Proto-Lukpanic/Lexicon

This is a lexicon of Proto-Lukpanic.

word	class	meaning	etymology
a	v.	speak (of divine or proclamatory speech)
abu	v.	give
adal	v.	hit
adita	v.	spit
aəp	n.	metal
ahub	n.	wind
akpa	adj.	wide
akpea	n.	fog
aloap	n.	carrot; metaphorically, a skinny woman
ama	n.	wood
amina	n.	neck
aniəm	adj.	colored; painted	Tm. ahńǫ "color, dye"
aŋea	v.	push
aŋi	n.	blood
apoa	n.	lizard; reptile
apul	adj.	bad
atim	adj.	old
baba	n.	ear
baəba	n.	snow
bai	adj.	thin
-bal	quant.	some; not all
bib	conj.	if
bisu	n.	woodlouse (common food)
bita	adj.	green
-biu	quant.	no; none
buəl	n.	person (esp. a foreigner or stranger)
buimi	v.	return; continue; flow (of tides)
busa	adj.	crazy
butu	n.	honey
bupitu	n.	mead	dim. of "honey"
dada	v.	swim
daəb	n.	woman
daəŋa	n.	tail
dakadap	n.	nonsense	perhaps imit.
dalap	v.	stand
dam	v.	breathe
danab	n.	smoke
danisa	adj.	full
daŋu	n.	spear
deab	v.	ebb
deau	num.	four
dib	adj.	good
disi	n.	husband
diəku	v.	trade; exchange; barter
doanu	n.	fat; abundance
Doanu	n.	a city	"Abundance"
du	v.	come
dudu	v.	come suddenly; spring forth	redup. of du "come"
dui	n.	fish
dumea	n.	large leaf; sheet; sail
ea	v.	cease; stop
eadami	n.	death	"cessation of breath"
eahoana	n.	tip (of an arrow or spear)	Emp. ʔéʔóná "its tooth"
eakaikea	n.	game; competition	Emp. ékayé
eama	adj.	straight
eatu	n.	brick
eavusoa	v.	to spoil; sabotage	Emp. éwodzó "to ruin a party"
gaəl	n.	knee
gai	n.	large piece; large object
ganam	n.	milk
gba	n.	elder; official
gbagba	n.	people; tribe	"the elders" (metonymically, the whole tribe)
gbai	v.	look (in a hostile way); [with -igba-] confront
gbi	v.	build
gbital	n.	forest
gboa	n.	skin
gbum	n.	city	nom. of "build"
gbunea	v.	swell
gi	pron.	you (masc.)
gi	n.	place; destination; direction of motion	possibly related to gi "you"
giba	n.	rotten onions
gimi	v.	kill
ginip	n.	the harvest
gitib	n.	whale
goa	n.	day
goa	n.	origin; source of motion; [as a pronoun] there
goap	n.	cow; cattle
gu	pron.	you (fem.)
guəlu	adj.	dirty
gugu	pron.	you (pl.)
haəl	n.	bean
haəlal	n.	mass of small objects	redup. of earlier *hahl "bean"
haəp	n.	dream
haga	v.	eat
haim	n.	night
haimikpani	adj.	west	"facing toward the night"
haisa	n.	wing
haŋi	n.	tooth
haŋmoa	v.	stab
haub	v.	elicit; cause (of emotions; states)
hiba	v.	fly
hidib	adj.	sweet
hiəl	v.	to enclose; defend; guard
hiəlum	n.	wall (defensive); barrier; palisade	nom. of "defend"
hikpi	n.	crab
hil	n.	child
hu	n.	words; speech
hu	v.	fall
huəb	n.	hair (collective)
huəsa	v.	sing
huita	n.	cave; grotto
huigu	n.	lung
hul	num.	three
hum	n.	animal
humu	adj.	dull
huŋmu	n.	leader
ibida	v.	float
iəta	n.	river
iətakaəp	n.	gold	"river-metal"
iəpam	n.	mountain pass; shortcut	Tm. yepę "mountain pass"
Iəvaku	n.	a city	il vaku "sturdy buildings"
igab	v.	count
ikui	v.	slit; separate
il	adj.	strong; sturdy; well-built
ilai	n.	foot
Isi	n.	a city	?
itim	v.	hollow out
itimum	n.	canoe	nom. of "hollow"
iub	n.	seashell
ipiub	n.	cowrie shell; currency; coin	dim. of "seashell"
iutu	n.	year
ivi	n.	worm
ka	adj.	each
ka	n.	each one
kab	v.	to do again (once)
kabi	adv.	again	gerund of kab
kaəm	n.	baby animal
kakaəm	n.	litter	coll. of kaəm
kaka	v.	drink
kaŋa	v.	walk; [with -igba-] journey; make one's way
kapil	n.	fire
kapilutu	n.	hearth; oven	"fire womb"
kasap	v.	growl
kau	adj.	near
keasa	adj.	sharp
ki	v.	turn
-kim	suff.	adjective marker
kib	n.	house; hut
kida	n.	man
kigu	v.	wave (of hair; grass; flags, etc.); rock back and forth; wag (of tails)
kikpim	n.	louse
kipisea	n.	desert	Tm. kipceʔ
koabatoa	n.	celebration (non-religious)	Emp. khampató "night"
kpakpa	n.	fear	redup. of *kpa "fear"
kpakim	adj.	scary	*kpa "fear" + -kim
kpadal	n.	breast
kpaənu	v.	sleep
kpal	n.	bee
kpalutu	n.	beehive	"bee womb"
kpaubu	n.	rope
kpi	pron.	what; who (interrogative)
kpim	pron.	so what; what of it?
kpinal	pron.	how; in what manner
kpisa	pron.	when
kpita	n.	butter
Kpitamoa	n.	a city	"Butter Harbor"
kpugba	n.	liver
kuea	adj.	yellow
kul	adj.	short
kumoab	n.	priest	"one who consecrates"
kumu	v.	consecrate
kumupum	n.	shrine; sacred place	nom. of "consecrate"
kuŋi	n.	arm
-la	suff.	and
lab	v.	crawl
laəp	n.	nose
laəpisikui	adj.	foolish (by nature)	"not having a nose"
laki	n.	finger
lapiki	n.	nail; peg	dim. of "finger"
lamil	n.	earth; soil
lanaseam	n.	concern; problem	Emp. lánádzém "my worries"
-laŋal	quant.	many
laŋea	n.	leather	Emp. tlaŋe "animal skin"
lap	n.	water
latui	n.	stick
li	v.	know
lim	adj.	sour
liŋmi	n.	wall (of house)
loa	n.	leg
loakpa	v.	rub
loasa	v.	trade	Tm. lǫća "to exchange"
lu	n.	sea; ocean
lui	n.	meat
luigai	n.	slab of meat	lui + gai
Lukpani	adj.	autonym of speakers	"facing toward the sea"
Lunuəsi	adj.	the eastern barbarians	"facing away from the sea"
ma	intj.	yes! indeed!
mab	adj.	big
madam	v.	do repeatedly
madami	adv.	over and over	gerund of madam
mal	adj.	blue
maənu	v.	dig
maəŋisap	n.	paint	"blue mixture"
magoa	n.	salt
-mea	quant.	all
mi	n.	sky
mimi	adj.	warm
mita	n.	dog; wolf
mital	v.	run; flow (of rivers)
mitalum	n.	stream; process	nom. of "flow"
Mitaŋmal	n.	the world; Akana	"dog-world"
moa	n.	belly; harbor
moakpa	n.	tower	Tm. mǫʔpa "summit, peak"
moap	v.	blow
mu	n.	mother
muəp	n.	ice
mugbi	n.	wife
mul	n.	buckwheat
mumu	adj.	black
mutu	n.	head
na	n.	tree
Naəgbum	n.	a city	"New Town"
naəp	adj.	new
naəpal	n.	baby	related to "new"
naəta	n.	rib
naib	n.	roof; terrace
naivu	n.	intestines
naivusi	adj.	sturdy; well-built	"having intestines"
nal	v.	vomit
nalal	v.	lie; recline
naŋi	adj.	rotten
naŋium	n.	decay; sin; abomination	nom. of naŋi
napila	v.	tie
navoanu	n.	knowledge; wisdom	Emp. nawonu "intelligence"
neahi	n.	belt	Tm. nęhi
neama	n.	boat; ship	perhaps "clasp" + "wood"
neasal	v.	think
ni	v.	hold tightly; clasp
nil	v.	feel (of emotions)
niəkpa	v.	fear	nil "feel" + *kpa "fear"
nimeam	adj.	smooth
nimi	adj.	thick
nipu	v.	chew; grind (of teeth); [with -igba-] concentrate
nium	num.	five	nom. of "clasp"
noab	n.	spot; sign; glyph
noabigab	v.	read	"count the glyphs"
nu	n.	eye
nu	pp.	from; after
nuəp	n.	root
nuŋu	v.	throw
ŋ-	v.	to not be; negative copula
ŋaisi	v.	wash
ŋana	v.	say
ŋap	n.	seed
ŋasi	v.	die
ŋau	n.	club; weapon
ŋaup	v.	bark	prob. imitative
ŋeaseaka	n.	gem; jewel	Emp. ŋésékhá
ŋib	n.	insect
ŋimib	n.	cluster of buildings
ŋisap	v.	blend; mix
ŋisapum	n.	stew; sauce	nom. of "mix"
ŋma	pron.	I (masc.)
ŋmagu	pron.	we (incl.)	"me [and] you"
ŋmal	n.	land; realm; world
ŋmam	n.	sand
ŋmaŋma	pron.	we (excl.)
ŋmeap	v.	fight
ŋmib	num.	two
ŋmiula	n.	goat
ŋmu	pron.	I (fem.)
ŋmuŋmu	pron.	we (excl., var.form)
ŋmudu	n.	corpse
ŋuhim	n.	horn
ŋulu	n.	onion
ŋunupa	adj.	round
oabi	adj.	wet
pagui	n.	door
paip	n.	name
pam	v.	see
pamiki	v.	sail; navigate	"see and turn"
paŋmap	n.	nail
papal	v.	squeeze
pasa	n.	copper
pasagai	n.	copper ingot; coin	"copper slab"
pau	v.	to cry out (of animals); [with -igba-] to be startled	prob. imitative
peani	n.	Kipceʔ-style basket	Tm. peńi "basket"
peasa	n.	tongue
pi	pron.	what; which (interrogative)
piəbai	adj.	correct
pigba	n.	lake
pima	n.	laurel tree
pium	n.	egg
poahi	n.	mouth
poahisikui	adj.	boring, tasteless, taciturn (by nature)	"not having a mouth"
Poalu	n.	name of a sea goddess
Poalugbum	n.	a city	"city of Poalu"
pum	v.	grow
pugui	v.	wipe
pukpa	n.	wine; alcohol
pulaha	n.	gift	Tm. polaha
pusa	v.	gather
puvab	n.	star
puvu	n.	road
s-	v.	have (of inalienable possessions)
-sa	suff.	and (var. form)
sa	pron.	he
-sab	suff.	one who possesses X	agentive of s-
sadab	v.	freeze
saəkpa	v.	bring in great quantity	Tm. calkwa "pile, heap"
sagau	v.	split
saip	n.	spirit; god
saki	n.	lavender
samu	v.	pull
saŋim	v.	bite
sap	adj.	far
sasa	n.	father
sasaip	n.	the gods (coll.)	redup. of saip
savu	adj.	white
savoaəp	n.	silver	"white metal"
seab	v.	hear
seam	v.	burn
seanalu	n.	song; folktale	Emp. senállú "song"
si	pp.	in; at; to; into
siəm	n.	flower
sim	conj.	now; so; therefore
simip	n.	spleen
siŋi	adj.	long
Siŋmeasita	n.	a city	"Heron Beach"
siŋmea	n.	heron
sita	n.	beach
soal	adj.	narrow
su	pron.	she
sumi	n.	rain
sumoa	n.	stuff; possessions	Tm. comǫ "content (of a bag)"
supu	num.	one
susam	v.	be curious about; investigate	Tm. ćosą "to be curious about"
susu	pron.	they
suvum	n.	leaf
t-	v.	to be; the copula
ta	v.	sit
tabib	n.	throat
taəl	n.	mountain
taəsa	n.	back
tam	n.	parsley
tamikim	adj.	bitter	tam + -kim
tamu	adj.	heavy
tapa	adj.	other
tau	adj.	cold
teabi	v.	sow
tealu	n.	an alcoholic drink made from milk	Emp. théllú
tib	n.	person
tibi	v.	play
tiəl	n.	fruit
tila	n.	tin
tigbi	v.	live
tisi	v.	scratch; write
tisip	n.	cheek
tisium	n.	writing	"scratchings"
toa	n.	bird
toaba	n.	cloud
tu	n.	bone
tuəm	n.	buckwheat porridge
tuilu	v.	laugh
tuip	v.	hunt
tukpu	v.	suck
tuku	n.	stone; rock
tuku	v.	make; do; perform
tugim	n.	grape
tuvi	n.	feather
u	pp.	of; from
ub	adj.	small
ubi	v.	cut
ubium	n.	knife; any sharp tool	"cutter"
uəl	n.	sun
uəvu	v.	smell
ugbu	n.	hand
uhub	n.	grass
uita	adj.	right
umu	v.	hold (loosely)
una	adj.	difficult
uŋa	conj.	and; and then
-usi	quant.	few
usi	n.	heart
utasa	n.	dust
utu	n.	womb
vaku	n.	house; building
vakupadab	n.	story; floor (of building)	"what is on top of the building"
val	adj.	dry
vam	n.	moon
vaŋi	adj.	red
vau	n.	snake
veaka	n.	duty; obligation	Emp. wékhá "weight; burden"
vi	v.	plant
Vilavi	n.	the Wellawi people
vili	adj.	good; fine; beautiful
vileaəp	n.	bronze	"fine metal"
vinita	n.	ceremony
viŋal	v.	gather insects to eat
viŋma	n.	hibiscus
vip-	pref.	[with adjectives] not; [with nouns] lacking
vipikau	n.	desert	"not near"
vipuŋa	adj.	easy	"not difficult"
vipuita	adj.	left	"not right"
voai	v.	fish
vula	v.	gesture; make a sign
vusai	n.	fig
vuveasum	n.	liquor; booze	Emp. wuwédzum "alcohol"