliament, legislative body momuseza < F. moumušezə "council, senate"
mur adj. dark, dim (not well-lit) more
mura mur- v. to prefer morara-
murova murov- v. to play music B.Nz. mvorɔwa
musin adj. urban F. mosin
mutu mutu- v. to count mothu-
muturĕn qu. many mothu- "to count" + -ran (adjectivizer)
mūvzin n. anarchy F. muəbazin "lawless, anarchic"
mwelṇ* n. ice mulan
Mwepaj top. Momuva'e muphai
mwesta mwestĕ- v. to lay out, to present B.Nz. mvɛsta "ordered"
mweva mwev- v. to exchange, to trade muba-
mwexaðin* n. baker muxādin
nā n. east nā
Najloðo top. Lower Lasomo N.A. ngahêxôldod
nāno nāno- v. to cut nāno-
narpu narpu- v. to plead Pen. narpu "supplicant"
navun adj. predictable, reliable nabûn
næfṇ* adj. red napen
næfpa næfpĕ- v. to boast, to show off naphepa- "to swell"
næg* n. god naka
nælaĕp* n. domestic animal nalāepha
nælror* n. horse nalaror
naem* qu. some name
næmozi* adj. brown namozi
næxi næxi- v. to work naxebi- (*-v- dropped to regularize with næxvu)
næxvu n. laborer naxebu
næza næz- v. to ask kenáza- (initial *k- dropped due to confusion with future/optative prefix)
nē* pp. in, inside nē
nēw n. idol, fetish (pejorative) N.A. neheu "god"
nelðu n. judge Aθ. nélθu
nēlo n. temple of Ndok paganism banêlō "heathen temple" (initial *v- lost due to confusion with plural prefix)
nēre* n. woman, wife nērē
nēxna nēxnĕ- v. to confuse nēxana- "to twist"
nijĕ n. leaf neia
nikis n. servant N.A. ngeksis "slave"
nipi nipi- v. to mean nephi-
nīro* num. ninety nīro
Njedze top. Nitaze nitazē
njel* num. nine nil
njet n. bread nitha
none n. business connection Nam. ñonne
nora nor- v. to resign Nam. nora "to exit (from a building)"
Nug ethn. Ndok (people) N.A. ndok
Nugajso n. Ndok Aisô (language) N.A. ndok aisô
Nukew n. Ndok paganism N.A. ndokseu
Nulo top. Ñolo Ndd. ñolo
nulo n. road, highway F. noulo "street"
nuna* nun- v. to go nona-
nunvu n. traveller nonabu
Nuru ethn. Ngauro F. ŋouru
nusa* nus- v. to die nosa-
nuzvu n. dead body nosabu
nwemja nwemjĕ- v. to overestimate numaia- "to boast"
nwexabu n. head of household nuxāpu
ō n. yesterday ō
ōbagatjĕ* n. throne ōpākātia
ōdo adj. new ōto
ōdu n. hunger; desire ōtu- "to be starving"
ōðo n. eye ōdō
ōĕz n. altar ōaza
Ojpavaw top. Ziphē N.A. oigop'oibauxeu
ojsaw n. sacrifice N.A. oisaxud "human sacrifice"
Ōjxew top. Western Lasomo N.A. oigeu "the Eigə river"
olodo olodo- v. to gain B.Nz. ɔlodɔ "to be rewarded; to deserve"
ōloka* ōlokĕ- v. to forget V.Ad. *ōlokha- (dialectal)
ōm adj. recent, new ōma
omo* n. sister omô
ōmta ōmtĕ- v. to be able to; to tend to ōmata- "to be expert at"
onlo n. graveyard Aθ. onló
opug n. splendour, luxury N.A. wôspok "royal garb & paraphernalia"
ōtsu n. soldier ōdasu
ōvo* adj. happy ōbo
ōvoda ōvod- v. to please ōbo "happy" + -ta (causative)
ōxno n. permission ōkenō
ōxnuna ōxnun- v. to trespass ōkenōna-
oxto oxto- v. to anticipate B.Nz. oxotɔ
ōxva ōxvĕ- v. to suffer ōxaba-
paða pað- v. to rot, to decay Aθ. páθ "bad-smelling"
pagla paglĕ- v. to exaggerate, to claim F. epágal
pavo pavo- v. to analyze; to categorize Adh. *pàḃo
peðu peðu- v. to separate; to part with Aθ. péθu "apart"
pēku pēku- v. to be wary, to distrust Adh. péchy "to fear"
pin* pp. with (comitative) pen
polgĕ n. orange (fruit) Nam. połge
porĕtja porĕtjĕ- v. to indulge (in vulgar pastimes) Pen. porarca "bolavaria" (a popular dance)
psūna psūn-, psūnĕjĕn v. to calculate N.A. patsuna "mathematics"
psūmĕd n. mathematics psūna + -mĕd
pwena pwen- v. to fail V.Ad. *bephûn "insufficient" (dialectal)
rabu rabu- v. to drown B.Nz. rəbu
rān n. plain rān
ranjĕlor n. afterlife; paradise rania ēlōra "the Fields of Flowers"
ratjela ratjelĕ- v. to encourage Adh. ràtşell
Ræðan top. Rathēdan rathedān
Ræðjĕs top. Radias radias
ræfṇ cj. instead of raphen
rælga adj. hot Nam. rełga
rænjĕ n. field rania
ræp adj. abundant rapha
ræto* ræto- v. to hear ratho-
rætolo n. audience ratholō
ræz adj. mature raza
ræzvĕ adj. bad, unsuitable; immature rázeba "incompetently"
reja rejĕ- v. to utilize, to render useful Mav. (r-)êja "to use"
rējorĕn adj. cunning rēoran
rēli rēli- v. to oppose rēli-
rēw* n. fox rēo
rēti n. election V.Ad. *rēthi < Ndd. resti
rēwlo n. plain, flatlands F. rewŋlo
rigiva rigiv- v. to flood rekiba-
rijĕ adj. usual, common reia "normally"
rimor n. earthquake remor
rjesṇ n. bad luck risen
rjezma rjezmĕ- v. to learn rizama-
rogmaza rogmazĕ-, rogmazjĕn v. to repair Mav. (ro-)gmaz-
rōla* rōl- v. to love rōla
rōm adj. normal rōma "typical"
rōne rōn- v. to own, to possess rōne-
roploþe roploþ- v. to advise, to help Mav. (r-)ope-loþe- "to sit and correct"
rote rot- v. to eat Mav. (ro-)t-
rozate rozat- v. to offer Mav. (roza-)t- "to eat (BENEFACTIVE)"
ru* num. ten ro
rudo rudo- v. to try, to attempt roto-
ruje n. intelligence ruiē
rulomo rulomo- v. to frequent rulômo-
rulu adj. far; ahead rolu "forward"
rūlz* adj. foreign (of a different nationality) rūlas "outside"
runjast adj. resilient B.Nz. ruñasta "to always make it through"
rūnk* n. prophet rūnak
rute n. faux pas ruthê
ruvu n. musician robu
ruz n. public discourse róza
ruza n. lady rozā "female citizen"
ruzro n. citizen rozarō
rwedu adj. spontaneous rútutu "random"
rwefso n. aggression rupaso
rwejo rwejo- v. to be arrogant ruiaio- "to be insensitive"
rweko rweko- v. to deceive rukho-
rwemli rwemli- v. to study rumeli-
rwespa rwespĕ- v. to sabotage ruzapa- "to mess up"
rwezidova rwezidovĕ-, rwezidovjĕn v. to waste time rudizoba- "to be daydreamy" (metathesized from *rweðizovĕ-)
sāde* sād- v. to begin sāte-
Sake ethn. the Isthmus peoples N.A. saxehêd
sāno n. village N.A. sanô
sāwk n. blood N.A. sauk'e
sæpa sæp- v. to free sapha-
sæpi* sæpi- v. to give saphi-
sæzi n. onion Ndd. sazi
sēja sējĕ- v. to wash sēia
sēt n. type, species N.A. esetsê
sī* n. dog sī
siĕnĕd n. (cabinet) minister seanat < F. sernat
Siĕtĕg top. Sertek F. sertek
siĕtjawk n. emperor seathiauk < F. serčaok
siĕtjawka n. empress seathiaukha < F. serčaok + Ad. feminine suffix -ā (partially reborrowed)
silon n. spear selon
sīmu sīmu- v. to reject; to disagree Adh. şî əm ùċ "no" (to suggestions)
sīra sīr- v. to be born; to descend from seira-
sīramĕd n. genealogy, heraldics (sīra + -mĕd)
sirin n. empire F. serin
sīru sīru- v. to approve Adh. şî ər ùċ "yes" (to suggestions)
sisna sisnĕ- v. to mimic; to act (theatre) sesena-
Sjapew ethn. Habeo Mav. (ś-)hapêo
sje* dem. that si
sjeb* cj. thus, therefore sip
sjeg* dem. those sik
sjeki adj. different sikhi "separate"
sjelul dem. there silul
sjelun n. tooth silūn
sjesna sjesnĕ- v. to be depressed sisena-
sōgi adj. soft sōki
Somo ethn. inhabitant of southern Lasomo (back-formed from læsomo)
soni soni- v. to ponder, to consider Pen. soani "to chew"
soto n. task sothô "I must do"
sōxva sōxvĕ- v. to beg sōxaba- "to be pitiful"
sovren n. expert Aθ. sofréna "to master"
sūjamvi adj. relaxed, leisurely sūian "pressure" + -mebi (privative)
sumvja sumvjĕ- v. to wish for somebia-
sun n. knee son
sure adv. never Nam. tsure "some other time"
suska suskĕ- v. to threaten, to menace F. čosk "hostile"
suto n. dust sotho
suvi suvi- v. to control sobi-
sweri n. tomorrow suri
tālo* n. moon thālo
Tārĕs top. Thāras thāras
Tārĕspe top. Greater Thāras thāraspē
tērṇ* adj. beautiful thēran
tetja n. troop, combat unit Aθ. téca "platoon"
tiða* tið- v. to have sex theda-
tiðjĕ n. bedroom thedia
tiĕna tiĕnĕ-, tīnjĕn v. to marry F. čiən
tigima tigim- v. to trade, to buy thekima-
tīhew adj. good, suitable N.A. ntixeu
tjē tjē- v. to observe, to examine Aθ. cê "to look at"
tjel n. teacher F. čeilə
tjēmĕd n. science thiaimul (< F. ičǽməl "study, knowledge") + -mĕd
tjesum adj. great (honorific) F. čæšum
tju tju- v. to study (back-formed from tjuvu "student, scholar")
tjuvu n. student; scholar F. čeobu
tō adj. illegal hathô
tōda tōd- v. to ban, to prohibit hathô "illegal" + -ta (causative)
tosa n. line; shortcut Aθ. tóssa
tosa tos- v. to draw (back-formed from tosa/tospa)
tospa n. draft, sketch Pen. tospa "paper"
tuþu tuþu- v. to amaze, to astonish Adh. tùṫy
twelus n. cinnamon thulus
þīlo adj. superficial F. hadírlo
ub n. ear opa
ūbi* adj. green ūpi
ūde ūd- v. to run ūte-
udo udo- v. to come oto-
udoz n. goal otoza
uðṇ n. right odan
ūftĕ n. pauper ūpetha "loser, lowlife"
ujaw ujav- v. to guess oiau-
ukju ukju- v. to covet, to long for F. ukšúy
ūla ūl- v. to explain ūla-
ulduva ulduv- v. to hurt (emotionally) B.Nz. olduwa "to hit the eye"
ūlujta ūlujtĕ- v. to intend, to schedule ūluita- "to be eager"
ūma ūm- v. to play ūma-
ūme* adj. yellow ūmē
ūmo ūmo- v. to take ūmo- "to steal"
umula umulĕ-, umuljĕn v. to talk omula- "to chat"
un* cj. and on
ūnu n. educated person; scribe, clerk N.A. unu "village priest"
up adj. flat opha
ur* qu. every, each or
urizla urizlĕ- v. to ignite orizala-
uruda urud- v. to prove, to demonstrate oru "visible" + -ta (causative)
urutsara urutsar- v. to give medical treatment, to cure Adh. *ùruḃy "doctor" + -tsarr (verbalizer)
usju n. oath F. oušu
ūti n. river ūthi
ūton adj. thin ūthon
ūtu adj. rich, wealthy ūthu
uv* pp. on, upon ob "near to, by"
uvāg n. the imperial/royal household F. ubák "palace"
ūvla ūvlĕ- v. to be sleepy ūbala-
uxla uxlĕ- v. to be promoted (socially) B.Nz. oxula "to enroll in the priesthood"
ūzva ūzvĕ- v. to look forward to ūsaba-
ūzvið adj. sexually attractive V.Ad. *ūsobita "to cause desire"
vabun adj. insufficient bepûn
vān n. swamp abân
vāvu n. owner bābu
vāvu n. casualty (of battle) bābu
vawmĕt n. steward (of a household), head servant F. baomast
vawnu vawnu- v. to advance, to press forward F. baonuy "to march"
vawxĕs n. captain (of a ship) F. baogas
væbu n. root bapu
væjru n. property, real estate F. bæru
væpi v. to lose (war or competition) baphi- "to fail"
væpojĕ n. center, core baphoia
væpor* n. strength baphor "strong"
vætoro n. breakfast bathoro
vævo adj. poor F. avávo
vēbi vēbi- v. to punish bēpi-
vēre n. leg bērē
vijara vijarĕ- v. to bless Adh. vỳjarr
viju adj. guilty F. ebíu
vitud adj. tight; close-by bethut
vjepo vjepo- v. to massage bipho- "to rub"
vnæza* vnæz- v. to pray banáza-
vō adj. repeated, multiple; another bō "again"
vojxur n. respect, honour, dignity F. boéigur
vōmon n. coward Ndd. bo'mon
vū* n. ox; cow bū
vud adj. same bot
vujtoj n. foot N.A. boitroi "leg"
vuk n. back bokha
vul n. estate; piece of land F. boula "earth, soil"
vūnvu n. spy būnabu
vūr adj. short; small abûr
vura vur-, vurĕjĕn v. to nurse bora-
vūs n. dagger; epee N.A. bots "weapon"
vūsa vūs- v. to fence (from vūs)
vutu vutu v. to attack (a person), to tackle (a problem) bothu- "to stab"
vwe* num. four bu
vwejza vwejzĕ- v. to reward buiaza-
vwero* num. forty buro
Vweze top. Western Kasca Ndd. vuzëi
vwezis* adj. chilly buzis
weg cj. maybe; if uk (OPT.HAB.SG of "to be")
weku adj. lame, crippled ukhu
wela* wel- v. to rise ula- "to raise"
welja weljĕ- v. to taste ulia-
weljo n. vine ulio
wen* pp. made of un
weponĕpĕna* weponĕpĕnĕ- v. to belittle uphōnaphana-
weruvu n. doctor urubu
wesi wesi- v. to blow usi-
Wesor top. Ussor F. ussor
wez pp. after uza
wez* pron. that, which, who (REL.PST) uza "after" (pp.)
wezu adv. soon uzu
wimba n. papyrus Nam. wɨmba
wimes n. truce, armistice F. wimés "adjacent"
xāja xājĕ- v. to share xāja
xakax n. ore xekhâg
xakaz n. mine xekhâza
xār* n. sheep xāra
xæd n. wood xata
xæn n. dagger xan
xæxka xæxkĕ- v. to smile xaxaka-
xæxta xæxtĕ- v. to bother, to trouble xaxa "angry" + -ta (causative)
xēðo* n. rabbit xēdo
xēmvi adj. unlikely xes "likely" + -mebi (privative)
xēnwela xēnwel- v. to enlighten Adh. ċénuoıll
xērid pp. as far as, until V.Ad. *axêrit
xip n. insult xepha
xis adj. likely, probable xes
xizor* adj. great xezor
xōðan n. mountain pass xō "pass" + dān "mountain"
xokez n. caveat, disadvantage xokhêza "weak point, achilles' heel"
xonla n. highlands Mav. xǫla
xōron n. steppe xōron
Xōron Īl top. the Eiwəl Gourun xōron eiel
xun adj. high xon
xuta xutĕ- v. to dream V.Ad. *xothā- (dialectal)
xuvo n. map Ndd. gwabo or F. guabu
zādi* n. festival, feast (religious) zāti
zādju n. Midsummer zātidu
zāg* dem. these zāk
zakero* n. priest zakhērô
zān n. wine zān
zanona zanon- v. to visit (a shrine or temple) Adh. zanòann
Zārĕkatjas n. the prophet Zārakātias zārakātias (reborrowed)
zātṛ n. public assembly zāthar
zæd n. age zat
zæjtux n. immorality, perversion F. huzǽtugə
zækea* n. priestess zakhēā
Zæm* n. the Sun (deity) zama
zæm* n. sun zama
zæsta adj. exhausted zas "sweat" + -ta (causative)
zæþṇ* n. pig zathan
zæzvu n. beggar zasabu
zē* dem. this zē
zē* n. star zē
zēje* n. uncle zēiē
zējo n. sword zēō
zēlul* dem. here zēlul
zēmĕd n. astronomy zē "star" + -mĕd "knowledge of"
zēr n. family, clan zēra
zēso dem. now zēso
zið n. heir (non-royal) zed "son"
zīðla zīðlĕ- v. to wear zīdela-
zijĕ n. garden zeia
zijĕ n. home, house zeia
zikor* n. worship zekhora- "to worship" (v.)
zikora zikorĕ- v. to worship zekhora-
zikovu n. pilgrim zekhōbu
zīm n. mud zīma
Zipe top. Ziphē (the nation) ziphē
zjæza zjæz- v. to yell, to cry out ziaza-
zjekozu n. inheritance Adh. ʒechózy
zjema* zjem- v. to live zima-
zjeme* n. neighbour zimē
zjen adj. wet zin
zō* num. three zō
zodwen n. portrait Nam. zodwen "face"
zolaba zolabĕ- v. to arrange (things) B.Nz. nzolab
zōro* num. thirty zōro
zūð* n. tradition zūd
zujĕx n. bay zoiax
zūlx* n. cheese zūleg
zūma zūm- v. to wait zōma-
Zupis top. Zophīs zophīs
zupo zupo- v. to remember zopho-
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