Proto-Talo-Edastean/Lexicon

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This draft of the proto-Talo-Edastean lexicon is not a finished work, and NOT READY FOR USE. It is not intended at this time to present a picture of only a reconstructed vocabulary, but instead to provide probable sources for as many native NT and Tlaliolz words as reasonably possible.

To Do

• High Priority

1. remove words that were borrowed into NT later than this stage
2. remove some compounds and derived words
3. introduce semantic differences from NT, especially by comparing to Tlaliolz
4. check against all other information for errors and issues

• Middle Priority

1. add adverbs, and some words from the extended NT list

• Low Priority

1. list Tlaliolz reflexes where appropriate
2. add Tlaliolz native words not having reflexes in NT
3. color-code entries for reconstructive certainty
4. alphabetize

Word List

Unmarked stress is always word-initial.

pTE root	likely meaning	NT reflexes
aɴeka	air	âka
xeŋka	animal	engka
itwam	arm	itwam
ainda	ashes	ainda
boŋga	back	bongga
imbáɴro	bark	mbâro
kil	barley	kil
imbúsmu	belly	mbusmu
aláix	bird	lai
gʷeŋga	one's honor, rights, or due	bwenggautsu "birthright" bwengor "to honor"
anʦé	blood	ntse
laɴqʷo	bone	langkwo
ompékim	breast	mpepm
merqát	brother	merkát
gempa	burn	gempa
dempix	child	dempi
sim	cloud	sim
laʦ	land holdings	lats
maiɴsaɴ	cow	mâisâ
axirti	day	airti
argʷa	craftsman	arbwa
ʦis	dog	tsis
ʦondo	dust	tsondo
okʷa	ear	okwa
baulai	soil	baulai
nasa	east	nasa
kaq	edge	kak
uɴqai	egg	ngkai
oldau	eye	oldau
dimbau	fat	dimbau
megʷe	father	mebwe
gʷaikti	feast	bwaikti
rodom	feather	robm
deŋi	finger	dengi
aqʷi	fingernail	kwi
axoli	fire	ali
empáiswa	fish	mpaiswa
titi	flea	titi
ɴailáu	flower	ailáu
abmi	fly	ammi
xarwa	fog	arwa
oŋgól	foot	nggol
entáɴug	forest	ntâug
aqʷi	fruit	apwi
empi	grass	empi
dasi	goddess	dasi
guro	entrails	guro
aini	hair	aini
toxon	hand	ton
imu	head	imu
maunde	heart	maunde
impúrnim	heathen	mpurnim
xʷedon	herb	wedn
tokʷai	horn	topai
maldo	person	maldo
aisab	husband	aisab
mulaɴ	ice	mulâ
upón	island	pon
ʦoŋ	knee	tsong
diáka	ruler	diáka
gan	knife	gan
tau	lake	tau
neŋa	leaf	nenga
baitrai	leg	baitrai
iɴqʷi	liver	ingkwi "liver" ngkwaimpaugng "vomit"
nakʷiŋe	loot	napnge
ʦeɴaʦi	louse	tsêtsi
erúd	man	rud
sax	meat	sa
andímu	mercy	ndimu
intíndo	metal	ntindo
imbi	moon	imbi
ʦar	moon	tsar
omo	mother	omo
daiŋ	mountain	daing
susi	mouse	susi
magum	mouth	mabm
wisma	mud	wisma
embóp	music	mbop
imai	name	imai
ŋane	neck	ngane
xʷimés	neighbor	wimés
iswau	night	iswau
idaɴu	noble	idâu
ibli	north	ibli
aupúŋʷa	nose	pungwa
abáus	ox	baus
aimbu	peasant	aimbu
rauŋ	plain	raung
poniɴ	plant	ponî
gaido	rabbit	gaido
empéɴalo	rain	mpêlo
ɴoda	right, just	odam "rightward" sikîda "to corrupt" (< *sikiɴoda)
aunti	river	aunti
gaux	bare earth	gau "road" gauron "steppe"
baɴapu	root	bâpu
ulwo	rope	ulwo
odai	salt	odai
pailbe	sand	pailbe
aɴuqʷai	sculpture	âukwai
xindúŋ	sea	indúng
ambóntai	seed	mbontai
gaibrax	sheep	gaibra
kʷap	shield	pap
omau	sister	omau
ŋʷau	skin	ngwau
rande	sky	rande
ŋaqtis	captive	ngaktis
pumaɴ	smoke	pumâ
aimwa	snake	aimwa
aise	snow	aise
taxe	south	tam (< *taxam)
ʦeloɴ	spear	tselô
gʷai	star	bwai
baʦen	stick	batsn
tiɴqáu	stone	tingkáu
atól	sun	tol
aɴobai	swamp	âbai
ontéɴwaŋ	tail	ntêwâ
ospáq	throne	ospák
ŋemba	toe	ngemba
komxʷa	tongue	komwa
ʦilauɴ	tooth	tsilâu
endái	tree	ndai
sauŋʷe	water	saungwe
xaŋái	war	angái
emwel	west	emwel
borma	wheat	borma
netrai	wife	netrai
altó	wind	altó
etáindi	wing	taindi
asax	woman	asa
gatan	wood	gatn
lexʷai	word	lewai
moŋgʷai	worm	mombwai
laixod	year	laid
qenau	ask	kenau
pasto	attack	pasto
okʷáin	bite	kwain
xʷuku	blame	wuku
unʦix	blow	untsi
goŋgai	break	gonggai
indénam	breathe	ndenam
mixasko	celebrate	miasko
ɴoto	come	oto
abaɴ	commit crime	abâ
ʦobi	control	tsobi
mondu	count	mondu
ampáim	cry	mpaim
narno	cut	narno
oŋgúku	deceive	ngguko
sompís	defeat	sompis
xebri	destroy	ebri
unóʦ	die	nots
waʦ	dig	wats
aisáb	drink	sab
tux	eat	tu
bambi	fail, failure	bambi "to fail" bambor "strength"
endu	fall	endu
ɴain	farm	ain
paiŋkʷu	fear	paingkwu
iskʷe	feel	ispe
xenánda	feel	enánda
das	fight	das
intéʦan	float	ntsetsn
imlana	flood	imlana
lail	flow	lail
alnixa	fly	alnia
oslók	forget	oslók
aipix	freeze	aipi
penta	fuckup	penta
ʦampi	give	tsampi
umús	largeness, dumbness	mus "to grow" muspê "stupid (actions)" musmis "stupid (person)"
non	go	non
baɴre	have	bâre
ranto	hear	ranto
xʷapa	hit	wapa
imbúnwe	hold	mbunwe
orandél	hurry	randél
desmog	hunt	desmog
ʦurti	insult	tsurtor "to give insult"
untai	joke	untai
meɴ	journey	mê
aikan	keep	aitn
eɴqu	kill	engku
matun	know	matn
ŋaŋo	laugh	ngango
limu	laugh	limu
obál	lie	bal
saɴa	bring	sâpabm "lift" (< *saɴapabam "bring upward")
ʦixen	like	tsin
wim	live	wim
raxula	love	raula
papau	name	papau
aɴidai	need	âidai
rowa	play (music)	rowa
udma	play	unma
aiʦu	promise	aitsu
mauɴak	protest	mâuk
bespi	punish	bespi
otéŋo	pull	tengo
aŋgʷáxʷe	push	mbwawe
meɴli	read	mêli
wompo	remember	wompo
qumaɴi	repair	kumâi
erbo	rest	erbo
xula	rise	ula
orte	run	orte
ausa	sacrifice	ausa
ambí	say	mbi
egran	scratch	egran
ina	see	ina
pilai	send	pilai
isma	sew	isma
eptág	shine	eptág
ombí	come before	mbiski "necessary" mbîbwe "sing" (< *ombíɴegʷe)
ampé	sit	mpe
iŋáta	sleep	ngata
dumbo	smell	dumbo
aumux	spit	aumu
alen	split	alen
orŋi	squeeze	orngi
bontu	stab	bontu
ande	stand	ande
aulmo	steal	aulmo
ontáx	stop	nta
malwe	suck	malwe
embur	swim	embur
xesul	take	esul
ulxʷa	taste	ulwa
ŋʷaiɴ	think	ngwâi
aqék	throw	kek
kiɴebai	tie	kîbai
aundé	touch	nde
em	turn	em
iŋgʷa	use	imbwa
lolmau	visit	lolmau
aqéŋ	walk	keng
ʦaiŋ	wash	tsaing
ŋende	wipe	ngende
banai	worship	banai
ŋauro	ancient	ngauro
gaɴaga	angry	gâga
molan	awake	molan
gid	bad	gibm (< gidam)
ilmo	beautiful	ilmo
qʷai	big	pai
ilki	black	ilki
asái	blue	sai
peras	brave	peras
namoxʷi	brown	namowi
waxʷaik	calm	wawaik
aixo	chief	aio
elge	clean	elge
leɴaʦau	cold	lêtsau
lonte	correct	lonte
aiŋgáux	crooked	ainggáu
udu	cruel	udu
obád	cultured	bad
kelki	dangerous	kelki
ompu	deep	ompu
andágʷa	dirty	ndabwa
asnán	dry	asnán
gaut	dull	gaut
qʷiwel	early	piwel
xaubo	easy	aubo
anai	empty	anai
laŋáŋ	familiar	langáng
ompág	far	mpag
saxi	female	sai
sai	other	sai "foreign" saisung "left"
ŋʷolaiɴ	full	ngwolâi
qola	funny	kola
aiwax	good	aiwa
auspi	green	auspi
umbíbo	guilty	mbibo
giɴqo	hard	gingko
mwarwog	heft, weight	mwarwobm "heavy"
gom	high	gom
dautin	holy	dautin
selkon	hostile	selkon
kʷekʷa	last	pekwa
miʦ	late	mits
epwaip	light	epwaip
larmai	long	larmai
ipím	low	pim
sim	lucky	sim
dado	male	dado
deɴaqa	mystical	dêka
axurne	muddy	aurne
ʦuʦ	near	tsuts
oltox	new	olto
anto	old	anto
ambésta	ordered	mbesta
andáun	pure	ndaun
ukʷéda	ready	kweda
napeɴ	red	napê
simwai	rotten	simwai
bagaŋ	rough	bagng
kʷaim	round	kwaim
palmambi	secret	palmambi
ŋimbu	sharp	ngimbu
ambáuɴer	short	mbâur
onám	sick	nam
nambe	smallness; a growing bud	nambam "small" nambepm "to swell"
nuxʷex	smooth	nuwe
ʦaɴuki	soft	tsâuki
ikʷa	straight	ikwa
ŋabra	thick	ngabra
auntón	thin	auntón
aqlu	ugly	aklu
aŋgʷúra	unusual	mbwura
paba	up, high	sâpabm "lift" (< *saɴapabam "bring upward")
disaux	usual	disau
bugʷiʦ	warm	bubwits
wiŋ	wet	wing
dauxʷai	white	dauwai
tentox	wide	tento
osúmo	wrong	sumo
ulmái	yellow	ulmái
-or (suffix)	give, remove from onesself	bambor tsurtor bwenggor
-am (suffix)	forms qualitative adjectives	nambam odam tam gibm mwarwobm sâpabm