Puoni/Lexicon
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Author's note: This lexicon represents a non-finalized state of the language. A significant number of lexemes may be subject to future change. In fact I may end up re-deriving the whole lexicon when the time comes to work on Puoni again, as I'm discontented with details of some of the outcomes, in particular the rule allowing only one voiced stop in a word. I will probably scrap that rule completely, so voicing values on many stops will change. Also there is also now a much, much larger pool of source words due to expansion of the Fáralo, Naidda, and Tlaliolz lexicons by several hundred words each, so the future Puoni dictionary - should I ever succeed in doing all the requisite work (don't hold your breath) - may well top two thousand entries.
Etymology:
| Puoni | etymology | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| aba | æba (sober) | serious, somber |
| ada | æda (corpse) | 1. the entire body of a human or animal 2. the torso |
| adelu | ædelu | large city |
| Agumosio | Agumosou | a city of Tagua |
| aguo | ægou | awry, wrong, askew, off |
| aguompa | ægoubu (eccentric, crank) | prankster, practical joker |
| aio | aogə (uncertainty) | 1. uncertainty, confusion 2. a fool |
| akua | ækə | air |
| alani | alenin | a civil war |
| alazia | Tl. fa:lzam | birch |
| alazibaru | birch-bark | birchbark |
| alio | alou | flower |
| ana | æna | hungry |
| anelo | æŋeilo | military |
| ani | ænil (a hair) | hair |
| ania | anæn | dry |
| aoba | aoba | a mason |
| apo | apo | fruit |
| aponia | (fruit-nia) | cherry |
| Asala | Asale | a city of Rathedan |
| asei | asin | heavy |
| astalo | Ndd. spálo | castle |
| asu | ašu (chief, supreme) | important, relevent |
| asumpa | ašubu | 1. chieftain, leader, headman 2. captain of a ship |
| ata | ate | to keep |
| ati | æti (river) | 1. large river 2. to flow |
| atu | ætu | old |
| ava | Æð. æva | sin |
| avrolo | Ndd. əlvolo | craftsman's shop |
| avumo | Ndd. avumo | refuse, trash |
| aza | azə | woman |
| baga | bage | 1. rough, not smooth 2. difficult terrain |
| Balani | Balanin | 1st ruling dynasty of Huyfarah |
| bampa | bæbu (root, anchor) | 1. the root of a plant 2. to tie up or moor (a boat) |
| bana | bæna (beg, supplicate) | 1. to beg 2. to squirm in embarassment |
| baomia | baomast | steward, caretaker, manager of daily operations |
| baotaka | baoteka | general, military commander |
| baotau (baopatau) | baobadew | uncle |
| bapu | bæbur | strong |
| bare | bære | to own (land) |
| baru | 1.-3. ebæru (bark, husk) 4. bæru |
1. bark of tree 2. husk or skin of fruit 3. basket, especially one of woven bark 4. real estate, land property |
| basa | baše | 1. stick, branch 2. spine, keel of a ship |
| basia | bašel | twig, sprig, or bud |
| batau | badew | father |
| beca | beiča | leg |
| bepu | beibul (genitals) | to conceive, become pregnant |
| bepusa | beibulsa (vagina) | orifice, opening |
| beusui | bewšin (unlucky) | pleasant, fortunate |
| bia | 1. bas 2. bæb |
1. calm; smooth (of an interaction) 2. to miss (not hit) |
| bie | beb | to punish |
| bimpa | 1. biəbu 2. ebiəbu |
1. scratch, rub, massage 2. singer |
| bio- | bou | re-; to (v.) again |
| bipe | ebiəbe | to sing |
| biusin | Ndd. bjusjin | woes, difficulties |
| bo | bous | ox |
| boaka | eboage | to push, impel |
| boeti | boeisti (debauchery) | 1. an orgy 2. any rowdy party |
| boka | bougə | 1. the back or rear (of sth.) 2. stern of a ship |
| boie | boei | star |
| boieia | boeiægə | latitude |
| boieku | boeigur (respect) | 1. respect 2. to honor the dead |
| boiemea | boeimate | 1. astronomy 2. navigation; to chart a course |
| Boipa | Boiəba | a city and river in Lasumu |
| bola | boula | earth, soil |
| bolakisa | (soil-cut) | plow |
| bolavaria | (soil-dance) | a dance popular in many Kuaguatia villages |
| boma | bomə | wheat |
| bota | ebouta (seed) | 1. seed 2. potential |
| botu | boutu (pierce, penetrate) | 1. to pierce or make a hole in 2. to sodomize (influenced by boga "back, rear") |
| bumu | ebumu | belly |
| bupei | bubiš (warm) | 1. very hot 2. boiling (of water) |
| caio | čaok | king, patriarch |
| caiosa | čaoksa | queen, matriarch |
| came | čæme | to study |
| casu | čæšum | powerful, noble, influential |
| cega | čega | only, sole |
| cevo | (one-vo) | number |
| ciba | čiəba | to tie, bind, knot |
| cinu | čiənu | husband |
| civo | Ndd. cívo | significant other |
| cua | čæn | 1. fire 2. to burn |
| cualo | čæŋlo (lavatory) | cesspool |
| cue | 1. ček (throw) 2. čekəl (vomit) 3. čelč (danger) |
1. to throw; to propel through the air (as wings do a bird) 2. to vomit 3. to warn |
| cuela | čeilə | teacher |
| cueno | čeino | v. ask |
| cui | čiən (marry) | to marry |
| Cuise | Čisse | a city of the north coast |
| cuo | čosk (hostile) | 1. threatening, hostile 2. ominous, portentious |
| cutu | čutu | to spit |
| daca | +tača (older sister) | nanny |
| dacaio | dačaok (princess) | 1. princess 2. young girl (affectionate) |
| dagalo | Ndd. djaga-lo (king) | barony |
| Daiatio | Dayadok | person from Rathedan |
| dakana | dagane (camp) | 1. n. camp, campsite 2. v. to make camp |
| dapa | daba | white |
| dapola | (white-soil) | clay |
| dasto | Ndd. dáspo | warrior |
| dasui | dašiəm (hemp, canvas) | n. canvas, sail |
| dati | +tædi (shelter) | sanctuary |
| dau | dau | male, masculine |
| dei | +tir (door) | foyer, hall |
| deka | +teka (army) | imperial or royal guard |
| demia | demaš | feast, formal party or celebration |
| denam | Ndd. dénam | breathe |
| deumu | dewmuh | hunt |
| dia | 1. dæŋ (mountain) 2. das (fight) |
1. peak or apex 2. fight; climax (of a conflict) |
| die | 1. deiŋ (finger) 2. deip (offspring) |
1. finger 2. offspring or children (of an animal, or deprecatively, of people) |
| dielo | deikəlo | 1. holy or sacred ground 2. haunted place |
| Dietei | deidin (numinous, frightening, awesome) | 1. the god of Etiotu 2. (lower case) very good; excellent |
| dikuo | +tikuo (stone) | brick |
| din | Ndd. ding | hill, hillside; sloped ground |
| Din Tor | 'acorn hill' | a town of Kuaguatia, in the north |
| dioma | doumah | glass |
| diu | dukəs (teacher, master) | title of respect for a teacher (e.g. Diu Daodas) |
| dizo | dizo | unremarkable, boring |
| dopa | +toba (horn) | antler |
| duma | +tuma (pirate) | leader or king of pirates or outlaws |
| dumpa | duəbu (smell) | 1. n. smell, odor 2. v. give off an odor |
| ebei | ebič (necessary) | mandatory, required |
| ebeu | ebewr | short |
| ebi | ebi | say, speak |
| ebie | ebedə (order, arrange) | 1. to arrange, line up 2. count |
| ebio | 1. ebop 2. ebourə |
1. music 2. strange, weird |
| ebiu | ebiu | guilty |
| ebue | ebuəwe | v. to carry, hold |
| ede | ede | to play (an instrument) |
| edempa | edebu | musician |
| edeuni | edewnin | holy, sacred |
| Edia | Edak | The people who speak Naidda |
| ediata | (tree-corpse) | tree stump |
| edie | edei | 1. tree 2. mast (of a ship) |
| ediena | edeinæ | to live, reside |
| edimu | ediəmu | to show mercy |
| ege | ege | all, every |
| egie | egei | upward |
| egran | Ndd. égran | payment |
| egria | egræn (satisfy) | to work for, be employed by |
| eguko | egugo | to deceive, con |
| eguo | egol | foot |
| eiciso | (black-night) | black |
| eiga | isəga | early |
| eione | eione (obscure) | obscure, arcane, complex |
| eioti | eioti | daytime |
| eiu | eiwəl | west |
| ekue | ekei | egg |
| ekui | ekui (blessing, benefit) | 1. adj. blessed, graced 2. n. payment |
| enia | enædə (feel) | to emote; be overwrought |
| enono | enouno | to get into trouble |
| eompa | eobu (sleep) | 1. to sleep 2. to be dead |
| epa | epæm | to cry |
| epagua | epagægə | distance east to west; longitude |
| epe | epe (sit, meet) | to meet |
| epia | 1. epaf 2./3. epag |
1. light (not heavy) 2. adj. far 3. epag - n. distance north to south |
| epie | epel | to rest, nap, take a break |
| epuo | epou | because |
| erenam | Ndd. éddénám | misery, suffering |
| erolo | erolo (impotent) | fickle, frail, powerless |
| esa | ešæd (much) | 1. adj. much 2. n. a large amount |
| ese | ese | bleed |
| eta | eta | stop |
| etabo | edaboə (corrupt, rotten) | rotten, decaying, spoiled |
| etabomu | (rotten-belly) | stomach flu, abdominal illness |
| eteiu | etewg | forest |
| etese | eteše (sail, govern) | 1. v. sail, journey by water 2. v. plan, control |
| etesu | etešu | n. ship |
| etidu | etiədu | metal |
| Etiotu | (Etugə + new) | "New Etugə"; the official Kuaguatian religion (considered heretical elsewhere) |
| Etiu | Etugə | the religion of Huyfarah |
| eua | ewa | snake |
| eumpa | ewbu (urchin, petty criminal) | 1. city rat 2. crow or raven |
| eumu | ewmu (reject, hate) | reject, turn (someone) away |
| eupa | ewpa | statue, monument, memorial |
| evre | Ndd. évre | destroy |
| evrolo | Ndd. érvolo | hospital, sickhouse |
| eziu | ezul | to take |
| fafor | Aθ. fáfor | strength |
| Faluin | Miw fa:lwin (meeting place) | a town of western Kuaguatia |
| fapa | Aθ. áfpa | to raise, lift |
| Faralo | Faralo | the parent language of Kuaguatian |
| farili | Miw fa:rhili: (bad water) | swamp |
| fava | Miw famva | rose |
| fikravuan | Miw fi:kravwan | ceremony |
| fizatiu | fizætud (rookie) | an apprentice |
| foata | imitative | to masturbate |
| foga | foga (make) | v. create, design, engineer |
| forzin | Miw furzin (tree-life) | elm |
| fram | Miw fra:m | berry |
| fuilian | Miw fwilja:n | cooperation; teamwork |
| fuipio | Miw fwipju (move, motion) | alive |
| gafacu | gafaču (criminal) | (legal) prisoner |
| gafia | gafač (crime) | a pity, a shame, a letdown |
| gaio | gaos | boat or ship (all types) |
| gan | Ndd. gan (knife) | sword |
| gape | +kape (last year) | history |
| gasu | gašu | rabbit |
| gata | gate | wood, wooden |
| gatemea | (wood-mea) | carpentry |
| gatia | 1. gatač (galley) 2. gatel (board) |
1. galley (of a ship) 2. plank, board, beam 3. (by confusion of 1 and 2) a bar (on which food/drink is served) |
| gatisavo | (wood-cut-vo) | woodcutter, lumberjack |
| gese | +kese (blood) | internal organs |
| gonei | gonin | brother |
| goron | Ndd. goron | desert |
| gozu | gozu | difficult |
| guato | +kalto (wind) | windstorm, hurricane |
| guemea | +keipmate | attunement to nature |
| gueru | geiru | atheist |
| guesa | geipša | a sheep |
| gui | gis | knife |
| guisa | gissa | to cut |
| guo | 1. gou (road), goul (path, way) 2. goum 3./4. gout (dull) |
1. road, path, track, trail 2. high, upper 3. blunt, rounded 4. round (number), estimated |
| guoka | gouga | to break |
| guomea | (path-mea) | advice |
| guoriu | gourun (desert) | desolate; bleak, depressed |
| guru | guru | guts, gore |
| gutu | guətu | so, therefore |
| ia | æməl | fly (insect) |
| iamu | ammu (steal) | to hurt, steal from, or wrong (someone) |
| iamumpa | ammubu (thief) | 1. criminal 2. a cad |
| iania | ænal (downward; ship's hold) | 1. downward 2. place for storage of goods |
| iapo | alpo | manufacture, make |
| iapompa | alpobu | craftsman |
| ibe | ibe | 1. use 2. touch |
| icua | ičæməl | knowledge, skill, expertise |
| idiu | iduəŋ | sea, ocean |
| idua | idwæ | arm |
| ie | eim (turn) | 1. to turn 2. to change |
| iebou | eibur | to swim |
| Iecelade | Enčelade | a city in Lasumu |
| iedu | eidu | to fail |
| iega | eigə (good) | thorough, solid, sound |
| ieka | eikə | animal (mammalian) |
| ieku | eiku | to kill |
| iemea | eikəmate | animal husbandry; selective breeding |
| ieni | einišə | to fly |
| ienia | (fly-nia) | gnat, mosquito |
| ievo | Ndd. jevo | miner |
| ieze | elje (clean) | clean, pure, fresh |
| ifisia | ifisænə (the spiritual world) | 1. heaven, enlightenment 2. freedom |
| igunia | (rope-nia) | string, twine |
| ilia | iəlænə (disaster) | accident; any unfortunate occurrance |
| ima | iəma (symbol, sign) | 1. symbol, glyph 2. any sign or posted notice 3. name or title (of a written work) |
| ima | imə (sew) | to sew, weave |
| imavo | (ima + agt) | seamstress, weaver |
| imo | Ndd. ilmo | dress (garment) |
| imu | iəmu (head, top) | 1. top, highest point 2. upward facing surface |
| ina | iənə | to see; to notice; to find |
| ioba | oubə | all or almost all |
| iolio | oslok | to forget |
| iomio | oumol | sister |
| iomu | oumu | mother |
| iopu | oupu | deep; far down |
| iosu | oušu (promise) | contract, agreement, treaty |
| iotu | oltu | new, young |
| iozu | ouzu | yesterday |
| ipa | ipə (straight) | 1. straight, direct 2. a straight line 3. rigid |
| ipi | ipi (liver) | 1. the liver 2. a dish made with liver 3. courage, bravado |
| irun | Ndd. íddung (sea, ocean) | saltwater, brine |
| iso | išo | night |
| isonio | išonoun (journey) | 1. to journey, travel 2. the major river of the region (so-called because the Puoni journeyed across it to their current home) |
| iu | 1. uəš (blow, breathe) 2. uw (cruel, savage) |
1. breath, wind 2. primitive; tribal (deprecative) |
| iudrivo | undribu (comedian) (partial reborrowing from Naidda) | entertainer, performer |
| ieueu | wolf (imitative) | |
| iuga | 1. ugəga 2. ulgə |
1. late, later 2. taste |
| iugu | 1. ulgu (rope) 2./3. wugu (guilty) |
1. rope, cord, tether 2. to hang, execute (by confusion with rope) 3. to punish, heckle, yell at, make trouble for (in response to a wrong; by extension of 2) |
| iulo | uwlo | barbarian |
| iumie | uwmei (yellow) | 1. yellow 2. urine |
| iumu | iwmu (beautiful) | attractive; well-arranged; well-chosen |
| iumusa | iwmusa (beautiful girl) | slut (offensive) |
| Iusio | Ussor | old capital of Huyfarah |
| kada | 1. kada 2. kæda |
1. to amuse or make (someone) laugh; cheer (someone) up 2. ash, ashes |
| kadia | kadal | to like, appreciate |
| kaoga | kaogə | fog, mist, drizzle |
| kaogatei | kaogadin | uncle |
| kaotaca | kaotača | aunt |
| kapa | kape | last year |
| kecue | kečem | personal honor; face (as in 'save face') |
| keio | keoč | angry; upset, disturbed |
| kekue | (eggs) | testicles |
| keomiu | Tl. k'eomun | daisy |
| kepelu | kepeilu | rain |
| kese | kese | blood; blood-red |
| kiara | Ndd. kjara | cluster, grouping |
| kiarakue | (cluster-grass) | a local tallgrass species |
| kiaruilo | (group-house) | town |
| kiki | kiki | an expensive but popular spice |
| kirnom | Miw ki:rhnom | a robin |
| kivatri | Miw kimvatri | brook, small stream |
| kola | kolə (absurd, crazy) | crazy or terrible (idea, plan, etc); absurd, stupid |
| kou | kəwu | 1. priest of Etiotu 2. title for such |
| kreota | kreota (seize, capture) | capture, take, steal |
| kria | kraš | bold, daring |
| ku | 1. ku 2. kuət |
1. spirit, soul, mind 2. devil, demon |
| kua | kaš (amusing) | 1. funny 2. inappropriate |
| Kuagua | Kazəgad | the lands around the Isonio river delta |
| Kuaguatia | (Kazəgad + tæm, south) | the lands of the Puoni, on the southern border of Kuagua |
| kualo | kaklo | border, boundary, demarcation |
| kuato | kalto (wind) | wind |
| kue | keip | small plants and vegetation (herbs, etc) |
| kuei | kuin (holy) | an enlightened spirit |
| kuemea | keipmate (herblore) | 1. informal garden 2. gardening |
| kuenia | (grass-dry) | hay |
| kuenialo | (hay-lo) | barn; hayloft |
| kueze | keize (snow) | snow, ice |
| kufia | kufas | temple |
| kuma | kuəma | to redo, start over |
| kuo | kouwə | 1. tongue 2. rudder |
| kuocelio | Tl. qwotsfeloz | flight; exodus |
| kuoci | Tl. qwotsfi | flee |
| kuria | kusræm | olive |
| kusia | kusæp | to worship |
| kutra | Tl. q'utla | sack |
| kutrabue | sack-carry | saddlebag |
| lade | lade | not much |
| laoma | laoma | long |
| lapu | læpu (bone) | 1. bone 2. penis |
| lapusa | læpusa (penis) | clitoris (by confusion with -sa, 'female') |
| lasei | lašin | national, ethnic |
| laste | Ndd. láste | recover (from illness or setback) |
| Lasumu | Lašumu | a land upriver of Kuagua |
| leasai | Ndd. léasjai | story, tale (fictional) |
| lega | lega (word) | word, words; speech; language |
| legua | legal (write) | to write or compose |
| leguesa | legeiša | poetry, verse |
| leilica | Tl. li:k'litsa | ash (tree) |
| leu | məlew (figure out) | realize, discover |
| lia | 1. lad 2. laš |
1. healthy, sound 2. land, country |
| liamea | ladmate | medicine, medical practice |
| liapo | lalpo | to heal, cure |
| liapompa | lalpobu | doctor |
| lie | 1. lei 2. leid |
1. bird 2. year |
| liedei | leidin | annual |
| liedie | leideiŋ | wing |
| lielu | leilu | rowboat |
| lieso | leišo | cold |
| limu | liəmu | to smile |
| loleaca | Tl. lo:flea:tsa | ring |
| lomo | loumo (visit) | 1. to visit 2. to entertain visitors |
| lote | loute | right, correct |
| luba | luba | to lie |
| luoga (eluoga) | eluoga (abundant, common) | common, frequent |
| mabe | mabe | mouth |
| macou | mačud | slave |
| madei | mædidə (intelligence) (influenced by mæde, heart) | personality; one's mind, heart, demeanor, and charisma |
| madru | mardu | human; a person |
| madu | mædu | pointless; moot |
| magua | magač | to loot, plunder |
| maguapa (muaogupa) | mwaogube (grave) | 1. grave or very serious 2. a heavy personal burden |
| maiga | maiga (empty) | 1. empty 2. drunk |
| maigavo | maiga (empty + vo) | nonbeliever in Etiotu |
| makua | Tl. mak'a:t | hat |
| manavo | Ndd. má'navo | wise man, sage |
| maro | Ndd. máddo | wander, drift |
| masa | mæsa | a cow or bull |
| mate | mate | know, be familiar with |
| matei | matibəl | compass, magnet |
| matie | matel | to suspect, infer |
| mavo | mæ (believe + vo) | a believer |
| meaboie | mateboei | astrolabe |
| mebe | mebe (peasant) | peasant, farmer; the rabble, masses |
| mebelia | (farm-land) | field, pasture |
| mebelo | mebelo | a farm |
| mei | miš (modern) | old, dated |
| meia | Miw mija: | cat, feline |
| meiu | mewk | protest, object to |
| menio | menio | boy or young man |
| meokua | meokat | apprentice, young student |
| meotro | Tl. meotlo | freeze |
| mesta | Ndd. mésta | orderly, tidy |
| metraco | Tl. me:tlatso | shoe |
| mi | mi | no, none |
| mia | 1. mæg 2. mas |
1. today 2. a few |
| miage | malge (suck) | 1. to inhale, suck 2. suction, vacuum |
| miasto | Ndd. mjásko | dinner party |
| miatia | mastač | government, management |
| Midu | Miədu | a city of northern Kuagua |
| mie | 1. mei (trade) 2. meil (read) |
a bargain or deal 2. to read |
| miecaio | menčaok (prince) | nobleman |
| miegaio | meŋaos (first mate) | a second-in-command |
| miekou | meikut | bastard, asshole |
| miempa | meibu (trader) | 1. trader, merchant 2. a hard bargainer |
| mio | mou | skin |
| miodu | moudu | to measure |
| miopi | mospi (uncultured) | uncivilized; having a rudimentary lifestyle (polite term) |
| mioru | mouru | narrow |
| misau (misagu) | mišagu (holiday, day off) | leisurely travel; outdoor activity done for pleasure (such as a picnic) |
| miu | mus | to grow |
| miumea | musmate | agriculture, farming |
| moanata | Tl. moyana:ta | |
| modru | mordu (front) | 1. the front side; chest (of a person) 2. prep. in front of, before |
| moge | moge | backwards |
| mola | mola (full) | 1. full 2. drunk |
| molan | Ndd. molan (lively, energetic) | a fiddle |
| momusi (miomusie) | moumušezə | council |
| mosalo | Ndd. moslo | large city |
| mosei | mosin | civilized; opposite of miopi |
| mosio | mosou | harbor |
| mosiui | backformation from mosiuilo (general store) | goods, supplies |
| mosiuilo | (harbor-house) | general goods store |
| moue | mowe (oral sex) | perversion |
| muba | muba | worm |
| mubazei | muəbazin | lawless, anarchic |
| mube | mube | foolish, rash |
| muekadin | Æð. mwexadhin | baker |
| muimei | muymis | stupid |
| muodu (guomuodu) | goumoudu, clipped (cross-staff) | device for measuring (anything) |
| musidiu | mušidutə | philosophy, school of thought |
| Muvea | (Ndd. Momuva'e) | a city of Kuagua |
| naba | næbæm | small |
| nabe | nabe | red |
| nabo | (red-fruit) | apple |
| naca | nača | noblewoman |
| nada | ŋadə | to have sex |
| nadiro | nadirlo | secret, concealed; hard to find or see |
| naga | 1. nagə 2. naga |
1. false god 2. interior, indoors |
| nagu | nagu | a bear |
| naioga | naoŋga (split) | 1. split, tear 2. divorce; schism |
| naiu | nayu | noodles, pasta |
| naleapa | Æð. nælæph | domestic animal; livestock |
| name | næme | pron. some, any |
| namoe | Ndd. namoe | orange (fruit) |
| namu | næmuh | orange |
| nane | ŋæne (neck) | 1. neck 2. bridge |
| nanu | ŋæŋu | to laugh |
| naokui | Tl. naokwi | fur |
| naonu | naonu (divide) | a part, division, piece |
| nape | næpe | to swell up |
| napevo | næpe+vo | pregnant woman |
| napoca | napoča | to play, have fun |
| nario | naror | horse |
| nariugu | (horse-rope) | hitch |
| nasina | našiŋa | futile, hopeless |
| nata | nata | nobles; the nobility |
| naula | na+ulə (rise, lift) | esteemed; respected |
| navam | Ndd. návám | tiny |
| naza | nazə | east |
| Nazakualo | 'east-border' | a town of Kuaguatia on the border with Kuagua |
| nazua | Tl. nazwa: | wren |
| neca | neča | wife |
| nege | nege | the most; maximum |
| nei | niən | conj. if/then |
| neio | neos | sick, ill |
| nia | 1. nat 2. ŋal |
1. baron 2. very |
| niakua | Tl. na:sqak | pain |
| niala | ŋalər | too much, excessive |
| nialie | ŋalleil (flood) | 1. flood 2. disaster; disastrous overabundance |
| niasa | ŋapšə | thick; stout |
| niatei | ŋastis (villain) | adventurer, explorer, wide traveler |
| nibiu | ŋiəbul | needle |
| nieba | ŋeibə | toe |
| niede | ŋeide | to wipe; brush by |
| niena | neiŋə | leaf |
| nigatia | ŋigatač (bireme) | large or seagoing ship |
| nigatimea | ship+know | seamanship |
| nimpa | ŋiəbu | sharp; precise |
| nio | noun | to go |
| nioga | nioga | war; battle |
| niolo | noulo | (street) paved street |
| nioru | ŋouru | ancient |
| nioza | die + ouzə (suicide) | ritual suicide |
| nubazi | nubazi (realization, enlightenment) | clear, straightforward, unobstructed |
| nuge | nuge | easy |
| nura | ŋura | 1. brown 2. cloves |
| o- | io (noble, big) | big, grand, or noble X; extension of X |
| oa | oa | salt |
| obo | obo | prep. for, for the purpose of, regarding, about |
| odio | iodol (o + shine) | the sun |
| odro | ordo | eye |
| odu | odu (come) | 1. to come 2. to witness |
| oia | 1. oæm 2. o+ia (big + fly) |
1. right side 2. bee |
| okue | o+plant | grass; grain |
| okuelo | (grain-lo) | grain warehouse |
| oliena | olyena | to blunder (in speech); offend |
| omie | o+yellow | gold (color or metal) |
| omiekue | (golden-grain) | barley |
| opa | opə | ear |
| oriu | (o-mouse) | rat |
| ote | ote | run, hurry |
| otio | otoun | thin, narrow |
| otiro | (day-ten) | a ten-day; a week |
| otro | origin uncertain | composition; makeup |
| otromea | (composition-know) | alchemy |
| oza | ioza (noblewoman) | woman who is mature, wise, respected; a title for such |
| ozia | iozal (noble girl; figurehead of ship) | bow of a ship |
| pabase | (wheel-branch) | axle; fulcrum |
| pabo | pabo | to categorize; list |
| pabue | (wheel-carry) | wagon, cart |
| pacuna | pačuna | to count, add up (or do any other math) |
| padu | padu | to attack; to brawl, fight |
| paie | (round-turn) | spin, twist |
| paievo | (spin-vo) | 1. potter 2. tornado |
| panton | Miw pa:ntun (music-red) | guitar |
| paogua | baogas (ship captain) | naval commander |
| papa | pæm (round; reduplicated) | 1. round, circular 2. wheel |
| papreue | (wheel-water) | waterwheel |
| pavo | pæn + vo (chew) | tooth |
| pe | pei (big) | |
| pea | pea | ready |
| pei | 1. pir 2. pigəl 3. piəm 4. piəm |
1. goat 2. first; immediate 3. low, near the ground 4. bow, submit, offer fealty |
| pelo | epelo | chair |
| pelonaro | (horse-chair) | saddle |
| pemia | peimæb | mystery; the unknowable; suspense |
| pempa | peilbu | hourglass |
| pepa | pepə | last, final |
| pepe (pebe) | epepe | |
| peria | peras (knight) | noble or honorable person |
| petu | peitu | apart; far away |
| pi | pi | fingernail |
| piazar | Miw pjaza:r | magnolia |
| pielu | epeilu | to rain |
| piesa | epeiša | fish |
| pila | pila | send |
| po | poun | island |
| poge (paboge) | epæpoge | to curse, swear |
| poni | pouni | plants, vegetation |
| ponim | Miw pu:ni:m | burrow |
| popu | popu | fear, apprehension |
| Poria | Poraš | a river of Huyfarah |
| poria | porat | trustworthy |
| prai | Miw plaj | bead |
| pron | Miw pru:n | to buy |
| pua | puwə | nose |
| puma | kpuəma | smoke |
| pumareue | smoke+water | steam |
| punem | Ndd. purnem | heathen |
| Puoni | epuonim (heathen) | 1. of Kuaguatia 2. the language of Kuaguatia |
| ra | ha | meat |
| racui | hačiš | garlic |
| rade | ræde | |
| radiro | hadirlo | open, available |
| Ragui | Hagibəl | central Huyfarah |
| rakori | Miw rhamkuri: | oak |
| rapaba | hæpabe (begin) | to become |
| rari | rari (addicted) | to need |
| Raria | Haran | person native to old Huyfarah |
| Rasadia | Rasedan | Rathedan, the western mountain region |
| ratiu | hætud (veteran) | 1. veteran 2. lifelong |
| ratu | rætu | to hear |
| regue | (water-upward) | a spring (of water) |
| reguo (reueguo) | hewegou | dock, pier, wharf |
| rei | hiəm | cloud |
| reilu | hislu (child, heir) | 1. child 2. firstborn son |
| reiu | 1. rewŋ 2. rewŋəl |
1. flat, smooth 2. platform |
| reiulo | rewŋlo - | plain, flatlands |
| reivo | hisəl (bequeath) + vo | heir |
| renei | (water-fly) | rainstorm |
| reo | Æð. re:o | fox |
| reokue | (water-grain) | rice |
| reteka (reueteka) | heweteka | navy, fleet |
| reue | hewe | water |
| reuebe | rewebe (unable, useless) | 1. useless 2. neglected or forgotten (for lack of worth) |
| reuemio | (water-not-deep) | a ford |
| ria | hab | to eat |
| rialu | haglu (gross) | 1. disgusting, gross 2. bad or disgusting food; offal (by confusion with eat) |
| ricui | hičidə (misuse of office) | incompetent; incompetence |
| rie | 1. hei (blue) 2. heil |
1. blue or green 2. foreign |
| riebelo | (blue-farm) | vineyard |
| riefram | (blue-berry) | grape |
| riekou | helkun | enemy |
| riepiu | heipud (crooked, deformed) | 1. deformed, misshapen 2. mentally ill; having a twisted or sick mind |
| rievo | ebreibo (partially reborrowed) | ruins; old remains |
| rifia | rifəs | ugly |
| rio | hou | coast |
| riola | roulə (care for) | to nurse (the ill) |
| rioziu | houzuŋ | left side |
| riso | rišo | con, defraud |
| Ristiu | Histuənə | an Eastern nation |
| ritiu | hitugə (physical reality) | tangible, solid, physical |
| riu | 1. rud 2. huz |
1. man 2. mouse |
| riua | hiəwa | rotten |
| robe | robe | feather |
| roda | roda | have, own |
| rodu | rodu | possessions; one's things |
| roga | rogə | 1. to perform, act 2. to hold up under pressure |
| rubasto | Ndd. rubásto | belligerent, aggressive |
| rulasa | rulasa | whore, prostitute |
| rumu | huəmu | wrong |
| runa | ruənah (pagan priest) | blasphemer |
| rupei | hupis | conquer; overcome |
| rusua | rušan | to blame |
| ruzatiu | huzætugə (immorality, evil) | vice, corruption, wrongdoing |
| saci | sæči | soft |
| sacui | +hačiš (garlic) | onion |
| salei | (meat-bird) | chicken |
| sama | Aθ. sáma | lamp, candle |
| samori | Ndd. sámoddi | mortar, cement |
| sare | +ware (love) | passion; great love affair |
| satiu | sætugə | virtue, morality; faithfulness |
| secasei | sečasin | lucky, fortunate |
| secua | sečas | good luck, good fortune |
| sede | +wede (vegetable) | cabbage |
| sei | siən - drink | |
| seien | Ndd. sé'ején | metallurgy |
| seilu | +hislu (child) | baby, infant |
| seisa | sissa (bitch) | dog |
| seka | seka | 1. name 2. to call |
| selo | selo | spear |
| semar | Ndd. semar | copper |
| sercaio | serčaok | emperor |
| serei | serin | imperial |
| sernia | sernat (minister of state) | high counselor |
| seteika | Tl. setie:k | longbow |
| seue | +hewe (water) | 1. lake 2. alcohol |
| sia | sæp | give |
| siareue | sæŋ+hewe | wash |
| sicui | +hičidə (misuse of office) | bad king, evil emperor |
| sie | seiš | louse, tick |
| siekou | + helkun (enemy) | arch-enemy |
| siepu | +heipud (deformed) | abomination |
| silo | 1. silo 2. +wilo (house) |
1. tooth, fang 2. villa, estate |
| sima | +wimə (mud) | shit, excrement |
| Sincan | reborrowing of Siənčæn | the ancient emperor Siənčæn |
| sio | souŋ | knee |
| siodiu | soudul | powder, dust |
| siodu | ksoudu | |
| siomu | (sand-measure) | time |
| siopu | +woupu (remember) | story, tale (historical) |
| sira | (backformed from siralo) | to sell sex |
| siralo | siralo | brothel |
| siravo | (sira + agt.) | prostitute |
| Sisei | šišin | a mountain range far to the north |
| siu | 1. sur 2. suš |
1. tomorrow 2. nearby |
| sou | šuən | stab |
| suei | šuys | compassionate |
| susei | sušin | neighbor |
| suzaca | Tl. su:zatsa (press) | grind; press; crush |
| suzatikuo | (grind-stone) | millstone, grindstone |
| suzavo | (grind-vo) | 1. a grain mill 2. an olive press |
| tabatia | (white-mountain) | snowstorm; heavy snowfall (after a northern peak) |
| taca | tača | sister |
| tadei | tædil | oar |
| tadi | tædi | shelter |
| Tagua | Dagæm | a group of islands off the Kuaguan coast |
| tamar | Miw ta:mal | cliff, bluff |
| taolia | Tl. tayolam | bronze |
| teaci | Tl. teatsi (arrow) | 1. arrow 2. archery |
| tei | 1. tid 2. tir |
1. flea 2. door |
| teinaka | flea-pain | itch |
| teka | teka | army |
| terain | Ndd. teddain | cheese |
| tero | Ndd. teddo | milk |
| tia | tæm | southward |
| Tia | Tal | western hinterlands of old Huyfarah |
| tiacea | Tl. tastsefa | tin |
| tiatrei | Tl. tatstlik' | shirt, tunic |
| tibo | diəbo | fat, grease, oil |
| tiebe | teibe | together |
| tiegua | teiŋgas (punt) | small or shallow river (such that only a small boat could navigate it) |
| tienu | teiŋu | pull |
| tiesie | tesses | soldier |
| tietu | teitu | wide, broad; expansive |
| tieua | eteiwa | tail |
| tikuo | tikou | stone, rock |
| tiliozo | Tl. tiliolzo | principle, conviction |
| timpiza | Miw timpi:za | necklace |
| tio | 1. tol 2. toun |
1. to shine 2. hand |
| tiro | backformation from otiro (week, tenday) | a half-week, a five-day |
| tivor | Miw ti:vur (funny-tree) | hickory |
| Tivoremio | 'hickory ford' | a town of central Kuaguatia |
| toba | toba | horn |
| toezo | Tl. toezo | to pack |
| tonton | Miw tuntun (red-red) | a cardinal |
| tor | Miw tu:l | acorn |
| treoka | Tl. tKeyo:k'a: | blue jay |
| tukuatei | Tl. tuq'antis | gemstone |
| tulia | tulas | cinnamon |
| tuma | tuma (pirate) | 1. pirate 2. parasite |
| uaba | wabə | to hit |
| uaga | wagah | peace, truce |
| uare | wære | to love |
| uateua | (snake-tail) | handle |
| uba | ubak (palace) | seat of government; capital |
| ubu | ubu | 1. soon 2. nearly |
| uede | wede | vegetable |
| uedepron | (vegetable-buy) | market day |
| uei | 1. wiəm 2. wiməl |
1. live 2. dirty, soiled |
| uestir | Ndd. wéspil | criminal |
| uia | waš | to dig |
| uigatia | wozgatač (trireme) | warship |
| uilo | wilo | house; home |
| uima | wimə | mud, dirt |
| uimie | wimes | adjacent, connected |
| uimuilo | (adjacent-house) | shed, outbuilding |
| uiolo | wošlo (hick town) | village |
| uiopu | woupu | remember |
| uma | uəmə | joke |
| umoro | umoro (be picky) | discriminate; discern |
| usobe | ušobe (be horny) | be in love |
| uta | uəta | humor, wit |
| vacuna | +pačuna (count) | accounts, financial records |
| varia | Miw varja | dance |
| vavo (avavo) | avavo (poor, miserable) | to suffer |
| veria | +peras (knight) | baron, nobleman |
| vizuar | Miw vi:zwal | pine |
| voni | +pouni (plant) | formal garden |
| Vontovar | 'grove' | the largest town of Kuaguatia, in the south |
| vontovar | Miw vu:ntuval (grove) | grove; stand of trees |
| vopu | +popu (fear) | terror |
| voria | +porat (trustworthy) | fact |
| vouan | Miw vuwan | fall, drop |
| zafuita | Miw zafwita: (nest) | 1. a bird's nest 2. a mess or tangle |
| zaga | jægə | indignant, furious, spurned |
| zega | jegə | pron. who, what |
| zei | Æð. ze: | planet |
| zibe | jibe | bad |
| zieme | Æð. zjeme | friend |
| ziku | jiəku (hard) | hard (not soft); solid; brittle |
| zin | Ndd. zin | wine |
| zini | jiənih | iron; steel |
| zinieze | (wine-clean) | chemical solvent |
| zokron | Miw zukatun (fruit-red) | tomato |
| zori | jori | wake up |
| zua | jæn | knife |
| zuepa | jeipə | insult; be rude to; rudeness |
| zuiki | Miw zwi:ki (moon) | moon; month |
| zuma | juma | complain; protest |
| zuo | jos | awake, conscious; 'on the ball', 'with it' |