Proto-Coastal-Western/Lexicon
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PCW | IPA | PoS | gloss | etymon | etymon gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dziʔga | /ʣiʔɡa/ | adv | continuously, repetitively | *kiʔka | continuously |
mìňa | /mìɲa/ | adv | the day before yesterday | *miña | |
mu | /mu/ | adv | completely | *mu | |
nadze | /naʣe/ | adv | rarely | *nadže | |
ňaje | /ɲaje/ | adv | frequently | *ñaye | |
sèhtì | /sèhtì/ | adv | surprisingly | *sałtĩ | |
suʔxa | /suʔxa/ | adv | tomorrow | *sudła | |
tłàʔlà | /tɬàʔɫà/ | adv | repeatedly | *tłãtłã | |
tshi | /ʦʰi/ | adv | yesterday | *cʰuy | |
woki | /woki/ | adv | the day after tomorrow | *watya | |
zedzotsu | /zeʣoʦu/ | adv | quickly | *γedže-cu | run + adverbialiser |
ʔeľ | /ʔeʎ/ | cj | because | *ʔel | |
ge | /ɡe/ | cj | but | *kʷe | |
jege | /jeɡe/ | cj | but not | *yekʷe | |
jesu | /jesu/ | cj | nor | *yesaw | |
jetsa | /jeʦa/ | cj | and not | *yeca | |
su | /su/ | cj | or | *saw | |
tsa | /ʦa/ | cj | and | *ca | |
tsatsa | /ʦaʦa/ | cj | moreover | *caca | |
neğlàgłàma- | /neɣɫàɡɬàma/ | n coll a | mushrooms | (neğla-głàma) | white-berries |
wopha- | /wopʰa/ | n coll a | beans | *wapʰa | |
ğaʔle- | /ɣaʔɫe/ | n coll i | salt | *γaʔle | |
głàma- | /ɡɬàma/ | n coll i | berries | *kłama | |
ğulzi- | /ɣuɫzi/ | n coll i | millet | *γulši | |
tiza- | /tiza/ | n coll i | hair | *tyaša | |
tshehga- | /ʦʰehɡa/ | n coll i | sand | *kʰełka | stone |
tsheja- | /ʦʰeja/ | n coll i | soil | *kʰeya | |
tshejegi- | /ʦʰejeɡi/ | n coll i | worthless items, inedible material | *kʰeyakʷi | sand |
ʔàzè- | /ʔàzè/ | n ip a | wife | *ʔaše | |
ʔiľsa- | /ʔiʎsa/ | n ip a | hand | *ʔilsa | |
bľùxa- | /bʎùxa/ | n ip a | meat, flesh, edible organs | *blũła | belly |
dzaldàjòʔuʔiľsa- | /ʣaɫdàjòʔuʔiʎsa/ | n ip a | wing | *dzaldayãʔu ʔilsa | |
dzùʔli- | /ʣùʔɫi/ | n ip a | breast | *džũbłi | |
ğeľzi- | /ɣeʎzi/ | n ip a | neck | *γalši | |
gluwo- | /ɡɫuwo/ | n ip a | leg | *kluwa | |
gòdu- | /ɡòdu/ | n ip a | head | *kʷẽdu | |
gogu- | /ɡoɡu/ | n ip a | tail | *kʷadu | |
ľa- | /ʎa/ | n ip a | husband | *la | |
ľahga- | /ʎahɡa/ | n ip a | ear | *lałka | |
ľòxu- | /ʎòxu/ | n ip a | back | *lãsu | |
miłi- | /miɬi/ | n ip a | tongue | *mełi | |
mìna- | /mìna/ | n ip a | mother | *mina | |
nòğu- | /nòɣu/ | n ip a | foot | *nãγu | |
thùňàʔà- | /tʰùɲàʔà/ | n ip a | uncle, brother, eldest son of the head of the family | *tʰunyaʔã | |
thùŋà- | /tʰùŋà/ | n ip a | head of the family, father | *tʰunã | |
tshulpu- | /ʦʰuɫpu/ | n ip a | arm | *čʰilpu | |
ʔujadzała- | /ʔujaʣaɬa/ | n ip i | wound, injury | *ʔuyadza-ła | cause pain + nominaliser |
ʔùka- | /ʔùka/ | n ip i | tooth | *ʔũta | |
dzijeła- | /ʣijeɬa/ | n ip i | want, wish, desire | *čiye-ła | want + nominaliser |
dzìňa- | /ʣìɲa/ | n ip i | fingernail | *džiña | |
jòbu- | /jòbu/ | n ip i | mouth | *yabu | |
łağa- | /ɬaɣa/ | n ip i | eye | *łaγa | |
łàğa- | /ɬàɣa/ | n ip i | soul | *łãγa | |
ľàňała- | /ʎàɲaɬa/ | n ip i | crack, scratch | *laña-ła | scratch + nominaliser |
màdzà- | /màʣà/ | n ip i | nose | *mãdzã | |
thùdzù- | /tʰùʣù/ | n ip i | knee | *tʰawdzũ | |
zuwo- | /zuwo/ | n ip i | guts | *šuwa | |
ʔàzè- | /ʔàzè/ | n a | woman | *ʔašẽ | |
bèdzànoʔxuwogaja- | /bèʣànoʔxuwoɡaja/ | n a | relative | *bẽdza-na-tłuwa-daya | lit. “one who carries my blood” |
dłeʔga- | /dɬeʔɡa/ | n a | tribe | *dłeʔka | |
dzaldàjà- | /ʣaɫdàjà/ | n a | bird | *dzaldayã | |
dzehdza- | /ʣehʣa/ | n a | heart | *čełdza | |
dziphe- | /ʣipʰe/ | n a | water | *kyupʰe | |
dzuphugoju- | /ʣupʰuɡoju/ | n a | fisherman | *dzupʰu-dayu | gather + nominaliser |
geľa- | /ɡeʎa/ | n a | child | *kʷela | |
głàdze- | /ɡɬàʣe/ | n a | skin | *kłãke | |
głèʔhà- | /ɡɬèʔhà/ | n a | game animal | *kłepʰã | wild animal, game |
ğogugu- | /ɣoɡuɡu/ | n a | eagle | *γʷekudu | |
ğohbu- | /ɣohbu/ | n a | prostitute | *γʷełbu | slave |
ğudzi- | /ɣuʣi/ | n a | fish | *γuči | |
ğùga- | /ɣùɡa/ | n a | pig | *γũka | |
ğùgogu- | /ɣùɡoɡu/ | n a | rich person (honorific) | *γũka-du | lit. “great pig” |
guxu- | /ɡuxu/ | n a | wolf | *kʷułu | |
jàmajaʔa- | /jàmajaʔa/ | n a | human | *yamayaʔa | |
jàsa- | /jàsa/ | n a | food | *yãsa | meat |
jathadaja- | /jatʰadaja/ | n a | slave | *yatʰa-daya | garden + nominaliser |
jolu- | /joɫu/ | n a | other | *yelu- | |
ľa- | /ʎa/ | n a | man | *la | |
łàğlawo- | /ɬàɣɫawo/ | n a | priest | *łãγlawa | |
ľàtsa- | /ʎàʦa/ | n a | many | *lãca- | |
ľàtsa- | /ʎàʦa/ | n a | egg | *lãca | |
ľegi- | /ʎeɡi/ | n a | boy | *la-kʷi | lit. “little man” |
łèzi- | /ɬèzi/ | n a | horse | *łãši | |
łija- | /ɬija/ | n a | snake | *łiya | |
meʔli- | /meʔɫi/ | n a | bear | *madłi | |
meʔludu- | /meʔɫudu/ | n a | warrior (honorific) | *madłi-du | lit. “great bear” |
medza- | /meʣa/ | n a | dog | *medza | |
mòğu- | /mòɣu/ | n a | sheep | *mẽγu | |
na- | /na/ | n a | I | *na | |
pèľogu- | /pʰèʎoɡu/ | n a | fat person, large person, great person (honorific) | *pʰẽladu | lit. “great cloud” |
pha- | /pʰa/ | n a | everyone, everything, all | *pʰa- | |
phuga- | /pʰuɡa/ | n a | chief | *pʰuda | |
sa- | /sa/ | n a | we (distributive) | *sa | we |
ta- | /ta/ | n a | you | *ta | |
thìʔpi- | /tʰìʔpi/ | n a | daughter | *tʰẽʔpi | |
tłuwo- | /tɬuwo/ | n a | blood | *tłuwa | |
tshophu- | /ʦʰopʰu/ | n a | deer | *čʰepʰu | |
tsuba- | /ʦuba/ | n a | fruit | *cuba | |
tupi- | /tupi/ | n a | few | *tupi- | |
woʔlu- | /woʔɫu/ | n a | liver | *wetłu | |
ziľzi- | /ziʎzi/ | n a | fat, grease | *γelši | |
zipa- | /zipa/ | n a | some | *γipa- | |
ʔahpa- | /ʔahpa/ | n i | anger, rage | *ʔałpa | |
ʔèta- | /ʔèta/ | n i | feather | *ʔẽta | |
ʔìje- | /ʔìje/ | n i | name | *ʔĩye | |
ʔuga- | /ʔuɡa/ | n i | five | *ʔudza- | |
ʔuja- | /ʔuja/ | n i | pain | *ʔuya | |
ʔuwo- | /ʔuwo/ | n i | vomit | *ʔuwa | |
batshe- | /baʦʰe/ | n i | holiness | *bakʰe | |
besògù- | /besòɡù/ | n i | sharp edge, blade | *besadzũ | knife |
daʔle- | /daʔɫe/ | n i | here | *dadłe | |
dłeʔa- | /dɬeʔa/ | n i | land | *dłeʔa | |
dłùkuka- | /dɬùkuka/ | n i | family; longhouse | *dłũ-tuca | |
dudze- | /duʣe/ | n i | sky | *dudže | |
dzìʔì- | /ʣìʔì/ | n i | bee | *džĩʔĩ | |
dzìʔìkha- | /ʣìʔìkʰa/ | n i | honey, sweetness | *džĩʔĩkʰa | |
ğàňa- | /ɣàɲa/ | n i | leaf | *γaña | |
gatsa- | /ɡaʦa/ | n i | lover | *kaca | friend |
ğeje- | /ɣeje/ | n i | hill | *γʷeye | |
ğeľi- | /ɣeʎi/ | n i | stone | *γʷeley | mountain |
ğeľudu- | /ɣeʎudu/ | n i | mountain | *γʷeley-du | mountain + augmentative |
ğìta- | /ɣìta/ | n i | wind | *γʷĩta | |
gładze- | /ɡɬaʣe/ | n i | mix | *kłače | |
ğolga- | /ɣoɫɡa/ | n i | spit | *γʷałka | |
ğòxu- | /ɣòxu/ | n i | tool | *γʷãsu | bone |
jàma- | /jàma/ | n i | sun | *yama | |
jathapa- | /jatʰapa/ | n i | garden | *yatʰapa | |
jèdzi- | /jèʣi/ | n i | river | *yãki | |
jidzi- | /jiʣi/ | n i | arrow | *yeči | |
jolu- | /joɫu/ | n i | other | *yelu- | |
khaja- | /kʰaja/ | n i | fire | *kʰaya | |
khajałòkù- | /kʰajaɬòkù/ | n i | ashes | *kʰayałacũ | |
khapa- | /kʰapa/ | n i | tree | *kʰapa | |
khapòkù- | /kʰapòkù/ | n i | forest | *kʰapacũ | |
khulga- | /kʰuɫɡa/ | n i | boat | *kʰułda | |
khulu- | /kʰuɫu/ | n i | anus | *kʰulu | |
łàğa- | /ɬàɣa/ | n i | guard, guide | *łãγa | spirit |
ľağo- | /ʎaɣo/ | n i | smoke | *laγʷa | |
ľàtsa- | /ʎàʦa/ | n i | many | *lãca- | |
łìna- | /ɬìna/ | n i | lake | *łina | |
ľùmè- | /ʎùmè/ | n i | right, east | *lumẽ | |
ma- | /ma/ | n i | place, location | *ma | |
madze- | /maʣe/ | n i | sea | *madže | |
mazèzè- | /mazèzè/ | n i | moon | *Mašeγẽ | |
mètsa- | /mèʦa/ | n i | four | *mẽca- | |
nipha- | /nipʰa/ | n i | fog | *nipʰa | |
nògù- | /nòɡù/ | n i | left, west | *nadũ | |
nolku- | /noɫku/ | n i | three | *nałtu- | |
pàtògù- | /pàtòɡù/ | n i | road, path | *pãtadzũ | |
pha- | /pʰa/ | n i | everyone, everything, all | *pʰa- | |
phèľa- | /pʰèʎa/ | n i | cloud | *pʰẽla | |
phiji- | /pʰiji/ | n i | seed | *pʰeyi | |
phiłi- | /pʰiɬi/ | n i | tree bark | *pʰełi | |
pľàma- | /pʎàma/ | n i | flower | *plama | |
seji- | /seji/ | n i | night | *sayi | |
taga- | /taɡa/ | n i | grass | *taka | |
tagaʔle- | /taɡaʔɫe/ | n i | grassland, plain | *takadłe | |
tagala- | /taɡaɫa/ | n i | cloth | *takala | rope |
tago- | /taɡo/ | n i | one | *takʷa- | |
thaʔle- | /tʰaʔɫe/ | n i | there | *tʰadłe | |
thaja- | /tʰaja/ | n i | milk | *tʰaya | |
thuba- | /tʰuba/ | n i | root | *tʰuba | |
thula- | /tʰuɫa/ | n i | wool | *tʰula | |
tshejòhxù- | /ʦʰejòhxù/ | n i | wall, rampart | *kʰeyasłũ | |
tshèkhà- | /ʦʰèkʰà/ | n i | earth | *čʰekʰã | |
tsheľna- | /ʦʰeʎna/ | n i | horn | *kʰelna | |
tshesa- | /ʦʰesa/ | n i | dung | *kʰesa | |
tshibu- | /ʦʰibu/ | n i | worm | *kʰeybu | |
tsuphugaja- | /ʦupʰuɡaja/ | n i | louse | *cupʰudaya | |
tuka- | /tuka/ | n i | house, home | *tuca | |
tupi- | /tupi/ | n i | few | *tupi- | |
wèʔnà- | /wèʔnà/ | n i | year | *weʔnã | |
wetùʔnà- | /wetùʔnà/ | n i | next year | *wetweʔnã | |
zezewo- | /zezewo/ | n i | star | *šešewa | |
zi- | /zi/ | n i | two | *ši- | |
zìda- | /zìda/ | n i | webbing between the fingers, palm | *šĩda | |
zipa- | /zipa/ | n i | some | *γipa- | |
zìwo- | /zìwo/ | n i | pine | *γĩwa | |
zize- | /zize/ | n i | day | *γiše | |
duʔ | /duʔ/ | par | therefore, in that case; thus, in this way | *duk | therefore |
dzeʔ | /ʣeʔ/ | par | however | *džet | |
phà | /pʰà/ | par | then, next, and | *pʰa | then, next |
su | /su/ | par | or | *saw | |
tsah | /ʦah/ | par | also, and | *cał | also |
tsatsa | /ʦaʦa/ | par | because | *caca | moreover |
tshidzi | /ʦʰiʣi/ | par | instead | *kʰeči | |
ʔàma | /ʔàma/ | pp | with | *ʔama | |
ʔi | /ʔi/ | pp | if | *ʔey | |
ʔihma | /ʔihma/ | pp | without, if not | *ʔiłma | without |
dła | /dɬa/ | pp | for | *dła | |
dze | /ʣe/ | pp | across, through | *dže | through |
dze | /ʣe/ | pp | to | *ke | |
ga | /ɡa/ | pp | on behalf of | *ka | |
gèʔdzi | /ɡèʔʣi/ | pp | towards | *kãʔči | |
ğu | /ɣu/ | pp | outside | *γaw | |
guku | /ɡuku/ | pp | after, behind | *kʷucu | |
jeʔogu | /jeʔoɡu/ | pp | away from | *yeʔadzu | leave |
ľaʔ | /ʎaʔ/ | pp | under | *lat | |
meʔ | /meʔ/ | pp | by means of | *mek | |
mèľà | /mèʎà/ | pp | along | *melã | |
naʔ | /naʔ/ | pp | above | *nat | |
noʔu | /noʔu/ | pp | up towards | *naʔu | up |
sàʔ | /sàʔ/ | pp | inside, during, while | *sãk | inside |
tabe | /tabe/ | pp | on, at, when | *tabe | on, at |
ze | /ze/ | pp | down towards | *še | down |
gòdu | /ɡòdu/ | pp prep | on top of | *kʷẽdu | head |
zuwo | /zuwo/ | pp prep | through, into the middle of | *šuwa | guts |
ʔida- | /ʔida/ | pre | slow | *ʔida- | |
dłù- | /dɬù/ | pre | long | *dłũ- | |
dòbu- | /dòbu/ | pre | thick | *dãbu- | |
duğa- | /duɣa/ | pre | good | *duγa- | |
dzàma- | /ʣàma/ | pre | red | *dzama- | |
dzìdzi- | /ʣìʣi/ | pre | straight | *dzĩči- | |
dziga- | /ʣiɡa/ | pre | yellow | *čika- | |
dzùnu- | /ʣùnu/ | pre | full | *činu- | |
ğàdze- | /ɣàʣe/ | pre | big | *γãdže- | |
gatha- | /ɡatʰa/ | pre | correct | *katʰa- | |
gatsha- | /ɡaʦʰa/ | pre | soil, make dirty | *kačʰa | |
getshi- | /ɡeʦʰi/ | pre | dirty | *kačʰi- | |
głukha- | /ɡɬukʰa/ | pre | short | *kłutʰa- | |
ğłùŋa- | /ɣɬùŋa/ | pre | green | *γłuna- | |
ğogu- | /ɣoɡu/ | pre | quick | *γʷeku- | |
ğuje- | /ɣuje/ | pre | heavy | *γʷuye- | |
jada- | /jada/ | pre | old | *yada- | |
khàʔa- | /kʰàʔa/ | pre | black | *kʰãʔa- | |
khawo- | /kʰawo/ | pre | narrow | *kʰawa- | |
łago- | /ɬaɡo/ | pre | near | *łakʷa- | |
ľàma- | /ʎàma/ | pre | warm | *lama- | |
mahga- | /mahɡa/ | pre | sharp | *małka- | |
maje- | /maje/ | pre | rotten | *maye- | |
mìgo- | /mìɡo/ | pre | wet | *mĩkʷa- | |
mòxu- | /mòxu/ | pre | wide | *mãsu- | |
nadze- | /naʣe/ | pre | tame | *nače- | |
neğla- | /neɣɫa/ | pre | white | *neγla- | |
ňizi- | /ɲizi/ | pre | smooth | *ñeši- | |
ňolgu- | /ɲoɫɡu/ | pre | dull, blunt | *ñałdu- | |
phala- | /pʰaɫa/ | pre | far | *pʰala- | |
phita- | /pʰita/ | pre | small, weak | *pʰita- | small |
pľàga- | /pʎàɡa/ | pre | new | *plãka- | |
sùla- | /sùɫa/ | pre | round | *sũla- | |
thàda- | /tʰàda/ | pre | cold | *tʰãda- | |
tshiʔla- | /ʦʰiʔɫa/ | pre | dry | *kʰibła- | |
tshìňa- | /ʦʰìɲa/ | pre | together | *kʰiña- | |
tshìňà- | /ʦʰìɲà/ | pre | thin | *kʰiñã- | |
wedzi- | /weʣi/ | pre | steep | *wači- | |
zèma- | /zèma/ | pre | bad | *γema- | |
-da- | /da/ | pron | that near you | *da- | |
-dze- | /ʣe/ | pron | this near me | *dže- | |
-gi- | /ɡi/ | pron | cataphoric stem | *kʷi- | |
-ja- | /ja/ | pron | anaphoric stem | *ya- | |
-tha- | /tʰa/ | pron | that over there (invisible) | *tʰa- | |
-tshe- | /ʦʰe/ | pron | that over there (visible) | *čʰe- | |
ʔèda- | /ʔèda/ | v dt | give | *ʔẽda | |
tshihta- | /ʦʰihta/ | v dt | teach | *čʰiłta | |
ʔago- | /ʔaɡo/ | v it | rain | *ʔakʷa | |
ʔujaʔaja- | /ʔujaʔaja/ | v it | be in pain (source indicated with meʔ PP) | *ʔuya-ʔaya | |
ʔuwolpa- | /ʔuwoɫpa/ | v it | vomit | *ʔuwałpa | |
błàma- | /bɬàma/ | v it | fart | *błama | |
dağa- | /daɣa/ | v it | shout | *daγa | |
dàlà- | /dàɫà/ | v it | swim, fly | *dalã | |
dzega- | /ʣeɡa/ | v it | sit | *čeka | |
gisa- | /gisa/ | v it | make felt | *kʷisa | |
ğiwo- | /ɣiwo/ | v it | live, be alive | *γʷiwa | |
ğolgahpa- | /ɣoɫɡahpa/ | v it | spit | *γʷałkałpa | |
guga- | /ɡuɡa/ | v it | sleep | *kuda | |
jaga- | /jaɡa/ | v it | play | *yaka | |
jeʔogu- | /jeʔoɡu/ | v it | leave | *yeʔadzu | |
jèma- | /jèma/ | v it | row | *yema | |
jiʔihtsa- | /jiʔihʦa/ | v it | come | *yeʔiłca | |
khajaʔaja- | /kʰajaʔaja/ | v it | burn | *kʰaya-ʔaya | fire + verbaliser |
khakho- | /kʰakʰo/ | v it | laugh | *kʰakʷʰa | |
khakhoku- | /kʰakʰoku/ | v it | amusingly | *kʰakʷʰa-cu | laugh + adverbialiser |
ľaʔpa- | /ʎaʔpa/ | v it | insult | *laʔpa | steal |
maze- | /maze/ | v it | shine | *maše | |
pàta- | /pàta/ | v it | find one's way | *pãta | |
phala- | /pʰaɫ a/ | v it | swell, grow, become tumescent | *pʰala | |
phiwo- | /pʰiwo/ | v it | breathe, blow | *pʰiwa | |
pławo- | /pɬawo/ | v it | walk | *pława | |
pławoʔogu- | /pɬawoʔoɡu/ | v it | walk away | *pławaʔadzu | |
thòbu- | /tʰòbu/ | v it | fall | *tʰãbu | |
tľetľe- | /tʎetʎe/ | v it | prepare leather | *tletle | |
tshesahpa- | /ʦʰesahpa/ | v it | defecate | *kʰesałpa | |
tshotu- | /ʦʰotu/ | v it | lie down | *kʰetu | |
weta- | /weta/ | v it | turn | *weta | |
weteʔihtsa- | /weteʔihʦa/ | v it | meet | *weta-ʔiłca | turn + towards |
wodze- | /woʣe/ | v it | die | *wadže | |
zeʔtaʔadza- | /zeʔtaʔaʣa/ | v it | flow away | *šeʔtaʔadza | |
zeʔteʔihtsa- | /zeʔteʔihʦa/ | v it | flow towards | *šeʔtaʔiłca | |
zedze- | /zeʣe/ | v it | run | *γedže | |
zedzeʔogu- | /zeʣeʔoɡu/ | v it | run away | (zedze-ʔogu) | run + away from |
zìgà- | /zìɡà/ | v it | stand | *šikã | |
zuga- | /zuɡa/ | v it | float | *šiwka | |
zugaʔadza- | /zuɡaʔaʣa/ | v it | float downstream | *šiwkaʔadza | |
ʔadi- | /ʔadi/ | v mt | fear | *ʔadya | |
ʔahpadza- | /ʔahpaʣa/ | v mt | anger | *ʔałpadza | |
ʔitsha- | /ʔiʦʰa/ | v mt | fish | *ʔičʰa | |
ʔoxu- | /ʔoxu/ | v mt | smell | *ʔału | |
ʔujadza- | /ʔujaʣa/ | v mt | cause pain | *ʔuyadza | pain + verbaliser |
ʔùkahpa- | /ʔùkahpa/ | v mt | bite | *ʔũtałpa | |
ʔùkalpa- | /ʔùkaɫpa/ | v mt | eat vegetables, eat non-meat (humans and non- herbivorous animals) | *ʔũta-łpa | tooth + verbaliser |
bebesa- | /bebesa/ | v mt | split | *bebesa | |
bèdza- | /bèʣa/ | v mt | have, carry, possess | *bẽdza | know |
besa- | /besa/ | v mt | cut | *besa | |
dağadza- | /daɣaʣa/ | v mt | call to | *daγadza | |
dzàlà- | /ʣàɫà/ | v mt | stab | *dzalã | |
dzedzi- | /ʣeʣi/ | v mt | say | *dzači | |
dzegadza- | /ʣeɡaʣa/ | v mt | seat | *čekadza | |
dzeľda- | /ʣeʎda/ | v mt | see; know | *čelda | see |
dzèsa- | /ʣèsa/ | v mt | dance | *džẽsa | |
dzije- | /ʣije/ | v mt | want | *čiye | |
dzuphu- | /ʣupʰu/ | v mt | gather, hunt, n collect, fish | *dzupʰu | |
gàmà- | /ɡàmà/ | v mt | fear | *kamã | |
ğehdzi- | /ɣehʣi/ | v mt | wash | *γʷałki | |
ğibe- | /ɣibe/ | v mt | drink | *γʷibe | |
gisa- | /ɡisa/ | v mt | squeeze, press | *kʷisa | |
ğiwoga- | /ɣiwoɡa/ | v mt | give birth to, engender | *γʷiwadza | |
ğlaʔta- | /ɣɫaʔta/ | v mt | milk | *γlaʔta | |
gogu- | /ɡoɡu/ | v mt | cook | *kʷekʷu | |
ğoguʔlawoʔogu- | /ɣoɡuʔɫawoʔoɡu/ | v mt | escape from, run away from | *γʷeku-pławaʔadzu | walk away from + quick |
jàsahpa- | /jàsahpa/ | v mt | eat meat | *yãsa-łpa | meat + verbaliser |
jatha- | /jatʰa/ | v mt | tend, garden | *yatʰa | |
jedza- | /jeʣa/ | v mt | push | *yedza | |
jezi- | /jezi/ | v mt | hold, own, marry | *yaši | |
jiʔihtsadza- | /jiʔihʦaʣa/ | v mt | pull | *yeʔiłcadza | |
jòbulpa- | /jòbuɫpa/ | v mt | suck | *yabułpa | |
jogu- | /joɡu/ | v mt | perform rituals | *yeku | eat meat |
khajahpa- | /kʰajahpa/ | v mt | burn | *kʰayałpa | |
khakhoga- | /kʰakʰoɡa/ | v mt | mock | *kʰakʷʰadza | |
kholu- | /kʰoɫu/ | v mt | tie, fasten | *kʰalu | |
khulpa- | /kʰuɫpa/ | v mt | hunt, catch | *kʰulpa | hunt |
ľaʔpa- | /ʎaʔpa/ | v mt | attain, win; take by raiding | *laʔpa | steal |
ľàlàňa- | /ʎàɫàɲa/ | v mt | dig | *lalaña | |
ľàňa- | /ʎàɲa/ | v mt | wound, hurt | *laña | scratch |
łijahpa- | /ɬijahpa/ | v mt | heal | *łiyałpa | |
ľipha- | /ʎipʰa/ | v mt | wipe | *leypʰa | |
ľùma- | /ʎùma/ | v mt | grind, mill | *luma | |
moʔzu- | /moʔzu/ | v mt | sew | *meʔšu | |
nòbu- | /nòbu/ | v mt | think | *nãbu | |
phaʔta- | /pʰaʔta/ | v mt | throw | *pʰaʔta | |
phaphaʔta- | /pʰapʰaʔta/ | v mt | shoot, hurl as a weapon (DO = weapon) | *pʰapʰaʔta | |
phiwoga- | /pʰiwoɡa/ | v mt | inflate | *pʰiwadza | |
sabaja- | /sabaja/ | v mt | fight | *sabaya | |
tha- | /tʰa/ | v mt | do, make | *tʰa | |
thatha- | /tʰatʰa/ | v mt | use | *tʰatʰa | |
thawo- | /tʰawo/ | v mt | bend | *tʰawa | |
thòbuga- | /tʰòbuɡa/ | v mt | fell, chop down | *tʰãbu-dza | fall + causative |
thùgu- | /tʰùɡu/ | v mt | have sex with | *tʰũdu | |
thuja- | /tʰuja/ | v mt | become | *tʰuya | |
tľetľe- | /tʎetʎe/ | v mt | rub | *tletle | |
tłuphe- | /tɬupʰe/ | v mt | find, discover | *tłupʰe | |
tshìňatha- | /ʦʰìɲatʰa/ | v mt | build, put together, create | *kʰiñatʰa | |
tshotuga- | /ʦʰotuɡa/ | v mt | place | *kʰetudza | |
tsuphu- | /ʦupʰu/ | v mt | itch, irritate | *cupʰu | |
wodzedza- | /woʣeʣa/ | v mt | kill | *wadžedza | |
wolka- | /woɫka/ | v mt | hit | *walca | |
wotsu- | /woʦu/ | v mt | eat (of herbivorous animals) | *wecu | eat vegetables |
zedzeʔogùbèdza- | /zeʣeʔoɡùbèʣa/ | v mt | steal | (zedzeʔogu-bèdza) | run away from + carry |
zèta- | /zèta/ | v mt | sing | *šẽta | |
zìdahpa- | /zìdahpa/ | v mt | count | *šĩdałpa | |
zìgàdza- | /zìɡàʣa/ | v mt | stick in the ground | *šikãdza | |
zija- | /zija/ | v mt | hear | *γiya |