Proto-Dumic (reconstructed)/Lexicon

Here is the reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Dumic along with the sources of the loanwords appearing in Dumic languages.

Notes:

• N signifies any of /m n/.
• V signifies any vowel.
• [xyz] signifies any of /x y z/.
• (IP) means that the noun had an obligatory possesion marking in Proto-Dumic.
• (II), (III) signify inflection patterns in Kataputi.

B

Ba

*baburu — "bear"

• Kat. wuru, wawuru
• Trin. wur
• JS pfuru
• Tty. ayu

*bada — "door"

• Wok. baa
• Kat. waza
• Trin. wal
• JS jau
• Sw. a'mòyr (?)
• Tty. eze

*badim — "to be old"

• Kat. wazi (III)
• Trin. uliz (*badim-ki)
• JS jikki (*badim-ki)

*bagi — "honey"

• Wok. bē
• Kat. wē
  • wēmiri "to be sweet" (*bagi-miri)
• Trin. wai
• JS jaji

*bampu — "house"

• Wok. bopu
• Pot. βompo
• Kat. wāmu
  • wāmuduka "village" (*bampu-tuNka)
• Trin. wab, ubus
• JS jappu
• Sw. ži'yuba (?)
• Tty. apu
• Ttl. bouk

*baNka — "ant"

• Kat. waka
• Trin. wag
• JS jakka

*baNtum — "pumpkin"

• Kat. watu (III)
• JS jattoun

*banun — "stomach" (IP)

• Kat. wanu (II)
• JS voun
• Tty. -elyu

*bapam — "net"

• Kat. waha, wā, wa (III)
• Trin. wap
• JS jafan

*bari — "to bathe"

• Kat. wari "swim"
• Trin. war, uriw
• JS jari

*batan — "arm" (IP)

• Pot. βata
• Kat. wadata "two arms" (*batan-ta)
• Trin. wat, utag
• JS jatan "tool"
  • tatta "arm" (*batan-ta)
• Tty. -peto "arm", -eto "shoulder"

Bi

*bibugi — "bat"

• Kat. wū "bat" (?)
• JS jəyji "bat" (?)

*bidi — "water"

• Pot. βihi
• Kat. wizi
• Trin. wil, ulik
• JS jiji
• Sw. ye'yùm (*bidi-mu)
• Ttl. zuez

*biki — "apple"

• Kat. wigi
• Trin. wik
• JS jiki

*bima — "baby", "child"

• Kat. wima
• Trin. wim, umak
• JS jei
• Tty. ve

*bin — "who"

• Wok. be-
• Kat. wi
• Trin. win, wig
• Tty. i
• Ttl. zui

*bini — "to be early"

• Kat. wini
• Trin. unis (*bini-ki)
• JS jəiki (*bini-ki)

*binpam — "hare"

• Kat. wīna (III)
• Trin. wib
• JS jippan

*bintan — "to be strange"

• Pot. βeta "to be gloomy"
• Kat. wita (II)
• Trin. udaz (*bintan-ki)
• JS jittan

*binti — "eye" (IP)

• Pot. βeti
• Kat. witida "two eyes" (*binti-ta)
• Trin. udid
• JS jitti
• Sw. yétš
  • yé'tšéda "two eyes" (*binti-ta)
• Tty. -í

*binun — "moth", "butterfly"

• Kat. winu (II)
• JS jəyn

*biri — "to be dirty"

• Wok. biri, wiri
• Pot. βil
• Kat. wiri "to be weak"
• Trin. uris (*biri-ki)
• JS riki (*biri-ki)

*bitun — "web"

• Kat. widu (II)
• JS pitein "mesh", "netting"

Bu

*budum — "plant"

• Wok. buo
• Kat. wuzu (III)
• Trin. wul
• JS vuvoun "grass"

*bummi — "penis" (IP)

• Wok. bomi
• Tty. -um

*bun — "and"

• Wok. bu
• Pot. βu
  • βuna "because", "if" (*bun-na?)
• Kat. wu
• Trin. wun
• JS ein
• Ttl. gui

*buri — "ice"

• Wok. buri
• Kat. wuri
• Trin. wuwur
• JS vuri

D

Da

*dagi — "to be small"

• Wok. dē, agi
• Pot. haɰi
• Kat. zē
• Trin. lilis (*dagi-ki)
• JS đaji "be insignificant"
  • đviki "small" (*dagi-ki)
  • đjei "child" (*dagi-da)

*daka — "to be slow"

• Wok. doka, oha "to be dumb"
• Pot. haka "to be tainted"
• Kat. zaga
• Trin. kas (*daka-ki)
• JS đaka
  • đkaki "slow" (*daka-ki)

*dan — "to work", "to do"

• Wok. do, o
• Kat. za
  • tipaza, tipsa "to serve" (*tim-ra-dan)
• Trin. lan, lab
• JS đan
  • đkasi "effect" (*dan-kasi)

*danka — "to lose"

• Wok. doka, oha
• Kat. zaka, zga
  • zgaza, zaksa "slave" (*danka-da)
• Tty. -zokeze, -tokeze "defeated opponent" (*danka-da)

*danpa — "mushroom"

• Wok. dopa
• Kat. zāna
• Trin. lab
• JS đappa

*daNta — "to doubt"

• Wok. dota, osa
• Kat. zata
• Trin. lad
• JS đatta "to fear"

*danu — "clay"

• Wok. danə
• Kat. zanu
  • zāmiri "to be grey" (*danu-miri)
• Trin. lan
• JS đou "mud", "dirt"
  • đoukein "figurine", "doll" (*danu?-kin)

*dapin — "to drink"

• Wok. dape, afe
• Pot. hape
• Kat. zahi, zi (II)
• Trin. lap, pib
• JS đafein

*darum — "to go"

• Wok. daro, aro
• Kat. zwūma "road" (*darum-pa)
• JS đaroun
  • đatrəí "across" (*darum-tini)

*dasi — "to be huge"

• Trin. las
• JS đsiki (*dasi-ki)

*data — 4

• Pot. hata
• Kat. zada
• Trin. lat
• JS đata
• Sw. lada
• Tty. zete
• Ttl. det

Di

*di — "to be"

• Wok. di, ə
• Pot. hitaka "to make" (*di-taka)
• Kat. zi
  • kīmizi "to be low" (*kipam-mi-di)
• Trin. li
• JS đi
  • đei "person" (*di-da)
• Tty. zo
• Ttl. -z
  • cokicpe "area below" (*tim-kin-di-pa)

*didadu — "fool"

• Kat. zazu, zizu
• Trin. lal
• JS đeivu

*digan — "to follow", "to hunt"

• Wok. diwo, əgo
• Kat. zē (II) "to search"
• Trin. lên
• JS đijan

*dimi — "to be young"

• Wok. dini, andi
• Pot. himiha "younger sibling" (*dimi-da)
• Kat. zimi
• Trin. mis (*dimi-ki)
• JS đəiki (*dimi-ki)
• Ttl. zaj

*din — "of"

• Wok. -Ṽdī (*V-ni-din)
• Pot. -he
• Kat. zi
• Trin. -lin
• Sw. yì
• Tty. zi
• Ttl. zi

*diNma — "tear"

• Wok. dema
• Kat. zīma
• Trin. lim
• JS đimma

*dinsi — "to be wide"

• Wok. dehi, əshi "to be wise"
• Pot. hesi "to be thick"
• Kat. ziti, zdi
• Trin. zis

*dita — "to be late"

• Wok. dita, əsa "to be slow"
• Kat. zida
  • zdagu "to capture" (*dita-ku)
• Trin. tas (*dita-ki)
• Ttl. -z(e)te

Du

*dubapa — "beetle"

• Kat. zwaha, zwā, zūwa
• Trin. wawap
• JS đoufa

*dubi — "fly"

• Pot. hoβi "fool"
• Kat. zuwi, zwi
• Trin. luw, luwik
• JS đəy
• Tty. zyu

*duku — "to be healthy"

• Wok. dəkə, əhu
• Pot. hoko "to be beautiful"
• Kat. zugu, zgu
• Trin. kus (*duku-ki)
• JS đuku
  • đkuki "healthy" (*duku-ki)

*dum — "next to"

• Kat. zuta (*dum-ta)
• Trin. -lun
• Tty. zu
• Ttl. duo

*dum — "to be the same"

• Kat. zu (III)
• Trin. luz (*dum-ki)
• JS đun
  • đukki "same" (*dum-ki)
  • đutta "the same one" (*dum-da)
• Tty. zu, zupe (*dum, dum-ba)
• Ttl. duok (*dum-ki)

*dumma — "(to) next to"

• Kat. zūma
• Trin. -lun
• Tty. zume

*dumma — "to take"

• Wok. doma, onba
  • omarire "to steal" (*dumma-riri)
• Kat. zūma "to carry"
• JS đumma
• Tty. zumya (*dumma-ba)
• Ttl. duom

*dumsi — "from next to"

• Kat. zupi
• Trin. -luz
• Tty. zuso

*dunsa — "to enjoy"

• Wok. doha, osha
  • oshamu "story" (*dunsa?-mu)
• Kat. zuta, zda "to like"
• Pot. husa "to have sex"
• Trin. luz
• JS đsou "story" (*dunsa?-mu)

*dupinu — "hornet"

• Kat. zinu
• Trin. pin
• JS đpəy

*dutu — "to seem"

• Kat. zudu, zdu
• JS đutu

G

Ga

*ga — "near"

• Trin. -a
• Tty. he

*gabam — "to be wet"

• Wok. gō, obo, ou
• Kat. hawa (III)
  • hawaku "to seduce" (*gabam-ku)
• Trin. waz (*gabam-ki)
• JS vaukki (*gabam-ki)

*gam — "self" (IP)

• JS jaun "person"
• Tty. -ha (in personal pronouns)
• Ttl. -ẏo (in reflexive pronouns)

*gama — "(to) near"

• Kat. hama
• Trin. -an
• Tty. heve
• Ttl. -em

*gamma — "deer"

• Pot. ɰomma
• Kat. hāma
• Trin. am, mak
• JS jamma

*ganasu — "metal"

• Wok. ondahə
  • onahətesū "chief" (*ganasu-timtu)
  • onashəta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)
• Pot. ɰanaso
• Kat. hanazu "regalia"
  • hanāzira "smith" (*ganasu-dira?)
  • gēnazu "metal" (back-formed)
  • kīgēnazu "bronze" (*kigu-ki-ganasu)
  • ksigēnazu "copper" (*kidi-ki-ganasu)
  • nēgēnazu "gold" (*niga-ki-ganasu)
• Trin. nas
  • tipnas "iron" (*tipi-ganasu)
• JS jausu
  • jausuta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)
  • jausvuji "to be prestigious" (*ganasu-dudi)
  • jausəyri "gold" (*ganasu-niri)
  • jausuta "spear and axe" (*ganasu-ta)

*ganti — "to make"

• Pot. ɰati
  • ɰatihira "artisan" (*ganti-dira)
• Kat. hati "to cause"
• Trin. ad, diw
• JS jatti

*gapa — "dust"

• Kat. haha, hā, ha
• Trin. ap
• JS jafa

*gari — "from near"

• Kat. hari
• Trin. -ar
• Tty. hey
• Ttl. -el

*garun — "crow"

• Kat. haru (II)
• Trin. ar, rug
• JS jarein
• Tty. heyu

Gi

*gigin — "to sing"

• Wok. gī, ike
• Pot. ɰije
• Kat. hī (II)
• Trin. în
• JS jijein

*gimi — "to fail", "to be weak"

• Wok. gini, enbi "to be tired"
• Pot. ɰimiru "to die from starvation" (*gimi-run?)
• Kat himi
• JS jəi
  • vəiki "weak" (*gimi-ki)

*gimpu — "to store"

• Kat. hīmu "to own"
• Trin. ib, buw "to keep"

*gimkun — "to jump"

• Wok. geko, iho
• Pot. ɰenku
• Kat. hiku (II)
• Trin. ig, gub
• JS vikkein "to climb"

*gini — "salt"

• Pot. ɰini
• Kat. hini
• Trin. in
• JS jəi

*ginsin — "to be thick"

• Pot. ɰese "to be round"
• Kat. hiti (II) "to be fat"
• Trin. ziz (*ginsin-ki)
• JS jissein "to block"
  • sikki "thick" (*ginsin-ki)
  • jisnitta "butter" (*ginsin)

*gintam — "to be green"

• Pot. ɰeton
• Kat. hita (III)
• Trin. daz (*gintam-ki)
• JS jittan "to shoot up"
  • tjakki "green" (*gintam-ki)

*gipi — "to boil"

• Kat. hihi, hī, hi
  • hīzira "cauldron" (*gipi-dira)
• Trin. ip
• JS jifi

*giri — "illness"

• Pot. ɰil
• Trin. ris (*giri-ki)
• JS jiri

*gisi — "future"

• Pot. ɰisi
• Kat. hizi "vision"
• Trin. is
• Ttl. geq-, -gqe

*gitin — "to let"

• Kat. hidi (II)
• Trin. it, tib
• JS jitein

Gu

*gudun — "oven"

• Wok. gə̄
• Kat. higōzu, higīzu (II) (*piki-gudun)
  • tukōzu "kiln" (*tuNka-gudun)
• JS juvein

*gumna — "heart" (IP)

• Kat. hūna
• Trin. um, mak
• JS junna "heart", "gathering"
• Tty. -hune, -kune

*gumu — "to amuse"

• Kat. humu "to play"
• Trin. um
• JS jəu

*guNka — "to sense"

• Kat. huka "to find"
• Trin. ug
• JS vukka "speak with the dead"

*gupum — "wolf"

• Pot. ɰopun "brave"
• Kat. huhu, hu
  • Hūmu "Wolf" (*gupum-bu)
• Trin. up, pug
• JS jufoun
• Tty. hufu

*guru — "to be round"

• Pot. ɰol "public circle"
• Kat. huru
• Trin. rus (*guru-ki)
• JS juru "to fatten"
  • rjuki "round" (*guru-ki)
  • rjou "border" (*guru-da)
• Tty. huy

K

Ka

*kaba — "to destroy"

• Kat. kawa
• Trin. kaw "to waste"
• JS kau "to kill"

*kabasa — "fox"

• Kat. kwaza, kawasa
• JS kausa

*kabi — "world"

• Pot. kaβi
• Kat. hukawi "spirit world" (*pun-kabi)
  • miragawi "material world" (*mira-kabi)
• Trin. kaw, kwik

*kada — 1

• Pot. kaha
• Kat. kaza
• Trin. kal
• JS kau
• Sw. gwara
• Tty. keze
• Ttl. ed

*kada — "to be big"

• Wok. haa, kada
• Pot. kaha
• Kat. kaza, ksa
• JS kauki (*kada-ki)
• Ttl. ed

*kagam — "raven"

• Kat. kā (III)
• Trin. kân, kâmak

*kagan — 10

• Pot. kaɰa
• Kat. kā
• Trin. kân
• JS koun
• Sw. gwawà
• Tty. keho
• Ttl. eẏi

*kagana — "to be sad"

• Pot. kaɰana
• Kat. kāna
• Trin. kânas (*kagana-ki)
• JS kvau "to mean"

*kagi — "sand"

• Kat. kē
• Trin. kai
• JS kavi
• Tty. keho
  • kehok’o "grain of sand" (*kagi-kiki)

*kakam — "to wake"

• Wok. hoko, koho
• Kat. kaga (III)
• Tin. kak, kab
• JS kakan

*ka[ks]i — "earth"

• Trin. kas, ksik
• JS tvaksəý "earthquake" (*tigan-ka[ks]i-bu)

*kakinim — "duck"

• Kat. kagini (III)
• Trin. kin, kaknig
• JS ksəin
• Tty. kélo

*kami — "axe"

• Wok. hami
• Pot. kani
• Kat. kami
• Trin. kam
• JS kei
• Tty. kevo

*kamnim — "opposite"

• Wok. hone
• Kat. Kānitagu "Trinesian islands" (*kamnim-taku)
• JS kannoun
• Tty. kan

*kampa — "to agree"

• Kat. kāmagu "to mediate" (*kampa-ku)
• Trin. kab
• JS kappa
  • kpeitta "agreement" (*kaNpa-ninta)

*kampani — "to be ready"

• Kat. kāmani "to be wise"
• Trin. kabnis (*kampani-ki)
• JS kpei
• Tty. kapel

*kamsi — "to win", "to defeat"

• Wok. hohi, koshi
• Pot. konsi "to kill"
• Kat. kapi
• JS kassi

*kan — 3rd person masculine

• Wok. hoho
• Pot. ka
  • kata "which" (*kan-ta?)
• Kat. ka
• Trin. kan
• JS kan
• Sw. gwà
• Tty. koka (*kan-gam)
• Ttl. is (*kan-ra?)

*kaniba — "lizard"

• Kat. kaniwa
• Trin. kniw
• JS kvei
• Tty. kelye

*kankin — "to run"

• Wok. hoke, kohe
• Pot. kake
  • kakeha "rabbit" (*kankin-da)
• Kat. kaki (II)
• Trin. kag, gib
• JS kakkein

*kansa — "to be firm"

• Pot. kasa "belt"
• Kat. kata
  • katagu "to protect" (*kansa-ku)
  • katsira "shield" (*kansa-dira)
• Trin. ksas "tight" (*kansa-ki)
• JS ksakoun "belt" (*kansa-kim)

*kantam — "village"

• Pot. katon "chief"
• Kat. kata (III) "meeting hall"
  • Katapaki "Katapaki nation" (*kantam-raNki)
  • Kataputi "Kataputi language" (*kantam-sunti)
• Trin. kad, dag
• JS kattan
• Ttl. ito

*kaNtu — "to be black"

• Pot. kato "to be ugly"
• Kat. katu
• Trin. dus (*kaNtu-ki)
• JS ktuki (*kaNtu-ki)

*kapam — "to bite"

• Kat. kaha, ka (III)
• Trin. kap, kpab
• JS kafan

*kapi — "to answer"

• Kat. kahi
• Trin. kap, kpiw
• JS kafi

*kapu — "sheep"

• Pot. kapo
• Kat. kahu, kā, ku
• Trin. kap, kpug
• JS kafu

*kara — "goose"

• Kat. kara, kra
• Trin. kakar, krak
• JS kara

*karan — "trousers"

• Pot. kara
• Kat. kara (II) "clothes"
• Trin. krad, karda (*karan-ta)
  • kradkal "trouser leg" (*karan-ta-kada)
• JS kratta (*karan-ta)

*karu — "stone"

• Pot. karo
• Kat. karu, kru
• Trin. kar, kruk
• JS krəu (*karu-bu)
• Ttl. ev

*karu — "to be hard"

• Kat. karu, kru
  • kruza "armor" (*karu-da)
• Trin. krus (*karu-ki)
• JS kruki (*karu-ki)

*kasi — "leg" (IP)

• Pot. kasi
• Kat. ksida, kasta "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
  • kāzugi, ksīgi "trousers" (*kasi-puki)
• Trin. kas, ksik "leg", ksid "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
• JS kasi "leg", ksita "two legs" (*kasi-ta)
• Tty. -keso

*kata — "to talk"

• Wok. hata, kasa
  • katohahi "language" (*kata-kasi)
• Kat. kada
  • kadagazi "oratory" (*kata-kasi)
• Trin. kat, taw
  • katkas "language" (*kata-kasi)
• JS kata
  • kteitta "language" (*kata-ninta)
  • katrəí "to chat" (*kata-rini)

*katam — "animal"

• Pot. katon
• Kat. kada (III)
• Trin. kat, tag

Ki

*kibinu — "snail"

• Kat. kwinu, kiwinu
• Trin. kwin
• JS kjəy

*kidi — "to be red"

• Pot. kihi
• Kat. kizi
  • ksigēnazu "copper" (*kidi-ki-ganasu)
• Trin. klis (*kidi-ki)
• JS kiki "red" (*kidi-ki)
  • kitjəí "to bleed" (*kidi-timi)
  • kjəyppi "to stop bleeding" (*kidi-mumpi)

*kigu — "to be yellow"

• Pot. kijo
• Kat. kī, kō
  • kīgēnazu "bronze" (*kigu-ki-ganasu)
• Trin. sîs
• JS kvuki "yellow" (*kigu-ki)
  • kvutəí "to bruise" (*kigu-timi)

*kika — "day"

• Pot. kika
• Kat. kiga
• Trin. sik, skak
• JS kika
  • ksata "two days" (*kika-ta)
  • ksou "time" (*kika-mu)
  • kseitari "later" (*kika-ni-tari)

*kikatim — "crab"

• Kat. kigadi (III)
• JS ksatoun

*kim — "with" (instrumental)

• Wok. -Ṽdike (*V-ni-kim)
• Pot. -ken
• Kat. ki
• Trin. -sin
• JS kin
• Tty. -ló, -nó (*-ni-kim)
• Ttl. ko

*kim — "to come"

• Pot. ken
• Kat. ki (III)
  • mimagi (III) "to enter" (*mima-kim)
• Trin. sim, sib
• JS kin
  • kippa "path" (*kim-pa)
  • kitta "guest" (*kim-da)
• Ttl. ko

*kimi — "not"

• Kat. kimi "in no way"
• Trin. sim
• JS kəi
• Ttl. kaj

*kimun — "ring"

• Kat. kimu (II)
• Trin. sim, smug
• JS kəyn

*kimuna — "otter"

• Kat. kimuna
• JS kjou "sea otter"
• Tty. kvule

*kimpin — "without"

• Pot. kepe
• Kat. kīmi
  • kīmikumi (III) "peasant" (*kimpin-kumim)
• Trin. sib
• JS kippein
• Tty. pʾi
• Ttl. kocui

*kin — "under"

• Trin. -sin
• Tty. ki
• Ttl. ki

*kini — "to be high"

• Kat. kini
• Trin. knis, snis (*kini-ki)
• JS kəiki (*kini-ki)

*kinma — "(to) under"

• Kat. kīma
• Trin. -sin
• Tty. kime

*kiNmu — "to keep"

• Wok. hemu, kenbu
• Kat. kīmu
  • kīmuha "warehouse" (*kiNmu-pa)
• JS kimmu "pickle"
  • kməuppi "to throw away" (*kiNmu-mumpi)
  • kməytta "pickle" (*kiNmu-ninta)

*kinsa — "to be sure"

• Trin. zas (*kinsa-ki)
• JS kissa "to be correct"

*kinsi — "from under"

• Kat. kiti
• Trin. -siz
• Tty. kiso

*kinsi — "to be soft"

• Kat. kiti
• Trin. zis (*kinsi-ki)
• JS ksiki (*kinsi-ki)
• Tty. kiso

*kipam — "earth"

• Pot. kipon
• Kat. kiha (III)
  • kīmizi "to be low" (*kipam-mi-di)
• Trin. sip, spag
• JS kifan

*kipidi — "right side"

• Kat. kizi
• Trin. spil
• JS kpiji

*kiputa — "fingernail" (IP)

• Kat. kuda, kīda
• Trin. sput, siptak
• JS kputa
• Tty. -’fute
• Ttl. kakte, -kkuet

*kiri — "girl"

• Pot. kil
• Kat. kiri, kri
• Trin. sir, srik
• JS kiri
• Ttl. kel

*kisa — "to be cold"

• Pot. kisa
• Kat. kiza
• Trin. sas (*kisa-ki)
• JS ksaki "cold" (*kisa-ki)
  • ksatjéi "corpse" (*kisa-timi-da)

*kisada — "squirrel"

• Kat. ksaza, kīsa
• Trin. ksal
• JS ksau

*kiti — "to slip"

• Kat. kidi
• Trin. sisit
• JS ktiki "fast", "nimble" (*kiti-ki)

*kitun — "to suffer"

• Kat. kidu (II)
• Trin. stuz "poor" (*kitun-ki)
• JS kitein
• Tty. c’yu "to be poor"

Ku

*ku — 1st person inclusive

• Wok. həhə
• Pot. kota (*ku-ta)
• Kat. kuda (*ku-ta)
• Trin. ku
• JS kuta (*ku-ta)
• Tty. kuha (*ku-gam)
• Ttl. qual (*ku-ra?)

*kuba — "wood"

• Kat. kuwa, kwa
• Trin. kuw, kwak
• JS kou
  • kveiriki "wooden" (*kuba-miri-ki)

*kudam — "to give birth"

• Kat. kuza (III)
• Trin. kul, klab
• JS koun
  • kounitta "infant" (*kudam-ninta)
  • koutta "new mother" (*kudam-da)

*kugun — "shadow"

• Kat. kū (II)
• Trin. kûn
• JS kuvein "demon"

*kuki — "to need"

• Kat. kugi
• Trin. kuk, kiw
• JS kuki

*kuma — "box"

• Kat. kuma
• Trin. kum, kmak

*kumim — "shirt"

• Pot. kome
• Kat. kumi (III) "bodice"
  • kumīmu "dress" (*kumim-bu)
  • kīmikumi (III) "peasant" (*kimpin-kumim)
• Trin. kim, kimig
• Tty. kuvo

*kumpi — "brain" (IP)

• Wok. -hopi
• Kat. kūmi
• Trin. kub
• JS kuppi
• Tty. -kú

*kumsi — "to be blue"

• Pot. kunsi
• Kat. kupi
• Trin. gzis (*kunsi-ki)

*kumu — "to be loose"

• Kat. kumu
• Trin. kmus (*kumu-ki)
• JS kəuki "stupid" (*kumu-ki)
  • kəutəí "to loosen" (*kumu-timi)

*kunkum — "tide"

• Wok. hoko
• Kat. kuku (III)
• JS kukkoun "hour"
  • ksuppu "tide" (*kuNkum-bu)
• Tty. kyuku

*kunsa — "to be wrong"

• Kat. kuta
• Trin. gzas (*kunsa-ki)
• JS kussa
• Tty. kyuse

*kunta — "to die"

• Pot. kuta
• Trin. kud
• JS kutta
  • kutrəí "to distort" (*kunta-rini)
• Sw. gú'tá

*kupam — "to be tall"

• Kat. kuhāmiri, kāmiri (*kupam-miri)
• Trin. kpaz (*kupam-ki)
• JS kpakki (*kupam-ki)

*kupan — "tree"

• Pot. kopa
• Kat. kuha, kū, ka (II)
• Trin. kup, kpag
• JS kufan
• Tty. kufyo

*kupi — "to be hollow"

• Kat. kuhi
• Trin. kpis
• JS kpiki
  • kpifa "jar" (*kupi-pa)
• Tty. kufo

*kupu — "to wound"

• Kat. kuhu, kū, ku "to kill"
  • kūdiga "spear" (*kupu-tika)
• Trin. kup, kpuw
• JS kufu
  • kpəytta "wound" (*kupu-ninta)

*kupun — 8

• Pot. kopu
• Kat. kuhu
• Trin. kup
• JS kufu
• Sw. fowk
• Tty. kufyu
• Ttl. quekui

*kupun — "night"

• Kat. kuhu, kū, ku (II)
• Trin. kupup, kpug
• JS kufein
  • kupséi "west" (*kupun-raga)

*kura — "to live", "to exist"

• Pot. koraha "living people" (*kura-da)
• Kat. kura
• Trin. kur, kraw
• JS kura
• Ttl. qual

*kuri — "to be bent"

• Kat. kuri
• Trin. kris (*kuri-ki)
• JS krifa "bend" (*kuri-pa)

*kuruku — "to thunder"

• Kat. krugu, kurugu"
• Trin. kruk
• JS kruku

*kusam — "neck", "throat"

• Kat. kuza (III)
  • kuzāmini "necklace" (*kusam-pini)
• Trin. kus, ksag
• JS kusan
• Tty. kusa

*kuti — "moon"

• Kat. kudi
• Trin. kut, ktik
• JS kuti

*kutu — "rod"

• Kat. kudu "penis"
• Trin. kut, ktuk
• JS kutu

*kutum — "month"

• Kat. kudu (III)
• JS kutoun

M

Ma

*ma — 2nd person

• Wok. mama
• Pot. ma
• Kat. ma
• Trin. ma
• JS ma
• Sw. wà
• Tty. meha (*ma-gam)
• Ttl. mal (*ma-ra?)

*maba — "war"

• Kat. mawa "battle"
  • mawadagu "war" (*maba-taku)
• Trin. maw
• JS mau
• Tty. mya

*madan — "friend"

• Wok. mao-
• Kat. maza (II)
• Trin. mal, mlag
• JS maukkan (*madan-gam)
• Tty. -vezo, -mezo
• Ttl. -mdi

*madi — "to be white"

• Pot. mahi
• Kat. mazi
• Trin. mlis (*madi-ki)
• JS miki (*madi-ki)

*maga — "to be wise"

• Kat. māza "shaman" (*maga-da)
• Trin. mâs (*maga-ki)
• JS mei "to be careful"
  • mvaki "wise" (*maga-ki)
  • matjəí "to realize" (*maga-timi)

*magin — "to smell"

• Kat. mē (II)
• Trin. main
• JS majein
  • nvakmajein "to smell good" (*nagan-ki-magin)
  • tsukmajein "to smell bad" (*tutu-ki-magin)

*magu — "to sit"

• Wok. mā, magu
• Pot. maɰo
• Kat. mō
• Trin. mau
• JS maju
• Tty. mehu
• Ttl. mo

*makan — "grain"

• Pot. maka
• Kat. maga (II)
  • magānu "wheat" (*makan-bu)
  • Magāmiri "Seed" (*makan-miri)
• Trin. mak
• JS kmakkein "seed" (*makan-kin)
  • kmammu "grain" (*makan-mu)
• Tty. meko

*makata — "to be loud", "to make noise"

• Kat. magada
• Trin. maktas (*makata-ki)
• JS kmata
  • maktaki "loud" (*makata-ki)

*mam — "mother" (IP)

• Pot. monha, mommon
• Kat. ma (III)
• Trin. mam
• JS maun
• Tty. -va, -ma

*mamun — "to plant"

• Wok. mamo, manbo
• Pot. mamu "spring"
• Kat. mamu (II)
• Trin. mam
• JS moun

*manim — "mountain"

• Wok. mane
• Kat. mani (III)
• Trin. man
• JS meippu (*manim-bu)
• Tty. mel

*maNka — "to rest"

• Kat. maka
• Trin. mag
• JS makka

*mamki — "root"

• Wok. moki
• Kat. maki
• Trin. mag
• JS makki
• Tty. -’yéhvá "shoulderblade" (*tigi-mamki)

*mapam — "sweat"

• Kat. maha, mā (III)
• Trin. map
• JS mafan

*mariru — "field"

• Pot. mariro "village"
• Kat. mariru
  • māruda (III) "garden" (*mariru-tam)
• Trin. rir
• JS marəú (*mariru-bu)
• Sw. bwar (?)
  • ma'ro "chief" (?)
• Tty. meyyu

*masa — "food", "wheat"

• Pot. masa
• Trin. mas
• JS masa

*mata — "ear"

• Pot. mata
• Kat. mada
• JS tmata (*mata-ta)

Mi

*mi — "in"

• Kat. mi
• Trin. -mi
• JS mi
• Tty. vo
• Ttl. -jue

*mibam — "boat"

• Kat. miwa (III)
• Trin. miw, wag
• JS mein
• Tty. mye
• Ttl. juebo

*mibu — "wind"

• Kat. miwu
• Trin. mimiw
• JS məy
  • mjəyri "breath" (*mibu-niri)

*midan — "to force"

• Kat. miza (II)
  • Miramaza "Sun-friend" (*mira-madan)
• Trin. mil, mlib
  • mil "force"
• JS mein "force"

*midun — "rain"

• Pot. mihu "early summer"
• Kat. mizu (II)
• Trin. milwil (*midun-bidi?)
• JS mivein

*migu — "sea"

• Kat. mī
  • mīgi (II) "lagoon" (*migu-kin)
• Trin. mî
• JS miju

*mika — "lip" (IP)

• Kat. migada "two lips" (*mika-ta)
• JS miktatta (*mika-tam-ta)
  • kmeiri "to kiss" (*mika-miri)
• Tty. -vŏke, -mke

*miki — 2

• Pot. miki
• Kat. migi
• Trin. mis
• JS miki
• Sw. wòtš
• Tty. mó
• Ttl. juek
  • juekjuelke "twice" (*miki-niri-ki)

*mima — "into"

• Pot. homima (*du?-mima)
• Kat. mima
  • mimagi (III) "to enter" (*mima-kim)
• Trin. -min
• Tty. vove
• Ttl. -juem

*mimpa — "hole"

• Pot. mempa
• Kat. mīma
• Trin. mib
• JS mippa
• Sw. wóypá

*mini — "to have"

• Pot. mini "to seize"
  • minihira "farmer" (*mini-dira)
  • miniru "harvest" (*mini-run?)
• Kat. mini
  • minūmi "to release" (*mini-mumpi)
• Trin. min
• nis "to leave" (*mini?-sun)
• JS məi
  • məikasi "grasp"
• Tty. mol "to hold"
  • mol‘ "coal tongs" (*mini-kim)

*miNki — "to hope"

• Kat. miki
• Trin. mig
• JS mikki

*miNku — "urine"

• Kat. miku
• Trin. mimig
• JS mikku

*minsin — "to be tired"

• Kat. miti (II)
• Trin. miziz (*minsin-ki)
• JS missein
  • mistaka (*minsin-taka)
• Ttl. juii

*miNta — "group"

• Kat. mita
• Trin. mid
• JS mitta "litter of animals"
  • tmeiri "to assemble" (*miNta-miri)
  • tmou "group" (*miNta-bu)

*minti — "summer"

• Pot. meti "hot"
• Kat. miti
• JS mitti

*mipun — "to grow"

• Kat. mihu, mu (II)
  • mīku, muku "to raise" (*mipun-ku)
• Trin. mip
• JS mifein
  • pmutta "plant" (*mipun-da)
  • miptəí "to sprout" (*mipun-timi)

*mira — "sun"

• Pot. mira
• Kat. mira
  • miragawi "material world" (*mira-kabi)
  • Miramaza "Sun-friend" (*mira-madan)
• Trin. mir, rak
• JS mira

*miri — "out"

• Pot. homil (*du?-miri)
• Kat. miri
• Trin. -mir
• Tty. vyo
• Ttl. -juel

*miri — "to smile"

• Kat. miri
• Trin. mir, riw
• JS mitrəí (*miri-timi)
  • mriki "happy" (*miri-ki)

*mirun — "to be beautiful"

• Kat. miru (II)
• Trin. miruz (*mirun-ki)
• JS mrukki (*mirun-ki)
• Ttl. juevi

*miti — "ray"

• Kat. midi "grace" (?)
• Trin. mit (?)

Mu

*mu — "that"

• Kat. mu
  • mumi "like that" (*mu-mi)
• Trin. mu
• Tty. mu
• Ttl. ṅue
  • ṅual "that place" (*mu-ra?)

*mudan — "to stay"

• Kat. muza (II)
  • muzdaga "to support" (*mudan-taka)
  • muzaksira "tradesperson" (*mudan-ku-dira)
  • muzaku "to support" (*mudan-ku)
• Trin. mul
• JS moun "to wait"

*mugan — "bean"

• Wok. muwo
• Kat. mō (II)
• JS mujan

*muku — "fruit"

• Pot. moko
• Kat. mugu
• Trin. muk, kuk
• JS muku
  • skəyku "blackcurrant" (*sVki-muku)
• Ttl. ṅua

*mumma — "and then"

• Pot. mumma
• Kat. mūma
  • kūma "neither/nor" (*kimi-mumma?)

*mumsan — "guts" (IP)

• Kat. mupa (II)
• Trin. muz
• JS mussan
• Tty. -muso

*muni — "shoe"

• Pot. moni
• Kat. muni
• Trin. mun, mnik
• JS məyta (*muni-ta)
• Tty. mul

*mupin — "toe" (IP)

• Kat. muhi, mū, mi (II)
• Trin. mup
• JS pmimmu (*mupin-mu)
• Tty. -vufi, -mufi

*mupum — "owl"

• Kat. muhu (III)
• JS pmuppu (*mupum-bu)

*murimi — "to be smooth"

• Kat. murimi
• Trin. rims (*murimi-ki)
• JS mrəi "to be calm"
  • mrəifa "floor" (*murimi-pa)

*musugam — "to be famous"

• Wok. mushəwo, muhəgo
• Pot. mosoɰa
• Kat. muzō (III) "to be sacred"
• Trin. musoz (*musugam-ki)
• JS smujan

*mutun — "son"

• Wok. muto, -buton
• Pot. motu
• Kat. mudu (II)
• Trin. mut, tug
• JS mutein

N

Na

*nabi — "to weigh"

• Kat. nawi "to hold up"
  • nawizu (II) "to be heavy" (*nabi-sun)
• Trin. naw
• JS nei

*nadan — "to be sturdy"

• Kat. naza (II)
  • nazdimi "to freeze" (*nadan-timi)
• JS naukki "hard" (*nadan-ki)

*nadi — "country"

• Wok. nā
• Kat. nazi
• Trin. nal

*nagan — "to be good"

• Kat. nā (II)
  • nākazi "pleasure" (*nagan-kasi)
  • nāku (II) "to help" (*nagan-ku)
• Trin. nânas (*nagan-ki)
• JS nvakki "good" (*nagan-ki)
  • nvakmajein "to smell good" (*nagan-ki-magin)
  • nvaksita "to taste good" (*nagan-ki-sita)
  • njatta "hero" (*nagan-da)

*nakata — "to damage"

• Kat. nagada
• Trin. nakat
• JS knata
  • nakteitta "destruction" (*nakata-ninta)
• Ttl. nete

*naku — "skin" (IP)

• Kat. nagu
• Trin. nak
• JS naku

*namki — "to hide"

• Kat. nākizu (II) "to be secret" (*namki-sun)
• Trin. nag
• JS nakki intr.
  • naktaka tr. (*namka-taka)
• Tty. ná
  • k’inak’o "cover" (*tim-kin-nanka-kim)
• Ttl. nok

*nampa — "to hear"

• Pot. nompa
• Kat. nāma
• Trin. nab
• JS nappa

*namti — "vagina", "vulva" (IP)

• Wok. noti
• Kat. nati
• Trin. nad
• Tty. -ná

*nanka — "to be long"

• Pot. naka
• Kat. naka
• Trin. gas (*nanka-ki)
• JS knaki (*nanka-ki)

*nanta — "to hate"

• Pot. nata
• Kat. nata
  • natsira "enemy" (*nanta-dira)
• Trin. nad
• JS natta
  • tnau "knife" (*nanta-da)

*napa — "to decide"

• Kat. tipanaha, tipana "to govern" (*tim-ra-napa)
  • nagi, nāgi (III) "custom" (*napa-kim)
  • nāgiru, nagru (III) "lord" (*napa-kim-rum)
• Trin. nap
• JS nafa
  • pnaroun "chief" (*napa-rum)
  • pnau "shaman" (*napa-da)

*nara — "fire"

• Wok. nara
• Kat. nara
• Trin. nar
• JS nrou (*nara-bu)

*naram — "to burn"

• Wok. naro
• Kat. nara (III)
• Trin. nar
• JS natrəí "to burn (intr.)" (*naram-timi)
  • natraka "burn (tr.)" (*naram-taka)
• Tty. neyávye (*nara-timi-ba)
  • neyávó "kindling wood" (*nara-timi-kim)

*nasim — "to fear"

• Wok. nahe, nashe "to hate"
• Kat. nazi (III) "to shake"
  • nazgu "to frighten" (*nasim-ku)
• Trin. nas
• JS nasoun "to be surprised"

*nata — "tooth" (IP)

• Kat. nada
• Trin. nat
• JS natkiki (*nata-kiki)
  • tnou "jaw" (*nata-bu)

*natin — "flower"

• Pot. nate "harvest sacrifice"
• Kat. nadi (II)
  • Nadzuti "Flower-voice" (*natin-sunti)
• JS natein

Ni

*niban — "to wash"

• Kat. niwa (II)
• Trin. niw, wab
• JS nein "to dye"
  • neikkoun "color" (*niban-kim)
  • niptaka "to wash" (*niban-taka)

*nida — "fat"

• Kat. niza
• Trin. nil
• JS nei

*nidiri — "to be low"

• Kat. niziri, nizwi "to be dirty"
• Trin. nilirs (*nidiri-ki)
• JS niri "be subordinate"
  • niriki "low" (*nidiri-ki)
• Tty. nozyo

*niga — "to shine", "to be bright"

• Pot. nijaha "gold" (*niga-da)
• Kat. nē "to be pure"
  • nēgēnazu "gold" (*niga-ki-ganasu)
• Trin. nê
  • nês "bright" (*niga-ki)
• JS nija "to stand out"
  • njautan "star" (*niga-da-tam)
  • nvakréi "east" (*niga-ki-raga)
  • nitjəí "to brighten" (*niga-timi)

*nikan — "to care"

• Kat. niga (II)
• Trin. nik
• JS nikan "to worry"

*nimkan — "to swim"

• Pot. nenka
• Kat. nika (II)
• JS nikkan

*nimki — "to love"

• Pot. nenki
• Kat. niki "to have sex"
• Trin. nig
  • gis, nigs "kind" (*nimki-ki)
• JS nikki
• Ty. nó

*nimpi — "to be clean"

• Kat. nīmi
• Trin. bis (*nimpi-ki)
• JS pniki (*nimpi-ki)

*nimtam — "daughter" (IP)

• Kat. nita (III)
• Trin. nid, dag
• JS nittan
• Tty. -lŏta, -nta

*nimti — "now", "present time"

• Pot. nenti
• Kat. nitida (*nimti-ta)
  • nitiri "future" (*nimti-ri)
• JS tnəita (*nimti-dita)
• Ttl. joc

*niNtin — "number"

• Kat. niti (II)
• JS tnippu (*niNtin-bu)

*nipi — "to sneeze"

• Kat. nihi, nī, ni
• Trin. nip
• JS nifi
  • nipkasi "sneeze" (*nipi-kasi)

*niri — "to get"

• Kat. niri
• Trin. nir
• JS niri
• Ttl. juekjuelke "twice" (*miki-niri-ki)
  • cualjuelke "thrice" (*pira-niri-ki)

Nu

*nudu — "to look"

• Pot. noho
• Trin. nul
• JS nuvu
  • nutvaka "to attract attention" (*nudu-taka)
  • nusi "therefore" (*nudu?-si)

*numiN — "have sex"

• Wok. nonbe
• JS nəyn

*numna — "to eat"

• Wok. nona, nonda
• Pot. nunna
• Kat. nūna
  • nūnaza "food" (*numna-da)
• JS nunna
  • kəijunna "to starve" (*kimi-numna)
• Ttl. nuon

*numti — "sister" (IP)

• Pot. nunti
• Kat. nuti
• Trin. nud, dig
• JS nutti
• Tty. -lyú, -nyú

*numti — 9

• Pot. nunti
• Kat. nuti
• JS nutti
• Sw. nótš
• Tty. nyú
• Ttl. nuoc

*nupa — "to cook"

• Pot. nopa
• Kat. nuha, nū, na
• Trin. nup
• JS nuptaka (*nupa-taka)
  • pnakoun "cauldron" (*nupa-kim)
  • pnafa "hearth" (*nupa-pa)
• Tty. nufe, nufya

*nuri — "peace"

• Kat. nuri
• Trin. nur

*nurum — "pleasure"

• Kat. nuru (III)
• Trin. nurnur
• JS nuroun
• Tty. nuyu "toy"

*nutudu — "hoe"

• Wok. nəsə̄
• Pot. notoho
• Kat. nuduzu
• Trin. tul
• JS tnuvu

P

Pa

*pabi — "ribbon"

• Kat. hawi "belt"
  • hawimiri "to be thin" (*pabi-miri)
• Trin. paw
• JS pei
• Sw. bowtš

*padi — "finger" (IP)

• Kat. hazi
• Trin. pal
• JS pitan (*padi-tam)
  • pjəy "thumb" (*padi-bu)
• Tty. -fezo, -pezo

*paga — "sky"

• Pot. paɰa
• Kat. hā
• Trin. pâ
• JS. pei

*pagidi — "mussel", "shell"

• Kat. hawī "clam", "bivalve"
  • hawīni "pearl" (*pagidi-pini)
• Trin. pail, pailak
• JS peiji

*pakan — "pain"

• Kat. haga (II)
  • hagati "wound" (*pakan-kanti)
• Trin. pak
• JS pakan "disaster"
• Tty. peko

*paki — "to break"

• Kat. hagi
• Trin. pak, pakiw
• JS paki

*paku — "to change"

• Kat. hagu
• JS pkəytta "transformation" (*paku-ninta)
  • paktəí "to go insane" (*paku-timi)
  • pakutjéi "lunatic" (*paku-timi-da)

*pam — "but"

• Wok. fo
  • pota "as" (*pam-ta)
• Pot. pon
• Kat. ha
• JS paun
• Ttl. po

*pamki — "bow"

• Wok. foki
• Pot. paki
• Kat. haki
• Trin. pag
• JS pakki
• Tty. pá

*pankam — "drum"

• Wok. foko
• Pot. pakon "to dance"
• Kat. haka (III)
• Trin. papag
• JS pkappu (*pankam-bu)

*pansa — "to be safe", "to be steady"

• Kat. hata
• Trin. psas (*pansa-ki)
• JS psaki "normal" (*pansa-ki)

*pansin — "to be strong"

• Pot. pase
• Kat. hati (II)
  • hatikazi "power" (*pansin-kasi)
• Trin. bziz (*pansin-ki)
• JS passein "to win";
• psikki "strong" (*pansin-ki)
• Ttl. pii

*paNta — "body"

• Kat. hata "flesh", "meat"
  • hātugi "shirt" (*paNta-puki)
• JS pteiri "thing" (*paNta-niri)

*paru — "grass"

• Pot. paro
• Kat. haru
• Trin. par
• JS prəu (*para-bu)

*patam — "milk"

• Pot. paton
• Kat. hada (III)
• Trin. pat
• JS patan
• Tty. peta

*pati — "pig"

• Pot. pati
• Kat. hadi
• Tty. pyé

Pi

*pi — "and", "however"

• Wok. fipi (*pi-pi)
• Pot. pi "or"
  • ropi "despite" (*ru?-pi)
• Kat. hi "if/then"
• JS pi

*pibam — "to be grey"

• Kat. hiwa (III) "to be gloomy"
• Trin. pwaz (*pibam-ki)
• JS peikki (*pibam-ki)

*pida — "middle"

• Kat. hiza
• Trin. pil
• JS peitan (*pida-tam)
  • pjou "main part" (*pida-bu)

*pigi — 5

• Pot. piji
• Kat. hī
• Trin. pî
• JS piji
• Sw. boy
• Tty. poho
• Ttl. cui

*piki — "bread"

• Pot. piki
• Kat. higi
  • higōzu, higīzu "oven" (II) (*piki-gudun)
• Trin. pik
  • pikit "to bake" (*piki-gitin?)

*pimaru — "turtle"

• Pot. pimaro
• Kat. himaru
• JS peiru

*pimka — "brother" (IP)

• Pot. penka
• Kat. hika
• Trin. pig, gak
• JS pikka
  • pkata "twin" (*pimka-ta)
  • tapkóu "enemy" (*tam-pimka-bu?)
• Tty. -foke, -k’e

*pin — "with"

• Kat. hi
• JS pin
• Tty. fi
• Ttl. cui

*piNkin — "flour"

• Wok. feke
• Kat. hiki (II)
• Trin. pipig

*piNti — "hair"

• Kat. hiti
• Trin. pid

*piNtu — "to hang"

• Kat. hitu
• Trin. pid
• JS pittu

*pipidi — "to join"

• Kat. hizi, hīzi "to build"
• Trin. pil "to stick"
• JS pfiji "to adhere"

*pira — 3

• Pot. pira
• Kat. hira
• Trin. pir
• JS pira
• Sw. boyra
• Tty. pye
• Ttl. cual
  • cualjuelke "thrice" (*pira-niri-ki)

*piran — "bird"

• Kat. hira (II)
• Trin. pir
• JS prakkein (*piran-kin)

*pirata — "to be mixed"

• Kat. hirada
• Trin. pirts (*pirata-ki)

*piri — "to think"

• Pot. pil
• Kat. hiri
• Trin. pir
• JS prəi (*piri-rini)

*pisan — "path"

• Kat. hizānu (II) "story", "destiny" (*pisan-bu)
• Trin. pis
• JS psattan (*pisan-tam)

Pu

*pudu — "to blow", "to breathe"

• Kat. huzu
• Trin. pul
• JS puvu

*puga — "hand" (IP)

• Pot. poɰa
• Kat. hō
• Trin. pû
• JS pjata (*puga-ta)
• Tty. -puhe

*puki — "cloth"

• Pot. poki
• Kat. hugi
  • kāzugi, ksīgi "trousers" (*kasi-puki)
  • hugīni "loom" (*puki-pini)
  • hātugi "shirt" (*paNta-puki)
• Trin. puk
• JS puki
  • pkəy "clothing" (*puki-bu)

*pun — "spirit"

• Kat. hu (II)
  • hukawi "spirit world" (*pun-kabi)
  • hutagu "god" (*pun-taku)
• JS pun

*puna — "to be brown"

• Kat. huna
• Trin. pnas (*puna-ki)
• JS pouki "brown" (*puna-ki)
  • pouktəí "to rot" (*puna-ki-timi)

*puNta — "to marry"

• Kat. huta
• Trin. pud
• JS putta
  • ptafa "wedding" (*puNta-pa)

*punu — "table"

• Pot. pono
• Kat. hunu
• Trin. pun
• JS pəu "flat surface"
  • sanipəu "rice paddy" (*sanin-punu)

*pusun — "leaf"

• Kat. huzu (II)
• Trin. pus
• JS pusein
  • psummu "vegetation" (*pusun-mu)

*putam — "hill"

• Wok. hoto "village"
• Pot. poton
• Kat. huda (III)
  • hudapā "slope" (*putam-saga)
• JS putan
• Tty. puta "village"

R

Ra

*ra — "for"

• Wok. -Ṽdira (*V-ni-ra)
• Pot. -ra
• Kat. ra
• Trin. -ra
• JS ra
• Tty. ye
• Ttl. -lue

*raban — "basket"

• Kat. rawa (II)
• Trin. raw, wag
• JS raun

*radim — "to open"

• Pot. rahe
• Kat. razi (III)
• Trin. ral
• JS rajoun tr., rissein intr. (*radim-sun)

*radun — "wasp"

• Kat. razu (II)
• Trin. ral
• Tty. yezyu

*raga — "side"

• Kat. rā
• Trin. râ
• JS rjata (*raga-ta)
  • kupséi "west" (*kupun-raga)
  • nvakréi "east" (*niga-ki-raga)

*ragibun — "scorpion"

• Kat. rēwu (II)
• Trin. rau, raunak
• JS rjəyn "mythical beast"

*raka — "to be closed"

• Kat. raga
  • ragagu "to close" (*raka-ku)
  • ragani "to end" (*raka-ni?)
• Trin. rak
• JS raka
  • krei "to close" (*raka-ni?)
• Sw. rdže-

*ram — "what"

• Pot. ra
• Kat. ra
  • rāmi "how" (*ram-mi)
• Trin. ran, rag
• JS rakkoun "why" (*ram-kim)
• Tty. ya
• Ttl. luo

*rampan — "bridge"

• Kat. rāma (II)
• Trin. rab
• JS rappan
• Tty. yapyo
• Ttl. luopi

*ramsa — "woman"

• Pot. ransa
• Kat. rapa
• Trin. raz
• Tty. yase
• Ttl. luos

*ramtam — "storm", "hurricane"

• Wok. roto
• Pot. ronton "late summer"
• Kat. rata (III)
• Trin. rarad
• JS trappu (*ramtam-bu)

*raNki — "tribe"

• Kat. rakiwu "nation" (*raNki-bu)
  • Katapaki "Katapaki nation" (*kantam-raNki)
• Trin. rag
• JS. rakki
  • krəy "nation" (*raNki-bu)

*raNta — "leather"

• Kat. rata
• Trin. rad

*rapam — "to meet"

• Pot. raponta "near" (*rapam-ta)
• Kat. raha, ra (III)
• Trin. rap
• JS rapsəí (*rapam-rini)
  • prattaka "to combine" (*rapam-taka)
  • rapmiri "to connect" (*rapam-miri)
• Tty. yefape (*rapam-ba)

*rapi — "autumn"

• Pot. rapi
• Kat. rahi
• Trin. rap
• JS rafi
• Tty. yefo

*rasa — "horn of an animal" (IP)

• Kat. razada, razda "pair of horns" (*rasa-ta)
• Trin. ras
• JS rasa
• Tty. -yese, -sese

*ratan — "to move"

• Pot. rata
• Kat. rada (II)
  • rādiri "to return" (*ratan-riri)
• Trin. rat

Ri

*riban — "to be angry"

• Pot. reβa
• Kat. riwa (II) "to be bad"
• JS reikki (*riban-ki)

*ribi — "year"

• Kat. riwi
• Trin. riw
• JS rəi

*rida — "powder", "dust"

• Kat. riza
• Trin. ril
• JS rei

*ridin — "to be smooth"

• Kat. rizi (II)
• JS rikki (*ridin-ki)

*rika — "to learn"

• Kat. riga
  • rigini "to teach" (*rika-ni?)
• Trin. rik
• JS krəi (*rika-ni?)

*rimpa — "to meet", "to fulfill"

• Kat. rīma
• Trin. rib

*rimpun — "lion"

• Pot. renpu
• Kat. rīmu
• Trin. rib, big
• JS rippein

*rimni — "to laugh"

• Kat. rīni
  • Rīnidī "Laughing" (*rimni-tipi)
• Trin. rin
• JS rinni
• Tty. yon
  • cuveyon’ "ridiculous feature" (*tim-ruma-rimni-kim)

*rinu — "to be free"

• Kat. rinu
• Trin. nus (*rinu-ki)
• JS rəyku "to release" (*rinu-ku)

*ripa — "meat"

• Kat. riha, rī, ra "strength"
• Trin. rip
• JS rifa

*ripini — "to be secret"

• Kat. rīnizi (II) "spy" (*ripini-sudim)
• Trin. ripnis (*ripini-ki)
• JS prəiki (*ripini-ki)

*rirun — "arrow"

• Wok. riro
• Kat. riru (II)
• Trin. ririr
• JS rirein
• Tty. yoyu

*riti — "to be fast"

• Kat. ridi
• Trin. tis (*riti-ki)
• JS riti "to run"
  • triki "fast" (*riti-ki)

Ru

*ru — "on"

• Kat. ru
• Trin. -ru
• JS ru
• Tty. yu
• Ttl. -ve

*ruba — "ball"

• Kat. ruwa
• Trin. ruw
• JS rou "bundle"
  • roukein "lump" (*ruba-kin)
  • rouvákki "radish" (*ruba-mamki)

*rudi — "to appear", "to be new"

• Kat. ruzi
• Trin. lis "new" (*rudi-ki)
• JS ruji
  • vriki "new" (*rudi-ki)

*rugun — "sign"

• Kat. rū (II)
  • Tiharū "Horse-omen" (*tipan-rugun)
• Trin. rûn
• JS rujein "picture"
  • rumiri "to signify" (*rugun-miri)

*rukun — "hook"

• Kat. rugu
• Trin. ruk
• JS rukein
  • kruppu "elbow" (*rukun-bu)

*rum — "man"

• Wok. rosoka "crowd" (*rum-tuNka)
• Pot. run
• Kat. ru (III)
  • nāgiru, nagru (III) "chief" (*napa-kim-rum)
• Trin. rum
• JS run
• Ttl. vo

*ruma — "onto"

• Kat. ruma
• Trin. -run
• Tty. yuve
• Ttl. -vem

*rumpa — "bee"

• Kat. rūma
• Trin. rub
• JS ruppa
  • prafa "beehive" (*rumpa-pa)

*runi — "tail" (IP)

• Kat. runi
• Trin. run
• JS rəy
• Tty. -yul, -sul

*runtu — "fog", "mist"

• Kat. rutu
• Trin. rud
• JS ruttu

*rupi — "to smoke", "to burn"

• Kat. ruhi, rū, ri "to be angry"
• Trin. rup
• JS rufi

*ruri — "off"

• Kat. ruri
• Trin. -rur
• Tty. yuy
• Ttl. -vel

S

Sa

*sadin — "to feel"

• Kat. sazi (II)
• Trin. sal, lib
• JS sajein

*saga — "head" (IP)

• Kat. sā
• Trin. sâ
• JS sei

*sagina — "to be different"

• Kat. sēna
• Trin. sainas (*sagina-ki)
• JS sjei
  • sjeiki "different"

*saku — "rat"

• Pot. sako
• Kat. sagu
• Trin. sak
• JS saku

*samsa — "eagle"

• Kat. sapa, spa
• Trin. saz
• JS sassa

*sanin — "rice"

• Wok. shane
• Kat. sani (II)
• Trin. san
• JS sani
  • sanipəu "rice paddy" (*sanin-punu)

*saNkana — "edge"

• Kat. skana, sakana
• Trin. zgan
• JS skau

*sanpa — "steam"

• Kat. sāna
• Trin. sab
• JS sappa

*santi — "to say"

• Pot. sati
• Kat. sati, sti
  • hitati "to agree with" (*pin-santi)
• Trin. sad
• Ttl. sic

*sapi — "to end"

• Kat. sārini, sirini "to perish" (*sapi-rini)
• Trin. sap
• JS spifa "end" (*sapi-pa)
  • sapkasi "end" (*sapi-kasi)

*satun — "to cover"

• Kat. saduki (III) "blanket" (*satun-kim)
  • satini (II) "to hide" (*satun?-rini)
• JS stukkoun "blanket" (*satun-kim)

Si

*si — "this"

• Pot. si
• Kat. si
  • simi "like this" (*si-mi)
• Trin. si
• JS si
  • səikoun "like this" (*si-ni-kim)
  • nusi "therefore" (*nudu?-si)
• Tty. sŏ
• Ttl. e
  • al "this place" (*si-ra?)
  • aj "thus" (*si-mi)

*siba — "worm"

• Kat. siwa
• Trin. siw
• JS seitan (*siba-tam)

*sidam — "family"

• Pot. sihon
• Kat. siza (III)
• Trin. sil, lag
• JS sein
• Tty. sozat’u "relative" (*sidam-timtu)

*sigi — "to sleep"

• Kat. sī
• Trin. sî

*sikinmi — "flea"

• Kat. skīni, sikīni
• Trin. skim
• JS siknəý
• Tty. sóno

*sikun — "to sew"

• Kat. sigu (II) "to stitch"
• Trin. sik, skub
• JS sikein
  • skuppa "stitch" (*sikun-pa)

*sima — 6

• Pot. sima
• Kat. sima
• Trin. sim
• JS sei
• Sw. že
• Tty. sve
• Ttl. em

*simka — "winter"

• Pot. senka
• Kat. sika
• Trin. sig, zgak

*simni — "shrimp"

• Kat. sīni
• Tty. sno

*simsimma — "mole"

• Kat. spīma, sipīma
• Trin. zim
• JS tsimma
  • kjeitsimma "hedgehog" (*?-simsimma)

*simu — "to climb"

• Wok. shimu, henbu
• Kat. simu

*siNki — "snow"

• Kat. siki
• Trin. sisig
• JS sikki

*sinna — "breast" (IP)

• Wok. hendata (*sinna-ta)
• Kat. sīnada "two breasts" (*sinna-ta)
• JS snata (*sinna-ta)
• Tty. -sine

*sinni — "to see"

• Pot. seni
• Kat. sīni
• JS sinni "to think", "to remember"
• Tty. sin, sinye
  • tomsin’ "mirror" (*tim-mi-sinni-kim)
• Ttl. ij

*sinta — "to be happy"

• Pot. seta
• Kat. sita, sta
• Trin. zdas (*sinta-ki)
• JS sitta "to succeed"
  • staki "effective" (*sinta-ki)

*sinun — "louse"

• Pot. sinu
• Kat. sinu (II)
• Trin. sinin
• JS səymmu (*sinun-mu)
• Tty. slyu

*sipa — "name" (IP)

• Kat. siha
• JS sifa
  • spaviki "famous" (*sipa-dudi-ki)
• Sw. zbawuye "to be famous" (*sipa-dudi)
• Tty. sofe

*sipin — "to fly"

• Pot. sipe
• Kat. sihi (II)
• Trin. sisip
• JS sifein
  • sipkasi "journey" (*sipin-kasi)

*sira — "snake"

• Kat. sira
• Trin. sisir
• JS srou (*sira-bu)

*siri — "to be sweet"

• Kat. siri "to be kind"
• Trin. sris (*siri-ki)
• JS sriki (*siri-ki)

*sita — "to taste"

• Kat. sita
• Trin. sitit
• JS sita
  • nvaksita "to taste good" (*nagan-ki-sita)
  • tsuksita "to taste bad" (*tutu-ki-sita)
• Tty. sotya (*sita-ba)

*siti — "to be sour"

• Kat. sidi
• Trin. stis (*siti-ki)

*situm — "knot"

• Kat. sidu, stu (III)
• Trin. sit
• JS sitoun

*situn — "to tie"

• Kat. sidu, stu (II)
• Trin. sit
• JS sitein

Su

*subun — "shore", "river bank"

• Wok. shū
• Pot. soβu
• Kat. suwu, swu (II)
• Trin. suw
• JS səun

*sudin — "to give"

• Wok. shū, hude
• Pot. sohe
• Kat. suzi, si (II)
  • suksuzi, sukāzi "to conduct rituals" (*sumka-sudin)
• Kat. rīnizi (II) "spy" (*ripini-sudim)
• Trin. sul, slib
• JS sujein

*sugi — "to be short"

• Pot. soɰi
• Kat. sū, sē
• JS siki (*sugi-ki)

*sugun — "shame"

• Kat. sū (II)
• Trin. sûn

*suku — "to fall"

• Kat sugu, sku
• Trin. suk, skuw
• JS suku
• Tty. suko (*suku-ba)
• Ttl. sua

*sumin — "spring" (season)

• Pot. some "flower"
• Kat. sumi (II)
• Trin. sum, smig
• JS səyn

*sumpu — "island"

• Kat. sūmu "dry land"
• Trin. sub
  • Zbur, Zubrik "Trinesian islands" (*sumpu-ri)
• JS spukein (*sumpu-kin)
• Tty. supo

*sumka — "power"

• Pot. sunka
• Kat. suka
  • suksuzi, sukāzi "to conduct rituals" (*sumka-sudin)
• Trin. sug
• JS sukka
  • skou "magic" (*sumka-bu)

*sunki — "fish"

• Pot. suki "disgusting"
• Kat. suki, ski
• Trin. susuk
• JS sukki

*sunti — "voice" (IP)

• Pot. suti
• Kat. suti, sti
  • sutiduka "language" (*sunti-tuNka)
  • Kataputi "Kataputi language" (*kantam-sunti)
  • Nadzuti "Flower-voice" (*natin-sunti)
• Trin. sud
• JS stəy (*sunti-bu)
• Tty. -syú

*sura — "mouth" (IP)

• Kat. sura, swa
• Trin. sur
• JS sura
  • srata "ears" (*sura?-ta)
• Tty. -suye

*surin — "brush"

• Kat. suri, swi (II)
• Trin. susur
• JS surein "reed"

*suru — "time"

• Pot. sol
• Kat. suru
• Trin. surur
• JS suru
• Sw. zwor, zo'ror
• Tty. suy

*susina — "cow", "cattle"

• Pot. sosina
• Kat. sina, susina
• Trin. sin, sunak
• JS tsei

T

Ta

*ta — "at"

• Pot. -ta
• Kat. ta
• Trin. -ta
• JS ta
• Tty. te
• Ttl. -te

*taba — "bag"

• Kat. tawa
  • tētawa "winnowing fan" (*tigan-taba)
• Trin. taw
• JS tveiri "to hold" (*taba-miri)
  • tveiréi "bag" (*taba-miri-da)

*tabibi — "fish eggs"

• Kat. twiwi, tōwi
• JS teijəý (*tabibi-mu)

*tada — "father" (IP)

• Pot. taha, tata
• Kat. taza
• JS tau
  • tauta "parents" (*tada-ta)
• Tty. -teze
• Ttl. tde

*tagan — "wall"

• Kat. tā (II)
  • tānu "fortification" (*tagan-bu)
• Trin. tân
• JS tein
• Tty. teho

*tagi — "face" (IP)

• Kat. tē
• Trin. tai, tik
• JS taji "front"
• Tty. -teho

*takan — "knife"

• Pot. taka
• Kat. taga (II)
• Trin. tak, tkag
• JS takan
• Tty. teko
• Ttl. tei

*taku — "to be narrow"

• Pot. tako
• Kat. tagu
• Trin. tkus (*taku-ki)

*tam — "not"

• Wok. so
• Pot. ton
• Kat. ta
• JS taun

*tama — "to"

• Pot. βatama (*ba?-tama)
• Kat. tama
• Trin. -tan
• JS tau
• Tty. teve
• Ttl. -tem

*tama — "to be deep"

• Kat. tama
• Trin. tmas (*tama-ki)
• JS tauki (*tama-ki)

*tampa — "hammer"

• Kat. tāma
• Trin. tab, dbak
• JS tappa "hand"
  • tpakoun "hammer" (*tampa-kim)

*tamta — "to put"

• Pot. tonta
• Kat. tata
• Trin. tad, daw
• JS tatta

*tamu — "past"

• Pot. tamo
• Kat. tamu
• Trin. tam
• Ttl. taṅ-, -tṅue

*tansa — "to be warm"

• Kat. tata
• Trin. dzas (*tansa-ki)
• JS tsaki (*tansa-ki)

*taNtu — "to be cruel"

• Kat. tatu "to torture"
• Trin. dudus (*taNtu-ki)
• JS tattu

*tapa — "to be flat"

• Pot. tapapa "field" (*tapa-pa)
• Kat. taha, tā, ta
• Trin. tpas (*tapa-ki)
• JS tpaki (*tapa-ki)
  • tpafa "plains" (*tapa-pa)

*tapam — "to step"

• Kat. taha, ta (III) "to walk"
• JS tap
  • tapnitta "footprint" (*tapam-ninta)

*tara — "enemy"

• Trin. tar
• JS tara "problem"

*tari — "from"

• Pot. βatari (*ba?-tari)
• Kat. tari
• Trin. -tar
• Tty. tey
• Ttl. -tel

*tatu — 7

• Pot. tato
• Kat. tadu
• Trin. tat
• JS tatu
• Sw. dol
• Tty. tetu
• Ttl. tat

Ti

*ti — 1st person exclusive

• Wok. shishi
• Pot. ti
• Kat. ti
• Trin. ti
• JS ti
• Sw. dže
• Tty. toha (*ti-gam)
• Ttl. cal (*ti-ra?)

*tigan — "to shake"

• Wok. shiwo, tigo
• Kat. tē (II) "to sort"
  • tētawa "winnowing fan" (*tigan-taba)
  • tēku "to shock" (*tigan-ku)
• Trin. tên
• JS tijan
  • tvaksəý "earthquake" (*tigan-ka[ks]i-bu)

*tigi — "wing" (IP)

• Kat. tīda "two wings" (*tigi-ta)
• Trin. tî
• JS tita (*tigi-ta)
• Tty. -’oho, -ího
  • -’ohvá, -íhvá "shoulderblade" (*tigi-maNki)

*tika — "stick"

• Kat. tiga
  • kūdiga "spear" (*kupu-tika)
• Trin. tik
• JS tika
  • tkari "tripod" (*tika-ri)

*tiki — 100

• Pot. tiki
• Kat. tigi 100
  • tigiwu 1000 (*tiki-bu)
• Trin. tis
• JS tiki
• Tty. kezyekˀo (*kada-tiki)
• Ttl. cek

*tikidi — "to be sharp"

• Kat. tigizi, tigzi
  • tigzigi, tigizgi (III) "sword" (*tikidi-kim)
• Trin. tiklis (*tikidi-ki)

*tikun — "frog"

• Kat. tigu (II)
• JS tikein

*timka — "bug"

• Pot. tenka
• Kat. tika
• Trin. tig
• JS tikka

*timpa — "music"

• Kat. tīma
• Trin. tib
• JS tippa

*timpama — "left side"

• Kat. tama, tīma
• Trin. tpam
• JS tpau

*timtu — "person"

• Wok. shetə
• Pot. Tento
• Kat. titu "citizen"
  • tituniri "social rank" (*timtu-niri)
• Trin. tid, duk
• JS. tsuta "couple" (*timtu-ta)
  • tsuri "three people" (*timtu-ri)
• Tty. sozat’u "relative" (*sidam-timtu)

*timun — "tick (bug)"

• Kat. timu (II)
• Trin. tim
• JS təykkein "flea" (*timun-kin)

*tinadam — "spider"

• KAt. tinaza (III)
• Trin. tnal
• JS tjaun

*tinmi — "to join"

• Kat. tīmi "to fix"
• Trin. tin
• Tty. tim
  • tomtim’ "rowlock" (*tim-mi-tinmi-kim)

*tinpan — "excrement"

• Wok. shepo
• Kat. tīna (II)

*tinsi — "to be awake"

• Kat. titi
• Trin. dzis (*tinsi-ki)
• JS tissi
  • tistəí "to wake up" (*tinsi-timi)

*tipan — "horse"

• Pot. tpaha (*tipa-da)
• Kat. tiha (II)
  • Tiharū "Horse-omen" (*tipan-rugun)
• Trin. tip, tpag

*tipi — "star", "point"

• Pot. tipi "god"
• Kat. tīwu (*tipi-bu)
  • tīmiri, timiri "be important"
  • Rīnidī "Laughing" (*rimni-tipi)
• Trin. titip
  • tipnas "iron" (*tipi-ganasu)
• JS tifi
• Tty. fo
• Ttl. cac

*tipin — "mouse"

• Pot. tipe
• Kat. tihi, tī, ti (II)
• JS tpikkein (*tipin-kin)
• Tty. fi

*tiraki — "to be quiet"

• Kat. tragi, tiragi
• Trin. tirkis (*tiraki-ki)

*tiri — "to pull"

• Kat. tiri, tri
• Trin. tir

*tirun — "needle"

• Kat. tiru, tru (II)
• JS tirein

*tisan — "knee" (IP)

• Kat. tsata, tizda "two knees" (*tisan-ta)
• Trin. tis, tsag
• JS tisan
• Tty. -’oso, -ico

*tisu — "roof"

• Wok. shihə
• Kat. tizu
• Trin. titis
• JS tisu
• Sw. džez

*titaru — "crawfish"

• Kat. tidaru, tidru
• JS tsaru

Tu

*tuban — "egg"

• Pot. toβa
• Kat. tuwa, twa
• Trin. tuw, twag
• JS toun

*tubiNta — "testicle" (IP)

• Wok. tubeta
• Kat. twita, tuwita
• JS təytta

*tubira — "swallow"

• Pot. toβira "bird"
• Kat. twira, tuwira
• Trin. twir, twirak
• JS təyra

*tuda — "cloud"

• Kat. tuza, tsa
• Trin. tul
• JS tou
  • tvou "bad weather" (*tuda-bu)

*tudun — "mosquito"

• Kat. tuzu, tsu (II)
  • tuzduka "swarm" (*tudun-tuNka)
• JS tuvein

*tuganta — "to be dark"

• Pot. toɰata
• Kat. tōta
• Trin. tôdas
• JS tutjaki "dark" (*tuganta-ki)
  • tutjəí "to grow dark" (*tuganta-timi)

*tugi — "dog"

• Pot. toɰi
• Kat. tū
  • tūda (III) "puppy" (*tugi-tam)
• Trin. tû
• JS tuji
• Tty. tuho
• Ttl. tui

*tugun — "nose" (IP)

• Pot. toɰu
• Kat. tū (II)
• Trin. tûn
• JS tujein
• Tty. -tuhyu

*tuku — "topic"

• Kat. tugu
• Trin. tuk
• JS tuk
  • tkəu "discussion" (*tuku-bu)
  • tkufa "meeting" (*tuku-pa_

*tukugu — "to be true"

• Pot. tokoɰo
• Kat. tugû
• Trin. tukus (*tukugu-ki)
• JS tkuvu

*tum — "to be dead"

• Pot. tunha "ancestor" (*tum-da)
• Kat. tu (III)
  • tutawu "ancestor" (*tum-da-bu)
• Trin. tuz
• JS tukki "dead" (*tum-ki)
  • tuttəí "to die" (*tum-timi)

*tum — 3rd person feminine

• Wok. soso
• Pot. tun
• Kat. tu
• Trin. tum
• JS tun
• Sw. dò
• Tty. tuka (*tum-gam)
• Ttl. tuos (*tum-ra?)

*tumpa — "nut"

• Kat. tūma
• Trin. tub
• JS tpatan (*tumpa-tam)

*tuNka — "pot"

• Kat. tuka
  • tukōzu "kiln" (*tuNka-gudun)
• Trin. tug

*tunti — "to use"

• Pot. tuti
• Kat. tuti
• Trin. tud
• JS tutti
  • tutrəí "to perform poorly" (*tunri-rini)
• Tty. tyutye (*tunti-ba)
• Ttl. tuic

*tupa — "hat"

• Kat. tuha
• Trin. tup
• JS tufa

*tupi — "soul" (IP)

• Kat. tuhi, tū, ti "person"
• Trin. tutup
• JS tufi
• Tty. -tufo

*tutu — "to be bad"

• Pot. toto
• Kat. tudu "to be ill"
• Trin. tus (*tutu-ki)
• JS tsuki (*tutu-ki)
  • tsukmajein "to smell bad" (*tutu-ki-magin)
  • tsuksita "to taste bad" (*tutu-ki-sita)

*tutu — "tree trunk"

• Kat. tudu "body", "torso"
• Trin. tut
• JS tutu
  • tsukein "tree stem" (*tutu-kin)
• Tty. tuto

Unknown formants

Wokatasuto

• -doki "hair"
• aku "only"
• heshire, hehire "to fear"
• ufu "small settlement"

Potonsuti

• pihi "flat"
• mal "few"
• poso "several"
• taso "to listen"
• mire "clean"
• kâsa "to admire"
• kuno "to shun"
• sopipa "spirit world"
• tal "therefore"
• mapâ "alcohol"
• ba-, ho- (elements of adpositions)
• hukosa "to abandon"
• kijâ "but"
• niti "to save"
• sopani "captors"
• talta "surprisingly"
• teku (?)

Kataputi

• hizi "to starve"
• hitu "to bake"
• wō "or"
• higada "city"
• hakrita "commerce"
• Hawuhū "Anatolionesians"
• Hazāka "Hazāka plains"
• titi "cake"
• nō (II) "to be full"
• kātagi "leech"
• Kukōha "Kukōha inlet in Tagimī
• Tagimī "Tagimī Great Bay"
• tatuzi "to cut"

Trinesian

• rûk "frog"
• kid "ear"
• sisik "to starve"
• kuguk "to imprison"

Jouki Stəy

• đtəy "hair"
• kjei "spine", "quill"
• mjəiri "tingle", "itch"
• tsəy "feast"
• nukvissi "roof opening", "chimney"
• jikka "to reciprocate"
• mjəy "apparently"
• miji "maybe"
• pifein "to tell"
• pummu "to spare one's life"
• Jouki "Jouki nation"
• Prousoun "Prousoun island"
• Təisi "Təisi capital"

Tetey

• ute "person"

Internal loanwords

Wokatasuto

Wohata "Wohata coast"

• Kat. Wēhata

Potonsuti

Tento "Tento people"

• Kat. Tētu

Kataputi

higada "city"

• JS jikađa
  • kjatta "village"

nākiru "chief"

• JS naukiru "mayor"

tukōzu "kiln"

• JS tkousu "oven"

Jouki Stəy

Jouki "Jouki nation"

• Kat. Gōki

External loanwords

These words were probably not a part of the Proto-Dumic vocabulary and were introduced later.

Macro-Anatolionesian

cwocwo "shoal of fish"

• JS kvouku

hmahma "dune"

• Kat. mimi

kakant "windstorm"

• Kat. kigita "hurricane"

kañshra "iron"

• Kat. kēnasa
• JS keinasa

khwa "river"

• JS Ku "Ku river"

kniŋ "silver"

• Kat. haki (II)
• JS jaki

kret "to fish"

• Wok. kokirete "fishing season"
  • kokirefono "fisherboat"

ksas sim "grass island"

• Kat. Kōsima "Kyosshin island"

ktam "head"

• JS kutan "forehead"

nwa "rope"

• Kat. wuna

ñok "peninsula", "cape"

• Kat. nuka "shore"

paryun "sailor"

• Kat. piru (II)

puhk "storm", "rough seas"

• Kat. pōka
• JS pukka

pyun "boat"

• Wok. kokirefono "fisherboat"

pyupyun "flotilla"

• Wok. pufono "fisherman"
• Kat. pupuna "fleet"

sam "shark"

• Kat. si (III)

sim "island"

• JS sin "small island"

sisim "archipelago"

• Kat. sisi (III)
  • sizgigi "island" (*-kiki)

tahp "noble", "precious"

• Kat. tēputa "nobility"

tatak "mountain range"

• Kat. Tidika "Tidika mountains"

tko "octopus"

• Kat. haku

tmats "otter"

• JS tmauta

twuk "winter"

• JS təuka

wath "coast", "beach"

• Kat. wita
• JS jatta

wan "strait"

• Kat. wi (II) "channel"

woh sim "big island"

• Kat. Wōsima "Ōshin island"