Proto-Dumic (reconstructed)/Lexicon
Here is the reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Dumic along with the sources of the loanwords appearing in Dumic languages.
Notes:
- N signifies any of /m n/.
- V signifies any vowel.
- [xyz] signifies any of /x y z/.
- (IP) means that the noun had an obligatory possesion marking in Proto-Dumic.
- (II), (III) signify inflection patterns in Kataputi.
B
Ba
*baburu — "bear"
- Kat. wuru, wawuru
- Trin. wur
- JS pfuru
- Tty. ayu
*bada — "door"
- Wok. baa
- Kat. waza
- Trin. wal
- JS jau
- Sw. a'mòyr (?)
- Tty. eze
*badim — "to be old"
- Kat. wazi (III)
- Trin. uliz (*badim-ki)
- JS jikki (*badim-ki)
*bagi — "honey"
- Wok. bē
- Kat. wē
- wēmiri "to be sweet" (*bagi-miri)
- Trin. wai
- JS jaji
*bampu — "house"
- Wok. bopu
- Pot. bâmpo
- Kat. wāmu
- wāmuduka "village" (*bampu-tuNka)
- Trin. wab, ubus
- JS jappu
- Sw. ži'yuba (?)
- Tty. apu
- Ttl. bouk
*baNka — "ant"
- Kat. waka
- Trin. wag
- JS jakka
*baNtum — "pumpkin"
- Kat. watu (III)
- JS jattoun
*banun — "stomach" (IP)
- Kat. wanu (II)
- JS voun
- Tty. -elyu
*bapam — "net"
- Kat. waha, wā, wa (III)
- Trin. wap
- JS jafan
*bari — "to bathe"
- Kat. wari "swim"
- Trin. war, uriw
- JS jari
*batan — "arm" (IP)
- Pot. batâ
- Kat. wadata "two arms" (*batan-ta)
- Trin. wat, utag
- JS jatan "tool"
- tatta "arm" (*batan-ta)
- Tty. -peto "arm", -eto "shoulder"
Bi
*bibugi — "bat"
- Kat. wū "bat" (?)
- JS jəyji "bat" (?)
*bidi — "water"
- Pot. bihi
- Kat. wizi
- Trin. wil, ulik
- JS jiji
- Sw. ye'yùm (*bidi-mu)
- Ttl. zuez
*biki — "apple"
- Kat. wigi
- Trin. wik
- JS jiki
*bima — "baby", "child"
- Kat. wima
- Trin. wim, umak
- JS jei
- Tty. ve
*bin — "who"
- Wok. be-
- Kat. wi
- Trin. win, wig
- Tty. i
- Ttl. zui
*bini — "to be early"
- Kat. wini
- Trin. unis (*bini-ki)
- JS jəiki (*bini-ki)
*binpam — "hare"
- Kat. wīna (III)
- Trin. wib
- JS jippan
*bintan — "to be strange"
- Pot. betâ "to be gloomy"
- Kat. wita (II)
- Trin. udaz (*bintan-ki)
- JS jittan
*binti — "eye" (IP)
- Pot. beti
- Kat. witida "two eyes" (*binti-ta)
- Trin. udid
- JS jitti
- Sw. yétš
- yé'tšéda "two eyes" (*binti-ta)
- Tty. -í
*binun — "moth", "butterfly"
- Kat. winu (II)
- JS jəyn
*biri — "to be dirty"
- Wok. biri, wiri
- Pot. bil
- Kat. wiri "to be weak"
- Trin. uris (*biri-ki)
- JS riki (*biri-ki)
*bitun — "web"
- Kat. widu (II)
- JS pitein "mesh", "netting"
Bu
*budum — "plant"
- Wok. buo
- Kat. wuzu (III)
- Trin. wul
- JS vuvoun "grass"
*bummi — "penis" (IP)
- Wok. bomi
- Tty. -um
*bun — "and"
- Wok. bu
- Pot. bu
- buna "because", "if" (*bun-na?)
- Kat. wu
- Trin. wun
- JS ein
- Ttl. gui
*buri — "ice"
- Wok. buri
- Kat. wuri
- Trin. wuwur
- JS vuri
D
Da
*dagi — "to be small"
- Wok. dē, agi
- Pot. hayi
- Kat. zē
- Trin. lilis (*dagi-ki)
- JS đaji "be insignificant"
- đviki "small" (*dagi-ki)
- đjei "child" (*dagi-da)
*daka — "to be slow"
- Wok. doka, oha "to be dumb"
- Pot. haka "to be tainted"
- Kat. zaga
- Trin. kas (*daka-ki)
- JS đaka
- đkaki "slow" (*daka-ki)
*dan — "to work", "to do"
- Wok. do, o
- Kat. za
- tipaza, tipsa "to serve" (*tim-ra-dan)
- Trin. lan, lab
- JS đan
- đkasi "effect" (*dan-kasi)
*danka — "to lose"
- Wok. doka, oha
- Kat. zaka, zga
- zgaza, zaksa "slave" (*danka-da)
- Tty. -zokeze, -tokeze "defeated opponent" (*danka-da)
*danpa — "mushroom"
- Wok. dopa
- Kat. zāna
- Trin. lab
- JS đappa
*daNta — "to doubt"
- Wok. dota, osa
- Kat. zata
- Trin. lad
- JS đatta "to fear"
*danu — "clay"
- Wok. danə
- Kat. zanu
- zāmiri "to be grey" (*danu-miri)
- Trin. lan
- JS đou "mud", "dirt"
- đoukein "figurine", "doll" (*danu?-kin)
*dapin — "to drink"
- Wok. dape, afe
- Pot. hape
- Kat. zahi, zi (II)
- Trin. lap, pib
- JS đafein
*darum — "to go"
- Wok. daro, aro
- Kat. zwūma "road" (*darum-pa)
- JS đaroun
- đatrəí "across" (*darum-tini)
*dasi — "to be huge"
- Trin. las
- JS đsiki (*dasi-ki)
*data — 4
- Pot. hata
- Kat. zada
- Trin. lat
- JS đata
- Sw. lada
- Tty. zete
- Ttl. det
Di
*di — "to be"
- Wok. di, ə
- Pot. hitaka "to make" (*di-taka)
- Kat. zi
- kīmizi "to be low" (*kipam-mi-di)
- Trin. li
- JS đi
- đei "person" (*di-da)
- Tty. zo
- Ttl. -z
- cokicpe "area below" (*tim-kin-di-pa)
*didadu — "fool"
- Kat. zazu, zizu
- Trin. lal
- JS đeivu
*digan — "to follow", "to hunt"
- Wok. diwo, əgo
- Kat. zē (II) "to search"
- Trin. lên
- JS đijan
*dimi — "to be young"
- Wok. dini, andi
- Pot. himiha "younger sibling" (*dimi-da)
- Kat. zimi
- Trin. mis (*dimi-ki)
- JS đəiki (*dimi-ki)
- Ttl. zaj
*din — "of"
- Wok. -Ṽdī (*V-ni-din)
- Pot. -he
- Kat. zi
- Trin. -lin
- Sw. yì
- Tty. zi
- Ttl. zi
*diNma — "tear"
- Wok. dema
- Kat. zīma
- Trin. lim
- JS đimma
*dinsi — "to be wide"
- Wok. dehi, əshi "to be wise"
- Pot. hesi "to be thick"
- Kat. ziti, zdi
- Trin. zis
*dita — "to be late"
- Wok. dita, əsa "to be slow"
- Kat. zida
- zdagu "to capture" (*dita-ku)
- Trin. tas (*dita-ki)
- Ttl. -z(e)te
Du
*dubapa — "beetle"
- Kat. zwaha, zwā, zūwa
- Trin. wawap
- JS đoufa
*dubi — "fly"
- Pot. hobi "fool"
- Kat. zuwi, zwi
- Trin. luw, luwik
- JS đəy
- Tty. zyu
*duku — "to be healthy"
- Wok. dəkə, əhu
- Pot. hoko "to be beautiful"
- Kat. zugu, zgu
- Trin. kus (*duku-ki)
- JS đuku
- đkuki "healthy" (*duku-ki)
*dum — "next to"
- Kat. zuta (*dum-ta)
- Trin. -lun
- Tty. zu
- Ttl. duo
*dum — "to be the same"
- Kat. zu (III)
- Trin. luz (*dum-ki)
- JS đun
- đukki "same" (*dum-ki)
- đutta "the same one" (*dum-da)
- Tty. zu, zupe (*dum, dum-ba)
- Ttl. duok (*dum-ki)
*dumma — "(to) next to"
- Kat. zūma
- Trin. -lun
- Tty. zume
*dumma — "to take"
- Wok. doma, onba
- omarire "to steal" (*dumma-riri)
- Kat. zūma "to carry"
- JS đumma
- Tty. zumya (*dumma-ba)
- Ttl. duom
*dumsi — "from next to"
- Kat. zupi
- Trin. -luz
- Tty. zuso
*dunsa — "to enjoy"
- Wok. doha, osha
- oshamu "story" (*dunsa?-mu)
- Kat. zuta, zda "to like"
- Pot. husa "to have sex"
- Trin. luz
- JS đsou "story" (*dunsa?-mu)
*dupinu — "hornet"
- Kat. zinu
- Trin. pin
- JS đpəy
*dutu — "to seem"
- Kat. zudu, zdu
- JS đutu
G
Ga
*ga — "near"
- Trin. -a
- Tty. he
*gabam — "to be wet"
- Wok. gō, obo, ou
- Kat. hawa (III)
- hawaku "to seduce" (*gabam-ku)
- Trin. waz (*gabam-ki)
- JS vaukki (*gabam-ki)
*gam — "self" (IP)
- JS jaun "person"
- Tty. -ha (in personal pronouns)
- Ttl. -ẏo (in reflexive pronouns)
*gama — "(to) near"
- Kat. hama
- Trin. -an
- Tty. heve
- Ttl. -em
*gamma — "deer"
- Pot. yâmma
- Kat. hāma
- Trin. am, mak
- JS jamma
*ganasu — "metal"
- Wok. ondahə
- onahətesū "chief" (*ganasu-timtu)
- onashəta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)
- Pot. yanaso
- Kat. hanazu "regalia"
- hanāzira "smith" (*ganasu-dira?)
- gēnazu "metal" (back-formed)
- kīgēnazu "bronze" (*kigu-ki-ganasu)
- ksigēnazu "copper" (*kidi-ki-ganasu)
- nēgēnazu "gold" (*niga-ki-ganasu)
- Trin. nas
- tipnas "iron" (*tipi-ganasu)
- JS jausu
- jausuta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)
- jausvuji "to be prestigious" (*ganasu-dudi)
- jausəyri "gold" (*ganasu-niri)
- jausuta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)
*ganti — "to make"
- Pot. yâti
- yâtihira "artisan" (*ganti-dira)
- Kat. hati "to cause"
- Trin. ad, diw
- JS jatti
*gapa — "dust"
- Kat. haha, hā, ha
- Trin. ap
- JS jafa
*gari — "from near"
- Kat. hari
- Trin. -ar
- Tty. hey
- Ttl. -el
*garun — "crow"
- Kat. haru (II)
- Trin. ar, rug
- JS jarein
- Tty. heyu
Gi
*gigin — "to sing"
- Wok. gī, ike
- Pot. yije
- Kat. hī (II)
- Trin. în
- JS jijein
*gimi — "to fail", "to be weak"
- Wok. gini, enbi "to be tired"
- Pot. yimiru "to die from starvation" (*gimi-run?)
- Kat himi
- JS jəi
- vəiki "weak" (*gimi-ki)
*gimpu — "to store"
- Kat. hīmu "to own"
- Trin. ib, buw "to keep"
*gimkun — "to jump"
- Wok. geko, iho
- Pot. yenku
- Kat. hiku (II)
- Trin. ig, gub
- JS vikkein "to climb"
*gini — "salt"
- Pot. yini
- Kat. hini
- Trin. in
- JS jəi
*ginsin — "to be thick"
- Pot. yese "to be round"
- Kat. hiti (II) "to be fat"
- Trin. ziz (*ginsin-ki)
- JS jissein "to block"
- sikki "thick" (*ginsin-ki)
- jisnitta "butter" (*ginsin)
*gintam — "to be green"
- Pot. yetân
- Kat. hita (III)
- Trin. daz (*gintam-ki)
- JS jittan "to shoot up"
- tjakki "green" (*gintam-ki)
*gipi — "to boil"
- Kat. hihi, hī, hi
- hīzira "cauldron" (*gipi-dira)
- Trin. ip
- JS jifi
*giri — "illness"
- Pot. yil
- Trin. ris (*giri-ki)
- JS jiri
*gisi — "future"
- Pot. yisi
- Kat. hizi "vision"
- Trin. is
- Ttl. geq-, -gqe
*gitin — "to let"
- Kat. hidi (II)
- Trin. it, tib
- JS jitein
Gu
*gudun — "oven"
- Wok. gə̄
- Kat. higōzu, higīzu (II) (*piki-gudun)
- tukōzu "kiln" (*tuNka-gudun)
- JS juvein
*gumna — "heart" (IP)
- Kat. hūna
- Trin. um, mak
- JS junna "heart", "gathering"
- Tty. -hune, -kune
*gumu — "to amuse"
- Kat. humu "to play"
- Trin. um
- JS jəu
*guNka — "to sense"
- Kat. huka "to find"
- Trin. ug
- JS vukka "speak with the dead"
*gupum — "wolf"
- Pot. yopun "brave"
- Kat. huhu, hu
- Hūmu "Wolf" (*gupum-bu)
- Trin. up, pug
- JS jufoun
- Tty. hufu
*guru — "to be round"
- Pot. yol "public circle"
- Kat. huru
- Trin. rus (*guru-ki)
- JS juru "to fatten"
- rjuki "round" (*guru-ki)
- rjou "border" (*guru-da)
- Tty. huy
K
Ka
*kaba — "to destroy"
- Kat. kawa
- Trin. kaw "to waste"
- JS kau "to kill"
*kabasa — "fox"
- Kat. kwaza, kawasa
- JS kausa
*kabi — "world"
- Pot. kabi
- Kat. hukawi "spirit world" (*pun-kabi)
- miragawi "material world" (*mira-kabi)
- Trin. kaw, kwik
*kada — 1
- Pot. kaha
- Kat. kaza
- Trin. kal
- JS kau
- Sw. gwara
- Tty. keze
- Ttl. ed
*kada — "to be big"
- Wok. haa, kada
- Pot. kaha
- Kat. kaza, ksa
- JS kauki (*kada-ki)
- Ttl. ed
*kagam — "raven"
- Kat. kā (III)
- Trin. kân, kâmak
*kagan — 10
- Pot. kayâ
- Kat. kā
- Trin. kân
- JS koun
- Sw. gwawà
- Tty. keho
- Ttl. eẏi
*kagana — "to be sad"
- Pot. kayana
- Kat. kāna
- Trin. kânas (*kagana-ki)
- JS kvau "to mean"
*kagi — "sand"
- Kat. kē
- Trin. kai
- JS kavi
- Tty. keho
- kehok’o "grain of sand" (*kagi-kiki)
*kakam — "to wake"
- Wok. hoko, koho
- Kat. kaga (III)
- Tin. kak, kab
- JS kakan
*ka[ks]i — "earth"
- Trin. kas, ksik
- JS tvaksəý "earthquake" (*tigan-ka[ks]i-bu)
*kakinim — "duck"
- Kat. kagini (III)
- Trin. kin, kaknig
- JS ksəin
- Tty. kélo
*kami — "axe"
- Wok. hami
- Pot. kâni
- Kat. kami
- Trin. kam
- JS kei
- Tty. kevo
*kamnim — "opposite"
- Wok. hone
- Kat. Kānitagu "Trinesian islands" (*kamnim-taku)
- JS kannoun
- Tty. kan
*kampa — "to agree"
- Kat. kāmagu "to mediate" (*kampa-ku)
- Trin. kab
- JS kappa
- kpeitta "agreement" (*kaNpa-ninta)
*kampani — "to be ready"
- Kat. kāmani "to be wise"
- Trin. kabnis (*kampani-ki)
- JS kpei
- Tty. kapel
*kamsi — "to win", "to defeat"
- Wok. hohi, koshi
- Pot. kânsi "to kill"
- Kat. kapi
- JS kassi
*kan — 3rd person masculine
- Wok. hoho
- Pot. kâ
- kâta "which" (*kan-ta?)
- Kat. ka
- Trin. kan
- JS kan
- Sw. gwà
- Tty. koka (*kan-gam)
- Ttl. is (*kan-ra?)
*kaniba — "lizard"
- Kat. kaniwa
- Trin. kniw
- JS kvei
- Tty. kelye
*kankin — "to run"
- Wok. hoke, kohe
- Pot. kâke
- kâkeha "rabbit" (*kankin-da)
- Kat. kaki (II)
- Trin. kag, gib
- JS kakkein
*kansa — "to be firm"
- Pot. kâsa "belt"
- Kat. kata
- katagu "to protect" (*kansa-ku)
- katsira "shield" (*kansa-dira)
- Trin. ksas "tight" (*kansa-ki)
- JS ksakoun "belt" (*kansa-kim)
*kantam — "village"
- Pot. kâtân "chief"
- Kat. kata (III) "meeting hall"
- Katapaki "Katapaki nation" (*kantam-raNki)
- Kataputi "Kataputi language" (*kantam-sunti)
- Trin. kad, dag
- JS kattan
- Ttl. ito
*kaNtu — "to be black"
- Pot. kâto "to be ugly"
- Kat. katu
- Trin. dus (*kaNtu-ki)
- JS ktuki (*kaNtu-ki)
*kapam — "to bite"
- Kat. kaha, ka (III)
- Trin. kap, kpab
- JS kafan
*kapi — "to answer"
- Kat. kahi
- Trin. kap, kpiw
- JS kafi
*kapu — "sheep"
- Pot. kapo
- Kat. kahu, kā, ku
- Trin. kap, kpug
- JS kafu
*kara — "goose"
- Kat. kara, kra
- Trin. kakar, krak
- JS kara
*karan — "trousers"
- Pot. karâ
- Kat. kara (II) "clothes"
- Trin. krad, karda (*karan-ta)
- kradkal "trouser leg" (*karan-ta-kada)
- JS kratta (*karan-ta)
*karu — "stone"
- Pot. karo
- Kat. karu, kru
- Trin. kar, kruk
- JS krəu (*karu-bu)
- Ttl. ev
*karu — "to be hard"
- Kat. karu, kru
- kruza "armor" (*karu-da)
- Trin. krus (*karu-ki)
- JS kruki (*karu-ki)
*kasi — "leg" (IP)
- Pot. kasi
- Kat. ksida, kasta "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
- kāzugi, ksīgi "trousers" (*kasi-puki)
- Trin. kas, ksik "leg", ksid "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
- JS kasi "leg", ksita "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
- Tty. -keso
*kata — "to talk"
- Wok. hata, kasa
- katohahi "language" (*kata-kasi)
- Kat. kada
- kadagazi "oratory" (*kata-kasi)
- Trin. kat, taw
- katkas "language" (*kata-kasi)
- JS kata
- kteitta "language" (*kata-ninta)
- katrəí "to chat" (*kata-rini)
*katam — "animal"
- Pot. katân
- Kat. kada (III)
- Trin. kat, tag
Ki
*kibinu — "snail"
- Kat. kwinu, kiwinu
- Trin. kwin
- JS kjəy
*kidi — "to be red"
- Pot. kihi
- Kat. kizi
- ksigēnazu "copper" (*kidi-ki-ganasu)
- Trin. klis (*kidi-ki)
- JS kiki "red" (*kidi-ki)
- kitjəí "to bleed" (*kidi-timi)
- kjəyppi "to stop bleeding" (*kidi-mumpi)
*kigu — "to be yellow"
- Pot. kijo
- Kat. kī, kō
- kīgēnazu "bronze" (*kigu-ki-ganasu)
- Trin. sîs
- JS kvuki "yellow" (*kigu-ki)
- kvutəí "to bruise" (*kigu-timi)
*kika — "day"
- Pot. kika
- Kat. kiga
- Trin. sik, skak
- JS kika
- ksata "two days" (*kika-ta)
- ksou "time" (*kika-mu)
- kseitari "later" (*kika-ni-tari)
*kikatim — "crab"
- Kat. kigadi (III)
- JS ksatoun
*kim — "with" (instrumental)
- Wok. -Ṽdike (*V-ni-kim)
- Pot. -ken
- Kat. ki
- Trin. -sin
- JS kin
- Tty. -ló, -nó (*-ni-kim)
- Ttl. ko
*kim — "to come"
- Pot. ken
- Kat. ki (III)
- mimagi (III) "to enter" (*mima-kim)
- Trin. sim, sib
- JS kin
- kippa "path" (*kim-pa)
- kitta "guest" (*kim-da)
- Ttl. ko
*kimi — "not"
- Kat. kimi "in no way"
- Trin. sim
- JS kəi
- Ttl. kaj
*kimun — "ring"
- Kat. kimu (II)
- Trin. sim, smug
- JS kəyn
*kimuna — "otter"
- Kat. kimuna
- JS kjou "sea otter"
- Tty. kvule
*kimpin — "without"
- Pot. kepe
- Kat. kīmi
- kīmikumi (III) "peasant" (*kimpin-kumim)
- Trin. sib
- JS kippein
- Tty. pʾi
- Ttl. kocui
*kin — "under"
- Trin. -sin
- Tty. ki
- Ttl. ki
*kini — "to be high"
- Kat. kini
- Trin. knis, snis (*kini-ki)
- JS kəiki (*kini-ki)
*kinma — "(to) under"
- Kat. kīma
- Trin. -sin
- Tty. kime
*kiNmu — "to keep"
- Wok. hemu, kenbu
- Kat. kīmu
- kīmuha "warehouse" (*kiNmu-pa)
- JS kimmu "pickle"
- kməuppi "to throw away" (*kiNmu-mumpi)
- kməytta "pickle" (*kiNmu-ninta)
*kinsa — "to be sure"
- Trin. zas (*kinsa-ki)
- JS kissa "to be correct"
*kinsi — "from under"
- Kat. kiti
- Trin. -siz
- Tty. kiso
*kinsi — "to be soft"
- Kat. kiti
- Trin. zis (*kinsi-ki)
- JS ksiki (*kinsi-ki)
- Tty. kiso
*kipam — "earth"
- Pot. kipân
- Kat. kiha (III)
- kīmizi "to be low" (*kipam-mi-di)
- Trin. sip, spag
- JS kifan
*kipidi — "right side"
- Kat. kizi
- Trin. spil
- JS kpiji
*kiputa — "fingernail" (IP)
- Kat. kuda, kīda
- Trin. sput, siptak
- JS kputa
- Tty. -’fute
- Ttl. kakte, -kkuet
*kiri — "girl"
- Pot. kil
- Kat. kiri, kri
- Trin. sir, srik
- JS kiri
- Ttl. kel
*kisa — "to be cold"
- Pot. kisa
- Kat. kiza
- Trin. sas (*kisa-ki)
- JS ksaki "cold" (*kisa-ki)
- ksatjéi "corpse" (*kisa-timi-da)
*kisada — "squirrel"
- Kat. ksaza, kīsa
- Trin. ksal
- JS ksau
*kiti — "to slip"
- Kat. kidi
- Trin. sisit
- JS ktiki "fast", "nimble" (*kiti-ki)
*kitun — "to suffer"
- Kat. kidu (II)
- Trin. stuz "poor" (*kitun-ki)
- JS kitein
- Tty. c’yu "to be poor"
Ku
*ku — 1st person inclusive
- Wok. həhə
- Pot. kota (*ku-ta)
- Kat. kuda (*ku-ta)
- Trin. ku
- JS kuta (*ku-ta)
- Tty. kuha (*ku-gam)
- Ttl. qual (*ku-ra?)
*kuba — "wood"
- Kat. kuwa, kwa
- Trin. kuw, kwak
- JS kou
- kveiriki "wooden" (*kuba-miri-ki)
*kudam — "to give birth"
- Kat. kuza (III)
- Trin. kul, klab
- JS koun
- kounitta "infant" (*kudam-ninta)
- koutta "new mother" (*kudam-da)
*kugun — "shadow"
- Kat. kū (II)
- Trin. kûn
- JS kuvein "demon"
*kuki — "to need"
- Kat. kugi
- Trin. kuk, kiw
- JS kuki
*kuma — "box"
- Kat. kuma
- Trin. kum, kmak
*kumim — "shirt"
- Pot. kome
- Kat. kumi (III) "bodice"
- kumīmu "dress" (*kumim-bu)
- kīmikumi (III) "peasant" (*kimpin-kumim)
- Trin. kim, kimig
- Tty. kuvo
*kumpi — "brain" (IP)
- Wok. -hopi
- Kat. kūmi
- Trin. kub
- JS kuppi
- Tty. -kú
*kumsi — "to be blue"
- Pot. kunsi
- Kat. kupi
- Trin. gzis (*kunsi-ki)
*kumu — "to be loose"
- Kat. kumu
- Trin. kmus (*kumu-ki)
- JS kəuki "stupid" (*kumu-ki)
- kəutəí "to loosen" (*kumu-timi)
*kunkum — "tide"
- Wok. hoko
- Kat. kuku (III)
- JS kukkoun "hour"
- ksuppu "tide" (*kuNkum-bu)
- Tty. kyuku
*kunsa — "to be wrong"
- Kat. kuta
- Trin. gzas (*kunsa-ki)
- JS kussa
- Tty. kyuse
*kunta — "to die"
- Pot. kuta
- Trin. kud
- JS kutta
- kutrəí "to distort" (*kunta-rini)
- Sw. gú'tá
*kupam — "to be tall"
- Kat. kuhāmiri, kāmiri (*kupam-miri)
- Trin. kpaz (*kupam-ki)
- JS kpakki (*kupam-ki)
*kupan — "tree"
- Pot. kopâ
- Kat. kuha, kū, ka (II)
- Trin. kup, kpag
- JS kufan
- Tty. kufyo
*kupi — "to be hollow"
- Kat. kuhi
- Trin. kpis
- JS kpiki
- kpifa "jar" (*kupi-pa)
- Tty. kufo
*kupu — "to wound"
- Kat. kuhu, kū, ku "to kill"
- kūdiga "spear" (*kupu-tika)
- Trin. kup, kpuw
- JS kufu
- kpəytta "wound" (*kupu-ninta)
*kupun — 8
- Pot. kopu
- Kat. kuhu
- Trin. kup
- JS kufu
- Sw. fowk
- Tty. kufyu
- Ttl. quekui
*kupun — "night"
- Kat. kuhu, kū, ku (II)
- Trin. kupup, kpug
- JS kufein
- kupséi "west" (*kupun-raga)
*kura — "to live", "to exist"
- Pot. koraha "living people" (*kura-da)
- Kat. kura
- Trin. kur, kraw
- JS kura
- Ttl. qual
*kuri — "to be bent"
- Kat. kuri
- Trin. kris (*kuri-ki)
- JS krifa "bend" (*kuri-pa)
*kuruku — "to thunder"
- Kat. krugu, kurugu"
- Trin. kruk
- JS kruku
*kusam — "neck", "throat"
- Kat. kuza (III)
- kuzāmini "necklace" (*kusam-pini)
- Trin. kus, ksag
- JS kusan
- Tty. kusa
*kuti — "moon"
- Kat. kudi
- Trin. kut, ktik
- JS kuti
*kutu — "rod"
- Kat. kudu "penis"
- Trin. kut, ktuk
- JS kutu
*kutum — "month"
- Kat. kudu (III)
- JS kutoun
M
Ma
*ma — 2nd person
- Wok. mama
- Pot. ma
- Kat. ma
- Trin. ma
- JS ma
- Sw. wà
- Tty. meha (*ma-gam)
- Ttl. mal (*ma-ra?)
*maba — "war"
- Kat. mawa "battle"
- mawadagu "war" (*maba-taku)
- Trin. maw
- JS mau
- Tty. mya
*madan — "friend"
- Wok. mao-
- Kat. maza (II)
- Trin. mal, mlag
- JS maukkan (*madan-gam)
- Tty. -vezo, -mezo
- Ttl. -mdi
*madi — "to be white"
- Pot. mahi
- Kat. mazi
- Trin. mlis (*madi-ki)
- JS miki (*madi-ki)
*maga — "to be wise"
- Kat. māza "shaman" (*maga-da)
- Trin. mâs (*maga-ki)
- JS mei "to be careful"
- mvaki "wise" (*maga-ki)
- matjəí "to realize" (*maga-timi)
*magin — "to smell"
- Kat. mē (II)
- Trin. main
- JS majein
- nvakmajein "to smell good" (*nagan-ki-magin)
- tsukmajein "to smell bad" (*tutu-ki-magin)
*magu — "to sit"
- Wok. mā, magu
- Pot. mayo
- Kat. mō
- Trin. mau
- JS maju
- Tty. mehu
- Ttl. mo
*makan — "grain"
- Pot. makâ
- Kat. maga (II)
- magānu "wheat" (*makan-bu)
- Magāmiri "Seed" (*makan-miri)
- Trin. mak
- JS kmakkein "seed" (*makan-kin)
- kmammu "grain" (*makan-mu)
- Tty. meko
*makata — "to be loud", "to make noise"
- Kat. magada
- Trin. maktas (*makata-ki)
- JS kmata
- maktaki "loud" (*makata-ki)
*mam — "mother" (IP)
- Pot. mânha, mâmmân
- Kat. ma (III)
- Trin. mam
- JS maun
- Tty. -va, -ma
*mamun — "to plant"
- Wok. mamo, manbo
- Pot. mamu "spring"
- Kat. mamu (II)
- Trin. mam
- JS moun
*manim — "mountain"
- Wok. mane
- Kat. mani (III)
- Trin. man
- JS meippu (*manim-bu)
- Tty. mel
*maNka — "to rest"
- Kat. maka
- Trin. mag
- JS makka
*mamki — "root"
- Wok. moki
- Kat. maki
- Trin. mag
- JS makki
- Tty. -’yéhvá "shoulderblade" (*tigi-mamki)
*mapam — "sweat"
- Kat. maha, mā (III)
- Trin. map
- JS mafan
*mariru — "field"
- Pot. mariro "village"
- Kat. mariru
- māruda (III) "garden" (*mariru-tam)
- Trin. rir
- JS marəú (*mariru-bu)
- Sw. bwar (?)
- ma'ro "chief" (?)
- Tty. meyyu
*masa — "food", "wheat"
- Pot. masa
- Trin. mas
- JS masa
*mata — "ear"
- Pot. mata
- Kat. mada
- JS tmata (*mata-ta)
Mi
*mi — "in"
- Kat. mi
- Trin. -mi
- JS mi
- Tty. vo
- Ttl. -jue
*mibam — "boat"
- Kat. miwa (III)
- Trin. miw, wag
- JS mein
- Tty. mye
- Ttl. juebo
*mibu — "wind"
- Kat. miwu
- Trin. mimiw
- JS məy
- mjəyri "breath" (*mibu-niri)
*midan — "to force"
- Kat. miza (II)
- Miramaza "Sun-friend" (*mira-madan)
- Trin. mil, mlib
- mil "force"
- JS mein "force"
*midun — "rain"
- Pot. mihu "early summer"
- Kat. mizu (II)
- Trin. milwil (*midun-bidi?)
- JS mivein
*migu — "sea"
- Kat. mī
- mīgi (II) "lagoon" (*migu-kin)
- Trin. mî
- JS miju
*mika — "lip" (IP)
- Kat. migada "two lips" (*mika-ta)
- JS miktatta (*mika-tam-ta)
- kmeiri "to kiss" (*mika-miri)
- Tty. -vŏke, -mke
*miki — 2
- Pot. miki
- Kat. migi
- Trin. mis
- JS miki
- Sw. wòtš
- Tty. mó
- Ttl. juek
- juekjuelke "twice" (*miki-niri-ki)
*mima — "into"
- Pot. homima (*gu?-mima)
- Kat. mima
- mimagi (III) "to enter" (*mima-kim)
- Trin. -min
- Tty. vove
- Ttl. -juem
*mimpa — "hole"
- Pot. mempa
- Kat. mīma
- Trin. mib
- JS mippa
- Sw. wóypá
*mini — "to have"
- Pot. mini "to seize"
- minihira "farmer" (*mini-dira)
- miniru "harvest" (*mini-run?)
- Kat. mini
- minūmi "to release" (*mini-mumpi)
- Trin. min
- nis "to leave" (*mini?-sun)
- JS məi
- məikasi "grasp"
- Tty. mol "to hold"
- mol‘ "coal tongs" (*mini-kim)
*miNki — "to hope"
- Kat. miki
- Trin. mig
- JS mikki
*miNku — "urine"
- Kat. miku
- Trin. mimig
- JS mikku
*minsin — "to be tired"
- Kat. miti (II)
- Trin. miziz (*minsin-ki)
- JS missein
- mistaka (*minsin-taka)
- Ttl. juii
*miNta — "group"
- Kat. mita
- Trin. mid
- JS mitta "litter of animals"
- tmeiri "to assemble" (*miNta-miri)
- tmou "group" (*miNta-bu)
*minti — "summer"
- Pot. meti "hot"
- Kat. miti
- JS mitti
*mipun — "to grow"
- Kat. mihu, mu (II)
- mīku, muku "to raise" (*mipun-ku)
- Trin. mip
- JS mifein
- pmutta "plant" (*mipun-da)
- miptəí "to sprout" (*mipun-timi)
*mira — "sun"
- Pot. mira
- Kat. mira
- miragawi "material world" (*mira-kabi)
- Miramaza "Sun-friend" (*mira-madan)
- Trin. mir, rak
- JS mira
*miri — "out"
- Pot. homil (*gu?-miri)
- Kat. miri
- Trin. -mir
- Tty. vyo
- Ttl. -juel
*miri — "to smile"
- Kat. miri
- Trin. mir, riw
- JS mitrəí (*miri-timi)
- mriki "happy" (*miri-ki)
*mirun — "to be beautiful"
- Kat. miru (II)
- Trin. miruz (*mirun-ki)
- JS mrukki (*mirun-ki)
- Ttl. juevi
*miti — "ray"
- Kat. midi "grace" (?)
- Trin. mit (?)
Mu
*mu — "that"
- Kat. mu
- mumi "like that" (*mu-mi)
- Trin. mu
- Tty. mu
- Ttl. ṅue
- ṅual "that place" (*mu-ra?)
*mudan — "to stay"
- Kat. muza (II)
- muzdaga "to support" (*mudan-taka)
- muzaksira "tradesperson" (*mudan-ku-dira)
- muzaku "to support" (*mudan-ku)
- Trin. mul
- JS moun "to wait"
*mugan — "bean"
- Wok. muwo
- Kat. mō (II)
- JS mujan
*muku — "fruit"
- Pot. moko
- Kat. mugu
- Trin. muk, kuk
- JS muku
- skəyku "blackcurrant" (*sVki-muku)
- Ttl. ṅua
*mumma — "and then"
- Pot. mumma
- Kat. mūma
- kūma "neither/nor" (*kimi-mumma?)
*mumsan — "guts" (IP)
- Kat. mupa (II)
- Trin. muz
- JS mussan
- Tty. -muso
*muni — "shoe"
- Pot. moni
- Kat. muni
- Trin. mun, mnik
- JS məyta (*muni-ta)
- Tty. mul
*mupin — "toe" (IP)
- Kat. muhi, mū, mi (II)
- Trin. mup
- JS pmimmu (*mupin-mu)
- Tty. -vufi, -mufi
*mupum — "owl"
- Kat. muhu (III)
- JS pmuppu (*mupum-bu)
*murimi — "to be smooth"
- Kat. murimi
- Trin. rims (*murimi-ki)
- JS mrəi "to be calm"
- mrəifa "floor" (*murimi-pa)
*musugam — "to be famous"
- Wok. mushəwo, muhəgo
- Pot. mosoya
- Kat. muzō (III) "to be sacred"
- Trin. musoz (*musugam-ki)
- JS smujan
*mutun — "son"
- Wok. muto, -buton
- Pot. motu
- Kat. mudu (II)
- Trin. mut, tug
- JS mutein
N
Na
*nabi — "to weigh"
- Kat. nawi "to hold up"
- nawizu (II) "to be heavy" (*nabi-sun)
- Trin. naw
- JS nei
*nadan — "to be sturdy"
- Kat. naza (II)
- nazdimi "to freeze" (*nadan-timi)
- JS naukki "hard" (*nadan-ki)
*nadi — "country"
- Wok. nā
- Kat. nazi
- Trin. nal
*nagan — "to be good"
- Kat. nā (II)
- nākazi "pleasure" (*nagan-kasi)
- nāku (II) "to help" (*nagan-ku)
- Trin. nânas (*nagan-ki)
- JS nvakki "good" (*nagan-ki)
- nvakmajein "to smell good" (*nagan-ki-magin)
- nvaksita "to taste good" (*nagan-ki-sita)
- njatta "hero" (*nagan-da)
*nakata — "to damage"
- Kat. nagada
- Trin. nakat
- JS knata
- nakteitta "destruction" (*nakata-ninta)
- Ttl. nete
*naku — "skin" (IP)
- Kat. nagu
- Trin. nak
- JS naku
*namki — "to hide"
- Kat. nākizu (II) "to be secret" (*namki-sun)
- Trin. nag
- JS nakki intr.
- naktaka tr. (*namka-taka)
- Tty. ná
- k’inak’o "cover" (*tim-kin-nanka-kim)
- Ttl. nok
*nampa — "to hear"
- Pot. nâmpa
- Kat. nāma
- Trin. nab
- JS nappa
*namti — "vagina", "vulva" (IP)
- Wok. noti
- Kat. nati
- Trin. nad
- Tty. -ná
*nanka — "to be long"
- Pot. nâka
- Kat. naka
- Trin. gas (*nanka-ki)
- JS knaki (*nanka-ki)
*nanta — "to hate"
- Pot. nâta
- Kat. nata
- natsira "enemy" (*nanta-dira)
- Trin. nad
- JS natta
- tnau "knife" (*nanta-da)
*napa — "to decide"
- Kat. tipanaha, tipana "to govern" (*tim-ra-napa)
- nagi, nāgi (III) "custom" (*napa-kim)
- nāgiru, nagru (III) "lord" (*napa-kim-rum)
- Trin. nap
- JS nafa
- pnaroun "chief" (*napa-rum)
- pnau "shaman" (*napa-da)
*nara — "fire"
- Wok. nara
- Kat. nara
- Trin. nar
- JS nrou (*nara-bu)
*naram — "to burn"
- Wok. naro
- Kat. nara (III)
- Trin. nar
- JS natrəí "to burn (intr.)" (*naram-timi)
- natraka "burn (tr.)" (*naram-taka)
- Tty. neyávye (*nara-timi-ba)
- neyávó "kindling wood" (*nara-timi-kim)
*nasim — "to fear"
- Wok. nahe, nashe "to hate"
- Kat. nazi (III) "to shake"
- nazgu "to frighten" (*nasim-ku)
- Trin. nas
- JS nasoun "to be surprised"
*nata — "tooth" (IP)
- Kat. nada
- Trin. nat
- JS natkiki (*nata-kiki)
- tnou "jaw" (*nata-bu)
*natin — "flower"
- Pot. nate "harvest sacrifice"
- Kat. nadi (II)
- Nadzuti "Flower-voice" (*natin-sunti)
- JS natein
Ni
*niban — "to wash"
- Kat. niwa (II)
- Trin. niw, wab
- JS nein "to dye"
- neikkoun "color" (*niban-kim)
- niptaka "to wash" (*niban-taka)
*nida — "fat"
- Kat. niza
- Trin. nil
- JS nei
*nidiri — "to be low"
- Kat. niziri, nizwi "to be dirty"
- Trin. nilirs (*nidiri-ki)
- JS niri "be subordinate"
- niriki "low" (*nidiri-ki)
- Tty. nozyo
*niga — "to shine", "to be bright"
- Pot. niyaha "gold" (*niga-da)
- Kat. nē "to be pure"
- nēgēnazu "gold" (*niga-ki-ganasu)
- Trin. nê
- nês "bright" (*niga-ki)
- JS nija "to stand out"
- njautan "star" (*niga-da-tam)
- nvakréi "east" (*niga-ki-raga)
- nitjəí "to brighten" (*niga-timi)
*nikan — "to care"
- Kat. niga (II)
- Trin. nik
- JS nikan "to worry"
*nimkan — "to swim"
- Pot. nenkâ
- Kat. nika (II)
- JS nikkan
*nimki — "to love"
- Pot. nenki
- Kat. niki "to have sex"
- Trin. nig
- gis, nigs "kind" (*nimki-ki)
- JS nikki
- Ty. nó
*nimpi — "to be clean"
- Kat. nīmi
- Trin. bis (*nimpi-ki)
- JS pniki (*nimpi-ki)
*nimtam — "daughter" (IP)
- Kat. nita (III)
- Trin. nid, dag
- JS nittan
- Tty. -lŏta, -nta
*nimti — "now", "present time"
- Pot. nenti
- Kat. nitida (*nimti-ta)
- nitiri "future" (*nimti-ri)
- JS tnəita (*nimti-dita)
- Ttl. joc
*niNtin — "number"
- Kat. niti (II)
- JS tnippu (*niNtin-bu)
*nipi — "to sneeze"
- Kat. nihi, nī, ni
- Trin. nip
- JS nifi
- nipkasi "sneeze" (*nipi-kasi)
*niri — "to get"
- Kat. niri
- Trin. nir
- JS niri
- Ttl. juekjuelke "twice" (*miki-niri-ki)
- cualjuelke "thrice" (*pira-niri-ki)
Nu
*nudu — "to look"
- Pot. noho
- Trin. nul
- JS nuvu
- nutvaka "to attract attention" (*nudu-taka)
- nusi "therefore" (*nudu?-si)
*numiN — "have sex"
- Wok. nonbe
- JS nəyn
*numna — "to eat"
- Wok. nona, nonda
- Pot. nunna
- Kat. nūna
- nūnaza "food" (*numna-da)
- JS nunna
- kəijunna "to starve" (*kimi-numna)
- Ttl. nuon
*numti — "sister" (IP)
- Pot. nunti
- Kat. nuti
- Trin. nud, dig
- JS nutti
- Tty. -lyú, -nyú
*numti — 9
- Pot. nunti
- Kat. nuti
- JS nutti
- Sw. nótš
- Tty. nyú
- Ttl. nuoc
*nupa — "to cook"
- Pot. nopa
- Kat. nuha, nū, na
- Trin. nup
- JS nuptaka (*nupa-taka)
- pnakoun "cauldron" (*nupa-kim)
- pnafa "hearth" (*nupa-pa)
- Tty. nufe, nufya
*nuri — "peace"
- Kat. nuri
- Trin. nur
*nurum — "pleasure"
- Kat. nuru (III)
- Trin. nurnur
- JS nuroun
- Tty. nuyu "toy"
*nutudu — "hoe"
- Wok. nəsə̄
- Pot. notoho
- Kat. nuduzu
- Trin. tul
- JS tnuvu
P
Pa
*pabi — "ribbon"
- Kat. hawi "belt"
- hawimiri "to be thin" (*pabi-miri)
- Trin. paw
- JS pei
- Sw. bowtš
*padi — "finger" (IP)
- Kat. hazi
- Trin. pal
- JS pitan (*padi-tam)
- pjəy "thumb" (*padi-bu)
- Tty. -fezo, -pezo
*paga — "sky"
- Pot. paya
- Kat. hā
- Trin. pâ
- JS. pei
*pagidi — "mussel", "shell"
- Kat. hawī "clam", "bivalve"
- hawīni "pearl" (*pagidi-pini)
- Trin. pail, pailak
- JS peiji
*pakan — "pain"
- Kat. haga (II)
- hagati "wound" (*pakan-kanti)
- Trin. pak
- JS pakan "disaster"
- Tty. peko
*paki — "to break"
- Kat. hagi
- Trin. pak, pakiw
- JS paki
*paku — "to change"
- Kat. hagu
- JS pkəytta "transformation" (*paku-ninta)
- paktəí "to go insane" (*paku-timi)
- pakutjéi "lunatic" (*paku-timi-da)
*pam — "but"
- Wok. fo
- pota "as" (*pam-ta)
- Pot. pân
- Kat. ha
- JS paun
- Ttl. po
*pamki — "bow"
- Wok. foki
- Pot. pâki
- Kat. haki
- Trin. pag
- JS pakki
- Tty. pá
*pankam — "drum"
- Wok. foko
- Pot. pâkân "to dance"
- Kat. haka (III)
- Trin. papag
- JS pkappu (*pankam-bu)
*pansa — "to be safe", "to be steady"
- Kat. hata
- Trin. psas (*pansa-ki)
- JS psaki "normal" (*pansa-ki)
*pansin — "to be strong"
- Pot. pâse
- Kat. hati (II)
- hatikazi "power" (*pansin-kasi)
- Trin. bziz (*pansin-ki)
- JS passein "to win";
- psikki "strong" (*pansin-ki)
- Ttl. pii
*paNta — "body"
- Kat. hata "flesh", "meat"
- hātugi "shirt" (*paNta-puki)
- JS pteiri "thing" (*paNta-niri)
*paru — "grass"
- Pot. paro
- Kat. haru
- Trin. par
- JS prəu (*para-bu)
*patam — "milk"
- Pot. patân
- Kat. hada (III)
- Trin. pat
- JS patan
- Tty. peta
*pati — "pig"
- Pot. pati
- Kat. hadi
- Tty. pyé
Pi
*pi — "and", "however"
- Wok. fipi (*pi-pi)
- Pot. pi "or"
- ropi "despite" (*ru?-pi)
- Kat. hi "if/then"
- JS pi
*pibam — "to be grey"
- Kat. hiwa (III) "to be gloomy"
- Trin. pwaz (*pibam-ki)
- JS peikki (*pibam-ki)
*pida — "middle"
- Kat. hiza
- Trin. pil
- JS peitan (*pida-tam)
- pjou "main part" (*pida-bu)
*pigi — 5
- Pot. piji
- Kat. hī
- Trin. pî
- JS piji
- Sw. boy
- Tty. poho
- Ttl. cui
*piki — "bread"
- Pot. piki
- Kat. higi
- higōzu, higīzu "oven" (II) (*piki-gudun)
- Trin. pik
- pikit "to bake" (*piki-gitin?)
*pimaru — "turtle"
- Pot. pimaro
- Kat. himaru
- JS peiru
*pimka — "brother" (IP)
- Pot. penka
- Kat. hika
- Trin. pig, gak
- JS pikka
- pkata "twin" (*pimka-ta)
- tapkóu "enemy" (*tam-pimka-bu?)
- Tty. -foke, -k’e
*pin — "with"
- Kat. hi
- JS pin
- Tty. fi
- Ttl. cui
*piNkin — "flour"
- Wok. feke
- Kat. hiki (II)
- Trin. pipig
*piNti — "hair"
- Kat. hiti
- Trin. pid
*piNtu — "to hang"
- Kat. hitu
- Trin. pid
- JS pittu
*pipidi — "to join"
- Kat. hizi, hīzi "to build"
- Trin. pil "to stick"
- JS pfiji "to adhere"
*pira — 3
- Pot. pira
- Kat. hira
- Trin. pir
- JS pira
- Sw. boyra
- Tty. pye
- Ttl. cual
- cualjuelke "thrice" (*pira-niri-ki)
*piran — "bird"
- Kat. hira (II)
- Trin. pir
- JS prakkein (*piran-kin)
*pirata — "to be mixed"
- Kat. hirada
- Trin. pirts (*pirata-ki)
*piri — "to think"
- Pot. pil
- Kat. hiri
- Trin. pir
- JS prəi (*piri-rini)
*pisan — "path"
- Kat. hizānu (II) "story", "destiny" (*pisan-bu)
- Trin. pis
- JS psattan (*pisan-tam)
Pu
*pudu — "to blow", "to breathe"
- Kat. huzu
- Trin. pul
- JS puvu
*puga — "hand" (IP)
- Pot. poya
- Kat. hō
- Trin. pû
- JS pjata (*puga-ta)
- Tty. -puhe
*puki — "cloth"
- Pot. poki
- Kat. hugi
- kāzugi, ksīgi "trousers" (*kasi-puki)
- hugīni "loom" (*puki-pini)
- hātugi "shirt" (*paNta-puki)
- Trin. puk
- JS puki
- pkəy "clothing" (*puki-bu)
*pun — "spirit"
- Kat. hu (II)
- hukawi "spirit world" (*pun-kabi)
- hutagu "god" (*pun-taku)
- JS pun
*puna — "to be brown"
- Kat. huna
- Trin. pnas (*puna-ki)
- JS pouki "brown" (*puna-ki)
- pouktəí "to rot" (*puna-ki-timi)
*puNta — "to marry"
- Kat. huta
- Trin. pud
- JS putta
- ptafa "wedding" (*puNta-pa)
*punu — "table"
- Pot. pono
- Kat. hunu
- Trin. pun
- JS pəu "flat surface"
- sanipəu "rice paddy" (*sanin-punu)
*pusun — "leaf"
- Kat. huzu (II)
- Trin. pus
- JS pusein
- psummu "vegetation" (*pusun-mu)
*putam — "hill"
- Wok. hoto "village"
- Pot. potân
- Kat. huda (III)
- hudapā "slope" (*putam-saga)
- JS putan
- Tty. puta "village"
R
Ra
*ra — "for"
- Wok. -Ṽdira (*V-ni-ra)
- Pot. -ra
- Kat. ra
- Trin. -ra
- JS ra
- Tty. ye
- Ttl. -lue
*raban — "basket"
- Kat. rawa (II)
- Trin. raw, wag
- JS raun
*radim — "to open"
- Pot. rahe
- Kat. razi (III)
- Trin. ral
- JS rajoun tr., rissein intr. (*radim-sun)
*radun — "wasp"
- Kat. razu (II)
- Trin. ral
- Tty. yezyu
*raga — "side"
- Kat. rā
- Trin. râ
- JS rjata (*raga-ta)
- kupséi "west" (*kupun-raga)
- nvakréi "east" (*niga-ki-raga)
*ragibun — "scorpion"
- Kat. rēwu (II)
- Trin. rau, raunak
- JS rjəyn "mythical beast"
*raka — "to be closed"
- Kat. raga
- ragagu "to close" (*raka-ku)
- ragani "to end" (*raka-ni?)
- Trin. rak
- JS raka
- krei "to close" (*raka-ni?)
- Sw. rdže-
*ram — "what"
- Pot. râ
- Kat. ra
- rāmi "how" (*ram-mi)
- Trin. ran, rag
- JS rakkoun "why" (*ram-kim)
- Tty. ya
- Ttl. luo
*rampan — "bridge"
- Kat. rāma (II)
- Trin. rab
- JS rappan
- Tty. yapyo
- Ttl. luopi
*ramsa — "woman"
- Pot. ransa
- Kat. rapa
- Trin. raz
- Tty. yase
- Ttl. luos
*ramtam — "storm", "hurricane"
- Wok. roto
- Pot. rântân "late summer"
- Kat. rata (III)
- Trin. rarad
- JS trappu (*ramtam-bu)
*raNki — "tribe"
- Kat. rakiwu "nation" (*raNki-bu)
- Katapaki "Katapaki nation" (*kantam-raNki)
- Trin. rag
- JS. rakki
- krəy "nation" (*raNki-bu)
*raNta — "leather"
- Kat. rata
- Trin. rad
*rapam — "to meet"
- Pot. rapânta "near" (*rapam-ta)
- Kat. raha, ra (III)
- Trin. rap
- JS rapsəí (*rapam-rini)
- prattaka "to combine" (*rapam-taka)
- rapmiri "to connect" (*rapam-miri)
- Tty. yefape (*rapam-ba)
*rapi — "autumn"
- Pot. rapi
- Kat. rahi
- Trin. rap
- JS rafi
- Tty. yefo
*rasa — "horn of an animal" (IP)
- Kat. razada, razda "pair of horns" (*rasa-ta)
- Trin. ras
- JS rasa
- Tty. -yese, -sese
*ratan — "to move"
- Pot. ratâ
- Kat. rada (II)
- rādiri "to return" (*ratan-riri)
- Trin. rat
Ri
*riban — "to be angry"
- Pot. rabâ
- Kat. riwa (II) "to be bad"
- JS reikki (*riban-ki)
*ribi — "year"
- Kat. riwi
- Trin. riw
- JS rəi
*rida — "powder", "dust"
- Kat. riza
- Trin. ril
- JS rei
*ridin — "to be smooth"
- Kat. rizi (II)
- JS rikki (*ridin-ki)
*rika — "to learn"
- Kat. riga
- rigini "to teach" (*rika-ni?)
- Trin. rik
- JS krəi (*rika-ni?)
*rimpa — "to meet", "to fulfill"
- Kat. rīma
- Trin. rib
*rimpun — "lion"
- Pot. renpu
- Kat. rīmu
- Trin. rib, big
- JS rippein
*rimni — "to laugh"
- Kat. rīni
- Rīnidī "Laughing" (*rimni-tipi)
- Trin. rin
- JS rinni
- Tty. yon
- cuveyon’ "ridiculous feature" (*tim-ruma-rimni-kim)
*rinu — "to be free"
- Kat. rinu
- Trin. nus (*rinu-ki)
- JS rəyku "to release" (*rinu-ku)
*ripa — "meat"
- Kat. riha, rī, ra "strength"
- Trin. rip
- JS rifa
*ripini — "to be secret"
- Kat. rīnizi (II) "spy" (*ripini-sudim)
- Trin. ripnis (*ripini-ki)
- JS prəiki (*ripini-ki)
*rirun — "arrow"
- Wok. riro
- Kat. riru (II)
- Trin. ririr
- JS rirein
- Tty. yoyu
*riti — "to be fast"
- Kat. ridi
- Trin. tis (*riti-ki)
- JS riti "to run"
- triki "fast" (*riti-ki)
Ru
*ru — "on"
- Kat. ru
- Trin. -ru
- JS ru
- Tty. yu
- Ttl. -ve
*ruba — "ball"
- Kat. ruwa
- Trin. ruw
- JS rou "bundle"
- roukein "lump" (*ruba-kin)
- rouvákki "radish" (*ruba-mamki)
*rudi — "to appear", "to be new"
- Kat. ruzi
- Trin. lis "new" (*rudi-ki)
- JS ruji
- vriki "new" (*rudi-ki)
*rugun — "sign"
- Kat. rū (II)
- Tiharū "Horse-omen" (*tipan-rugun)
- Trin. rûn
- JS rujein "picture"
- rumiri "to signify" (*rugun-miri)
*rukun — "hook"
- Kat. rugu
- Trin. ruk
- JS rukein
- kruppu "elbow" (*rukun-bu)
*rum — "man"
- Wok. rosoka "crowd" (*rum-tuNka)
- Pot. run
- Kat. ru (III)
- nāgiru, nagru (III) "chief" (*napa-kim-rum)
- Trin. rum
- JS run
- Ttl. vo
*ruma — "onto"
- Kat. ruma
- Trin. -run
- Tty. yuve
- Ttl. -vem
*rumpa — "bee"
- Kat. rūma
- Trin. rub
- JS ruppa
- prafa "beehive" (*rumpa-pa)
*runi — "tail" (IP)
- Kat. runi
- Trin. run
- JS rəy
- Tty. -yul, -sul
*runtu — "fog", "mist"
- Kat. rutu
- Trin. rud
- JS ruttu
*rupi — "to smoke", "to burn"
- Kat. ruhi, rū, ri "to be angry"
- Trin. rup
- JS rufi
*ruri — "off"
- Kat. ruri
- Trin. -rur
- Tty. yuy
- Ttl. -vel
S
Sa
*sadin — "to feel"
- Kat. sazi (II)
- Trin. sal, lib
- JS sajein
*saga — "head" (IP)
- Kat. sā
- Trin. sâ
- JS sei
*sagina — "to be different"
- Kat. sēna
- Trin. sainas (*sagina-ki)
- JS sjei
- sjeiki "different"
*saku — "rat"
- Pot. sako
- Kat. sagu
- Trin. sak
- JS saku
*samsa — "eagle"
- Kat. sapa, spa
- Trin. saz
- JS sassa
*sanin — "rice"
- Wok. shane
- Kat. sani (II)
- Trin. san
- JS sani
- sanipəu "rice paddy" (*sanin-punu)
*saNkana — "edge"
- Kat. skana, sakana
- Trin. zgan
- JS skau
*sanpa — "steam"
- Kat. sāna
- Trin. sab
- JS sappa
*santi — "to say"
- Pot. sâti
- Kat. sati, sti
- hitati "to agree with" (*pin-santi)
- Trin. sad
- Ttl. sic
*sapi — "to end"
- Kat. sārini, sirini "to perish" (*sapi-rini)
- Trin. sap
- JS spifa "end" (*sapi-pa)
- sapkasi "end" (*sapi-kasi)
*satun — "to cover"
- Kat. saduki (III) "blanket" (*satun-kim)
- satini (II) "to hide" (*satun?-rini)
- JS stukkoun "blanket" (*satun-kim)
Si
*si — "this"
- Pot. si
- Kat. si
- simi "like this" (*si-mi)
- Trin. si
- JS si
- səikoun "like this" (*si-ni-kim)
- nusi "therefore" (*nudu?-si)
- Tty. sŏ
- Ttl. e
- al "this place" (*si-ra?)
- aj "thus" (*si-mi)
*siba — "worm"
- Kat. siwa
- Trin. siw
- JS seitan (*siba-tam)
*sidam — "family"
- Pot. sihân
- Kat. siza (III)
- Trin. sil, lag
- JS sein
- Tty. sozat’u "relative" (*sidam-timtu)
*sigi — "to sleep"
- Kat. sī
- Trin. sî
*sikinmi — "flea"
- Kat. skīni, sikīni
- Trin. skim
- JS siknəý
- Tty. sóno
*sikun — "to sew"
- Kat. sigu (II) "to stitch"
- Trin. sik, skub
- JS sikein
- skuppa "stitch" (*sikun-pa)
*sima — 6
- Pot. sima
- Kat. sima
- Trin. sim
- JS sei
- Sw. že
- Tty. sve
- Ttl. em
*simka — "winter"
- Pot. senka
- Kat. sika
- Trin. sig, zgak
*simni — "shrimp"
- Kat. sīni
- Tty. sno
*simsimma — "mole"
- Kat. spīma, sipīma
- Trin. zim
- JS tsimma
- kjeitsimma "hedgehog" (*?-simsimma)
*simu — "to climb"
- Wok. shimu, henbu
- Kat. simu
*siNki — "snow"
- Kat. siki
- Trin. sisig
- JS sikki
*sinna — "breast" (IP)
- Wok. hendata (*sinna-ta)
- Kat. sīnada "two breasts" (*sinna-ta)
- JS snata (*sinna-ta)
- Tty. -sine
*sinni — "to see"
- Pot. seni
- Kat. sīni
- JS sinni "to think", "to remember"
- Tty. sin, sinye
- tomsin’ "mirror" (*tim-mi-sinni-kim)
- Ttl. ij
*sinta — "to be happy"
- Pot. seta
- Kat. sita, sta
- Trin. zdas (*sinta-ki)
- JS sitta "to succeed"
- staki "effective" (*sinta-ki)
*sinun — "louse"
- Pot. sinu
- Kat. sinu (II)
- Trin. sinin
- JS səymmu (*sinun-mu)
- Tty. slyu
*sipa — "name" (IP)
- Kat. siha
- JS sifa
- spaviki "famous" (*sipa-dudi-ki)
- Sw. zbawuye "to be famous" (*sipa-dudi)
- Tty. sofe
*sipin — "to fly"
- Pot. sipe
- Kat. sihi (II)
- Trin. sisip
- JS sifein
- sipkasi "journey" (*sipin-kasi)
*sira — "snake"
- Kat. sira
- Trin. sisir
- JS srou (*sira-bu)
*siri — "to be sweet"
- Kat. siri "to be kind"
- Trin. sris (*siri-ki)
- JS sriki (*siri-ki)
*sita — "to taste"
- Kat. sita
- Trin. sitit
- JS sita
- nvaksita "to taste good" (*nagan-ki-sita)
- tsuksita "to taste bad" (*tutu-ki-sita)
- Tty. sotya (*sita-ba)
*siti — "to be sour"
- Kat. sidi
- Trin. stis (*siti-ki)
*situm — "knot"
- Kat. sidu, stu (III)
- Trin. sit
- JS sitoun
*situn — "to tie"
- Kat. sidu, stu (II)
- Trin. sit
- JS sitein
Su
*subun — "shore", "river bank"
- Wok. shū
- Pot. sobu
- Kat. suwu, swu (II)
- Trin. suw
- JS səun
*sudin — "to give"
- Wok. shū, hude
- Pot. sohe
- Kat. suzi, si (II)
- suksuzi, sukāzi "to conduct rituals" (*sumka-sudin)
- Kat. rīnizi (II) "spy" (*ripini-sudim)
- Trin. sul, slib
- JS sujein
*sugi — "to be short"
- Pot. soyi
- Kat. sū, sē
- JS siki (*sugi-ki)
*sugun — "shame"
- Kat. sū (II)
- Trin. sûn
*suku — "to fall"
- Kat sugu, sku
- Trin. suk, skuw
- JS suku
- Tty. suko (*suku-ba)
- Ttl. sua
*sumin — "spring" (season)
- Pot. some "flower"
- Kat. sumi (II)
- Trin. sum, smig
- JS səyn
*sumpu — "island"
- Kat. sūmu "dry land"
- Trin. sub
- Zbur, Zubrik "Trinesian islands" (*sumpu-ri)
- JS spukein (*sumpu-kin)
- Tty. supo
*sumka — "power"
- Pot. sunka
- Kat. suka
- suksuzi, sukāzi "to conduct rituals" (*sumka-sudin)
- Trin. sug
- JS sukka
- skou "magic" (*sumka-bu)
*sunki — "fish"
- Pot. suki "disgusting"
- Kat. suki, ski
- Trin. susuk
- JS sukki
*sunti — "voice" (IP)
- Pot. suti
- Kat. suti, sti
- sutiduka "language" (*sunti-tuNka)
- Kataputi "Kataputi language" (*kantam-sunti)
- Nadzuti "Flower-voice" (*natin-sunti)
- Trin. sud
- JS stəy (*sunti-bu)
- Tty. -syú
*sura — "mouth" (IP)
- Kat. sura, swa
- Trin. sur
- JS sura
- srata "ears" (*sura?-ta)
- Tty. -suye
*surin — "brush"
- Kat. suri, swi (II)
- Trin. susur
- JS surein "reed"
*suru — "time"
- Pot. sol
- Kat. suru
- Trin. surur
- JS suru
- Sw. zwor, zo'ror
- Tty. suy
*susina — "cow", "cattle"
- Pot. sosina
- Kat. sina, susina
- Trin. sin, sunak
- JS tsei
T
Ta
*ta — "at"
- Pot. -ta
- Kat. ta
- Trin. -ta
- JS ta
- Tty. te
- Ttl. -te
*taba — "bag"
- Kat. tawa
- tētawa "winnowing fan" (*tigan-taba)
- Trin. taw
- JS tveiri "to hold" (*taba-miri)
- tveiréi "bag" (*taba-miri-da)
*tabibi — "fish eggs"
- Kat. twiwi, tōwi
- JS teijəý (*tabibi-mu)
*tada — "father" (IP)
- Pot. taha, tata
- Kat. taza
- JS tau
- tauta "parents" (*tada-ta)
- Tty. -teze
- Ttl. tde
*tagan — "wall"
- Kat. tā (II)
- tānu "fortification" (*tagan-bu)
- Trin. tân
- JS tein
- Tty. teho
*tagi — "face" (IP)
- Kat. tē
- Trin. tai, tik
- JS taji "front"
- Tty. -teho
*takan — "knife"
- Pot. takâ
- Kat. taga (II)
- Trin. tak, tkag
- JS takan
- Tty. teko
- Ttl. tei
*taku — "to be narrow"
- Pot. tako
- Kat. tagu
- Trin. tkus (*taku-ki)
*tam — "not"
- Wok. so
- Pot. tân
- Kat. ta
- JS taun
*tama — "to"
- Pot. batama (*ba?-tama)
- Kat. tama
- Trin. -tan
- JS tau
- Tty. teve
- Ttl. -tem
*tama — "to be deep"
- Kat. tama
- Trin. tmas (*tama-ki)
- JS tauki (*tama-ki)
*tampa — "hammer"
- Kat. tāma
- Trin. tab, dbak
- JS tappa "hand"
- tpakoun "hammer" (*tampa-kim)
*tamta — "to put"
- Pot. tânta
- Kat. tata
- Trin. tad, daw
- JS tatta
*tamu — "past"
- Pot. tamo
- Kat. tamu
- Trin. tam
- Ttl. taṅ-, -tṅue
*tansa — "to be warm"
- Kat. tata
- Trin. dzas (*tansa-ki)
- JS tsaki (*tansa-ki)
*taNtu — "to be cruel"
- Kat. tatu "to torture"
- Trin. dudus (*taNtu-ki)
- JS tattu
*tapa — "to be flat"
- Pot. tapapa "field" (*tapa-pa)
- Kat. taha, tā, ta
- Trin. tpas (*tapa-ki)
- JS tpaki (*tapa-ki)
- tpafa "plains" (*tapa-pa)
*tapam — "to step"
- Kat. taha, ta (III) "to walk"
- JS tap
- tapnitta "footprint" (*tapam-ninta)
*tara — "enemy"
- Trin. tar
- JS tara "problem"
*tari — "from"
- Pot. batari (*ba?-tari)
- Kat. tari
- Trin. -tar
- Tty. tey
- Ttl. -tel
*tatu — 7
- Pot. tato
- Kat. tadu
- Trin. tat
- JS tatu
- Sw. dol
- Tty. tetu
- Ttl. tat
Ti
*ti — 1st person exclusive
- Wok. shishi
- Pot. ti
- Kat. ti
- Trin. ti
- JS ti
- Sw. dže
- Tty. toha (*ti-gam)
- Ttl. cal (*ti-ra?)
*tigan — "to shake"
- Wok. shiwo, tigo
- Kat. tē (II) "to sort"
- tētawa "winnowing fan" (*tigan-taba)
- tēku "to shock" (*tigan-ku)
- Trin. tên
- JS tijan
- tvaksəý "earthquake" (*tigan-ka[ks]i-bu)
*tigi — "wing" (IP)
- Kat. tīda "two wings" (*tigi-ta)
- Trin. tî
- JS tita (*tigi-ta)
- Tty. -’oho, -ího
- -’ohvá, -íhvá "shoulderblade" (*tigi-maNki)
*tika — "stick"
- Kat. tiga
- kūdiga "spear" (*kupu-tika)
- Trin. tik
- JS tika
- tkari "tripod" (*tika-ri)
*tiki — 100
- Pot. tiki
- Kat. tigi 100
- tigiwu 1000 (*tiki-bu)
- Trin. tis
- JS tiki
- Tty. kezyekˀo (*kada-tiki)
- Ttl. cek
*tikidi — "to be sharp"
- Kat. tigizi, tigzi
- tigzigi, tigizgi (III) "sword" (*tikidi-kim)
- Trin. tiklis (*tikidi-ki)
*tikun — "frog"
- Kat. tigu (II)
- JS tikein
*timka — "bug"
- Pot. tenka
- Kat. tika
- Trin. tig
- JS tikka
*timpa — "music"
- Kat. tīma
- Trin. tib
- JS tippa
*timpama — "left side"
- Kat. tama, tīma
- Trin. tpam
- JS tpau
*timtu — "person"
- Wok. shetə
- Pot. Tento
- Kat. titu "citizen"
- tituniri "social rank" (*timtu-niri)
- Trin. tid, duk
- JS. tsuta "couple" (*timtu-ta)
- tsuri "three people" (*timtu-ri)
- Tty. sozat’u "relative" (*sidam-timtu)
*timun — "tick (bug)"
- Kat. timu (II)
- Trin. tim
- JS təykkein "flea" (*timun-kin)
*tinadam — "spider"
- KAt. tinaza (III)
- Trin. tnal
- JS tjaun
*tinmi — "to join"
- Kat. tīmi "to fix"
- Trin. tin
- Tty. tim
- tomtim’ "rowlock" (*tim-mi-tinmi-kim)
*tinpan — "excrement"
- Wok. shepo
- Kat. tīna (II)
*tinsi — "to be awake"
- Kat. titi
- Trin. dzis (*tinsi-ki)
- JS tissi
- tistəí "to wake up" (*tinsi-timi)
*tipan — "horse"
- Pot. tipâ
- Kat. tiha (II)
- Tiharū "Horse-omen" (*tipan-rugun)
- Trin. tip, tpag
*tipi — "star", "point"
- Pot. tipi "god"
- Kat. tīwu (*tipi-bu)
- tīmiri, timiri "be important"
- Rīnidī "Laughing" (*rimni-tipi)
- Trin. titip
- tipnas "iron" (*tipi-ganasu)
- JS tifi
- Tty. fo
- Ttl. cac
*tipin — "mouse"
- Pot. tipe
- Kat. tihi, tī, ti (II)
- JS tpikkein (*tipin-kin)
- Tty. fi
*tiraki — "to be quiet"
- Kat. tragi, tiragi
- Trin. tirkis (*tiraki-ki)
*tiri — "to pull"
- Kat. tiri, tri
- Trin. tir
*tirun — "needle"
- Kat. tiru, tru (II)
- JS tirein
*tisan — "knee" (IP)
- Kat. tsata, tizda "two knees" (*tisan-ta)
- Trin. tis, tsag
- JS tisan
- Tty. -’oso, -ico
*tisu — "roof"
- Wok. shihə
- Kat. tizu
- Trin. titis
- JS tisu
- Sw. džez
*titaru — "crawfish"
- Kat. tidaru, tidru
- JS tsaru
Tu
*tuban — "egg"
- Pot. toba
- Kat. tuwa, twa
- Trin. tuw, twag
- JS toun
*tubiNta — "testicle" (IP)
- Wok. tubeta
- Kat. twita, tuwita
- JS təytta
*tubira — "swallow"
- Pot. tobira "bird"
- Kat. twira, tuwira
- Trin. twir, twirak
- JS təyra
*tuda — "cloud"
- Kat. tuza, tsa
- Trin. tul
- JS tou
- tvou "bad weather" (*tuda-bu)
*tudun — "mosquito"
- Kat. tuzu, tsu (II)
- tuzduka "swarm" (*tudun-tuNka)
- JS tuvein
*tuganta — "to be dark"
- Pot. toyâta
- Kat. tōta
- Trin. tôdas
- JS tutjaki "dark" (*tuganta-ki)
- tutjəí "to grow dark" (*tuganta-timi)
*tugi — "dog"
- Pot. toyi
- Kat. tū
- tūda (III) "puppy" (*tugi-tam)
- Trin. tû
- JS tuji
- Tty. tuho
- Ttl. tui
*tugun — "nose" (IP)
- Pot. toyu
- Kat. tū (II)
- Trin. tûn
- JS tujein
- Tty. -tuhyu
*tuku — "topic"
- Kat. tugu
- Trin. tuk
- JS tuk
- tkəu "discussion" (*tuku-bu)
- tkufa "meeting" (*tuku-pa_
*tukugu — "to be true"
- Pot. tokoyo
- Kat. tugû
- Trin. tukus (*tukugu-ki)
- JS tkuvu
*tum — "to be dead"
- Pot. tunha "ancestor" (*tum-da)
- Kat. tu (III)
- tutawu "ancestor" (*tum-da-bu)
- Trin. tuz
- JS tukki "dead" (*tum-ki)
- tuttəí "to die" (*tum-timi)
*tum — 3rd person feminine
- Wok. soso
- Pot. tun
- Kat. tu
- Trin. tum
- JS tun
- Sw. dò
- Tty. tuka (*tum-gam)
- Ttl. tuos (*tum-ra?)
*tumpa — "nut"
- Kat. tūma
- Trin. tub
- JS tpatan (*tumpa-tam)
*tuNka — "pot"
- Kat. tuka
- tukōzu "kiln" (*tuNka-gudun)
- Trin. tug
*tunti — "to use"
- Pot. tuti
- Kat. tuti
- Trin. tud
- JS tutti
- tutrəí "to perform poorly" (*tunri-rini)
- Tty. tyutye (*tunti-ba)
- Ttl. tuic
*tupa — "hat"
- Kat. tuha
- Trin. tup
- JS tufa
*tupi — "soul" (IP)
- Kat. tuhi, tū, ti "person"
- Trin. tutup
- JS tufi
- Tty. -tufo
*tutu — "to be bad"
- Pot. toto
- Kat. tudu "to be ill"
- Trin. tus (*tutu-ki)
- JS tsuki (*tutu-ki)
- tsukmajein "to smell bad" (*tutu-ki-magin)
- tsuksita "to taste bad" (*tutu-ki-sita)
*tutu — "tree trunk"
- Kat. tudu "body", "torso"
- Trin. tut
- JS tutu
- tsukein "tree stem" (*tutu-kin)
- Tty. tuto
Unknown formants
Wokatasuto
- -doki "hair"
- aku "only"
- heshire, hehire "to fear"
- ufu "small settlement"
Potɑnsʉti
- pihi "flat"
- mal "few"
- poso "several"
- taso "to listen"
- mire "clean"
- kâsa "to admire"
- kuno "to shun"
- sopipa "spirit world"
- tal "therefore"
- mapâ "alcohol"
- ba-, ho- (elements of adpositions)
- hukosa "to abandon"
- kijâ "but"
- niti "to save"
- sopani "captors"
- talta "surprisingly"
- teku (?)
Kataputi
- hizi "to starve"
- hitu "to bake"
- wō "or"
- higada "city"
- hakrita "commerce"
- Hawuhū "Anatolionesians"
- Hazāka "Hazāka plains"
- titi "cake"
- nō (II) "to be full"
- kātagi "leech"
- Kukōha "Kukōha inlet in Tagimī
- Tagimī "Tagimī Great Bay"
- tatuzi "to cut"
Trinesian
- rûk "frog"
- kid "ear"
- sisik "to starve"
- kuguk "to imprison"
Jouki Stəy
- đtəy "hair"
- kjei "spine", "quill"
- mjəiri "tingle", "itch"
- tsəy "feast"
- nukvissi "roof opening", "chimney"
- jikka "to reciprocate"
- mjəy "apparently"
- miji "maybe"
- pifein "to tell"
- pummu "to spare one's life"
- Jouki "Jouki nation"
- Prousoun "Prousoun island"
- Təisi "Təisi capital"
Tetey
- ute "person"
Internal loanwords
Wokatasuto
Wohata "Wohata coast"
- Kat. Wēhata
Potɑnsʉti
Tento "Tento people"
- Kat. Tētu
Kataputi
higada "city"
- JS jikađa
- kjatta "village"
nākiru "chief"
- JS naukiru "mayor"
tukōzu "kiln"
- JS tkousu "oven"
Jouki Stəy
Jouki "Jouki nation"
- Kat. Gōki
External loanwords
These words were probably not a part of the Proto-Dumic vocabulary and were introduced later.
Macro-Anatolionesian
cwocwo "shoal of fish"
- JS kvouku
hmahma "dune"
- Kat. mimi
kakant "windstorm"
- Kat. kigita "hurricane"
kañshra "iron"
- Kat. kēnasa
- JS keinasa
khwa "river"
- JS Ku "Ku river"
kniŋ "silver"
- Kat. haki (II)
- JS jaki
kret "to fish"
- Wok. kokirete "fishing season"
- kokirefono "fisherboat"
ksas sim "grass island"
- Kat. Kōsima "Kyosshin island"
ktam "head"
- JS kutan "forehead"
nwa "rope"
- Kat. wuna
ñok "peninsula", "cape"
- Kat. nuka "shore"
paryun "sailor"
- Kat. piru (II)
puhk "storm", "rough seas"
- Kat. pōka
- JS pukka
pyun "boat"
- Wok. kokirefono "fisherboat"
pyupyun "flotilla"
- Wok. pufono "fisherman"
- Kat. pupuna "fleet"
sam "shark"
- Kat. si (III)
sim "island"
- JS sin "small island"
sisim "archipelago"
- Kat. sisi (III)
- sizgigi "island" (*-kiki)
tahp "noble", "precious"
- Kat. tēputa "nobility"
tatak "mountain range"
- Kat. Tidika "Tidika mountains"
tko "octopus"
- Kat. haku
tmats "otter"
- JS tmauta
twuk "winter"
- JS təuka
wath "coast", "beach"
- Kat. wita
- JS jatta
wan "strait"
- Kat. wi (II) "channel"
woh sim "big island"
- Kat. Wōsima "Ōshin island"