Kozado/Sound changes

Sound changes from Adāta to Kozado

• C = any consonant
• P = any occlusive
• Cʲ = any palatalised consonant
• V = any vowel

1. VOCALISATION OF LIQUIDS

• [l] → [u] / _#
• Vr → Vː / _#
• [u uː] → [o oː] / { {[aw];[ew];[oːw];[eːw]}_ ; _[u] }

2. FORTITION

• [w j] → [v ʒ]
• [v ʒ] → [f ʃ] / _C[-voiced]

3. PALATALISATION

• C → Cʲ / _{[i];[e]}

4. MONOPHTHONGISATION

• [aa ee ii oo uu] → [aː eː iː oː uː]
• [au eu iu ou aːu eːu iːu oːu] → [o ø y u oː øː yː uː]

5. VOWEL ELISION

• V[-stress][-long] → Ø / _#

6. LOSS OF FINAL NASALS

• [i iː u uː] → [e eː o oː] / _{[n];[nʲ]}#
• [n nʲ] → Ø / _#

7. PALATALISATION

• Ø → [j] / V_(C)Cʲ
• [tʲ tʰʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ nʲ lʲ] → [ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʃ ʒ ɲ ʎ]
• [kʲ kʰʲ gʲ ʒʲ xʲ hʲ] → [ʨ ʨʰ ʥ ʑ ɕ ɕ]

8. MONOPHTHONGISATION

• [aj ej øj ij yj oj uj] → [e i y iː yː ø y]
• [aːj eːj øːj iːj yːj oːj uːj] → [eː iː yː iː yː øː yː]

9. LENITION OF FRICATIVES

• [h] → Ø
• [s x] → [h]
• [h] → Ø / _#

10. DEPALATALISATION

• Cʲ → C
• [ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʃ ʒ] → [ʦ ʦʰ ʣ s z]
• [ʦ ʦʰ ʣ ʨ ʨʰ ʥ] → [θ θ ð ɕ ɕ ʑ]

11. VOWEL ELISION

• V[-stress][-final syllable] → Ø / P_{[l];[ʎ];[r]}

12. VOWEL SHIFT

• [a e ø i y o u] → [ɑ ɛ œ ɪ ʏ ɔ ʊ]
• [aː eː øː iː yː oː uː] → [a e ø i y o u]
• [œ ʏ ʊ ø y o u] → [ɛ ɪ ʏ e i u y]
• [ɔ ɑ ɛ ɪ ʏ] → [o o a e ø]
• [y ø] → [ɨ]
• [i e ɨ] → [j] / _V
• [u o] → [w] / _V
• [e ɨ] → [i] / V_
• [o] → [u] / V_
• [u] → [o] / [w]_
• [i] → [e] / [j]_
• [ai au] → [oi eu]

See also

• Adāta
• Kozado