Zele/Sound changes
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These are the sound changes from Proto-Isles to Zele.
Proto-Isles phoneme inventory:
Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | p | t d | k ɡ | ʔ | ||
Affricates | ts dz | |||||
Fricatives | s | ħ | ||||
Nasals | m | n | ||||
Approximants | w | j |
a | i | u |
aj | uj | |
aw | iw | |
am | im | |
an | in | un |
Sound changes, approximately in order:
- V1 > V2 / _(C)ħV2
- At some point, probably before the voicing-after-accent change, exactly reduplicated syllables undergo haplology.
- d > l / except initially
- j > ʒ / _i
- ħ > Ø / N_
- ħ > h / a(C)_a
- ħ > ʁ
- ɡ > j / _i
- ɡ > h
- [+obstruent] > [+voice] / V[+accent]_[-obstruent] / This change may occur in some other environments as well.
- s > Ø / _h
- s > ʃ / except finally or before a stop
- z > ʒ / except finally
- [+affricate] > [+fricative]
- t > ts / #_
- d > t / #_
- ʔ > Ø / _C
Diphthongs simplify:
- aj, uj > e / _$
- aw, iw > o / _$
- im, in > ɛ / _$
- un > ɔ / _$
- am, an > ə̃ / _$
- V > ə̃ / _Nə̃
- ʔ > h / V_V
- ʔ > Ø
Apocope:
- V > Ø / VC_# / In words of two syllables, or polysyllabic words with no accent. Does not occur if the preceding consonant is /w/, /h/, or an unvoiced plosive.
- Pitch accent is lost.
- w > b
- ʁ > Ø / C_, _C
- Ø > h / V_V / breaks up vowel hiatus; persistent
Allophonic changes:
- p > f / V_V
Zele phoneme inventory:
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | p b | t d | k ɡ | |||
Affricate | ts | |||||
Fricatives | (f) | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | ||
Nasals | m | n | ||||
Approximants | l | j | ʁ |
i | u | |
e | ə̃ | o |
ɛ | ɔ | |
a |
Zeluzh is recognisable as the reflex of Proto-Isles *dzuy dúy-i "dust sea".