Proto-Lukpanic/Lexicon
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
This is a lexicon of Proto-Lukpanic.
word | class | meaning | etymology |
---|---|---|---|
a | v. | speak (of divine or proclamatory speech) | |
abu | v. | give | |
adal | v. | hit | |
adita | v. | spit | |
aəp | n. | metal | |
ahub | n. | wind | |
akpa | adj. | wide | |
akpea | n. | fog | |
aloap | n. | carrot; metaphorically, a skinny woman | |
ama | n. | wood | |
amina | n. | neck | |
aniəm | adj. | colored; painted | Tm. ahńǫ "color, dye" |
aŋea | v. | push | |
aŋi | n. | blood | |
apoa | n. | lizard; reptile | |
apul | adj. | bad | |
atim | adj. | old | |
baba | n. | ear | |
baəba | n. | snow | |
bai | adj. | thin | |
-bal | quant. | some; not all | |
bib | conj. | if | |
bisu | n. | woodlouse (common food) | |
bita | adj. | green | |
-biu | quant. | no; none | |
buəl | n. | person (esp. a foreigner or stranger) | |
buimi | v. | return; continue; flow (of tides) | |
busa | adj. | crazy | |
butu | n. | honey | |
bupitu | n. | mead | dim. of "honey" |
dada | v. | swim | |
daəb | n. | woman | |
daəŋa | n. | tail | |
dakadap | n. | nonsense | perhaps imit. |
dalap | v. | stand | |
dam | v. | breathe | |
danab | n. | smoke | |
danisa | adj. | full | |
daŋu | n. | spear | |
deab | v. | ebb | |
deau | num. | four | |
dib | adj. | good | |
disi | n. | husband | |
diəku | v. | trade; exchange; barter | |
doanu | n. | fat; abundance | |
Doanu | n. | a city | "Abundance" |
du | v. | come | |
dudu | v. | come suddenly; spring forth | redup. of du "come" |
dui | n. | fish | |
dumea | n. | large leaf; sheet; sail | |
ea | v. | cease; stop | |
eadami | n. | death | "cessation of breath" |
eahoana | n. | tip (of an arrow or spear) | Emp. ʔéʔóná "its tooth" |
eakaikea | n. | game; competition | Emp. ékayé |
eama | adj. | straight | |
eatu | n. | brick | |
eavusoa | v. | to spoil; sabotage | Emp. éwodzó "to ruin a party" |
gaəl | n. | knee | |
gai | n. | large piece; large object | |
ganam | n. | milk | |
gba | n. | elder; official | |
gbagba | n. | people; tribe | "the elders" (metonymically, the whole tribe) |
gbai | v. | look (in a hostile way); [with -igba-] confront | |
gbi | v. | build | |
gbital | n. | forest | |
gboa | n. | skin | |
gbum | n. | city | nom. of "build" |
gbunea | v. | swell | |
gi | pron. | you (masc.) | |
gi | n. | place; destination; direction of motion | possibly related to gi "you" |
giba | n. | rotten onions | |
gimi | v. | kill | |
ginip | n. | the harvest | |
gitib | n. | whale | |
goa | n. | day | |
goa | n. | origin; source of motion; [as a pronoun] there | |
goap | n. | cow; cattle | |
gu | pron. | you (fem.) | |
guəlu | adj. | dirty | |
gugu | pron. | you (pl.) | |
haəl | n. | bean | |
haəlal | n. | mass of small objects | redup. of earlier *hahl "bean" |
haəp | n. | dream | |
haga | v. | eat | |
haim | n. | night | |
haimikpani | adj. | west | "facing toward the night" |
haisa | n. | wing | |
haŋi | n. | tooth | |
haŋmoa | v. | stab | |
haub | v. | elicit; cause (of emotions; states) | |
hiba | v. | fly | |
hidib | adj. | sweet | |
hiəl | v. | to enclose; defend; guard | |
hiəlum | n. | wall (defensive); barrier; palisade | nom. of "defend" |
hikpi | n. | crab | |
hil | n. | child | |
hu | n. | words; speech | |
hu | v. | fall | |
huəb | n. | hair (collective) | |
huəsa | v. | sing | |
huita | n. | cave; grotto | |
huigu | n. | lung | |
hul | num. | three | |
hum | n. | animal | |
humu | adj. | dull | |
huŋmu | n. | leader | |
ibida | v. | float | |
iəta | n. | river | |
iətakaəp | n. | gold | "river-metal" |
iəpam | n. | mountain pass; shortcut | Tm. yepę "mountain pass" |
Iəvaku | n. | a city | il vaku "sturdy buildings" |
igab | v. | count | |
ikui | v. | slit; separate | |
il | adj. | strong; sturdy; well-built | |
ilai | n. | foot | |
Isi | n. | a city | ? |
itim | v. | hollow out | |
itimum | n. | canoe | nom. of "hollow" |
iub | n. | seashell | |
ipiub | n. | cowrie shell; currency; coin | dim. of "seashell" |
iutu | n. | year | |
ivi | n. | worm | |
ka | adj. | each | |
ka | n. | each one | |
kab | v. | to do again (once) | |
kabi | adv. | again | gerund of kab |
kaəm | n. | baby animal | |
kakaəm | n. | litter | coll. of kaəm |
kaka | v. | drink | |
kaŋa | v. | walk; [with -igba-] journey; make one's way | |
kapil | n. | fire | |
kapilutu | n. | hearth; oven | "fire womb" |
kasap | v. | growl | |
kau | adj. | near | |
keasa | adj. | sharp | |
ki | v. | turn | |
-kim | suff. | adjective marker | |
kib | n. | house; hut | |
kida | n. | man | |
kigu | v. | wave (of hair; grass; flags, etc.); rock back and forth; wag (of tails) | |
kikpim | n. | louse | |
kipisea | n. | desert | Tm. kipceʔ |
koabatoa | n. | celebration (non-religious) | Emp. khampató "night" |
kpakpa | n. | fear | redup. of *kpa "fear" |
kpakim | adj. | scary | *kpa "fear" + -kim |
kpadal | n. | breast | |
kpaənu | v. | sleep | |
kpal | n. | bee | |
kpalutu | n. | beehive | "bee womb" |
kpaubu | n. | rope | |
kpi | pron. | what; who (interrogative) | |
kpim | pron. | so what; what of it? | |
kpinal | pron. | how; in what manner | |
kpisa | pron. | when | |
kpita | n. | butter | |
Kpitamoa | n. | a city | "Butter Harbor" |
kpugba | n. | liver | |
kuea | adj. | yellow | |
kul | adj. | short | |
kumoab | n. | priest | "one who consecrates" |
kumu | v. | consecrate | |
kumupum | n. | shrine; sacred place | nom. of "consecrate" |
kuŋi | n. | arm | |
-la | suff. | and | |
lab | v. | crawl | |
laəp | n. | nose | |
laəpisikui | adj. | foolish (by nature) | "not having a nose" |
laki | n. | finger | |
lapiki | n. | nail; peg | dim. of "finger" |
lamil | n. | earth; soil | |
lanaseam | n. | concern; problem | Emp. lánádzém "my worries" |
-laŋal | quant. | many | |
laŋea | n. | leather | Emp. tlaŋe "animal skin" |
lap | n. | water | |
latui | n. | stick | |
li | v. | know | |
lim | adj. | sour | |
liŋmi | n. | wall (of house) | |
loa | n. | leg | |
loakpa | v. | rub | |
loasa | v. | trade | Tm. lǫća "to exchange" |
lu | n. | sea; ocean | |
lui | n. | meat | |
luigai | n. | slab of meat | lui + gai |
Lukpani | adj. | autonym of speakers | "facing toward the sea" |
Lunuəsi | adj. | the eastern barbarians | "facing away from the sea" |
ma | intj. | yes! indeed! | |
mab | adj. | big | |
madam | v. | do repeatedly | |
madami | adv. | over and over | gerund of madam |
mal | adj. | blue | |
maənu | v. | dig | |
maəŋisap | n. | paint | "blue mixture" |
magoa | n. | salt | |
-mea | quant. | all | |
mi | n. | sky | |
mimi | adj. | warm | |
mita | n. | dog; wolf | |
mital | v. | run; flow (of rivers) | |
mitalum | n. | stream; process | nom. of "flow" |
Mitaŋmal | n. | the world; Akana | "dog-world" |
moa | n. | belly; harbor | |
moakpa | n. | tower | Tm. mǫʔpa "summit, peak" |
moap | v. | blow | |
mu | n. | mother | |
muəp | n. | ice | |
mugbi | n. | wife | |
mul | n. | buckwheat | |
mumu | adj. | black | |
mutu | n. | head | |
na | n. | tree | |
Naəgbum | n. | a city | "New Town" |
naəp | adj. | new | |
naəpal | n. | baby | related to "new" |
naəta | n. | rib | |
naib | n. | roof; terrace | |
naivu | n. | intestines | |
naivusi | adj. | sturdy; well-built | "having intestines" |
nal | v. | vomit | |
nalal | v. | lie; recline | |
naŋi | adj. | rotten | |
naŋium | n. | decay; sin; abomination | nom. of naŋi |
napila | v. | tie | |
navoanu | n. | knowledge; wisdom | Emp. nawonu "intelligence" |
neahi | n. | belt | Tm. nęhi |
neama | n. | boat; ship | perhaps "clasp" + "wood" |
neasal | v. | think | |
ni | v. | hold tightly; clasp | |
nil | v. | feel (of emotions) | |
niəkpa | v. | fear | nil "feel" + *kpa "fear" |
nimeam | adj. | smooth | |
nimi | adj. | thick | |
nipu | v. | chew; grind (of teeth); [with -igba-] concentrate | |
nium | num. | five | nom. of "clasp" |
noab | n. | spot; sign; glyph | |
noabigab | v. | read | "count the glyphs" |
nu | n. | eye | |
nu | pp. | from; after | |
nuəp | n. | root | |
nuŋu | v. | throw | |
ŋ- | v. | to not be; negative copula | |
ŋaisi | v. | wash | |
ŋana | v. | say | |
ŋap | n. | seed | |
ŋasi | v. | die | |
ŋau | n. | club; weapon | |
ŋaup | v. | bark | prob. imitative |
ŋeaseaka | n. | gem; jewel | Emp. ŋésékhá |
ŋib | n. | insect | |
ŋimib | n. | cluster of buildings | |
ŋisap | v. | blend; mix | |
ŋisapum | n. | stew; sauce | nom. of "mix" |
ŋma | pron. | I (masc.) | |
ŋmagu | pron. | we (incl.) | "me [and] you" |
ŋmal | n. | land; realm; world | |
ŋmam | n. | sand | |
ŋmaŋma | pron. | we (excl.) | |
ŋmeap | v. | fight | |
ŋmib | num. | two | |
ŋmiula | n. | goat | |
ŋmu | pron. | I (fem.) | |
ŋmuŋmu | pron. | we (excl., var.form) | |
ŋmudu | n. | corpse | |
ŋuhim | n. | horn | |
ŋulu | n. | onion | |
ŋunupa | adj. | round | |
oabi | adj. | wet | |
pagui | n. | door | |
paip | n. | name | |
pam | v. | see | |
pamiki | v. | sail; navigate | "see and turn" |
paŋmap | n. | nail | |
papal | v. | squeeze | |
pasa | n. | copper | |
pasagai | n. | copper ingot; coin | "copper slab" |
pau | v. | to cry out (of animals); [with -igba-] to be startled | prob. imitative |
peani | n. | Kipceʔ-style basket | Tm. peńi "basket" |
peasa | n. | tongue | |
pi | pron. | what; which (interrogative) | |
piəbai | adj. | correct | |
pigba | n. | lake | |
pima | n. | laurel tree | |
pium | n. | egg | |
poahi | n. | mouth | |
poahisikui | adj. | boring, tasteless, taciturn (by nature) | "not having a mouth" |
Poalu | n. | name of a sea goddess | |
Poalugbum | n. | a city | "city of Poalu" |
pum | v. | grow | |
pugui | v. | wipe | |
pukpa | n. | wine; alcohol | |
pulaha | n. | gift | Tm. polaha |
pusa | v. | gather | |
puvab | n. | star | |
puvu | n. | road | |
s- | v. | have (of inalienable possessions) | |
-sa | suff. | and (var. form) | |
sa | pron. | he | |
-sab | suff. | one who possesses X | agentive of s- |
sadab | v. | freeze | |
saəkpa | v. | bring in great quantity | Tm. calkwa "pile, heap" |
sagau | v. | split | |
saip | n. | spirit; god | |
saki | n. | lavender | |
samu | v. | pull | |
saŋim | v. | bite | |
sap | adj. | far | |
sasa | n. | father | |
sasaip | n. | the gods (coll.) | redup. of saip |
savu | adj. | white | |
savoaəp | n. | silver | "white metal" |
seab | v. | hear | |
seam | v. | burn | |
seanalu | n. | song; folktale | Emp. senállú "song" |
si | pp. | in; at; to; into | |
siəm | n. | flower | |
sim | conj. | now; so; therefore | |
simip | n. | spleen | |
siŋi | adj. | long | |
Siŋmeasita | n. | a city | "Heron Beach" |
siŋmea | n. | heron | |
sita | n. | beach | |
soal | adj. | narrow | |
su | pron. | she | |
sumi | n. | rain | |
sumoa | n. | stuff; possessions | Tm. comǫ "content (of a bag)" |
supu | num. | one | |
susam | v. | be curious about; investigate | Tm. ćosą "to be curious about" |
susu | pron. | they | |
suvum | n. | leaf | |
t- | v. | to be; the copula | |
ta | v. | sit | |
tabib | n. | throat | |
taəl | n. | mountain | |
taəsa | n. | back | |
tam | n. | parsley | |
tamikim | adj. | bitter | tam + -kim |
tamu | adj. | heavy | |
tapa | adj. | other | |
tau | adj. | cold | |
teabi | v. | sow | |
tealu | n. | an alcoholic drink made from milk | Emp. théllú |
tib | n. | person | |
tibi | v. | play | |
tiəl | n. | fruit | |
tila | n. | tin | |
tigbi | v. | live | |
tisi | v. | scratch; write | |
tisip | n. | cheek | |
tisium | n. | writing | "scratchings" |
toa | n. | bird | |
toaba | n. | cloud | |
tu | n. | bone | |
tuəm | n. | buckwheat porridge | |
tuilu | v. | laugh | |
tuip | v. | hunt | |
tukpu | v. | suck | |
tuku | n. | stone; rock | |
tuku | v. | make; do; perform | |
tugim | n. | grape | |
tuvi | n. | feather | |
u | pp. | of; from | |
ub | adj. | small | |
ubi | v. | cut | |
ubium | n. | knife; any sharp tool | "cutter" |
uəl | n. | sun | |
uəvu | v. | smell | |
ugbu | n. | hand | |
uhub | n. | grass | |
uita | adj. | right | |
umu | v. | hold (loosely) | |
una | adj. | difficult | |
uŋa | conj. | and; and then | |
-usi | quant. | few | |
usi | n. | heart | |
utasa | n. | dust | |
utu | n. | womb | |
vaku | n. | house; building | |
vakupadab | n. | story; floor (of building) | "what is on top of the building" |
val | adj. | dry | |
vam | n. | moon | |
vaŋi | adj. | red | |
vau | n. | snake | |
veaka | n. | duty; obligation | Emp. wékhá "weight; burden" |
vi | v. | plant | |
Vilavi | n. | the Wellawi people | |
vili | adj. | good; fine; beautiful | |
vileaəp | n. | bronze | "fine metal" |
vinita | n. | ceremony | |
viŋal | v. | gather insects to eat | |
viŋma | n. | hibiscus | |
vip- | pref. | [with adjectives] not; [with nouns] lacking | |
vipikau | n. | desert | "not near" |
vipuŋa | adj. | easy | "not difficult" |
vipuita | adj. | left | "not right" |
voai | v. | fish | |
vula | v. | gesture; make a sign | |
vusai | n. | fig | |
vuveasum | n. | liquor; booze | Emp. wuwédzum "alcohol" |