Ìletlégbàku/Lexicon

This is a list of words in Ìletlégbàku. It is by no means complete and does not give many idiomatic uses which occur.

Words are ordered alphabetically; accents are ignored in the sorting.

Abbreviations:

• NL - Naəgbum Lukpanic
• KpL - Kpitamoa Lukpanic
• IL - Isi Lukpanic
• Ish. - Isho'u 'Ohu
• Doa. - Doayâu
• n - noun
  • a - animate
  • i - inanimate
  • (Roman numeral) - classifier the noun takes
  • ip - inalienably possessed
  • ap - alienably possessed
  • coll - collective
• qt - quantifier
• pre - prefix
• zt - zero-transitive verb (taking no arguments)
• it - intransitive verb (taking one absolutive argument)
  • eit - ergative intransitive verb (taking one ergative argument)
• mt - monotransitive verb (taking a direct object and subject)
• dt - ditransitive verb (taking direct and indirect objects as well as a subject)
• vsuf - verbal suffix
• adv - adverb
• prep - preposition
• posp - postposition
• dis - discourse particle
• con - conjunction

There are only three irregularities to be aware of with regards to morphology:

1. Whether e shows this pattern with i-affection and u-affection (P means a palatalised consonant, C means any consonant):
   • Plain: ...Pe, i-affected: ...Pi, u-affected: ...Ca (or Cu initially).
   • or this: Plain: ...Ce, i-affected: ...Pe, u-affected: ...Ca (or Cu initially)
2. Whether a sh should de-palatalise to s or x.
3. Whether a w should de-labialise to x (or sh palatalised).

Both of these are noted in the Morphology column. The first e pattern is indicated with e1, the second is indicated with e2. The consonant any sh depalatalises to will be written afterwards. If a w de-labialises to a fricative w will be written afterwards.

The letter -l indicates that a word is not affected by labialisation or palatalisation. This mostly applies to loanwords.

(461 words)

Word	Morphology	Type	Gloss	Etymology	Etym. Gloss	Notes
abu		dt	to pass on (as an inheritance)	N.L. abe	give
adì		mt	fear	7adi	fear
agbà		zt	rain	7ago	rain
aixisab	-l	n i X	power, greatness	N.L. airisab	something within the blood
akpe	e1 -l	n i IV	fog	N.L. akpea	fog
awop		n i II	carrot	N.L. aloap	carrot
àme	e2	posp	with	7àma	with
àpe	e2	n i X	passion, enthusiasm	ahpa	anger, rage
àpéce	e2	mt	to be angry at	ahpadza	to be angry at
apawa	-l	n a VI	lizard, crocodile	N.L. apoa	lizard, reptile
ashè	e1 s	n a IX	(ip) wife (ap) woman	7àzè	woman
Àyàyù		n a IX	refers to various other Ìletlégbàku-speaking tribes	N.L. ãiãiə̃	"blood-painted"	refers to their practice of painting their faces red
bàché	e1	n i X	holiness	batshe	holiness
bàxàungu		it	thunder	unknown	probably onomatopoeia
bàxàungu		n i X	thunder, lightning	unknown	probably onomatopoeia
buba		n i V	snow	N.L. beba	snow
bèbese	e2	mt	split	bebesa	split
becè	e2	mt	have, hold, carry, own	bèdza	have, carry, possess
besàgbù		n i VII	sharp edge, blade	besògù	sharp edge, blade
bese	e2	mt	cut	besa	cut
buimu		it	return, continue	N.L. buime	return, continue, flow (of tides)
busa		it	be strange	N.L. busa	crazy
byìxe	e2	n a I	(ip) meat, flesh, edible organs	bľùxa	meat, flesh, edible organs
ca		con	and	tsa	and
cà		adv	also, and	tsah	also, and
cáce	e2	con	moreover	cáce	moreover
cáce	e2	posp	as well as	cáce	moreover
cáce	e2	adv	because	cáce	because
càlè	e2	mt	stab, betray	dzàlà	stab
càme	e2	pre	red	dzàma	red
càudeyè	e2	n a IX	sea creature	dzaldàjà	bird	Meaning was generalised to 'something that dàlàs (swims or flies), then made specific again
che	e1	adv	however	dze7	however
chè	e1	pron	this (near me)	dze	this (near me)
ché	e1	pron	that	tshe	that
chècè	e2	prep	from (the inside of)	dzehdza	heart
chècè	e2	n a VIII	heart	dzehdza	heart
chèchì		mt	say	dzedzi	say
cheke	e2	n i V	earth	tshèkhà	earth
chegè	e2	n i V	sand	tshehga	sand
chegàwuchuté	e2	n a IX	seagull	chegè + wuchu + té	"sand-eater"
chègè	e2	it	sit	dzega	sit
chègecè	e2	n i III	seat	dzegadza	seat
cheguchù		n i III	saddle	Iŋ. cegujú	saddle blanket
cheidè	e2	mt	see, know	dzeľda	see, know
chéine	e2	n i II	horn	tsheľna	horn
chese	e2	n i X	dance, sacrifice	dzèsa	dance
chése	e2	n i VIII	dung	tshesa	dung
chésèpe	e2	it	defecate	tshesahpa	defecate
chéyàxù	e2	n i III	fortress	tshejòhxù	wall, rampart
chéye	e2	n i V	soil	tsheja	soil
chéyegì	e2	n i V	rubbish, junk	tshejegi	worthless items, inedible material
chí		adv	yesterday	tshi	yesterday
chíbù		n i VIII	worm (also a term of insult)	tshibu	worm
chíchì		adv	instead	tshidzi	instead
chìchì		pre	straight	dzìdzi	straight
chigè	e2	vsuf	continously	dzi7ga	continuously
chìgè	e2	pre	yellow	dziga	yellow
chiì		n i VII	bee	dzì7ì	bee
chiìké	e2	n a IV	honey, sweetness	dzì7ìkha	honey, sweetness
chiìké	e2	pre	sweet	dzì7ìkha	honey, sweetness
chine	e2	pre	together	tshìňa	together
chìne	e2	n i VI	fingernail	dzìňa	fingernail
chinè	e2	pre	thin	tshìňà	thin
chineté	e2	mt	build, put together, create	tshìňatha	build, put together, create
chìpé	e1	n a IV	water	dziphe	water
chite	e2	mt	teach	tshihta	teach
chíwe	e2	pre	dry	tshi7la	dry
cibè	e2	n a I	fruit	tsuba	fruit
cìpí		mt	gather, hunt, collect, fish	dzuphu	gather, hunt, collect, fish
cipí		mt	itch, irritate	tshuphu	itch, irritate
cìpígbayu		n a IX	fisherman, Lukpanic person	dzuphugoju	fisherman	lukpài is more commonly used; it is perhaps a calque from Ish.
ciwi		n a VI	(ip) breast (ap) milk	dzù7li	breast
chiye	e1	mt	want	dzije	want
chiyele	e2	n i X	hope, wish	dzijeła	want, wish, desire
cìnu		pre	full, complete	dzùnu	full
cíupu	e2	n a II	(ip) arm	tshulpu	arm
cúpí		n a VI	deer	tshophu	deer
cútu		eit	lie down	tshotu	lie down
cútugè	e2	mt	put	tshotuga	place
dà		pron	that (near you)	da	that (near you)
dawe	e1	n i X	here	da7le	here
dàwè	e2	it	swim, run away	dàlà	swim, fly
dáxa		it	shout	Ish. dáha	shout
deyakúíise	e2	n a VI	wing	dzaldàjò7u7iľsa	wing
dìchè	e2	n i X	sky	dudze	sky
dàxè	e2	mt	to give an order, command	dağa	shout
dàxèté	e2	n a IX	leader	dàxè + té	'giver of commands'
dàxecè	e2	mt	inform, warn	dağadza	call to
deb	e2	it	ebb	N.L. deab	ebb
dìxè	e2	pre	dangerous, taboo, forbidden	duğa	good	Meaning probably developed because of connotations of sexual pleasure
Dànu		n i III	Doanu (a city)	Lukpanic Doanu	Doanu
dawasù		n i X	diplomatic errand	Šet. dawaz	want
di		adv	therefore, thus, in this way	du7	therefore, in that case, thus, in this way
di		n i X	so, thus, like this	du7	therefore, in that case, thus, in this way
dìchàkpe	e1 -l	n i IV	cloud	dìchè + N.L. akpe	sky + fog
dui		n a VI	saltwater fish	N.L. dui	fish
dùbù		pre	thick	dòbu	thick
dùnge	e1 -l	n i III	sail	N.L. dũea	large leaf; sheet; sail
èdè	e2	dt	give	7èda	give
éi		con	because	7eľ	because
ekáike	e1	n i X	game, competition	N.L. eakaikea < PL *eakaikea < Emp. ékayé	game, competition
ète	e2	n i VIII	feather	7èta	feather
gàbè	e2	n a IX	foreigner (often derogatory), slave	PL *gbagba	human	very early loanword, from before the language developed labialisation
Gàbètléke	e2	n a IX	the Lukpanic coast area	gàbè + tléke	foreigner + land	gàbè, though extended to all foreigners, primarily refers to Lukpanics
gace	e2	n a IX	lover	gatsa	lover
gacé	e2	n i V	soil, dirt	gatsha	soil
gacé	e2	mt	stain, ruin, interfere	gatsha	make dirty
gàté	e2	pre	appropriate, proper	gatha	correct
gawa		n a VI	cow, cattle	N.L. goap	cow, cattle
gbabal		n a IX	council of elders	N.L. gbabal	some elders
gbìgè	e2	it	sleep	guga	sleep
gbìkpu		posp	after, behind	guku	after, behind
gbìxu		n a VI	wolf	guxu	wolf
gbùdù		prep	on top of	gòdu	on top of
gbùdù		n a IX	head	gòdu	head
gbùgbù		mt	cook	gogu	cook
gbùgbù		n a II	tail	gogu	tail
gè	e1	con	but	ge	but
gèchí		pre	dirty	getshi	dirty
géya		it	make felt	Ish. géa	Replaced native root gise
geye	e2	n a IX	child	geľa	child
geyekpi		n a IX	baby	geľa + kpi	child + dimunitive
gise	e2	mt	squeeze, press	gisa	squeeze, press
gitu		n a VI	whale	N.L. gitəb	whale
gwiwa	e2	n a II	leg	gluwo	leg
i		posp	if	7i	if
ibida		eit	float	N.L. ibida	float
ibidáyéshì		n i X	flotsam	ibida + yéshì	'that which floats'
ícé	e2	mt	fish	7itsha	fish
idè	e2	pre	slow	7ida	slow
igè	e2	qt	five	7uga	five
íise	e2	n a VI	(ip) hand (ap) assistant, helper	7iľsa	hand
ìke	e2	n i VII	(ip) tooth (ap) weapon	7ùka	tooth
ìkèpe	e2	mt	bite	7ùkahpa	bite
ìkeupe	e2	mt	eat vegetables, eat non-meat	7ùkalpa	eat vegetables, eat non-meat
ìme	e2	posp	without	7ihma	without
inma		n i VII	hibiscus	N.L. iŋma	hibiscus
ipukau		n i III	desert	N.L. ipikau	desert
Ishákúahu		n i X	the Isho'u 'Ohu language	Ish. Isho'u 'Ohu	language of Ishe
Ishe	e1 -l	n i III	Isi (a city)	I.L. Ishe	Isi
Ite		n i IV	a river	N.L. iəta	river
itunung	-l	n i VII	canoe	N.L. itẽnẽ	canoe
iutu	-l	n i X	period of time between two solstices	N.L. iutu	year
Íwaku	-l	n i III	Iəvaku (a city)	PL *Iəvaku	Iəvaku
iwa		n i V	vomit	7uwo	vomit
iwaupe	e2	it	vomit	7uwolpa	vomit
iye	e1	n i X	name	7ìje	name
íye	e2	n i X	pain	7uja	pain
iyékèdè	e2	mt	name	7ìje7èda	name + give
íyékéye	e2	it	be in pain	7uja7aja	be in pain
íyécè	e2	mt	hurt	7ujadza	cause pain
íyécèle	e2	n i X	(ip) wound, injury (ap) mistake	7ujadzała	wound, injury
kabatá			n i X	celebration (non-religious)	N.L. koabatoa	celebration (non-religious)
kagbùbecè	e2	mt	steal	zedze7ogubèdza	steal	irregular shortening
kákpá		it	laugh	khakho	laugh
kákpágè	e2	mt	curse	khakhoga	mock
kákpákpu		adv	amusingly	khakhoku	amusingly
káke	e2	pre	black	khà7a	black
kápàkpù		n i III	forest	khapòkù	forest
kápe	e2	n i VII	tree	khapa	tree
káwa		pre	narrow	khawo	narrow
káye	e2	n i IV	fire	khaja	fire
káyékáye	e2	it	burn	khaja7aja	Was reanalysed as reduplicated káye, which explains the irregular development
káyelàkpù		n i V coll	ashes	khajałòkù	ashes
káyèpe	e2	mt	burn	khajahpa	burn
kib	-l	n i III	house	N.L. kib	house
klàchè	e1	n a VIII	skin	głàdze	skin
klachè	e1	mt	mix	gładze	mix
klàme	e2	n i I coll	berries	głàma	berries
klakla		n a VI	frog	unknown	probably onomatopoeia
klexè	e2	n a VI	edible animal	głè7hà	game animal
kliké	e2	pre	short	głukha	short
kpaubu		n i II	rope	N.L. kpaube	rope
kpita		n i I	butter	N.L. kpita	butter
Kpitàu	-l	n i III	Kpitamoa (a city)	Kp.L. Pitão	Kpitamoa	from an earlier stage of the dialect
kpíugè	e2	n i VII	boat (often of a primitive native style)	khulga	boat
kpíupe	e2	mt	catch	khulpa	hunt, catch
kpíupeté	e2	mt	hunter	kpíupe + té	hunt + agentive
kpúwu		mt	tie, fasten	kholu	tie, fasten
kpùnuté		mt	assassinate	N.L. kpaənu + té	sleep + causative
kùmupun		n i X	shrine, sacred place	N.L. kumupun	shrine, sacred place
lagbà		pre	near	łago	near
laxè	e2	n i VII	(ip) eye (ap) guide	łağa	eye
làxè	e2	n i X	soul	łàğa	soul
làxwewa		n a IX	priest	łàğlawo	priest
leshì	s	n a VI	horse	łèzi	horse
lìne	e2	n i VI	lake	łìna	lake
lìnmu		n i VII	wall (of a house)	N.L. lĩme	wall
lìwusu		n i IX	rich person (derogatory)	N.L. Lĩuəsə 'people facing away from the sea'	i.e. the Coastal Westerners
líye	e2	n a VI	snake; also a term of insult	łija	snake
Ludù		n a IV	the sea (i.e. the sea to the south, the only one they know of)	N.L. lu + dù	sea + augmentive
lukpài	-l	n a IX	Lukpanic person	N.L. lukpãi	autonym
ma	e2	n i X	point (in space)	ma	location, place
màcè	e2	n i VIII	(ip) nose (ap) hunting dog	màdzà	nose
machè	e1	n a IV	sea	madze	sea
màgè	e2	pre	sharp	mahga	sharp
mámá		n a IX	mother (informal; for your own mother only)	nursery word
máshè	e2	it	shine	maze	shine
Másheshè	e2	n i VII	a moon goddess	mazèzè	moon
mawa	e2	pre	blue	N.L. mal	blue	Often not distinguished from green
máyam		n i VII	moon	possibly N.L. am 'moon'	The ma- prefix may be from the older stem for moon, másheshè
máye	e1	pre	rotten, (of humans) seriously ill	maje	rotten
mécè	e2	n a VI	dog	medza	dog
mece	e2	qt	four	mètsa	four
méwidù		n a VI	bear	me7li + dù	bear + augmentive
mìchì		qt	six	mìdzi	six
mìga		pre	unlucky	Doa. mìga	wet, unlucky
mìgbà		pre	wet	mìgo	wet
mimu		pre	warm	N.L. mime	warm
mìne	e2	n a IX	(ip) mother (formal)	mìna	mother
mili		n a VI	(ip) tongue	miłi	tongue
mili		eit	speak, talk	miłi	tongue
mítalùn		n a IV	stream	N.L. mitalẽ	stream, process
mítalùn		n i X	process	N.L. mitalẽ	stream, process
Mitàmal		n i X	Akana; the world	N.L. mitãmal	Akana; the world
maba		pre	big	N.L. mab	big
mawa		n i III	harbour	N.L. moa	harbour
makpa		n i II	tower	N.L. moakpa < PL *moakpa < Tm. mǫʔpa	summit, peak
mu		vsuf	completely	mu	completely
mul		n i VII	buckwheat	N.L. mul	buckwheat
mungisap		n i IV	paint	N.L. maəŋisap	paint
múshù		mt	sew	mo7zu	sew
mutìnge		n a IX	king	N.L. mutĩea	king (lit. 'all the elders')
mùxù		n a VI	sheep	mòğu	sheep
mùxu		pre	fat, rich, wide	mòxu	wide
na		pron	I, me, we, us	na	I, me, we, us
nábigab		mt	read	N.L. noabigab	read
nachè	e1	adv	rarely	nadze	rarely
nachè	e1	pre	tame	nadze	tame
naib		n i III	roof, terrace	N.L. naib	roof, terrace
nalal		it	lie, recline	N.L. nalal	lie, recline
nawà	w	qt	eight	ňağo	eight
náwé		n i III	a style of sail	Doa. nôe	sail, wing
nawab		mt	letter, (in the plural) writing	N.L. noab	spot, sign, glyph
náye	e1	vsuf	frequently, habitually	ňaje	frequently
néishì	s	qt	seven	neľzi	seven
nèna		n i VII	boat, ship (of an advanced, Lukpanic-style craft)	N.L. neãna	boat, ship
nexwe	e2	pre	white	neğla	white
nexwèklème	e2	n a I coll	mushrooms	neğlàgłàma	mushrooms
ngisapùm		n i I	stew, sauce	N.L. ŋisapum	stew, sauce
ngìmub		n i III	village	N.L. ŋimeb	cluster of buildings
nguwu		n i I	onion	N.L. ŋulu	onion
nipé	e2	n i VI	fog	nipha	fog
níshì	s	pre	smooth	ňizi	smooth
nmep	-l	mt	wage war on	N.L. ŋmeap	fight
nmiula		n a VI	kid (i.e. young goat)	N.L. ŋmiula	goat
nùbù		it	think	nòbu	think
nùgbù		it	left, west	nògù	left, west
Nugbùn		n a III	Naəgbum (a city)	N.L. Negwẽ	Naəgbum
nùkpu		qt	three	nolku	three
núu		posp	up towards	no7u	up towards
nùxù		n a VI	foot	nòğu	foot
pa		adv	then, next, and	phà	then, next, and
pá		qt	all	pha	all
pàiku	-l	it	sail, navigate	N.L. pãike	sail, navigate
pápéte	e2	mt	shoot, hurl as a weapon	phapha7ta	shoot, hurl as a weapon
pápétéyéshì		n i II	thrown weapon	pápéte + yéshì	"that which is hurled as a weapon"
pàtàgbù		n i II	path, way	pàtògù	road, path
pàte	e2	it	find one's way	pàta	find one's way
páte	e2	mt	throw	pha7ta	throw
páwe	e2	it	swell, grow	phala	swell, grow, become tumescent
páwe	e2	pre	far	phala	far
peyagbù		n i IX	noble, aristocrat	pèľogu	fat person, rich person
péye	e2	n i IV	ball of dust, dirt	phèľa	cloud
píbai		pre	correct	N.L. piəbai	correct
pidasèni		n a VI	foal	Iŋ. pydosànhí	foal
pígè	e2	n a IX	chief	puga	chief
píli		n i V	tree bark	phiłi	tree bark
píte	e2	pre	weak	phita	small, weak
píwa		it	blow, breathe, live	phiwo	breathe, blow
píwaté		n a VI	living thing	píwa + té	"that which breathes"
píwagè	e2	it	become more important	phiwoga	inflate
píyi	e2	n i VII	seed	phiji	seed
plàme	e2	it	fart	błàma	fart
plápapa	e2	n i VII	butterfly	unknown	probably onomatopoeic
plawa		eit	walk	pława	walk
plawa		mt	go (to a place)	pława	walk
plawákagbù		eit	walk away	pławo7ogu	walk away
pukpa		n i IV	wine, alcohol	N.L. pukpa	wine, alcohol
púlaxa		n i VII	gift	N.L. pulara < PL *pulaha < Tm. polaha	gift
puwu		n i III	large road (in a city)	N.L. puvu	road
pyàgè	e2	pre	new	pľàga	new
pyàme	e2	n i VII	flower	pľàma	flower
sa		pron	each of us	sa	we, us (distributive)
sa		posp	inside, during, while	sà7	inside, during, while
sabeye	e2	mt	fight	sabaja	fight
sadab		mt	freeze	N.L. sadab	freeze
sagàu		mt	destroy	N.L. sagau	split
saip		n a X	god	N.L. saip	god, spirit
sànupa		mt	ride	Iŋ. sánhupo	ride
sànupáyéshì		n a VI	battle-norse	sànupa + yéshì	"that which is ridden"
sènayu		n i X	story, legend, myth	N.L. seanale	folktale
sènayuté		it	tell a story	N.L. seanale + té	"make a story"
shàxwagu		n a IX	high priest	Ish. shàhoago	priest
shè	e1 s	posp	down towards	ze	down towards
shecàchu		adv	quickly	zedzotsu	quickly
shèchè	e1	it	run	zedze	run
shèchekagbù		it	be a coward	zedze7ogu	run away
shèchì		mt	wash	ğehdzi	wash
sheishì		n a VI	neck	ğeľzi	neck
shème	e2	pre	evil	zèma	bad
sheshèwa		n i VII	star	zezewo	star
shetamól		n i X	the Šetâmol language	Šetâmol Šetâmol	the Šetâmol language
shète	e2	mt	sing	zèta	sing
shètì		adv	oddly, strangely	sèhtì	surprisingly
sheye	e1	n i VII	hill	ğeje	hill
sheyi		n i VII	stone	ğeľi	stone
shéyi		n i X	night	seji	night
sheyudù		n i VII	mountain	ğeľudu	mountain
shì	s	qt	two	zi	two
shìbè	e1	mt	drink	ğibe	drink
shìdè	e2	n i III	webbing between the fingers, palm	zìda	webbing between the fingers, palm
shìdèpe	e2	mt	count	zìdahpa	count
shìgè	e2	it	stand	zìgà	stand
shìgecè	e2	mt	declare	zìgàdza	stick in the ground
shìpe	e2	qt	some, few	zipa	some
shíshì		n i IV	fat, grease	ziľzi	fat, grease
shishè	e2	n i X	day	zize	day
shìte	e2	n i IV	wind	ğìta	wind
shìwa		it	live	ğiwo	live
shìwa		n i VII	pine	zìwo	pine
shìwagè	e2	mt	give birth to	ğiwoga	give birth to
shiye	e2	mt	hear, understand	zija	hear
si		con	or	su	or
siam		n i VII	a type of flower, endemic to the Lukpanic area	N.L. siəm	flower
sìgè	e2	it	consider	zuga	float
sìgekécè	e2	it	float	zuga7adza	float downstream
sìnme	e2	n a VI	heron	N.L. sĩmea	heron
sita		n i III	beach	N.L. sita	beach
síxe	e2	adv	tomorrow	su7xa	tomorrow
sìxisutib		n a IX	small mythical wood-creatures, like fairies	N.L. suẽrisetib	person within the leaves
sìwe	e2	pre	round	sùla	round
súsà		mt	search, look for, investigate	Doa. súsà	be interested in, investigate
ta		pron	you	ta	you
tá		pron	each of you	tá	you (distributive)
tá		mt	do, make	tha	do, make
tabè	e1	posp	on, at, when	tabe	on, at, when
tagbà		qt	one	tago	one
tagè	e2	n i V	grass	taga	grass
tagewe	e1	n a X	grassland, plain	taga7le	grassland, plain
tagèwe	e2	n i III	cloth	tagala	cloth
táté	e2	mt	use	thatha	use
tadè	e2	pre	cold	thàda	cold
tawa	e2	n a IX	bird, ghost	N.L. towa	bird
táwa		mt	bend	tawo	bend
táwaté	e2	mt	craftsman	táwa 'bend' + té	"bender"
táwe	e1	n i X	there	tha7le	there
táye	e2	n i IV	milk	thaja	milk
tebungu	-l	n i IX	farmer, peasant	N.L. teabəŋə	one who sows
tíbè	e2	n i II	root	thuba	root
tichù		n i VII	(ip) knee	thùdzù	knee
tike	e2	n i III	hut, tent	tuka	house, home
tipi		pron	few	tupi	few
típi		n a IX	(ip) daughter	thì7pi	daughter
tigbù		mt	have sex with	thùgu	have sex with
tinekè	e2	n a IX	(ip) uncle, brother, eldest son of the head of a family (ap) a term of respect used among males	thùňà7à	uncle, brother, eldest son of the head of the family
tingè	e2	n a IX	(ip) father, head of the family (ap) general term for a male superior	thùŋà	father, head of the family
tiniti		n i VII	metal	unknown	possibly from Ndak Ta ntindo, or onomatopoeic
tísè	e2	n i VIII	hair	tiza	hair
tisu		it	write	N.L. tise	write
tisiùm		n i VII	writing	N.L. tisiem	writing
tisuté		n a IX	scribe, writer	tisu + té	writer
tíwe	e2	n i VIII	wool	thula	wool
tíye	e2	mt	become	thuja	become
tla		posp	for	dła	for
tlagasùn		n i X	empire	Šet. tlagazún	throne
tlawè	e2	vsuf	repeatedly	tłà7là	repeatedly
tlégè	e2	n a IX	tribe	dłe7ga	tribe
tléke	e2	n a X	land	dłe7a	land
tlì		pre	long	dłù
tlikpuke	e2	n a IX coll	family	dłukuka	family, longhouse
tlipé	e2	mt	find, discover	tłuphe	find, discover
tliwa		n a IV	blood	tłuwo	blood
tliwaté	e2	mt	wound, injure	tliwa + té	'make blood'
tubù		it	fall	thòbu	fall
tubùgè	e2	mt	fell, chop down	thòbuga	fell, chop down
tugù		n a I	grape	N.L. tugĩ	grape
tugù		it	be small	N.L. tugĩ	be small (via. tugĩi 'grapelike', gerund of tugĩ 'grape')
tuip		mt	hunt	N.L. tuep	hunt
túkuwi		n i X	play, performance	N.L. tukuli 'make, do perform' (with acc. suffix)
tum		n i II	buckwheat porridge	N.L. tuem	buckwheat porridge
tyetye	e1	mt	rub	tľetľe	rub
ubium		n i VII	sharp tool	N.L. ubium	sharp tool
ùmu		n a IX	foreign king	Ish. ùmu	king
uxu		mt	smell	7oxu	smell
Wangelín		n i III	the Wañelin lake and the area around it	Šet. Wañelín	big lake
waku		n i III	building, house (in a city)	N.L. vaku	house, building
wechì		pre	steep, difficult	wechì	steep
wenè	e2	n i X	year	wè7nà	year
wete	e2	it	turn	weta	turn
wetékìce	e2	mt	meet, visit, talk to	wete7ihtsa	meet
wetunè	e2	adv	next year	wetù7nà	next year
wìchì		n a VI	freshwater fish	ğudzi	fish
wìgbàgbù	e2	n a XI	wealthy merchant	ğùgogu	rich person
wìgè	e2	n a VI	pig	ğùga	pig
winita		n i V	Lukpanic indigenous religion	N.L. vinita	ceremony
wìushì		n i VII coll	millet	ğulzi	millet
wiye	e1	pre	heavy	ğuje	heavy
wai		n a VI	refers to various types of medium-sized fish, e.g. perch, bass	N.L. voai	fish
waikpi		n a VI	gobies and other small shallow-water fishes	N.L. voai + kpi	fish + dimunitive
wupunga	-l	pre	easy	N.L. vipuŋa	easy
wùbù		n a IX	prostitute	ğohbu	prostitute
wuchè	e1	it	die	wodze	die
wuchecè	e2	mt	kill	wodzedza	kill
wuchu		mt	eat (of herbivorous animals)	wotsu	eat (of herbivorous animals)
wuchúyéshì		n i VI	shrub, bush	wuchu + yéshì	that which herbivorous animals eat
wùdùgbù		n a IX	eagle	ğogugu	eagle	irregular dissimilation
wùke	e2	mt	hit	wolka	hit
wuki		adv	the day after tomorrow	woki	the day after tomorrow
wùbù		n a IX	prostitute	ğohbu	prostitute
wùgbù		pre	swift, sharp, intelligent	ğogu	quick
wùgbuweyákagbù		mt	be very scared of	ğogu7lawo7ogu	escape from, run away from	irregular dissimilation
wùgèpe	e2	eit	spit	ğolgahpa	spit
wula		it	gesture, make a sign	N.L. vula	gesture, make a sign
wupé	e2	n i I	beans	wopha	beans
wùugè	e2	n i IV	spit	ğolga	spit
wùugèpe	e2	it	spit	ğolgahpa	spit
wusai		n i I	fig	N.L. vusai	fig
wúwu		n a VIII	liver	wo7xu	liver
wùxu		n i VI	tool	ğòxu	tool
xàchè		pre	enormous	ğàdze	big
xagalùl		n i III	market	N.L. ragalẽl	much eating
xàne		n i III	leaf	ğàňa	leaf
xawe		n i V coll	salt	ğa7le	salt
xiba		it	fly	N.L. riba	fly
xikpu		n i VII	crab	N.L. rikpe	crab
xlìnge	e2	pre	green (and blue for many speakers)	ğłùŋa	green
xúigu		n a VIII	lung	N.L. ruige	lung
xùitali		n i X	the Lukpanic language	N.L. Rĩitali	the Lukpanic language (from 'flowing speech'
xùnmu		n a IX	enemy	N.L. ruŋmu	leader
xùxubupadu		n i VII	louse	N.L. rĩ ruəbepade	'animal on top of the hair'
xuwageye	e2	n a IX	(ip) relative (ap) friend	bèdzàno7xuwogaja	relative	irregular shortening
xwáte	e2	mt	milk	ğla7ta	milk
xwátéyéshì	e2	n i VIII	mature cow producing milk	xwáte + yéshì	"that which is milked"
Xwálùmù		n i III	Poalugbum (a city)	Doa. Fólùmù	Poalugbum
xwíti		pre	timid, nervous	Doa. fíti	weak, timid
xwítucu		pre	timidly, quietly	xwíti + cu	timid + adverbaliser
ya		n a IX	(ip) husband (ap) man	ľa	man
yace	e2	qt	many	ľàtsa	many
yace	e2	n a I	egg	ľàtsa	egg
yadè	e2	pre	old	jada	old
yàgè	e2	n a VI	(ip) ear	ľahga	ear
yagè	e2	it	play	jaga	play
yàme	e2	n i VII	sun	jàma	sun
yàméyéke	e2	n a IX	person, human	jàmaja7a	person, human
yàne	e2	mt	wound, hurt	ľàňa	wound, hurt
yànele	e2	n i X	(ip) crack, scratch	ľàňała	crack, scratch
yápe	e2	it	insult	ľa7pa	insult
yápe	e2	mt	attain, win, take by raiding	ľa7pa	attain, win, take by raiding
yase	e2	n a I	food	jàsa	food
yasèpe	e2	mt	eat	jàsahpa	eat
yaté	e2	mt	tend, garden, heal	jatha	tend, garden
yatépe	e2	n i III	garden	jathapa	garden
yawà	w	n i IV	smoke	ľağo	smoke
yàwène	e2	mt	make an entrance to	ľàlàňa	dig
yéce	e2	con	and not	jetsa	and not
yécè	e2	mt	push	jedza	push
yèchì		n i IV	river	jèdzi	river
yegè	e1	con	but not	jege	but not
yékagbù		mt	leave	je7ogu	leave
yème	e2	it	navigate a boat	jèma	row
yéshì	s	mt	take, marry	jezi	hold, own, marry
yéshu		con	nor	jesu	nor
yichì		n i II	arrow	jidzi	arrow
yíìce	e2	it	come	ji7ihtsa	come
yíìcécè	e2	it	take, get, extract	ji7ihtsadza	get
yíìcheté	e2	mt	summon	yíìce + té	come + causative
yìmè	e1	n i X	right, east	ľùmè	right, east
yìmè	e1	pre	right, east	ľùmè	right, east
yìme	e2	n i III	grind, mill	ľùma	grind, mill
Yìmìte		n i IV	a river	yìmè + Ite	east + Ite
yipé	e2	mt	wipe	ľipha	wipe
yùbù		n i VII	(ip) mouth (ap) messenger	jòbu	mouth
yùbùupe	e2	mt	suck	jòbulpa	suck
yugbù	e2	mt	bless	jogu	perform rituals
yuwu		pre	other	jolu	other
yùxu		n a VI	(ip) back	ľòxu	back
yùxu		pre	previous	ľòxu	back
yùxuwenè		adv	last year	ľòxu + wè7nà	back + year