Mhakh Thandim/Lexicon

The following is a lexicon of Mhakh Thandim.

Part of Speech Abbreviations:

• adj. - adjective
• adv. - adverb
• conj. - conjunction
• dem. - demonstrative
• int. - interjection
• n. an. - animate noun
• n. ac. - animate collective noun
• n. ic. - inanimate count noun
• n. im. - inanimate mass noun
• num. - numeral
• pre. - preposition
• pron. - pronoun
• qtf. - indefinite quantifier
• vi. - intransitive verb
• vt. - monotransitive verb

Vocabulary

MT	IPA	PoS	gloss	Irregular Forms
ârsí	/a̤rsi/	n. ic.	sharp point, tip
átaun	/atʰaʊ̯n/	n. im.	a genre of historical stories
ai	/aɪ̯/	vt.	want
âi	/a̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	blood
âingga	/a̤ɪ̯ŋɡə/	n. im.	menstrual blood
au	/aʊ̯/	adv.	too, also, as well
au	/aʊ̯/	vt.	swallow
a	/ə/	int.	oh! (vocative particle)
ā	/ə̤/	n. im.	root(s)
ak’íkh	/ək'ix/	n. im.	crystal(s)
akhnath	/əxnəθ/	n. ic.	canine tooth, eye tooth, fang
alam	/ələm/	vt.	fresh-water salmon
alim	/əlɪm/	vt.	reflect (light)
am	/əm/	n. an.	lake
ang	/əŋ/	n. im.	rightness, righteousness
ang	/əŋ/	vi.	be right, be correct, guess correctly
āg	/ə̤k/	vt.	hurt, wound, injure, harm
ānggén	/ə̤ŋgen/	n. ic.	arrowhead
ānggí	/ə̤ŋgi/	n. an.	vixen (female fox, less marked)
anggó	/əŋgo/	n. ic.	vase, amphora, ceramicware for liquids
ap'ú	/əp'u/	n. an.	knuckle, knuckle bone
ārí	/ə̤ri/	n. ic.	spearhead
ārófu	/ə̤rofʊ/	n. an.	sandstorm
ārung	/ə̤rʊŋ/	n. an.	breast
asca	/əsʔə/	n. im.	gypsum
ascikh	/əsʔɪx/	n. an.	ankle, talus bone, dice
asakh	/əsəx/	n. an.	wolf
asac	/əsəʔ/	n. an.	eagle
at'í	/ət'i/	n. an.	knee, knee cap
akh	/əx/	vi.	return, come back
ac	/əʔ/	n. im.	rock(s), stone(s)
āth	/ə̤θ/	n. im.	color(s)
báth	/paθ/	n. ic.	house, building
bai	/paɪ̯/	n. im.	seed(s) (of plants), semen (of animals)
bau	/paʊ̯/	n. an.	horn (of an animal)
baulā	/paʊ̯lə̤/	n. an.	weather
ba	/pə/	vt.	be similar to, be like, resemble
bab	/pəp/	vi.	stop, halt, cease, come to an end
bambád	/pəmbat/	n. an.	stream, brook, creek
bamba	/pəmbə/	n. an.	father, paternal uncle
ban	/pən/	adj.	small
banan	/pənən/	n. an.	new moon
banggí	/pəŋgi/	n. an.	bull (male bovine)
bap’ekh	/pəp’ɛx/	adv.	maybe
basú	/pəsu/	n. im.	daisies
bath	/pəθ/	vt.	switch with, be exchanged for
bāth	/pə̤θ/	n. im.	village, collection of houses
bē	/pɛ̤/	vi.	be intoxicated, be insane, behave erratically
bí	/pi/	vt.	hint, suggest
bi	/pɪ/	vi.	have reached mastery (of a craft or art), be a master
bid	/pɪt/	vt.	sacrifice
bik'én	/pɪk'en/	n. ic.	fletching (of an arrow)
bombo	/pɔmbɔ/	n. an.	infant, baby
bong	/pɔŋ/	n. im.	fruit(s)
bsaumwi	/psaʊ̯mwɪ/	n. im.	solar eclipse
bsauyān	/psaʊ̯jə̤n/	n. im.	lunar eclipse
bú	/pu/	n. an.	hand
búyāth	/pujə̤θ/	n. im.	yellow color, yellow pigment
bum	/pʊm/	adj.	good, well
bumac	/pʊməʔ/	n. im.	flint, chert
bundum	/pʊndʊm/	vt.	fix, repair
bwác	/pwaʔ/	vi.	suffer (from an illness)
bwau	/pwaʊ̯/	n. im.	roof(s), roofing
bwid	/pwɪt/	n. an.	penis
cai	/ʔaɪ̯/	n. ic.	bowl
cai	/ʔaɪ̯/	vi.	depart, leave, go away (from listener)
cau	/ʔaʊ̯/	vt.	trick
cauphgo	/ʔaʊ̯ɸkɔ/	n. im.	branch(es)
ca	/ʔə/	n. ic.	basket
ca	/ʔə/	vi.	clap (hands)
ca	/ʔə/	vt.	request
cad	/ʔət/	vi.	bear, give birth
calí	/ʔəli/	n. an.	female bird
cam	/ʔəm/	vi.	walk
cath	/ʔəθ/	vt.	carry
cé	/ʔe/	n. an.	vulva
cí	/ʔi/	n. im.	manner, method, way
cí	/ʔi/	n. ic.	part, component
cí	/ʔi/	qtf.	some, few
cíwû	/ʔiwṳ/	n. ac.	twins
cód	/ʔot/	n. im.	grease, fat
co	/ʔɔ/	adj.	last
co	/ʔɔ/	vt.	fail
cō	/ʔɔ̤/	n. ic.	cave
cúyāth	/ʔujə̤θ/	n. im.	blue, green, blue/green, those colors/pigments
cu	/ʔʊ/	adj.	far, faraway, distant
cuk’a	/ʔʊk’ə/	n. im.	hills
culing	/ʔʊlɪŋ/	n. im.	noise
cundith	/ʔʊndɪθ/	n. ac.	skeleton, set of bones
cundung	/ʔʊndʊŋ/	vt.	open
cuph	/ʔʊɸ/	vi.	smell, emit odor
cusú	/ʔʊsu/	n. an.	hip
dá	/ta/	vi.	be able
dau	/taʊ̯/	vt.	celebrate, honor
dā	/tə̤/	vi.	be cunning, sly
dac	/təʔ/	vt.	extinguish, destroy
dad	/tət/	n. im.	name(s)
dag	/tək/	vi.	be intelligent, be wise
dakh	/təx/	n. im.	candle(s)
dambú	/təmbu/	n. an.	rainbow
danda	/təndə/	n. an.	mother, maternal aunt
dandí	/təndi/	n. an.	summer
dandu	/təndʊ/	vt.	admit, confess
dāph	/tə̤ɸ/	vt.	pick, select, take
dat’ang	/tət’əŋ/	adv.	soon
dāth	/tə̤θ/	n. im.	anger
dāth	/tə̤θ/	vi.	be angry
dawō	/təwɔ̤/	n. im.	chimney, smokehole
de	/tɛ/	qtf.	every
dí	/ti/	n. an.	season
dí	/tí/	vt.	rub
di	/tɪ/	n. an.	womb, uterus
din	/tɪn/	n. ac.	nation, tribal confederation
don	/tɔn/	vt.	match, be the same as
dsau	/tsaʊ̯/	n. im.	leaves
dsec	/tsɛʔ/	n. an.	planet, wandering star
dsí	/tsi/	n. an.	mist, fog bank
dú	/tu/	vi.	go downstream, go downhill, take the easier course of action
du	/tʊ/	adj.	really, indeed
dum	/tʊm/	n. an.	ocean
duya	/tʊjə/	n. im.	midden, waste dump
dyâu	/tja̤ʊ̯/	vi.	kneel, squat, crouch
e	/ɛ/	conj.	or
ē	/ɛ̤/	n. im.	feeling, sense, intuition
ekhcath	/ɛxʔəθ/	n. ic.	travois, sledge to carry goods
ekhsa	/ɛxsə/	n. im.	lacquer, glue
ekht'í	/ɛxt'i/	n. ic.	rudder (device used to steer a boat)
ekhdá	/ɛxta/	n. ic.	tool
elú	/ɛlu/	n. im.	free standing wall(s), fortification(s), barrier(s)
elû	/ɛlṳ/	n. ic.	oar, paddle
en	/ɛn/	vt.	fight
ērab	/ɛ̤rəp/	vi.	sense of touch
fád	/fat/	n. in.	river
fálad	/falət/	n. an.	carp
fándeth	/fandɛθ/	n. ac.	gang, warband, unit (of an army)
fándîm	/fandi̤m/	n. an.	stepchild
fáph	/faɸ/	n. im.	path, trail
fáth	/faθ/	vi.	happen, occur
fai	/faɪ̯/	n. an.	spirit, god
fai	/faɪ̯/	vi.	fall
fai	/faɪ̯/	vt.	slap
fau	/faʊ̯/	vi.	pass, move on, go forward
fau	/faʊ̯/	vt.	pour, strew
fafai	/fəfaɪ̯/	n. an.	avalanche, landslide
fafa	/fəfə/	n. an.	brother
fandeth	/fəndɛθ/	n. ac	army, militia
fang	/fəŋ/	num.	five
fanggau	/fəŋgaʊ̯/	vi.	be together, be in a group
fe	/fɛ/	vt.	herd
feth	/fɛθ/	n. an.	warrior, soldier
fífí	/fifi/	n. an.	son
fíth	/fiθ/	n. ic.	stalk, stem
fíthyâi	/fiθja̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	right side, the right (direction)
fi	/fɪ/	dem.	this, that (inanimate)
fi	/fɪ/	vt.	wrap around
fgau	/fkaʊ̯/	n. ic.	trap
flaló	/fləlo/	n. ic.	water pot (for scoring clay)
flic	/flɪʔ/	n. ic.	musical instrument (general category)
fólú	/folu/	n. ic.	poplar tree
fóm	/fom/	n. im.	snot, nasal mucous
fo	/fɔ/	n. ic.	pan
fōb	/fɔ̤p/	n. an.	skin(s), bark (of a tree)
fokht’éph	/fɔxt’eɸ/	n. an.	beetle
folú	/fɔlu/	n. im.	grove of poplars
fong	/fɔŋ/	vt.	sing
fōsó	/fɔ̤so/	n. im.	counting beans
foth	/fɔθ/	n. im.	gills
frau	/fraʊ̯/	n. ic.	knife, blade
frambau	/frəmbaʊ̯/	n. ic.	ford, river crossing
frén	/fren/	n. im.	cycle, recurring event or process
fú	/fu/	n. ic.	bag, waterskin
fú	/fu/	vi.	be blind
fúm	/fum/	vi.	melt
fu	/fʊ/	n. an.	wind
fundau	/fʊndaʊ̯/	vt.	join, be with, bring (a person)
fwēc	/fwɛ̤ʔ/	n. im.	beads, money
fwíg	/fwik/	vt.	think about, consider
fwín	/fwin/	n. im.	luck, good fortune
gā	/kə̤/	vi.	be in pain
gak’ókh	/kək’ox/	vt.	hunt
galí	/kəli/	n. an.	magpie
gam	/kəm/	n. ic.	drum
gandath	/kəndəθ/	n. ac.	parents, same-sex parental siblings
ganga	/kəŋə/	vt.	applaud
ganggé	/kəŋge/	n. ic.	rowan tree
gangge	/kəŋgɛ/	n. im.	grove of rowans
ganggen	/kəŋgɛn/	adj.	different, unusual, another
ganggith	/kəŋgɪθ/	n. an.	snow
gayān	/kəjə̤n/	n. im.	menstrual period
gê	/ke̤/	n. im.	home, shelter
ge	/kɛ/	n. an.	eye
gen	/kɛn/	vi.	be different, be unusual, be another
gfa	/kfə/	n. ic.	shoe
gín	/kin/	n. ic.	arrow
gíyāth	/kijə̤θ/	n. im.	red color, red pigment
giblíc	/kɪpliʔ/	adj.	salted, pickled
gilí	/kɪli/	n. an.	thrush
githpom	/kɪθpʰɔm/	n. an.	skull
giyî	/kɪji̤/	n. an.	fresh-water eel
gli	/klɪ/	pron.	they
gókh	/kox/	vi.	hunt, go hunting, be a hunter
góyêkh	/koje̤x/	n. ic.	shrine, temple
gsac	/ksəʔ/	n. im.	bread
gso	/ksɔ/	num.	second
gú	/ku/	n. ic.	door, entry
gwi	/kwɪ/	n. an.	brain
gyai	/kjaɪ̯/	vt.	imagine
gyo	/kyɔ/	vt.	count
há	/ha/	vi.	go down, descend, climb down
hákh	/hax/	n. an.	liver
hai	/haɪ̯/	adv.	then (past)
hai	/haɪ̯/	pron.	we, us
hâi	/ha̤ɪ̯/	adv.	recently
Haifai	/haɪ̯faɪ̯/	n. an.	sky goddess
hau	/haʊ̯/	vi.	call, shout
hâu	/ha̤ʊ̯/	vt.	shout, cry out (of a word or sound)
haumam	/haʊ̯məm/	n. im.	dust
hausikh	/haʊ̯sɪx/	n. an.	(entire) leg
hakh	/həx/	n. ic.	mortar (tool for grinding)
hakh	/həx/	vt.	hew (with an ax)
Halsa	/Həlsə/	n. im.	place of spiritual punishment, hell
ham	/həm/	vi.	seem
han	/hən/	n. an.	moon
handā	/həndə̤/	n. ac.	swarm of spiders, nest of spiders
handag	/həndək/	n. ac.	pride of cats
handú	/həndu/	n. ac.	siblings
hanō	/hənɔ̤/	n. an.	snake	pl. xúyā
hara	/hərə/	n. an.	ear
hasā	/həsə̤/	n. an.	goose
hath	/həθ/	qtf.	each
hé	/he/	n. im.	ground, floor
hé	/he/	vi.	suffer a seizure, stroke, or similar attack
hém	/hem/	vi.	be fast, be quick
hén	/hen/	vi.	feel homesick, nostalgic
he	/hɛ/	n. an.	mouse, rat
hē	/hɛ̤/	vt.	feel, sense
hí	/hi/	num.	two
hí	/hi/	vi.	listen
híc	/hiʔ/	vt.	rape
hím	/him/	vt.	marry
híyakh	/hijəx/	n. an.	spleen
hig	/hɪk/	n. an.	chin
hikh	/hɪx/	n. im.	voice
hing	/hɪŋ/	n. im.	threat
hing	/hɪŋ/	vt.	threaten
hiph	/hɪɸ/	vt.	realize, become aware of, understand
hlau	/hlaʊ̯/	vt.	beg
hla	/hlə/	vt.	improve, make perfect
hlig	/hlɪk/	n. an.	mind, thoughts
hókh	/hox/	n. an.	woman	pl. cau
hóth	/hoθ/	vi.	forage, be a forager
ho	/hɔ/	vt.	touch, come in contact with
hō	/hɔ̤/	n. im.	hole(s)
holán	/hɔlan/	n. im.	moonflower(s) (night-blooming flower types)
holég	/hɔlek/	n. an.	sow (female pig; less marked)	pl. kā
holath	/hɔləθ/	n. im.	grove of ash trees
hon	/hɔn/	vt.	seize, take over, conquer, take by force
hong	/hɔŋ/	n. im.	place, area, region
horâu	/hɔra̤ʊ̯/	n. ac.	buttocks
hoth	/hɔθ/	n. ac.	married couple
hri	/hrɪ/	adv.	now
hú	/hu/	num.	eighteen
hú	/hu/	vi.	pilot, navigate (a canoe or raft)
hú	/hu/	vt.	meet
hû	/hṳ/	vi.	defecate
húb	/hup/	n. ic.	festival, feast, holiday
húyakh	/hujəx/	n. an.	mistress, lover
húyākh	/hujə̤x/	n. ic.	ax
hu	/hʊ/	adv.	only, merely, barely, just, simply
hu	/hʊ/	vt.	break
hū	/hʊ̤/	n. an.	lungs
hū	/hʊ̤/	vt.	be perpendicular to
hub	/hʊp/	vt.	eat, consume
huc	/hʊʔ/	vt.	kick
hum	/hʊm/	n. im.	thunder
humrófu	/hʊmrofʊ/	n. an.	thunderstorm
hun	/hʊn/	vt.	sew
huyîkh	/hʊji̤x/	n. ic.	loom
hwuth	/hwʊθ/	n. im.	sand
hwuthca	/hwʊθʔə/	n. im.	earwax
í	/i/	vi.	breathe
í	/i/	vt.	drip on
î	/i̤/	n. an.	fish(es)
î	/i̤/	n. im.	beauty
î	/i̤/	vi.	be beautiful, be pretty
ínggókh	/iŋgox/	n. an.	hunter, predatory animal
ínggen	/iŋgɛn/	n. an.	stranger, foreigner
írau	/iraʊ̯/	n. an.	prisoner, captive, hostage, slave
ísí	/isi/	n. an.	leader, guide
ít’ukh	/it’ʊx/	n. an.	sage, priest, shaman
im	/ɪm/	vt.	shine on
īndaní	/ɪ̤ndəni/	n. an.	mosquito(es)
īnīn	/ɪ̤nɪ̤n/	n. an.	daughter(s)
ing	/ɪŋ/	adj.	short
iph	/ɪɸ/	vt.	praise
iríph	/ɪriɸ/	vt.	complain about, protest
iráng	/ɪraŋ/	vi.	be wrong
īwū	/ɪ̤wṳ/	n. ic.	adze
iyak’íkh	/ɪjək’ix/	n. ic.	jewel
k’au	/k’aʊ̯/	vt.	give in trade, offer in trade
k’ā	/k’ə̤/	n. im.	pain
k’ad	/k’ət/	n. im.	flesh, meat
k’alí	/k’əli/	n. an.	hawk
k’andath	/k’əndəθ/	n. ac.	grandparents
k’ang	/k’əŋ/	vi.	stay, remain
k’é	/k’e/	n. ic.	mountain peak, crest of a hill
k’e	/k’ɛ/	conj.	but
k’e	/k’ɛ/	vt.	hit
k’ē	/k’ɛ̤/	n. ic.	bucket
k’í	/k’i/	n. an.	beak
k’íkh	/k’ix/	n. an.	hail
k’i	/k’ɪ/	vt.	warn
k’ib	/k’ɪp/	adj.	white, light (in color)
k’ibac	/k’ɪpəʔ/	n. im.	chalk, calcium
k’imāth	/k’ɪmə̤θ/	n. im.	white color, white pigment
k’in	/k’ɪn/	vi.	itch, be annoying
k’indó	/k’ɪndo/	n. im.	vetches, patch of vetches
k’ith	/k’ɪθ/	n. an.	bone
k'uph	/k'ʊɸ/	vi.	stink
kau	/kʰaʊ̯/	n. an.	bear	pl. hâi
ka	/kʰə/	dem.	this, that (animate)
kā	/kʰə̤/	n. an.	sky
kag	/kʰək/	vt.	waste, squander
kakh	/kʰəx/	vt.	lead, govern, rule, control
kalalai	/kʰələlaɪ̯/	n. an.	catfish
kamban	/kʰəmbən/	adj.	common
kambikh	/kʰəmbɪx/	adj.	private, personal
kambú	/kʰəmbu/	adj.	yellow
kambum	/kʰəmbʊm/	conj.	relativizer
kandafú	/kʰəndəfu/	adj.	coarse, rough
kandalo	/kʰəndəlɔ/	adj.	fine
kandaná	/kʰəndəna/	adj.	smooth
kandí	/kʰəndi/	adj.	fragrant
kang	/kʰəŋ/	vt.	hinder, block
kanggí	/kʰəŋgi/	adj.	red
kbán	/kʰpan/	n. im.	homeland
kbau	/kʰpaʊ̯/	conj.	complimentizer
kdá	/kʰta/	adj.	industrious, diligent, hardworking
kdac	/kʰtəʔ/	adj.	massive, heavy
kdam	/kʰtəm/	adj.	full
kdarokh	/kʰtərɔx/	n. im.	firewood
kdasí	/kʰtəsi/	adj.	sharp
kdeth	/kʰtɛθ/	n. im.	bronze, bronzeware
kdónâi	/kʰtona̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	shore, riverbank
kdū	/kʰtʊ̤/	adj.	blunt, dull
kê	/kʰe̤/	vt.	dwell in, live in
ked	/kʰɛt/	vt.	judge, conclude, decide
kekh	/kʰɛx/	vi.	be pregnant
keng	/kʰɛŋ/	vi.	depart, leave, go away (from speaker)
keth	/kʰɛθ/	n. an.	fire
kí	/kʰi/	adj.	dry
kí	/kʰi/	n. an.	bird
kí	/kʰi̤/	vt.	respect
kícókh	/kʰiʔox/	n. an.	wife
kîcoléng	/kʰi̤ʔɔleŋ/	n. an.	boar (male pig)	pl. k’uyā
kícom	/kʰiʔɔm/	n. an.	belly, abdomen
kírû	/kʰirṳ/	n. an.	husband
kísani	/kʰisənɪ/	n. im.	minority
kíwom	/kʰiwɔm/	n. an.	face
ki	/kʰɪ/	pron.	he, she, it
kig	/kʰɪk/	n. im.	cry, cries
kirú	/kʰɪru/	vt.	disagree with
kith	/kʰɪθ/	vt.	drink
kiyong	/kʰɪjɔŋ/	n. ic.	room, hall, compartment of a house
kla	/kʰlə/	adj.	crooked, bent, unusable (of a tool)
kli	/kʰlɪ/	adj.	hollow
klú	/kʰlu/	vt.	lie, tell a lie to
klúph	/kʰluɸ/	adj.	straight
klu	/kʰlʊ/	vt.	destroy
kmalau	/kʰm̥əlaʊ̯/	adj.	bad
kmā	/kʰm̥ə̤/	adj.	dear, expensive, precious
kmirâ	/kʰm̥ɪra̤/	adj.	cheap, inexpensive
knai	/kʰn̥aɪ̯/	vt.	distribute, share
kné	/kʰn̥e/	n. im.	salvation, rescue
kngú	/kʰŋ̊u/	adj.	blue, green, blue/green
kô	/kʰo̤/	vt.	borrow (temporary transfer of possession in either direction)
kóláth	/kʰolaθ/	n. ic.	ash tree
kú	/kʰu/	adj.	middle
kú	/kʰu/	vt.	agree with
kúc	/kʰuʔ/	adj.	empty
kúng	/kʰuŋ/	vt.	struggle, strive toward
kwau	/kʰwaʊ̯/	n. im.	disease, illness
khá	/xa/	vt.	reach, arrive at
khau	/xaʊ̯/	adj.	hot, warm
kha	/xə/	adv.	completely, well
khā	/xə̤/	n. an.	spider
khag	/xək/	n. an.	cat
khalí	/xəli/	n. an.	crow
khath	/xəθ/	n. an.	male dog
khe	/xɛ/	n. an.	anus
khícau	/xiʔaʊ̯/	n. ic.	shovel, scoop
khíth	/xiθ/	vi.	be fair, be honorable, be just
khic	/xɪʔ/	vt.	play (music)
khó	/xo/	n. ic.	pot, ceramic vessel
khú	/xu/	n. im.	blister(s)
khikh	/xɪx/	n. an.	ram (male sheep)	pl. huyā
khin	/xɪn/	n. im.	occupation, role
khirúb	/xɪrup/	vi.	fast (abstain from eating)
lámman	/lammən/	n. an.	morning
lán	/lan/	adj.	new, young
láth	/laθ/	n. ic.	deciduous tree
lau	/laʊ̯/	n. im.	drip, drop(s)
lau	/laʊ̯/	vi.	laugh
la	/lə/	vi.	be female, be feminine
lak’im	/lək’ɪm/	n. im.	limestone
lalau	/ləlaʊ̯/	n. im.	size
lalo	/ləlɔ/	n. im.	grime, filth, muck
lalú	/ləlu/	vt.	examine, inspect, investigate, study
lang	/ləŋ/	n. im.	problem
langga	/ləŋgə/	n. im.	stickiness
langgú	/ləŋgu/	n. im.	fear, fright
langgú	/ləŋgu/	vi.	be afraid
lé	/le/	vt.	decorate, embellish, gild
léph	/leɸ/	n. an.	river mouth, river delta
leg	/lɛk/	n. im.	forest of deciduous trees
leg	/lɛk/	vi.	smile
lelí	/lɛli/	n. an.	dove, pigeon
leth	/lɛθ/	vt.	train, practice, learn
lí	/li/	vi.	be dangerous
lílā	/lilə̤/	n. an.	cloud
li	/lɪ/	vt.	pull
lin	/lɪn/	vi.	lie, recline
likh	/lɪx/	n. im.	cloth, fabric
lo	/lɔ/	vi.	come, approach (towards somewhere other than speaker or listener)
loth	/lɔθ/	n. ic.	ball, sphere
lra	/lrə/	n. an.	termite
lú	/lu/	vt.	fear, be afraid of
lu	/lʊ/	vi.	be silent
lu	/lʊ/	vt.	bar, keep out
lub	/lʊp/	adj.	thick (in dimension)
luc	/lʊʔ/	vi.	be rough (of weather or water)
luph	/lʊɸ/	n. an.	toe
má	/ma/	vt.	come, approach (towards listener)
mándú	/mandu/	n. ic.	apple tree
máse	/masɛ/	n. an.	grasshopper
mai	/maɪ̯/	n. im.	flour
mai	/maɪ̯/	vt.	pray to
maiwi	/maɪ̯wɪ/	n. im.	peas
mauyí	/maʊ̯ji/	n. ic.	beehive
ma	/mə/	adj.	hard
ma	/mə/	vi.	die
mā	/mə̤/	n. an.	elephant
mac	/məʔ/	n. ic.	individual rock, piece of stone, stone block
mad	/mət/	vi.	be tired
mag	/mək/	n. im.	sense of taste
mag	/mək/	vt.	taste, try (of food or drink)
mak’íkh	/mək’ix/	n. ic.	individual crystal, piece of crystal
malā	/mələ̤/	n. an.	turtle
mam	/məm/	n. im.	earth, dirt
mama	/məmə/	vi.	be lonely
mamā	/məmə̤/	n. im.	turtle shell, armor
mamikh	/məmɪx/	vt.	turn, rotate, revert
mamúth	/məmuθ/	n. an.	lip
man	/mən/	n. an.	day
mandag	/məndək/	n. an.	equinox
mandú	/məndu/	n. im.	apple orchard, grove of apple trees
mane	/mənɛ/	n. ic.	sleeve, leg (of pants)
manggai	/məŋgaɪ̯/	vi.	pray, meditate
manggob	/məŋgɔp/	n. an.	winter solstice
masca	/məsʔə/	n. ic.	piece of gypsum
mbang	/mbəŋ/	n. ic.	nest (of birds)
mbí	/mbi/	n. im.	metal
mbi	/mbɪ/	vi.	grow up, become an adult
mbō	/mbɔ̤/	n. im.	scales (of a reptile)
mé	/me/	n. im.	dew
mén	/men/	vi.	look, look around
méng	/meŋ/	vt.	plot, conspire, scheme
me	/mɛ/	vt.	tell, say towards
mekhsang	/mɛxsəŋ/	n. im.	belief, faith, religion
mhásath	/m̥asəθ/	n. an.	duck
mháth	/m̥aθ/	n. im.	egg(s)
mha	/m̥ə/	adj.	alone
mhac	/m̥əʔ/	vt.	slaughter
mhalath	/m̥ələθ/	n. im.	asters (type of star-shaped flower)
mhawō	/m̥əwɔ̤/	n. im.	ditch(es)
mhakh	/m̥əx/	num.	first
mhath	/m̥əθ/	n. im.	stars
mhírí	/m̥iri/	n. im.	age, epoch, long time, long period
mhô	/m̥o̤/	vt.	order, command, instruct
mho	/m̥ɔ/	vt.	cover
mhōb	/m̥ɔ̤p/	n. im.	rash(es), hives, breakout, acne
mhokh	/m̥ɔx/	n. im.	valley
mholókh	/m̥ɔlox/	n. im.	lilies (type of flower)
mhuwong	/m̥ʊwɔŋ/	n. im.	nut(s)
mí	/mi/	n. an.	deer
mi	/mɪ/	vt.	hold, grasp, catch
mikh	/mɪx/	vi.	turn around
mimbíc	/mɪmbiʔ/	vi.	turn the tables, seize the advantage (in a negotiation or confrontation)
mirô	/mɪro̤/	vi.	be unimportant
mlau	/mlaʊ̯/	vi.	be bad, behave badly
mlan	/mlən/	n. im.	bay
mō	/mɔ̤/	vi.	be important
mrai	/mraɪ̯/	n. im.	fingernail(s)
mro	/mrɔ/	pron.	it
mrú	/mru/	n. ic.	single hair, whisker, eyelash
mú	/mu/	vt.	knead
múmbú	/mumbu/	n. im.	dandelions
múmú	/mumu/	n. im.	flowers
músandai	/musəndaɪ̯/	n. im.	bed of strawberries
múwe	/muwɛ/	n. im.	cider (alcohol made from apples)
múwong	/muwɔŋ/	n. im.	apple(s)
muc	/mʊʔ/	vt.	confuse
mummug	/mʊmmʊk/	n. an.	squirrel
mun	/mʊn/	n. ic.	spring, well
mung	/mʊŋ/	pron.	you
muyac	/mʊjəʔ/	n. im.	quartz
mwímbōm	/mwimbɔ̤m/	n. im.	bark cloth
mwi	/mwɪ/	n. an.	sun
myid	/mjɪt/	vi.	be brave, be courageous
ná	/na/	vt.	exceed, surpass, be greater than
nám	/nam/	n. im.	excitement
nám	/nam/	vi.	be excited
nai	/naɪ̯/	n. ic.	bed, sleeping place
nau	/naʊ̯/	vi.	cry, scream
na	/nə/	conj.	and, with (of noun phrases)
na	/nə/	pron.	I, me
nā	/nə̤/	qtf.	all
nakh	/nəx/	n. an.	mare (female horse; less marked)	pl. kan
nakh	/nəx/	n. im.	wish(es)
nakh	/nəx/	vt.	wish, hope
namba	/nəmbə/	n. im.	garden, yard
nandi	/nəndɪ/	n. ac.	group
nandin	/nəndɪn/	n. ac.	herd of goats
nanduth	/nəndʊθ/	n. ic.	battle, skirmish
nanakh	/nənəx/	n. an.	foal (horse offspring)	pl. fanan
naneb	/nənɛp/	n. im.	wealth, prosperity
naneb	/nənɛp/	vi.	be rich, prosper
nanú	/nənu/	n. an.	steam
nangkda	/nəŋkʰtə/	n. an.	smoke
narékh	/nərex/	n. an.	magic
nasîm	/nəsi̤m/	n. an.	stepparent
nath	/nəθ/	n. im.	teeth
nath	/nəθ/	qtf.	both
nāwe	/nə̤wɛ/	n. im.	perry (alcohol made from pears)
ndá	/nda/	n. an.	tiger
ndá	/nda/	vt.	succeed at
ndáph	/ndaɸ/	adj.	weak
ndai	/ndaɪ̯/	vt.	know (a person), be acquainted with
ndé	/nde/	qtf.	a lot
ndiŋai	/ndɪŋaɪ̯/	vi.	be unknown
ndó	/ndo/	vi.	stand up (from sitting or lying)
né	/ne/	vi.	be safe
neb	/nɛp/	vt.	own, possess
nec	/nɛʔ/	vi.	win, be victorious
neth	/nɛθ/	n. an.	kitten
nhándú	/n̥andu/	n. im.	wall(s) (of a house)
nhau	/n̥aʊ̯/	n. ic.	altar
nhāwong	/n̥ə̤wɔŋ/	n. im.	pear(s)
nhe	/n̥ɛ/	n. an.	tail
nhí	/n̥i/	vi.	sink
nhig	/n̥ɪk/	n. im.	beard, facial hair
nhikh	/n̥ɪx/	n. an.	foot
nhothngú	/n̥ɔθŋu/	n. ic./n. im.	pants, trousers, lower body clothing
nhúyac	/n̥ujəʔ/	n. ic.	mudbrick
nhu	/n̥ʊ/	dem.	the other
nhug	/n̥ʊk/	n. im.	marsh
nhūsaye	/n̥ʊ̤səjɛ/	n. ic.	corner
nílob	/nilɔp/	n. an.	winter
nínggí	/niŋgi/	n. an.	autumn
níp’i	/nip’ɪ/	n. an.	spring
ni	/nɪ/	qtf.	many
nin	/nɪn/	n. an.	nannygoat (female goat; less marked)
ninanin	/nɪnənɪn/	n. an.	kid (goat offspring)
nithdau	/nɪθtaʊ̯/	n. ic.	incisor, front tooth
nithtam	/nɪθtʰəm/	n. ic.	molar, back tooth
nle	/nlɛ/	vi.	float
nonnong	/nɔnnɔŋ/	n. an.	girl	pl. cí
nono	/nɔnɔ/	n. an.	seagull
nonggín	/nɔŋgin/	n. ic.	notch, nock (of an arrow)
núngú	/nuŋu/	n. ic./n. im.	shirt, upper body clothing
núsang	/nusəŋ/	n. im.	evidence, proof
nu	/nʊ/	vt.	push
nūfai	/nʊ̤faɪ̯/	n. im.	cliff(s)
nūrau	/nʊ̤raʊ̯/	n. im.	bandage(s)
nuth	/nʊθ/	vi.	serve, be a servant
núb	/nup/	vi.	wake up
nwed	/nwɛt/	n. im.	south
nyô	/njo̤/	n. ic.	pearl
ngai	/ŋaɪ̯/	qtf.	a little
ngai	/ŋaɪ̯/	vt.	seek, look for
ngaungau	/ŋaʊ̯ŋaʊ̯/	n. an	chick, bird offspring, baby bird
nga	/ŋə/	n. im.	milk
ngan	/ŋən/	n. an.	nose
nganí	/ŋəni/	vi.	drown
nganga	/ŋəŋə/	n. an.	frog
ngangalau	/ŋəŋəlaʊ̯/	vt.	boil
ngangú	/ŋəŋu/	vt.	notice, take note, note
ngaphkí	/ŋəɸkʰi/	n. an.	owl species
ngath	/ŋəθ/	n. an.	nipple
ngāth	/ŋə̤θ/	n. im.	stain, blot, blemish, colored spot
ngêleth	/ŋe̤lɛθ/	n. ic.	hearth, firepit
nggim	/ŋgɪm/	n. an.	light, shine, glow, rays
nggim	/ŋgɪm/	vi.	shine
nghau	/ŋ̊aʊ̯/	vi.	sit
ngha	/ŋ̊ə/	adj.	soft
nghelí	/ŋ̊ɛli/	n. an.	heron
nghō	/ŋ̊ɔ̤/	vt.	dislike
nghob	/ŋ̊ɔp/	n. an.	evening
ngholób	/ŋ̊ɔlop/	n. an	firefly
nghú	/ŋ̊u/	vi.	appear, become visible
ngí	/ŋi/	vi.	be kind
nglau	/ŋlaʊ̯/	vt.	cook
ngláth	/ŋlaθ/	n. ic.	dot, mark, blemish
ngôth	/ŋo̤θ/	vt.	pick (of berries, fruits)
ngofán	/ŋɔfan/	n. im.	rapids (of a river)
ngú	/ŋu/	n. im.	sight, vision
ngú	/ŋu/	vt.	see
ngúfamo	/ŋufəmɔ/	n. im.	clothes
ngúth	/ŋuθ/	n. im.	vengeance, intense rage, vendetta, feud, blood feud, revenge
ngu	/ŋʊ/	n. im.	east
ngub	/ŋʊp/	vi.	become old
ngyen	/ŋjɛn/	n. an.	vagina
o	/ɔ/	conj.	and
ō	/ɔ̤/	vt.	forbid, ban
p’aisani	/p’aɪ̯sənɪ/	n. im.	majority
p’ac	/p’əʔ/	n. im.	feathers, coat of feathers
p’amba	/p'əmbə/	n. an.	grandfather
p’an	/p’ən/	adj.	long
p’ang	/p’əŋ/	vt.	be diagonal to
p’andí	/p'əndi/	n. ic.	spear
p’ath	/p’əθ/	vt.	kiss
p’e	/p’ɛ/	vi.	be male, be masculine
p’eyac	/p’ɛjəʔ/	n. im.	granite
p’í	/p’i/	vt.	wage, conduct, venture, attempt
p’íth	/p’iθ/	vt.	influence
p’i	/p’ɪ/	vi.	grow
p’id	/p’ɪt/	n. im.	acorn(s)
p’ig	/p'ɪk/	vi.	be public
p’ikh	/p’ɪx/	num.	one
p’iph	/p’ɪɸ/	n. an.	mite
p’iríg	/p'ɪrik/	vi.	be secret
p’o	/p’ɔ/	n. an.	descendant
p’olóm	/p’ɔlom/	n. an.	lion
p’om	/p’ɔm/	n. ic.	hat, headgear
p’om	/p'ɔm/	vi.	be noble
p’oth	/p’ɔθ/	vt.	donate, give freely, give as a gift
p’ub	/p’ʊp/	vt.	be parallel to
p’un	/p’ʊn/	adj.	high, tall
p’ungk’a	/p’ʊŋk’ə/	n. im.	mountain range, mountain(s)
pád	/pʰat/	n. an.	child
pándad	/pʰandət/	n. ac.	group of children, all the children, ones children
pai	/pʰaɪ̯/	vi.	depart, leave, go away (from somewhere other than speaker or listener)
pau	/pʰaʊ̯/	vt.	find, discover, invent
pa	/pʰə/	vt.	change
pakh	/pʰəx/	adj.	sick (of living things), rotten (of food and other goods)
pamban	/pʰəmbən/	vt.	clean up
pan	/pʰən/	vt.	wash, clean
pdékh	/pʰtex/	n. an.	soul, spirit	pl. sa
pe	/pʰɛ/	n. im.	beer
pēc	/pʰɛ̤ʔ/	vt.	receive in trade
peg	/pʰɛk/	vt.	thank
pekh	/pʰɛx/	vi.	not, be not
pgo	/pʰkɔ/	n. ic.	stick
pí	/pʰi/	vi.	jump, leap
pílath	/pʰiləθ/	n. im.	grove of beech trees
píyi	/pʰijɪ/	n. ic.	beech tree
pim	/pʰɪm/	vi.	be talented, have talent
ping	/pʰɪŋ/	vt.	like
plíc	/pʰliʔ/	vi.	taste salty
pó	/pʰo/	vt.	reply, respond
pú	/pʰu/	n. an.	friend, companion
púyad	/pʰujət/	n. an.	orphan
púyú	/pʰuju/	n. an.	enemy (a person)
pung	/pʰʊŋ/	n. im.	fate, destiny
pwa	/pʰwə/	n. an.	maternal uncle
pwekh	/pʰwɛx/	vt.	refuse, deny
pwing	/pʰwɪŋ/	vt.	love
phau	/ɸaʊ̯/	n. ic.	hammer
phau	/ɸaʊ̯/	num.	four
pha	/ɸə/	vt.	row
phā	/ɸə̤/	n. im.	dough
phén	/ɸen/	n. ic.	oak tree
phem	/ɸɛm/	vt.	bake
phi	/ɸɪ/	vt.	go between, pass between, be between
phid	/ɸɪt/	n. im.	oak woodland
phing	/ɸɪŋ/	vi.	be peaceful
phó	/ɸo/	vt.	overlook, offer a view of
phom	/ɸɔm/	n. an.	head
phú	/ɸu/	n. im.	north
phúngan	/ɸuŋən/	n. an.	trunk (of an elephant or anteater)
phúyâi	/ɸuja̤ɪ̯/	n. an.	midday, noon
phundú	/ɸʊndu/	vt.	close
rán	/ran/	vi.	undress, go naked, denude
rai	/raɪ̯/	vi.	yawn, gape
railau	/raɪ̯laʊ̯/	n. an.	rain
raisau	/raɪ̯saʊ̯/	n. ic.	circle
raiyâi	/raɪ̯ja̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	sap
ra	/rə/	n. im.	power, influence, ability, strength
ra	/rə/	vt.	exert influence on, have an impact on
rag	/rək/	n. an.	cow (female bovine)
rakh	/rəx/	n. an.	wing
ralai	/rəlaɪ̯/	n. im.	fungus, mushroom(s), fairy ring
rama	/rəmə/	vt.	kill
ramamwi	/rəməmwɪ/	n. an.	sunset, sundown, late afternoon
ramba	/rəmbə/	n. an.	paternal aunt
randag	/rəndək/	n. ac.	herd of cows, herd of cattle
randau	/rəndaʊ̯/	n. im.	plain (geographical)
rangammwi	/rəŋəmmwɪ/	n. an.	daybreak, sunrise, dawn
ranggé	/rəŋge/	vi.	be poor
ranggeth	/rəŋgɛθ/	n. an.	ember
ranggí	/rəŋgi/	n. an.	summer solstice
raríth	/rəriθ/	vt.	attack, assault
rayacau	/rəjəʔaʊ̯/	n. an.	puppy
rayag	/rəjək/	n. an.	calf (bovine offspring)
rayirú	/rəjɪru/	vt.	curse
rayu	/rəjʊ/	vt.	bless
re	/rɛ/	vt.	lack, miss, be without
rendá	/rɛnda/	n. an.	newt
reph	/rɛɸ/	n. an.	boy	pl. mhe
ríkh	/rix/	vi.	flow, blow (of gasses or liquids)
ríwau	/riwaʊ̯/	n. an.	freezing cold, freezing weather
ríyān	/rijə̤n/	n. an.	male fox
ri	/rɪ/	n. an.	jaw
riph	/rɪɸ/	n. im.	salt
rlú	/rlu/	vt.	convince, persuade
ró	/ro/	adj.	big
rócau	/roʔaʊ̯/	n. ic.	shield
rócókh	/roʔox/	n. an.	queen, matriarch
rócoth	/roʔɔθ/	n. an.	royal couple
rófu	/rofʊ/	n. an.	storm
rók’ē	/rok’ɛ̤/	n. ic.	barrel
róla	/rolə/	n. an.	raven
rólí	/roli/	n. an.	king, ruler, chieftain
rómac	/roməʔ/	n. ic.	megalith
rómbáth	/rombaθ/	n. ic.	palace, majesting house, dwelling of king/chieftain
rómbāth	/rombə̤θ/	n. im.	town; large, permanent village
rómbí	/rombi/	n. im.	silver
róndí	/rondi/	n. an.	year
rórang	/rorəŋ/	n. im.	promise(s), oath(s), pledge(s)
róyān	/rojə̤n/	n. im.	full moon
rôyang	/ro̤jəŋ/	n. im.	elation, joy
rôyuyang	/ro̤jʊjəŋ/	n. im.	depression, despair, tragedy
ro	/rɔ/	vi.	be special, unique, one-of-a-kind
ro	/rɔ/	vt.	choose, select, settle on, adopt
rob	/rɔp/	n. an.	language
ron	/rɔn/	vt.	recite, tell (a story)
rú	/ru/	aux. v.	cause
rú	/ru/	vi.	be deaf
rúmbú	/rumbu/	n. an.	wrist
ru	/rʊ/	adj.	holy, sacred
rū	/rʊ̤/	vi.	be content, be fullfilled
rub	/rʊp/	vt.	roast
rūm	/rʊ̤m/	vt.	feed
rumban	/rʊmbən/	n. im.	soap
rusú	/rʊsu/	n. an.	ancestor
ruth	/rʊθ/	n. an.	mouth
rwau	/rwaʊ̯/	vt.	amuse, joke with, make laugh
rwilí	/rwɪli/	n. ic.	mask
ryang	/rjəŋ/	vt.	please, make happy
sá	/sa/	vt.	hide
sáb	/sap/	n. an.	flood
sácau	/saʔaʊ̯/	n. an.	bitch, female dog (less marked)
sáng	/saŋ/	n. ic.	coniferous tree
sáph	/saɸ/	vi.	rest
sásá	/sasa/	n. an.	lizard
sai	/saɪ̯/	n. im.	word(s), utterance(s), question(s)
sai	/saɪ̯/	vt.	ask, question, interrogate
sau	/saʊ̯/	n. im.	shape(s)
sau	/saʊ̯/	n. im.	sense of smell
sau	/saʊ̯/	vt.	smell, perceive a scent
sâu	/sa̤ʊ̯/	vt.	add, mix in
saurai	/saʊ̯raɪ̯/	n. an.	wet snow
sa	/sə/	num.	six
sa	/sə/	vi.	rattle, clatter
sa	/sə/	vt.	sculpt, put together, mold
sad	/sət/	n. im.	time, duration
sac	/səʔ/	vt.	keep, retain, hold onto
sacub	/səʔʊp/	n. im.	meal(s)
sacud	/səʔʊt/	n. im.	spoils, booty, loot, plunder
safai	/səfaɪ̯/	n. im.	source, origin
safeg	/səfɛk/	n. im.	thanks
safwing	/səfwɪŋ/	n. im.	love
sag	/sək/	n. an.	night
sakh	/səx/	n. an.	animal, creature
sālath	/sə̤ləθ/	n. im.	pear orchard, grove of pear trees
salcu	/səlʔʊ/	n. im.	destruction, ruin
saleng	/səlɛŋ/	n. im.	leftovers, remains
salî	/səli̤/	n. im.	wonder
salíth	/səliθ/	n. im.	justice, law enforcement
salú	/səlu/	n. im.	center, middle
sambá	/səmba/	n. ic.	individual plant
samba	/səmbə/	n. im.	vegetation, plant(s)
sambi	/səmbɪ/	n. im.	crop(s)
sama	/səmə/	n. im.	death
samam	/səməm/	n. im.	clay
same	/səmɛ/	n. im.	news, message(s)
samid	/səmɪt/	n. im.	offering, sacrifice (not a person or animal)
samô	/səmo̤/	n. im.	order(s), command(s), instruction(s)
sān	/sə̤n/	vi.	teach, be a teacher
sanān	/sənə̤n/	vt.	teach (something)
sandai	/səndaɪ̯/	n. im.	grass
sandí	/səndi/	n. ac.	line of succession, heirs
sandí	/səndi/	n. im.	painting(s), mural(s), man made art
sani	/sənɪ/	n. im.	quantity
sang	/səŋ/	n. im.	truth
sāng	/sə̤ŋ/	n. im.	coniferous tree forest
sangga	/səŋgə/	vi.	be sticky
sanggi	/səŋgɪ/	n. im.	warning(s)
sarāth	/sərə̤θ/	n. im.	storage, inventory
saríph	/səɾiɸ/	n. im.	hate
saríph	/səɾiɸ/	n. im.	offense(s), insult(s)
saríth	/səriθ/	n. im.	arguement
sascakh	/səsʔəx/	n. an.	sacrificial animal
sasau	/səsaʊ̯/	n. im.	swamp
sasa	/səsə/	n. an.	sister
sasí	/səsi/	n. im.	dance(s), game(s) (for playing)
sasi	/səsɪ/	n. im.	urine
sath	/səθ/	num.	twelve
saswo	/səswɔ/	n. ic.	ladder
sawau	/səwaʊ̯/	n. im.	smell
sawa	/səwə/	n. im.	similarity
sawem	/səwɛm/	n. im.	baked goods
sawi	/səwɪ/	n. ic.	cloak
sawing	/səwɪŋ/	n. im.	peace
sawó	/səwo/	n. ic.	window
sawong	/səwɔŋ/	n. im.	song
sawú	/səwu/	n. an.	fist
sawú	/səwu/	n. im.	vigil, patrol, watch
sawum	/səwʊm/	n. an.	late winter/early spring
sayā	/səjə̤/	n. im.	turnip(s)
sayāng	/səjə̤ŋ/	n. im.	wound(s)
saye	/səjɛ/	n. im.	angle, curve, bend
sayec	/səjɛʔ/	n. im.	end, ending, culmination
sayen	/səjɛn/	n. im.	music
sayî	/səji̤/	n. im.	harvest
sayî	/səji̤/	n. im.	respect
sayîc	/səji̤ʔ/	n. im.	rape
sayîm	/səji̤m/	n. an.	marriage
sékh	/sex/	n. an.	flea
sêyâi	/se̤ja̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	coast
se	/sɛ/	qtf.	no, none
sec	/sɛʔ/	vt.	finish, complete
sen	/sɛn/	n. im.	fight, conflict
seph	/sɛɸ/	vt.	spill
seth	/sɛθ/	n. an.	shooting star
sí	/si/	vi.	lead, guide, be a leader
sí	/si/	vt.	pierce
sî	/si̤/	vt.	harvest
síng	/siŋ/	n. an.	worm
síph	/siɸ/	n. in.	dung
sísaye	/sisəjɛ/	n. an.	elbow
síyala	/sijələ/	n. ic./n. im.	willow tree, grove of willows
si	/sɪ/	vi.	urinate
sib	/sɪp/	n. im.	war(s)
sikh	/sɪx/	n. im.	type, kind
sīláth	/sɪ̤laθ/	n. ic.	pear tree
sīlúph	/sɪ̤luɸ/	n. ic.	straight line
siph	/sɪɸ/	adj.	thin (in dimension), narrow
siph	/sɪɸ/	vt.	go though, pass through
siphsikh	/sɪɸsɪx/	n. an.	calf, lower leg
siphxú	/sɪɸχu/	n. im.	sinew(s), (length of) string
sirú	/sɪru/	vt.	loosen, untie
sith	/sɪθ/	n. im.	soup, stew, porridge, mush
siya	/sɪjə/	n. an.	louse
slúsau	/slusaʊ̯/	n. ic.	rectangle, square
só	/so/	vi.	stand (used as a general copula)
sóndo	/sondɔ/	vt.	put, place, position
sóri	/sorɪ/	n. ac.	male genitalia (collectively), testicles and scrotum
sówai	/sowaɪ̯/	n. im.	beans
so	/sɔ/	vt.	get, receive
sō	/sɔ̤/	adv.	there
sob	/sɔp/	n. an.	tongue
sokhwuth	/sɔxwʊθ/	n. im.	shoal, shallow (in a body of water)
soléndai	/sɔlendaɪ̯/	n. an.	grass snake
soth	/sɔθ/	vt.	give
srau	/sraʊ̯/	vi.	fly
sréth	/sreθ/	n. ic.	barn, corral, housing for animals
srundau	/srʊndaʊ̯/	vt.	throw, shoot (of an arrow or similar projectile)
stoth	/stɔθ/	qtf.	neither
sú	/su/	vi.	go upstream, go uphill, take the more difficult course of action
sú	/su/	vt.	watch, look at
súfōm	/sufɔ̤m/	n. an.	waist
súk’ā	/suk’ə̤/	n. im.	worry, anxiety
súkh	/sux/	vi.	be slow
súmam	/suməm/	n. im.	mud
súrí	/suri/	n. an.	shoulder	pl. tóth
súrī	/surɪ̤/	n. im.	intention(s), plan(s)
súsú	/susu/	n. an.	bat
súyan	/sujən/	n. im.	glacier
su	/sʊ/	adj.	near, nearby, close, neighboring
su	/sʊ/	vt.	bind, tie
sub	/sʊp/	n. an.	cheek
sug	/sʊk/	n. im.	pool, pond
suph	/sʊɸ/	vt.	punch
suphsíng	/sʊɸsiŋ/	n. an.	snail
suyang	/sʊjəŋ/	n. im.	lie(s)
swam	/swəm/	n. im.	liquid, fluid
swo	/swɔ/	vi.	climb, ascend
syai	/sjaɪ̯/	vt.	demand
syan	/sjən/	vi.	get up (from sitting or lying), rise
syó	/sjo/	vt.	wait for, await
syo	/sjɔ/	vt.	chase, pursue
t’á	/t’a/	vi.	exist
t’án	/t’an/	vi.	become wet, be wet
t’ándeph	/t’andɛɸ/	n. ac.	swarm of insects, colony of insects
t’ai	/t’aɪ̯/	n. im.	reason(s), motive(s), explanation
t’auwe	/t’aʊ̯wɛ/	n. im.	wine
t’auwong	/t’aʊ̯wɔŋ/	n. im.	grapes
t’a	/t’ə/	vi.	be easy
t’ā	/t’ə̤/	vt.	bite
t’anda	/t’əndə/	n. an.	grandmother
t’ang	/t’əŋ/	adv.	then (in the future)
t’é	/t’e/	vt.	split, cleave, divide
t’éph	/t’eɸ/	n. an.	bug, insect
t’e	/t’ɛ/	qtf.	any
t’í	/t’i/	n. an.	thumb
t’í	/t’i/	vt.	paint, color, dye
t’ím	/t’im/	n. im.	powder
t’íth	/t’iθ/	vt.	shake
t’i	/t’ɪ/	vi.	come, approach (towards speaker)
t’ikhsau	/t’ɪxsaʊ̯/	n. ic.	triangle (shape)
t’in	/t’ɪn/	n. im.	wool
t’ing	/t’ɪŋ/	n. an.	claw
t’irá	/t’ɪra/	vi.	be difficult
t’ith	/t’ɪθ/	n. im.	petals, blossoms
t’o	/t’ɔ/	vi.	be quiet
t’oth	/t’ɔθ/	qtf.	either
t’únda	/t’undə/	vt.	make, create
t’ub	/t’ʊp/	n. an.	monkey
t’uc	/t’ʊʔ/	num.	three
t’ukh	/t’ʊx/	vt.	know (facts, how to do something)
tá	/tʰa/	vi.	work
tâ	/tʰa̤/	n. an.	lightning, lightning bolt(s)
tácā	/tʰaʔə̤/	n. an.	earthworm
támbú	/tʰambu/	n. an.	palm of the hand
tánikh	/tʰanɪx/	n. an.	sole of the foot
tásokh	/tʰasɔx/	n. ic.	pine tree
táth	/tʰaθ/	vt.	look forward to, be excited for
tai	/tʰaɪ̯/	vt.	say, speak (something)
tau	/tʰaʊ̯/	adj.	cold
tau	/tʰaʊ̯/	vt.	cut
tâu	/tʰa̤ʊ̯/	vt.	stack, pile up
tauk’ith	/tʰauk’ɪθ/	n. im.	frost
tauyâu	/tʰaʊ̯ja̤ʊ̯/	n. im.	shadow, shade
tauyê	/tʰaʊ̯je̤/	n. im.	land
ta	/tʰə/	vt.	dig
tac	/tʰəʔ/	vt.	separate, disconnect
taca	/tʰəʔə/	n. an.	earlobe
takh	/tʰəx/	vt.	rob, steal; pillage, sack
tambau	/tʰəmbaʊ̯/	vt.	cross
tambú	/tʰəmbu/	n. an.	collaborator, colleague
tambu	/tʰəmbʊ/	vi.	swim, keep afloat
tān	/tʰə̤n/	vt.	prove
tang	/tʰəŋ/	vt.	talk to, chat with
tasokh	/tʰəsɔx/	n. im.	pine forest, pine trees
tat’am	/tʰət’əm/	vt.	be full of
tat’íth	/tʰət’iθ/	n. an.	earthquake
tat’in	/tʰət’ɪn/	n. an.	lamb (sheep offspring)
tat’oth	/tʰət’ɔθ/	qtf.	any of the three
tath	/tʰəθ/	n. an.	rabbit
té	/tʰe/	n. ic.	bridge
ténggiph	/tʰeŋgɪɸ/	vt.	commit incest
tēm	/tʰɛ̤m/	n. im.	courage, bravery
terēkh	/tʰɛrɛ̤x/	n. im.	gold
tgi	/tʰkɪ/	pron.	them (paucal)
tí	/tʰi/	n. an.	arm
tí	/tʰi/	vt.	play with; dance
tíd	/tʰit/	adv.	here
tíyā	/tʰijə̤/	n. im.	charcoal, coal(s) (of a fire)
ti	/tʰɪ/	n. im.	food
tī	/tʰɪ̤/	n. im.	idea(s), notion(s), purpose(s)
tīk’ith	/tʰɪ̤k’ɪθ/	n. an.	spine, backbone, vertebrae
tin	/tʰɪn/	vt.	believe, accept as truth
tiph	/tʰɪɸ/	n. im.	temporary shelter, tent(s)
tiwom	/tʰɪwɔm/	n. an.	neck
tiyau	/tʰɪjaʊ̯/	n. im.	island(s)
tmung	/tʰm̥ʊŋ/	pron.	you (paucal)
tna	/tʰn̥ə/	pron.	us (paucal)
tna	/tʰn̥ə/	qtf.	all three
tní	/tʰn̥i/	n. an.	fly
tngí	/tʰŋ̊i/	n. im.	rule(s), law(s)
tó	/tʰo/	n. im.	poison
to	/tʰɔ/	pron.	it, they, all of it, all of them (inanimate)
tōc	/tʰɔ̤ʔ/	n. an.	stallion (male horse)	pl. kin
tog	/tʰɔk/	n. an.	ant
tokh	/tʰɔx/	n. im.	wood (material)
trai	/tʰraɪ̯/	vt.	declare, announce, proclaim
tra	/tʰrə/	vt.	plow, till
tre	/tʰrɛ/	qtf.	none of the three
tú	/tʰu/	vt.	start, begin
tû	/tʰṳ/	n. an.	man, adult male human	pl. bí
túfōm	/tʰufɔ̤m/	n. im.	human body hair
tûn	/tʰṳn/	vi.	be tasty, nourishing (of food)
túsakh	/tʰusəx/	n. im.	fur(s), pelt(s), animal hair
túwom	/tʰuwɔm/	n. im.	human head hair
tu	/tʰʊ/	n. an.	fin
tulú	/tʰʊlu/	n. im.	slime, any unpleasant, viscous substance
tun	/tʰʊn/	n. an.	billygoat (male goat)
tung	/tʰʊŋ/	n. an.	chest
tung	/tʰʊŋ/	vi.	vomit
turim	/tʰʊrɪm/	n. ac.	hostile tribe or village, enemy nation
tusakh	/tʰʊsəx/	n. ac.	horde, throng, any large, disorganized group
tuwú	/tʰʊwu/	n. ac.	enemy (as a collective group), "the enemy"
tuya	/tʰʊjə/	n. im.	human feces
tuyan	/tʰʊjən/	n. an.	worthless or uncooperative person, traitor
twa	/tʰwə/	n. im.	west
twí	/tʰwi/	vt.	allow, let, permit
thá	/θa/	vi.	shiver
thám	/θam/	num.	twenty-four
thai	/θaɪ̯/	n. im.	butter
thau	/θaʊ̯/	n. im.	grape vine(s), vineyard
tha	/θə/	conj.	although
thab	/θəp/	n. an.	finger
thac	/θəʔ/	vt.	take, remove
thakh	/θəx/	n. an.	waterfall
tham	/θəm/	vt.	crush, grind
thandim	/θəndɪm/	n. ac.	family, clan, tribe, ethnic group
thandin	/θəndɪn/	n. ac.	flock of sheep and/or goats
thang	/θəŋ/	n. im.	secret(s)
thang	/θəŋ/	vt.	doubt
thaphyâi	/θəɸja̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	left side, the left (direction)
thāth	/θə̤θ/	vt.	store, keep, retain
the	/θɛ/	vi.	kneel
theb	/θɛp/	n. im.	event(s)
thekh	/θɛx/	vi.	move around, wander
theth	/θɛθ/	n. im.	copper
thí	/θi/	adj.	black, dark (in color)
thílā	/θilə̤/	n. an.	scorpion
thíph	/θiɸ/	vt.	offend, insult
thíth	/θiθ/	vt.	argue with
thíyac	/θijəʔ/	n. ic.	pestle
thíyāth	/θijə̤θ/	n. im.	black pigment, the color black
thi	/θɪ/	adv.	already
thim	/θɪm/	n. an.	person, individual
thin	/θɪn/	n. an.	ewe (female sheep; less marked)	pl. tná
thó	/θo/	adj.	strong
thónda	/θondə/	vt.	explain
thóyâu	/θoja̤ʊ̯/	n. an.	thigh
thóya	/θojə/	n. ic.	knot
thú	/θu/	n. im./ic.	thing(s), stuff
thulí	/θʊli/	n. an.	owl species
thundam	/θʊndəm/	vt.	fill, load
thuph	/θʊɸ/	n. an.	heart
thuyam	/θʊjəm/	adv.	too much, excessively
ú	/u/	n. im.	water
ú	/u/	vi.	be calm (of weather or water)
ú	/u/	vt.	intend
úlí	/uli/	n. an.	male bird
úlí	/uli/	n. im.	bile
ûnggín	/ṳŋgin/	n. ic.	bow
úyuth	/ujʊθ/	n. im.	saliva, spit
ub	/ʊp/	adj.	old
ūn	/ʊ̤n/	n. im.	life
ūn	/ʊ̤n/	vi.	live
undí	/ʊndi/	n. an.	legend, story
ung	/ʊŋ/	n. im.	help, assistance
ung	/ʊŋ/	vt.	help, assist
uph	/ʊɸ/	vt.	hear
ūph	/ʊ̤ɸ/	n. im.	sense of hearing
uwa	/ʊwə/	n. an.	breeze, gust of wind
uwōndum	/ʊwɔ̤ndʊm/	n. im.	the world, Akana
uwōngk’uth	/ʊwɔ̤ŋk’ʊθ/	n. an.	crotch, groin area
uwūb	/ʊwʊ̤p/	n. ac.	council, advisers to a ruler
wai	/waɪ̯/	n. im.	wheat, grain in general
wai	/waɪ̯/	vi.	be ready, get ready, prepare
waifu	/waɪ̯fʊ/	n. an.	breath
wait’ā	/waɪ̯t’ə̤/	n. an.	wasp
wau	/waʊ̯/	n. an.	fingertip
wa	/wə/	vt.	deserve
wā	/wə̤/	vt.	guard, protect, nurture, raise (dependent)
wam	/wəm/	n. im.	fertile soil
wan	/wən/	n. im.	force, pressure
warū	/wərʊ̤/	vt.	defeat
wath	/wəθ/	qtf.	the entire
wathsiya	/wəθsɪjə/	n. im.	nit(s) (louse eggs)
Wekh	/wɛx/	n. an.	chthonic god of wisdom and magic
welā	/wɛlə̤/	n. ic.	spider web
wí	/wi/	pron.	you (plural)
wí	/wi/	vt.	lose, misplace
wikh	/wɪx/	n. im.	rope(s)
wikhfi	/wɪxfɪ/	n. im.	blanket(s)
wiróph	/wɪroɸ/	vi.	be hungry
withgén	/wɪθken/	n. ic.	shaft (of an arrow)
withtí	/wɪθtʰi/	n. ic.	shaft (of a spear), handle (of a long-hafted tool)
wlanú	/wlənu/	n. im.	mortar (construction material)
wo	/wɔ/	vt.	use
wob	/wɔp/	vi.	be lazy, unhelpful, useless
wōc	/wɔ̤ʔ/	n. im.	value, price
won	/wɔn/	adv.	rather, somewhat
woph	/wɔɸ/	vi.	be full (of food)
wōscayîm	/wɔ̤sʔəji̤m/	n. im.	brideprice
woth	/wɔθ/	n. an.	kidney
wōyî	/wɔ̤ji̤/	n. im.	fish skin, fish scales
wra	/wrə/	vt.	commit
wú	/wu/	n. an.	bladder
wú	/wu/	vi.	slip, slide
xám	/χam/	n. an.	centipede, millipede
xai	/χaɪ̯/	n. an.	wave (of water), splash
xaundum	/χaʊ̯ndʊm/	n. im.	seashell(s)
xa	/χə/	n. im.	guts, innards
xa	/χə/	vt.	step on, step toward
xad	/χət/	n. im.	ashes
xāmbú	/χə̤mbu/	n. an.	twilight
xamen	/χəmɛn/	n. ic.	weapon, sword
xaníb	/χənip/	n. an.	scabies
xcúph	/χʔuɸ/	n. an.	cockroach
xí	/χi/	vi.	burn
xíwūn	/χiwʊ̤n/	n. an.	widow, widower
xó	/χo/	n. ic.	table
xo	/χɔ/	n. im.	omen(s), portent(s)
xob	/χɔp/	n. an.	darkness
xon	/χɔn/	n. an.	game (hunted animal)
xoxolég	/χɔχɔlek/	n. an.	piglet
xri	/χrɪ/	n. an.	stomach
xúlin	/χulɪn/	n. im.	quest, mission, task
xúsalú	/χusəlu/	n. an.	torso, trunk of the body
xusang	/χʊsəŋ/	n. im.	fact(s)
xwi	/χwɪ/	vt.	kindle, ignite, burn
yai	/jaɪ̯/	n. ic.	boat, raft
yâi	/ja̤ɪ̯/	n. im.	edge, margin, border
yaica	/jaɪ̯ʔə/	n. ic.	earring
yairí	/jaɪ̯ri/	n. ic.	armband
yairi	/jaɪ̯rɪ/	n. ic.	necklace
yairub	/jaɪ̯rʊp/	n. ic.	finger ring
yau	/jaʊ̯/	adj.	deep
yaulalai	/jaʊ̯ləlaɪ̯/	n. im.	bottom (of a body of water)
ya	/jə/	adj.	previous, one before
ya	/jə/	int.	hail! goodbye!
ya	/jə/	vi.	hail, greet, say goodbye
yā	/jə̤/	n. im.	cream
yakh	/jəx/	n. an.	throat
yale	/jəlɛ/	n. im.	intestine, rectum
yammokh	/jəmmɔx/	n. im.	flat grassland, meadow, pasture
yan	/jən/	adj.	next
yan	/jən/	n. an.	ice
yaŋ	/jəŋ/	n. im.	happiness
yaŋ	/jəŋ/	vi.	be happy
yayílí	/jəjili/	n. im.	vomit
ye	/jɛ/	vt.	bend
yēcú	/jɛ̤ʔu/	n. im.	glass (vitreous substances produced as byproducts of bronze smelting)
yeg	/jɛk/	vi.	sleep
yēk’í	/jɛ̤k’i/	n. im.	red obsidian
yen	/jɛn/	vt.	have sex with
yēt’í	/jɛ̤t’i/	n. im.	black obsidian
yeth	/jɛθ/	vt.	think, reflect, consider, assume
yí	/ji/	vi.	be thirsty
yí	/ji/	vt.	chew
yímú	/jimu/	n. an.	bee
yîyē	/ji̤jɛ̤/	n. im.	texture
yo	/jɔ/	vt.	wear (of clothing, armor)
yoth	/jɔθ/	n. ic.	oven
yub	/jʊp/	vi.	be awake
yuc	/jʊʔ/	n. im.	emptiness, air
yunduc	/jʊndʊʔ/	vt.	empty, unload
yuyang	/jʊjəŋ/	n. im.	sadness
yuyang	/jʊjəŋ/	vi.	be sad

Serial Verb Constructions

MT	Transitivity	gloss	notes
ba tí	tr.	imitate	"be similar to play with"
bwác xí	intr.	have a fever	"suffer burn"
cam t’irá	intr.	limp	"walk be difficult"
cau su	tr.	trap	"trick bind"
dāph fi yo	tr.	put on (of clothes, armor)	"take wrap around wear"
fi mho sá	tr.	cover or wrap something completely	"wrap cover hide"
fundau thekh	tr.	follow	"join move around"
dāph wā	tr.	adopt (a child)	"take protect"
dāph cath t’i	tr.	bring (not a person)	"take carry come" (also used with 2nd and 3rd person motion verbs)
hau lo hú	tr.	invite	"call come meet" (also used with 1st and 2nd person motion verbs)
hau dāph	tr.	gather, summon (of people)	"call take"
hau nu	tr.	challenge, provoke	"call push"
ho hē	tr.	check, test	"touch feel"
hun bundum	tr.	mend (of cloth)	"sew fix"
k’au pēc	tr.	barter, trade	"offer and receive (in trade)"
kô so	tr.	borrow	"borrow get"
kô soth	tr.	lend	"borrow give"
ked k’e āg	tr.	punish	"judge hit hurt"
ked fai me	tr.	scold, admonish, reprimand	"judge slap tell"
lau nu	tr.	make fun of, mock, tease	"laugh push"
li rú ... soth nga	tr.	milk	"pull cause ... give milk" (ECM construction)
lin cam	intr.	crawl	"lie walk"
lo hú	tr.	visit	"come meet" (also used with 1st and 2nd person motion verbs)
mén mikh ngai	tr.	search, search for	"look turn around seek"
ngú ndai	tr.	recognize	"see know"
p’í tai	tr.	guess, suppose	"venture say"
pai yuyang	tr.	regret	"go away be sad"
pí pai	tr.	escape, flee from	"jump depart" (also used with 1st and 2nd person motion verbs)
syan keng hub yeg lo	tr.	travel to (a distant location)	"rise go from here eat sleep come to there"
syó ndai	tr.	expect, anticipate, predict	"await know"
t’o cam	intr.	sneak	"be quiet walk"
ta thāth	tr.	bury	"dig keep"
tai k’ang	tr.	promise, swear	"say stay"
tai kang	tr.	interrupt (through speaking)	"say hinder"
tai ríkh	tr.	whisper	"say blow"
tai uph yeth pó	tr.	discuss, debate, negotiate	"say hear think respond"
tau pan	tr.	peel	"cut clean"
tau thac	tr.	cut off, shave off	"cut remove"
wa so	tr.	earn	"deserve get"
wa soth	tr.	owe	"deserve give"
warū su thāth	tr.	capture, keep as a hostage	"defeat bind keep"
yeg gyai ngú	tr.	dream (about)	"sleep imagine see"
yeth pau	tr.	remember	"think find"