Place name elements/Western
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English | Proto-Western | Tmaśareʔ | Empotle7á | Gezoro | Çetázó | Iŋomœ́ | PCW | Ìletlégbàku | Ishoʻu ʻOhu | Doayâu |
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archipelago | ||||||||||
bay | (tłuγẽ) | cońę | ||||||||
beach | (kʰeyakʷi) | malekehkwi | (khééwu) | (çejægʷi) | (ke:kagý) | (tshehga) | sita | shita, mazé | màmu | |
bend | (tʰawdzũ) | tohnǫ | (thotlom) | (θawdzun) | (ta:jú) | (thùdzù) | (tichù) | (chùzù) | turù | |
border | ||||||||||
bridge | natanǫ | |||||||||
broad, wide | mãsu- | ciʔ-, mono- | manó- | mazu | múnhɯ- | mòxu- | mùxu- | mòhu- | màfu- | |
camp | tɯcaló | |||||||||
cape | (ehona) | |||||||||
castle | ćassǫto | chéyàxù | tséyòfù | |||||||
cave | (kʷiyĩ) | kwiyę | ||||||||
city | (kmǫ) | gùmu | gùmu | |||||||
clearing | ||||||||||
cliff | kehka | basau | ||||||||
coast | malekehkwi | mazé | ||||||||
confluence | (çetéɬtsa) | |||||||||
corner | oso | turù, basau | ||||||||
cottage | (tucakʷi) | (tockwi) | (tudzægʷi) | tike | ||||||
court(yard) | (tsea) | |||||||||
cove | ||||||||||
creek, brook | ||||||||||
crossroads | ||||||||||
dark, black | kʰãʔa- | kąʔ- | khampá- | xana | káo- | khà7a- | káke- | kàʻa- | kà- | |
delta | (çetéɬtsa) | eta | ||||||||
ditch, moat | ||||||||||
downriver | (-ʔadzu) | (-atlo) | (-azu) | (-ujɯ) | (-ogu) | (-agbù) | (-ogú) | (-au) | ||
east | lumẽ | lúmem | lumen | lɯmœ́ | ľùmè | yìmè | zhùmè | lùmè | ||
edge | oso | (besògù) | (besàgbù) | (bèagù) | basau | |||||
enclosure | -geatá | |||||||||
family('s home) | dłũtuca | cǫcca | (tuts) | dłukuka | tlikpuke | zhúguga | tumeagìla | |||
far | pʰala- | peńę- | phálá- | fola | pálo- | phala- | páwe- | pala- | fáli- | |
farm | otabozɯ́ | (atùgàru) | ||||||||
fence, boundary | (ćępesso) | |||||||||
field | kǫpoke | khampákéé | ranja | léo | lòamili | nàyu | ||||
foot, base (of a hill) | (nãγu) | nańo | (naŋó) | (naŋu) | (nuŋɯ́) | (nòğu) | (nùxù) | (nòhu) | ||
ford | ||||||||||
forest, wood | kʰapacũ | kpahcǫ | khápátsom | xabadzun | kabucɯ́ | khapòkù | kápàkpù | kabògù | kápàpù | |
fort | ćassǫto | chéyàxù | tséyòfù | |||||||
gap, pass | yepę | (yáfà) | ||||||||
garden, orchard | yatʰapa | tahpa | éthápá | jathō | jaθaba | otabó | jathapa | yatépe | databa | tsea |
gate, entrance | ńipą | (yàwène-) | pahuhe | fagi | ||||||
gathering place | (kńaćkama) | |||||||||
good | duγa- | roh- | towa- | duγa | zɯ́sa:- | duğa- | dìxè- | zhúha- | doa- | |
grant, fiefdom | ||||||||||
grass | taka | taka | táká | taga | togó | taga | tagè | dagá | tà | |
grave, tomb | (lìlìngea-) | |||||||||
gravel bank | (kʰeyakʷi) | |||||||||
great, big | γãdže-, -du | ńąś-, -ro | wané- | gezor | γañe, -ðu | sá:nhe- | ğàdze- | mab-, xàchè- | hàzé- | gìra- |
green | γłuna- | lǫ- | woná- | γɬuna | lɯ́no- | ğłùŋa- | xlìnge- | hùnya- | lùmu- | |
harbour, port | moha | mawa | mo | afùmai | ||||||
hedge | ||||||||||
hill, height | γʷeye | weye, leʔcahma | wóé | γʷeje | sœ:ké | ğeje | sheye | hede | tau, (gea) | |
hollow | ||||||||||
holy place | kùmupun | |||||||||
home(stead) | tuca | toca, śokmąką | tótsá | tuts | tudza | tɯcá | tuka | waku, kib | zhuga | gáku, dupuka, tuka |
inheritance | ||||||||||
inn, hostel | ||||||||||
island | (γʷẽdłe) | mińe | ||||||||
islet | hitmińe | |||||||||
lake | łina, (dzãʔũ) | hina, nąʔǫ | léná | ɬina | siná | łìna | lìne | shìna | sìna | |
land | dłeʔa, -dłe, -γẽ | cahma, -ce | tlé7á | da | dlé | leó, -lé | dłe7a | tléke | zhéʻa, nyoalo | dêa |
little, small | pʰita-, -kʷi | hit-, pnǫ- | phétá- | -gʷi | pýdo- | phita- | (kliké-) | pida- | tsingì-, duká- | |
loan | ||||||||||
lower | (maγa-) | ma- | ||||||||
lush, fertile | dònu | |||||||||
market | xagalùl | hagalù | ||||||||
meadow | (takadłe) | męcahma | (takatlé) | (tagadle) | (taga7le) | (tagewe) | (dagábe) | (tále) | ||
middle, center | ceʔla, cic- | zuwo | sugo | |||||||
mill | (lũmaγẽ) | (lùmùrè) | ||||||||
mine | gekhoija | |||||||||
mountain, peak | γʷeley, (mũʔpa) | weli, mǫʔpa | wolé | γʷelej | sœ:leí | ğeľudu | sheyudù | hezhuzhú | galuyu | |
narrow | kʰawa- | kaho- | kho- | xawa | ká:po- | khawo- | káwa- | kago- | kágo- | |
near | łakʷa- | hakwa-, weʔą- | lawo- | ɬagʷa | lágo- | łago- | lagbà- | shagó- | suga-, -mea | |
new | plãka- | pąk- | tlaŋa- | plaga | lóŋho- | pľàga- | pyàgè- | bèagá- | pêa- | |
north | ||||||||||
old | yada- | yara- | éa- | jaud | jada | ózo- | jada- | yadè- | dadá- | atì-, yeri- |
open land, plains | takadłe | ciʔńę, takace | takatlé | tagadle | munhɯdogolé | taga7le | tagewe | dagábe | tále | |
pasture | (takadłe) | męcahma | (takatlé) | (tagadle) | munhɯdogolé | (taga7le) | (tagewe) | (dagábe) | (tále) | |
path(way) | pãtadzũ | pątanǫ | phanátlom | padazun | ponhujú | pàtògù | pàtàgbù | bàdògù | ||
peninsula | (ehona) | |||||||||
people of... | -lawV, -yaʔV | -lawV | -lugV, -àma | |||||||
place | ma, -γẽ | olco, -ma, -ńę | má | ma, -γen | mo | ma | ma | ma | -rè, -mau | |
point, head | (kʷẽdu) | (kmeno) | (konú) | (kʷenu) | (kœnhɯ́) | gòdu | gbùdù, ma | gòzhú | ||
portage | ||||||||||
promontory; nose | hipę | |||||||||
rapids | ||||||||||
reach | (-ʔiłca) | (-ellá) | (-iusa) | -ádi, -mea | ||||||
red | dzama- | cma- | tlámá- | dzama | jómo- | dzàma- | càme- | zàma- | dùmu- | |
residence | dłũtuca | śokmąką | (tudza) | tɯcaló | (dłukuka) | waku | zhuga | gáku | ||
ridge | ćohcę | |||||||||
river | yãki | yąki | éŋi | jægi | aŋí | jèdzi | yèchì, (ite) | dèzí, eta | yàri | |
river bank | mazé | |||||||||
river mouth | eta | |||||||||
road | pãtadzũ | pątanǫ | phanátlom | padazun | ponhujú | pàtògù | puwu, pàtàgbù | pubu, bàdògù | pùtau | |
rock | kʰełka | kehka | khella | çeɬka | keukó | ğeľi | sheyi | he | túku | |
sacred | (bakʰe) | hak- | (wakhe) | |||||||
sand | kʰeyakʷi | kehkwi | khééwu | çejægʷi | ke:kagý | tshehga | chegè | cega, nyòamo | tséka, (màmu) | |
sea, ocean | madže | male | mátlé | maze | mojé | madze | machè | lu | murayu | |
settlement | (dłeʔka) | tockana | phátótsá | ngìmub | nyìmiba | ngìmi | ||||
shelter | (yeʔ-) | (tɯcá) | afùmai | |||||||
shore | (malekehkwi) | mazé | ||||||||
source, fountain | (kyupʰeγẽ) | ćopńę | ||||||||
south | ||||||||||
stockade | kʰeyasłũ | ćępesso, keyassǫ, lęmi | khééllom | çejasɬun | ke:kalú | tshejòhxù | chéyàxù, lìnmu | cedòhù, lìme | nìmi | |
stone | kʰełka | kehka | khella | çeɬka | keukó | ğeľi | sheyi | he | túku | |
stream | yãki | yąki | éŋi | jægi | aŋí | jèdzi | yèchì, (ite) | dèzí, eta | yàri | |
swamp, bog | ||||||||||
temple | kùmupun | kùmupùmu | kùfùmu | |||||||
thicket, grove | khōja | |||||||||
tower | makpa | mópa | ||||||||
town | (kmǫ) | gùmu | gùmu | |||||||
upper | (łiγi-) | hi- | ||||||||
upriver | ||||||||||
valley | (łiʔna) | hiʔna | ||||||||
village | tockana | phátótsá | saignedja | ngìmub | nyìmiba | ngìmi | ||||
water | kyupʰe | ćohe | kiphé | cufe | cɯpœ́ | dziphe | chìpé | zípe | difé | |
west | nadũ | náom | nadun | nozú | nògù | nùgbù | nògù | hèmbai | ||
wharf | ||||||||||
white, bright | neγla- | wepi- | newá- | neγla | nélo- | neğla- | nexwe- | nehoa- | ngeali- |