Ishoʻu ʻOhu/Lexicon
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This is a sample lexicon of Ishoʻu ʻOhu. It borrows heavily from the Isi Lukpanic dialect, particularly in areas pertaining to urban life and technology, and also from other nearby languages such as Ìletlégbàku and Šetâmol.
Many nominals in PCW were apparently of the "wrong" animacy. In most cases these nominals have changed to the more appropriate animacy, but it should be noted that many (though not all) body parts are considered animate, as are a few miscellaneous things such as water (zípe).
Part-of-speech abbreviations:
- n. alienably possessible nominal
- ip. inalienably possessible nominal
- coll. collective nominal
- a. animate
- i. inanimate
- v.i. intransitive verb
- v.m. monotransitive verb
- v.d. ditransitive verb
- pref. nominal prefix
- adv. adverb
- pp. postposition
- dis. discourse particle or conjunction
Language abbreviations:
- I.L. Isi Lukpanic
- Ìl. Ìletlégbàku
- Doa. Doayâu
- Šet. Šetâmol
- Iŋ. Iŋomœ́
- Etymologies with no language indicated are from Proto-Coastal-Western.
This lexicon is not completely up-to-date, and minor changes may still occur.
| word | p.o.s. | definition | etymology | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| à | pp. | inside, during, while | sà7 | |
| ʻaba | n.i. | anger, rage | 7ahpa- | |
| abáda | v.m. | fight | sabaja- | |
| ʻabazá | v.m. | anger, rage | 7ahpadza- | |
| ʻagó | v.i. | rain | 7ago- | |
| ʻàma | pp. | with | 7àma | |
| ànubo | v.m. | ride | sànupo < Iŋ. sánhupo | |
| apa | coll.i. | metal | I.L. ap | |
| apo | n.a. | lizard | I.L. apo | |
| apulihòanòamo | coll.i. | yoghurt | I.L. apul-i-hånåm “bad milk” | |
| ʻàsè | ip.a. | wife | 7àzè- | |
| ʻàsè | n.a. | woman | 7àzè- | |
| ʻazhí | v.m. | fear | 7adi- | |
| bábá | coll.i. | snow | I.L. baba | |
| báce | n.i. | holiness | batshe- | |
| bàda | v.i. | find oneʻs way | pàta- | |
| bàdògù | n.i. | road, path | pàtògù- | |
| bàhòanyu | n.i. | thunder | Ìl. bàxàungu | |
| baku | n.i. | building | I.L. vaku | |
| béa | v.m. | cut | besa- | |
| bèagá- | pref. | new | pľaga- | |
| bèagù | n.i. | sharp edge, blade | besògù- | |
| bèama | n.i. | flower | pľama- | |
| bébéa | v.m. | split, divide | bebesa- | |
| bèzá | v.m. | have, carry, possess | bèdza- | |
| bèzànóhugogáda | n.a. | relative (honorific) | bèdzàno7xuwogaja- | |
| Biloabe | n.a. | the Wellawi nation; Wellawi people | I.L. Vilåve | |
| bìma | n.i. | hibiscus | I.L. vima | |
| bìnita | n.i. | ceremony | I.L. vinita | |
| bipikahu | n.i. | desert; wasteland | I.L. vipikau | |
| bipuhita- | pref. | left (opposite of right) | I.L. vipuita | |
| bipùnya- | pref. | easy | I.L. vipuŋa | |
| bózu | v.m. | axe | “cut” + tool nominaliser | |
| bùha | ip.a. | meat, flesh | bľuxa- | |
| búhìme | v.i. | flow (of tides) | I.L. buime “return, continue, flow” | |
| bula | v.i. | gesture | I.L. vula “gesture; make a sign” | |
| búpichu | coll.i. | mead | I.L. bupitu | |
| búsa- | pref. | mad, crazy | I.L. busa | |
| busahe | n.i. | fig | I.L. vusae | |
| cea | n.i. | dung | tshesa- | |
| ceaba | v.i. | defecate | tshesahpa- | |
| ceda | coll.i. | soil | tsheja- | |
| cedegí | coll.i. | worthless items | tshejegi- | |
| cedòhù | n.i. | wall, rampart | tshejòhxù- | |
| cega | coll.i. | sand | tshehga- | |
| cèkà | n.i. | earth | tshèkhà- | |
| cèkòlu | n.i. | pot; ceramic | “earth” + material nominaliser | |
| cena | n.i. | horn | tsheľna- | |
| chàbòa | adv. | repeatedly | tła7la | |
| chìbi | n.a. | daughter | thì7pi- | |
| chila | coll.i. | tin | I.L. chila | |
| chishe | v.m. | write | I.L. chishe “scratch, write” | |
| chishehaba | n.a. | scribe | “write” + agentive | |
| chishihùmu | coll.i. | writing | I.L. chishium | |
| chubá | n.i. | root | thuba- | |
| chuda | v.m. | have sex with | thuja- | |
| chugo | n.a. | blood | tłuwo- | |
| chùgú | v.m. | become | thùgu- | |
| chuhìmi | n.i. | grape | I.L. tuhim | |
| chuku | n.i. | masonry | I.L. tuku “stone” | |
| chula | n.i. | wool | thula- | |
| chùmu | n.i. | buckwheat porridge | I.L. tum | |
| chùnyà | ip.a. | head of the family, father | thuŋa- | |
| chùnyàʻà | ip.a. | uncle, brother | thuňa7a- | |
| chupe | v.m. | find, discover | tłuphe- | |
| chùzù | ip.i. | knee | thùdzù- | |
| copu | n.a. | deer | tshophu- | |
| cozhu | v.i. | lie down | tshotu- | |
| cozhugá | v.m. | place | tshotuga- | |
| cubu | ip.a. | arm | tshulpu- | |
| da | ip.a. | husband | ľa- | |
| da | n.a. | man | ľa- | |
| da | n.a. | you | ta- | |
| dá | pp. | under | ľa7 | |
| dàʻa | n.i. | food | jàsa- | |
| dàʻaba | v.m. | eat meat | jàsahpa- | |
| dába | v.i. | insult | ľa7pa- | |
| dába | v.m. | attain, win | ľa7pa- | |
| dabé | pp. | on, at, when | tabe | |
| dábe | n.i. | here | da7le- | |
| dadá- | pref. | old | jada- | |
| dádá | v.i. | swim | I.L. dada | |
| daga | ip.a. | ear | ľahga- | |
| dagá | v.i. | play | jaga- | |
| dagá | n.i. | grass | taga- | |
| dagábe | n.i. | grassland, plain | taga7le- | |
| dagála | n.i. | cloth | tagala- | |
| dagó | n.i. | one | tago- | |
| dáha | v.i. | shout | dağa- | |
| dáhazá | v.m. | call to | dağadza- | |
| daho | n.i. | smoke | ľağo- | |
| dàlà | v.i. | swim, fly | dàlà- | |
| dàlànya | v.m. | dig | ľalaňa- | |
| dàma | n.i. | sun | jàma- | |
| dàma- | pref. | warm | ľama- | |
| dàmadaʻa | n.a. | human | jàmaja7a- | |
| dànya | v.m. | wound, hurt | ľaňa- | |
| dànyasha | ip.i. | crack, scratch | ľaňała- | |
| data | v.m. | tend, garden | jatha- | |
| databa | n.i. | garden | jathapa- | |
| datáda | n.a. | slave | jathadaja- | haplology from *datadáda |
| datádaba | n.i. | enslave | “slave” + verbaliser | |
| dàza | n.a. | egg | ľatsa- | |
| dàza | n.a. | many | ľatsa- | |
| dàza | n.i. | many | ľatsa- | |
| de | par. | not | -je | |
| dea | con. | not | jesu | |
| déba | v.i. | ebb | I.L. deb | |
| degé | con. | but not | jege | |
| degí | n.a. | boy | ľegi- | |
| dèma | v.i. | row | jèma- | |
| deʻogú | v.i. | leave | je7ogu | |
| deʻogú | pp. | away from | je7ogu- | |
| desi | v.m. | hold, own, marry | jezi- | |
| deza | con. | and not | jetsa | |
| dezá | v.m. | push | jedza- | |
| dèzí | n.i. | river | jèdzi- | |
| dòanyu | n.i. | spear | I.L. dåŋu | |
| Dòazhóa | n.i. | the Doayâu language | Doa. Doayâu | |
| dòbú- | pref. | thick | dòbu- | |
| dòbú | ip.i. | mouth | jòbu- | |
| dòbúba | v.m. | suck | jòbulpa- | |
| dogú | v.m. | perform rituals | jogu- | |
| dòhu | ip.i. | back | ľoxu- | |
| dolu | n.a. | other | jolu- | |
| dolu | n.i. | other | jolu- | |
| dònu | coll.i. | abundance | I.L. donu “fat, abundance” | |
| Dònu | n.i. | a city | I.L. Donu | |
| ʻe | con. | because | 7eľ | |
| e | n.i. | night | seji- | |
| ʻea | ip.a. | hand | 7iľsa- | |
| eahisaba | n.i. | power, might | Ìl. aixisab | |
| Ebaku | n.i. | a city | I.L. Evaku | |
| ʻèda | n.i. | feather | 7èta- | |
| ʻèdá | v.d. | give | 7èda- | |
| eta | n.i. | river, estuary | I.L. eta “river” | |
| echu | n.i. | brick | I.L. etu | |
| ele | v.t. | guard, defend | I.L. el | |
| etakapa | coll.i. | gold | I.L. etakap | |
| èzhì | adv. | oddly | sèhtì “surprisingly” | |
| gá | pp. | on behalf of | ga | |
| gá | n.a. | elder; official; councillor | I.L. ga | |
| gábá | n.a. | nation, people | I.L. gaba “people, tribe” | |
| gáca- | pref. | soil, make dirty | gatsha- | |
| gàmà | v.m. | fear | gàmà- | |
| ganyéahú | n.a. | Wañelinlawag emperor | Šet. Wañeu Hú | |
| Ganyelíni | n.i. | the Great Lake, Wañelín | Šet. Wañelín | |
| Ganyeliló | n.a. | the Wañelinlawag ethnicity | Šet. Wañelinlau | |
| gáta- | pref. | correct | gatha- | |
| gáza | n.i. | lover | gatsa- | |
| gé | con. | but | ge | |
| gé | v.m. | build | I.L. ge | |
| géa | v.i. | make felt | gisa- | |
| géa | v.m. | squeeze, press | gisa- | |
| geda | v.i. | turn | weta- | |
| géda | n.a. | child | geľa- | |
| gedeʻiza | v.i. | meet | wete7ihtsa- | |
| gènà | n.i. | year | wè7nà- | |
| gési- | pref. | dirty | getshi- | |
| gezhùnà | n.i. | next year | wetù7nà- | |
| gezí- | pref. | steep | wedzi- | |
| gèzí | pp. | towards | gè7dzi | |
| gí | par. | (interrogative) | -gi- | |
| gòasù | coll.i. | liquor, strong drink | Doa. goasù | |
| gobu | n.a. | liver | wo7lu- | |
| goga | v.m. | hit | wolka- | |
| gogi | adv. | the day after tomorrow | woki | |
| gógú | ip.a. | tail | gogu- | |
| gógú | v.m. | cook | gogu- | |
| gopa | coll.i. | beans | wopha- | |
| gozé | v.i. | die | wodze- | |
| gozézá | v.m. | kill | wodzedza- | |
| gòzhú | ip.a. | head | gòdu | |
| gozu | v.m. | eat (of herbivorous animals) | wotsu- | |
| gùbù | n.a. | loose woman, slut (used as insult) | Ìl. wùbù “prostitute” | |
| gúgá | v.i. | sleep | guga- | |
| gúgo | ip.a. | leg | gluwo- | |
| gúgu | pp. | after, behind | guku | |
| gúhu | n.a. | wolf | guxu- | |
| gùmu | n.i. | city | I.L. gum | |
| habe | coll.i. | salt | ğa7le- | |
| hàma | coll.i. | berries | głama- | |
| hànya | n.i. | leaf | ğaňa- | |
| hazé | n.i. | mix | gładze- | |
| hàzé- | pref. | big | ğàdze- | |
| hàzé | n.i. | skin | gładze- | |
| he | n.i. | stone | ğeľi- | |
| hèa | n.a. | game animal | głe7ha- | |
| hede | n.i. | hill | ğeje- | |
| hesi | ip.a. | neck | ğeľzi- | |
| hezhuzhú | n.i. | mountain | ğeľudu- | |
| hezi | v.m. | wash | ğehdzi- | |
| hibé | v.m. | drink | ğibe- | |
| hichiba | n.a. | whale | I.L. hichib | |
| hìda | n.i. | wind | ğìta- | |
| higo | v.i. | live, be alive | ğiwo- | |
| higogá | v.m. | give birth to, engender | ğiwoga- | |
| hìnipa | n.i. | harvest | I.L. hinip | |
| hoada | v.m. | milk | ğla7ta- | |
| hobu | n.a. | prostitute; concubine | ğohbu- | |
| hogá | n.i. | spit | ğolga- | |
| hogába | v.i. | spit | ğolgahpa- | |
| hogú- | pref. | quick | ğogu- | |
| hogúboagoʻogú | v.m. | escape from | ğogu7lawo7ogu- | |
| hogúgú | n.a. | eagle | ğogugu- | |
| Hogúgúdú | n.a. | the god of healing | “great eagle” | |
| hòhu | n.i. | tool | ğòxu- | |
| hopa | n.a. | cow | I.L. hop | |
| hu | pp. | outside | ğu | |
| hude- | pref. | heavy | ğuje- | |
| hùgá | n.a. | pig | ğùga- | |
| hùgógú | n.a. | landlord; tycoon | ğùgogu- “rich person” | |
| huka- | pref. | short | głukha- | |
| hùmu- | n.a. | enemy | Ìl. xùnmu | |
| hùnya- | pref. | green | ğłuŋa- | |
| husi | coll.i. | millet | ğulzi- | |
| huzí | n.a. | fish | ğudzi- | |
| ʻi | pp. | if | 7i | |
| ibídá | v.i. | float | I.L. ibida | |
| ʻica | v.m. | fish | 7itsha- | |
| Ìleachébàku | n.i. | the Ìletlégbàku language | Ìl. Ìletlégbàku | |
| ichìmi | v.m. | hollow out | I.L. ichim | |
| ichìmùmu | n.i. | canoe | I.L. ichimum | |
| ʻidá- | pref. | slow | 7ida- | |
| ʻìde | n.i. | name | 7ìje- | |
| ihaba | v.m. | count | I.L. ihab | |
| ihabasha | n.i. | number, tally | “count” + resultative | |
| ihuba | n.i. | seashell | I.L. iub | |
| iʻiza | v.i. | come | ji7ihtsa- | |
| iʻizazá | v.m. | pull | ji7ihtsadza- | |
| ʻima | pp. | without, if not | 7ihma | |
| ipa | v.m. | wipe | ľipha- | |
| ipe | n.a. | crab | I.L. ipe | |
| ipihuba | n.i. | cowrie shell; currency | I.L. ipiub | |
| Ishe | n.i. | the city in which Ishoʻu ʻOhu is spoken | I.L. Ishe | |
| Ishoʻu ʻOhu | n.i. | the language of Ishe | “language of Ishe” | |
| izí | n.i. | arrow | jidzi- | |
| kàʻa- | pref. | black | khà7a- | |
| kaba | n.i. | tree | khapa- | |
| kabògù | n.i. | forest | khapòkù- | |
| kada | n.i. | fire | khaja- | |
| kadaʻada | v.i. | burn | khaja7aja- | |
| kadaba | v.m. | burn | khajahpa- | |
| kadashògù | n.i. | ashes | khajałoku- | |
| kago- | pref. | narrow | khawo- | |
| kahubú | n.i. | rope | I.L. kaubu | |
| kako | v.i. | laugh | khakho- | |
| kakogá | v.m. | mock | khakhoga- | |
| kakogu | adv. | amusingly | khakhoku- | |
| kidá | n.a. | citizen | I.L. kida “man” | |
| kita | coll.i. | butter | I.L. kita | |
| Kitòamo | n.i. | a city | I.L. Kitåmo | |
| kóato | n.i. | party; secular celebration | Doa. kôato | |
| kolu | v.m. | tie, fasten | kholu- | |
| kuba | v.m. | hunt, catch | khulpa- | |
| kugá | n.i. | raft, small boat | khulga- "boat" | |
| kulu | n.i. | anus | khulu- | |
| kùmu | v.m. | consecrate | I.L. kumu | |
| kùmupùmu | n.i. | temple, shrine | I.L. kumupum “shrine, sacred place” | |
| lapike | n.i. | peg; nail (fastener) | I.L. lapike | |
| Lazhísa | n.a. | the god of building and architecture | I.L. Lajisa | |
| lìme | n.i. | wall (of a building) | I.L. lime | |
| lídea | n.a. | crook, villain (used as insult) | Ìl. líye “snake” | |
| lòamili | n.i. | field, arable land | I.L. låmil “earth, soil” | |
| lósa | v.m. | trade | Doa. lósa | |
| lu | n.i. | sea, ocean | I.L. lu | |
| Lupòane | n.a. | the Lukpanic ethnicity | I.L. Lupåne | |
| ma | n.i. | place, location | ma- | |
| màcèa | n.a. | hunting dog | Ìl. màcè | |
| made- | pref. | rotten | maje- | |
| maga- | pref. | sharp | mahga- | |
| mànyisapa | n.i. | paint; dye | I.L. maŋisap “paint” | |
| mase | v.i. | shine | maze- | |
| masèsè | n.i. | moon | mazèzè- | |
| màzà | ip.i. | nose | màdzà- | |
| mazé | n.i. | shore, coast | madze- “sea” | |
| mé | pp. | by means of | me7 | |
| mebi | n.a. | bear | me7li- | |
| mebuzhú | n.a. | warrior (used as honorific) | me7ludu- | |
| mèdà | pp. | along | meľa | |
| mezá | n.a. | dog | medza- | |
| mèza | n.i. | four | mètsa- | |
| mìgó- | pref. | wet | mìgo- | |
| mìna | adv. | the day before yesterday | mìna- | |
| mìnya | ip.a. | mother | miňa | |
| mishi | ip.a. | tongue | miłi- | |
| mìsù | n.i. | herbal tea | Doa. mìsù | |
| mitoalo | v.i. | flow (of rivers) | I.L. mitål “run, flow” | |
| mitòamoalo | n.i. | the world, Akana | I.L. Mitåmål | |
| mitoalùmu | n.i. | process | I.L. mitålum “stream, process” | |
| mo | n.i. | harbour | I.L. mo “belly, harbour” | |
| mòhu | n.a. | sheep | mòğu- | |
| mòhu- | pref. | wide | mòxu- | |
| mopa | coll.i. | ice | I.L. mop | |
| mósu | v.m. | sew | mo7zu- | |
| mu | adv. | completely | mu | |
| mulu | n.i. | buckwheat | I.L. mul | |
| na | n.a. | I | na- | |
| ná | pp. | above | na7 | |
| Nabùmu | n.i. | a city | I.L. Nabum | |
| nahiba | n.i. | roof, terrace | I.L. naib | |
| nàpoalo | n.a. | baby | I.L. napål | |
| nata | n.i. | beam | I.L. nata “rib” | |
| nazé | adv. | rarely | nadze | |
| nazé- | pref. | tame | nadze- | |
| nehoa- | pref. | white | neğla- | |
| nehòahàma | coll.a. | mushrooms | neğlagłama- | |
| nèma | n.i. | boat, ship | I.L. nema | |
| nipa | n.i. | fog | nipha- | |
| noba | n.i. | glyph | I.L. nob “spot, sign, glyph” | |
| nobíhaba | v.m. | read | I.L. nobihab | |
| nòbú | v.m. | think | nòbu- | |
| nogu | n.i. | three | nolku- | |
| nògù | n.i. | left, west | nògù- | |
| nòhu | ip.a. | foot | nòğu- | |
| noʻu | pp. | up towards | no7u | |
| nyade | adv. | frequently | ňaje | |
| nyahu | n.i. | weapon | I.L. ŋau “club, weapon” | |
| nyahuzhu | n.i. | combat | “weapon” + abstract nominaliser | |
| nyepa | v.m. | wage war on | I.L. ŋep “fight” | |
| nyihula | n.a. | goat | I.L. ŋiula | |
| nyìmiba | n.i. | village | I.L. ŋimib “cluster of buildings” | |
| nyisapùmu | n.i. | stew; sauce | I.L. ŋisapum | |
| nyisi- | pref. | smooth | ňizi- | |
| nyoalo | n.i. | realm | I.L. ŋål “land, realm, world” | |
| nyòamo | n.i. | dune | I.L. ŋåm “sand” | |
| nyogú- | pref. | dull, blunt | ňolgu- | |
| nyulu | n.i. | onion | I.L. ŋulu | |
| oalopa | n.i. | carrot | I.L. ålop | |
| òamo | v.m. | assassinate | I.L. åmo “stab” | |
| òamokaba | n.a. | assassin, killer | I.L. åmo “stab” + agentive | |
| pa | n.i. | everyone, everything, all | pha- | |
| pa | dis. | then, next, and | pha- | |
| pà | n.a. | everyone, everything, all | phà | |
| páda | v.m. | throw | pha7ta- | |
| padába | n.i. | storey, floor (of building) | contracted from I.L. vakupadab | |
| pádòzù | n.i. | catapult, siege weapon | “throw” + tool nominaliser | |
| pago | v.i. | walk | pławo- | |
| pagoʻogú | v.i. | walk away | pławo7ogu- | |
| pahuhe | n.i. | door | I.L. pahue | |
| pala | v.i. | swell, grow | phala- | |
| pala- | pref. | far | phala- | |
| pàma | v.i. | fart | błama- | |
| pàmike | v.m. | sail; navigate | I.L. pamike | |
| papáda | v.m. | shoot, hurl (D.O. is the projectile) | phapha7ta- | |
| pasa | coll.i. | copper | I.L. pamike | |
| pasagáhe | n.i. | copper ingot, coin | I.L. pasagae | |
| pazhé | pp. | on top of | I.L. -paje | |
| pèda | n.i. | cloud | pheľa- | |
| pèdogú | n.a. | noble, aristocrat; also used as title | peľogu- “great person” | |
| pi | n.i. | seed | phiji- | |
| Pibahea | n.i. | a city | Ìl. Pigbaye | |
| pida- | pref. | small, weak | phita- | |
| pigo | v.i. | breathe, blow | phiwo- | |
| pigogá | v.m. | inflate | phiwoga- | |
| pishi | n.i. | tree bark | phiłi- | |
| Polu | n.a. | the sea goddess | I.L. Polu | |
| Polubùmu | n.i. | a city | I.L. Polubum | |
| pubu | n.i. | (paved) road | I.L. puvu “road” | |
| pugá | n.a. | chief (esp. of non-urban peoples) | phuga- | |
| pupa | n.i. | wine; alcohol | I.L. pupa | |
| sadába | v.i. | freeze | I.L. sadab | |
| sahipa | n.a. | god | I.L. saip “spirit, god” | |
| se | pp. | down towards | ze | |
| sèanu | n.i. | rumour | Doa. seonu “legend, rumour” | |
| sèda | v.m. | sing | zèta- | |
| sédaʻazá | v.i. | flow away | ze7ta7adza- | |
| sédeʻiza | v.i. | flow towards | ze7te7ihtsa- | |
| sèma- | pref. | bad | zèma- | |
| sesego | n.i. | star | zezewo- | |
| sezé | v.i. | run | zedze- | |
| sezéʻogú | v.i. | run away | zedze7ogu- | |
| sezéʻogùbèzá | v.m. | steal | zedze7ogùbèdza- | |
| sezózu | adv. | quickly | zedzotsu | |
| shagó- | pref. | near | łago- | |
| shaha | ip.i. | eye | łağa- | |
| shaha | n.a. | guard, guide | łağa- | |
| shàha | ip.i. | soul | łağa- | |
| shàhoago | n.a. | priest | łağlawo- | |
| shèsi | n.a. | horse | łezi- | |
| Shetamólo | n.i. | the Šetâmol language | Šet. Šetâmol | |
| shetòa | n.i. | shovel | Doa. yetau | |
| shida | n.a. | snake | łija- | |
| shidaba | v.m. | heal | łijahpa- | |
| shìme | n.a. | heron | I.L. shime | |
| Shìmeshita | n.i. | a city | I.L. Shimeshita | |
| shìna | n.i. | lake | łina- | |
| shita | n.i. | beach | I.L. shita | |
| si | adv. | yesterday | tshi | |
| si | n.i. | two | zi- | |
| siba | n.a. | some | zipa- | |
| siba | n.i. | some | zipa- | |
| siboa- | pref. | dry | tshi7la- | |
| sibú | n.a. | worm | tshibu- | |
| sida | v.d. | teach | tshihta- | |
| sida | v.m. | hear | zija- | |
| sìdá | n.i. | palm (of hand) | zìda- | |
| sìdába | v.m. | count | zìdahpa- | |
| sìgà | v.i. | stand | zìgà- | |
| sìgàzá | v.m. | stick in the ground | zìgàdza- | |
| sìgo | n.i. | pine | zìwo- | |
| sìnya- | pref. | together | tshiňa- | |
| sìnyà- | pref. | think | tshiňa- | |
| sìnyàzu | adv. | thoughtfully | “think” + adverbialiser | |
| sìnyata | v.m. | build, assemble, create | tshiňatha- | |
| sise | n.i. | day | zize- | |
| sisi | coll.i. | fat, grease | ziľzi- | |
| sizí | dis. | instead | tshidzi | |
| soabohepa | coll.i. | silver | I.L. såvoep | |
| sugá | v.i. | float | zuga- | |
| sugáʻazá | v.i. | float downstream | zuga7adza- | |
| sugo | ip.i. | guts | zuwo | |
| sugo | pp. | through, in the middle of | zuwo- | |
| ta | v.m. | do, make | tha- | |
| tabe | n.i. | there | tha7le- | |
| tada | n.i. | milk | thaja- | |
| tàdá- | pref. | cold | thàda- | |
| tago | v.m. | bend | thawo- | |
| tata | v.m. | use | thatha- | |
| tebé | v.m. | sow | I.L. tebe | |
| Toalelìna | n.a. | the goddess of fire and chaos | I.L. Tålelina | |
| tòbú | v.i. | fall | thòbu- | |
| tòbúgá | v.m. | fell, chop down | thòbuga- | |
| u | con. | or | su | |
| u | dis. | or | su | |
| u | n.i. | language | I.L. u “words, speech” | |
| ubíhumu | n.i. | knife, dagger | I.L. ubium “knife, sharp tool” | |
| ʻuda | n.i. | pain | 7uja- | |
| ʻudaʻada | v.i. | be in pain | 7uja7aja- | |
| ʻudazá | v.m. | cause pain | 7ujadza- | |
| ʻudazásha | ip.i. | wound, injury | 7ujadzała- | |
| ʻugá | n.i. | five | 7uga- | |
| ʻùga | ip.i. | tooth | 7ùka- | |
| ʻùgaba | v.m. | bite | 7ùkahpa- | |
| ʻugo | n.i. | vomit | 7uwo- | |
| ʻùgoaba | v.m. | eat non-meat | 7ùkalpa- | |
| ʻùgoabazá | v.d. | feed | “eat” + causative | |
| ʻugoba | v.i. | vomit | 7uwolpa- | |
| úha | adv. | tomorrow | su7xa | |
| uhita- | pref. | right (opposite of left) | I.L. uita | |
| ùla- | pref. | round | sùla- | |
| ùma- | pref. | difficult | I.L. uma | |
| ùmu | n.a. | king | I.L. umu “leader” | |
| za | con. | and | tsa | |
| za | dis. | also, and | tsah | |
| zàlà | v.m. | stab | dzàlà- | |
| zàma- | pref. | red | dzàma- | |
| zaza | con. | moreover | tsatsa | |
| zaza | dis. | because | tsatsa | |
| zé | pp. | across, through | dze | |
| zé | pp. | to | dze | |
| zé | dis. | however | dze7 | |
| zéa | v.m. | dance | dzèsa- | |
| zédá | v.m. | see, know | dzeľda- | |
| zégá | v.i. | sit | dzega- | |
| zégázá | v.m. | seat | dzegadza- | |
| zegùzú | n.i. | saddle | tsegùdzu < Iŋ. cegujú “saddle blanket” | |
| zéhi | n.i. | dance | “dance” + nominaliser | |
| zéza | n.a. | heart | dzehdza- | |
| zézí | v.m. | say | dzedzi- | |
| zhá | pp. | for | dła | |
| zhéʻa | n.i. | land | dłe7a- | |
| zhéku | v.d. | trade, barter | I.L. jeku | |
| zhégá | n.a. | tribe | dłe7ga- | |
| zhezhe | v.i. | prepare leather | tľetľe- | |
| zhezhe | v.m. | rub | tľetľe- | |
| zhisa | coll.i. | hair | tiza- | |
| zhú | dis. | therefore; thus | du7 | |
| zhù- | pref. | long | dłu- | |
| zhubi | n.a. | few | tupi- | |
| zhubi | n.i. | few | tupi- | |
| zhuga | n.i. | house, home | tuka- | |
| zhúguga | n.i. | family; longhouse | dłukuka- | |
| zhúha- | pref. | good | duğa- | |
| zhúhe | n.a. | saltwater fish | I.L. due “fish” | |
| zhùma | v.m. | grind, mill | ľuma- | |
| zhùme | n.i. | sail | I.L. dume “large leaf, sheet, sail” | |
| zhùmè | n.i. | right, east | ľume- | |
| Zhùnòmo | n.a. | the god of crafts | I.L. Dunom | |
| zhúzé | n.i. | sky | dudze- | |
| zíde | v.m. | want | dzije- | |
| zídesha | ip.i. | want, wish, desire | dzijeła- | |
| zígá | adv. | continuously | dzi7ga | |
| zígá- | pref. | yellow | dziga- | |
| zígáka | coll.i. | bronze | “yellow” + nominaliser | |
| zìʻì | n.a. | bee | dzì7ì- | |
| zìʻìka | n.i. | honey, sweetness | dzì7ìkha- | |
| zìnya | ip.i. | fingernail | dziňa- | |
| zípe | n.a. | water | dziphe- | |
| zìzí- | pref. | straight | dzìdzi- | |
| zóadàdà | n.a. | bird | dzaldàjà- | |
| zóadàdòʻuʻea | ip.a. | wing | dzaldajo7u7iľsa- | |
| zubá | n.a. | fruit | tsuba- | |
| zùbi | ip.a. | breast | dzù7li- | |
| zùnu- | pref. | full | dzùnu- | |
| zupu | v.m. | itch, irritate | tsuphu- | |
| zúpu | v.m. | gather, hunt, fish | dzuphu- | |
| zupugáda | n.a. | louse | tsuphugaja- | |
| zúpugózhu | n.a. | fisherman | dzuphugoju- |
487 words.