Kozado/Sound changes

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Sound changes from Adāta to Kozado

  • C = any consonant
  • P = any occlusive
  • Cʲ = any palatalised consonant
  • V = any vowel


1. VOCALISATION OF LIQUIDS

  • [l] → [u] / _#
  • Vr → Vː / _#
  • [u uː] → [o oː] / { {[aw];[ew];[oːw];[eːw]}_ ; _[u] }

2. FORTITION

  • [w j] → [v ʒ]
  • [v ʒ] → [f ʃ] / _C[-voiced]

3. PALATALISATION

  • C → Cʲ / _{[i];[e]}

4. MONOPHTHONGISATION

  • [aa ee ii oo uu] → [aː eː iː oː uː]
  • [au eu iu ou aːu eːu iːu oːu] → [o ø y u oː øː yː uː]

5. VOWEL ELISION

  • V[-stress][-long] → Ø / _#

6. LOSS OF FINAL NASALS

  • [i iː u uː] → [e eː o oː] / _{[n];[nʲ]}#
  • [n nʲ] → Ø / _#

7. PALATALISATION

  • Ø → [j] / V_(C)Cʲ
  • [tʲ tʰʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ nʲ lʲ] → [ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʃ ʒ ɲ ʎ]
  • [kʲ kʰʲ gʲ ʒʲ xʲ hʲ] → [ʨ ʨʰ ʥ ʑ ɕ ɕ]

8. MONOPHTHONGISATION

  • [aj ej øj ij yj oj uj] → [e i y iː yː ø y]
  • [aːj eːj øːj iːj yːj oːj uːj] → [eː iː yː iː yː øː yː]

9. LENITION OF FRICATIVES

  • [h] → Ø
  • [s x] → [h]
  • [h] → Ø / _#

10. DEPALATALISATION

  • Cʲ → C
  • [ʧ ʧʰ ʤ ʃ ʒ] → [ʦ ʦʰ ʣ s z]
  • [ʦ ʦʰ ʣ ʨ ʨʰ ʥ] → [θ θ ð ɕ ɕ ʑ]

11. VOWEL ELISION

  • V[-stress][-final syllable] → Ø / P_{[l];[ʎ];[r]}

12. VOWEL SHIFT

  • [a e ø i y o u] → [ɑ ɛ œ ɪ ʏ ɔ ʊ]
  • [aː eː øː iː yː oː uː] → [a e ø i y o u]
  • [œ ʏ ʊ ø y o u] → [ɛ ɪ ʏ e i u y]
  • [ɔ ɑ ɛ ɪ ʏ] → [o o a e ø]
  • [y ø] → [ɨ]
  • [i e ɨ] → [j] / _V
  • [u o] → [w] / _V
  • [e ɨ] → [i] / V_
  • [o] → [u] / V_
  • [u] → [o] / [w]_
  • [i] → [e] / [j]_
  • [ai au] → [oi eu]

See also