User:Pole, the/BND
Satie (Sečĕ) is a daughter language of Buruya Nzaysa spoken around 1500-1700 YP.
Name
Sečĕ [sʲetʃʲ], earlier (ca. 600 YP) Sɛtjə comes from Early Namɨdu syɛtyə "virtue, morality", cf. Fáralo sætugə (id.), Mûtsipsa' ktsantû'a "what we should do". Cognates include Cəssın kilin "affectionate" and Zele yizãs "love".
History
- Vowel lengthening
Vowels are lengthened under stress, before a cluster and in the initial syllable unless before a stressed syllable.
- V > Vː / _[+stress]
- V > Vː / _CC
- V > Vː / #(C)(C)_ / except _(C)(C)V[+stress]
- BN layáxa → **layaːxa → ležah
- BN maməlgɛ → **maːməːlgɛ → ňaňĭge
- Plosive aspiration
Plosives are aspirated before a long vowel, unless in a consonant cluster.
- p t ts k kʷ > pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ kʷʰ / _Vː / except C_
- BN wɛtuldɔ → **wɛːtʰuːldɔ → véthuda
- BN kənɔñúmɛ → **kʰəːnɔñuːmɛ → khĭnnĕume
- Deletion of sigmas and nasals
/s/ sounds and nasals are deleted directly before plosives. /mv nz/ clusters simplify
- sp st sk skʷ > p t k kʷ
- mp nt nts ŋk ŋkʷ > p t ts k kʷ
- mv > f / #_; > v / elsewhere
- nz > z
- BN məskwe → **məːkʷe → ňipe
- BN mvintu → **fiːtu → siču
- Linguolabial development
Labial consonants become linguolabial when surrounded by unrounded vowels.
- A = {a ɛ e i ə}
- m b p pʰ v f > n̼ d̼ t̼ t̼ʰ ð̼ θ̼ / #_A, A_A, A_#
- BN balbo → **d̼aːlbo → b̌abo
- BN mevrumɛ → **n̼eːvrumɛ → névrume
- Unrounding
/u/ becomes /ə/ when the next syllable contains /u/ or /i/.
- u > ə / _(ː)(C)(C){u i}
- BN numi → **nəːmi → nimi
- BN sudusa → **səːdusa → sidsa
- Lenition in clusters
Clusters of /lC Cl sC Cs/ get simplified, yielding /C Cj jC Cj/. /js sj/ clusters are unaffected.
- l > j / C_
- l > ∅ / _C
- s > j / C_ / except j_
- s > j / _C / except _j
- BN solvo → **soːvo → sóvo
- BN sopsə → **soːpjə → sópĕ
- First palatalization
Dental and velar plosives become postalveolar affricates or fricatives adjacent to /i e j/.
- {d g} {t k} {tʰ kʰ} > dʒ tʃ tʃʰ / _{i e j} or {i e j}(ː)_
- dʒ > ʒ
- BN dediga → **ʒeːʒiʒa → žéžĭž
- BN kisɛ → **tʃʰiːsɛ → čhĭse
- Palatal changes
Vowels are frontened before /j ɲ/. /j/ disappears before consonants. /ɲ/ changes to /nj/.
- {a ɔ} o {ə u} > ɛ e i / _(ː){ɲ j}
- j > ∅ / _C
- ɲ > nj
- BN noñuylu → **neːnjiːju → nénĕu
- BN mɔysa → **mɛːsa → mes
- Labiovelar changes
Labiovelars change to velars before rounded vowels and to labials elsewhere.
- kʷ kʷʰ w > k kʰ ɣ / _{ɔ o u}
- kʷ kʷʰ w > p pʰ v / elsewhere
- BN kwɔtsi → **kʰɔːtsi → khǎci
- BN ŋkwayfo → **pɛːfo → pefo
- Epenthesis
Glottal stop disappears. Intervocalically /j/ after /i e/ and /w/ elsewhere is inserted epenthetically. /i e/ are preiotated word-initially.
- ʔ > ∅
- ∅ > j / {i e}_V
- ∅ > w / V_V, elsewhere
- i e > ji je / #_
- BN se’ə → **seːjə → sež
- BN nə’ola → **nəːwola → nilŭa
- Second palatalization
Linguolabials change to dentals before /i e j/.
- n̼ d̼ t̼ t̼ʰ ð̼ θ̼ > n d t tʰ z s / _{i e j}
- BN petuvo → théčvo
- BN mvenanɔ → senna
- BN miyɔdɔ → nĭdĕa
- Umlaut and vowel shift
Syllables with high, mid and low vowels cause preceding vowels to shift. Final short /ə a/ become reduced.
- ə a > ə̆ ă / _#
- {i ə} o > ə ɔ / _(ː)(C)(C){ɛ a ɔ} &
- {e ɛ} {a ɔ} > e ɤ / _(ː)(C)(C){i u} &
- {i ə} {e ɛ} {a ɔ} > i ɛ a / elsewhere, all three simultaneously
- o > ɔ / _(ː)#
- ɤ > ɨ
- BN əbu → ibu
- BN nɔlsi → nǎsi
- BN ɛtsu → écu
- Syncope
Short vowels are deleted between two consonants, unless both are stops.
- P = {b p pʰ d̼ t̼ t̼ʰ d t tʰ ɡ k kʰ ts tsʰ tʃ tʃʰ}
- V > ∅ / V(ː)C_C(j)V / except P_P
- jV > ∅ / V(ː)C_C(j)V / except P_P
- ĭ ă > ∅ / V(ː)C_#
- ĭ ă > i a / elsewhere
- BN ɛsmɛwɛ → emve
- BN gəsta → gĭt
- BN nɛpsonə → nepni
- Semivowel metathesis and synaeresis
Semivowels are moved after other consonants in clusters. Certain sequences of vowels and semivowels are simplified.
- jC wC > Cj Cw
- {ji jɨ jə} {wu wɨ wə} > i u
- {je jɛ} {wo wɔ} > e o
- ij uw > j w / _V
- ij ej uw ow > i e u o
- j w > ʒ v / V_
- BN gɔyada → gedĕa
- BN spɛ’ayla → p̌evež
- BN sɛtsa’ɔk → secŭak
Phonemes
| consonants | labial | linguolabial | dental | postalv. | velar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m ‹m› | n̼ ‹ň› | n ‹n› | ||
| plosive | b ‹b› | d̼ ‹b̌› | d ‹d› | ɡ ‹g› | |
| p ‹p› | t̼ ‹p̌› | t ‹t› | k ‹k› | ||
| pʰ ‹ph› | t̼ʰ ‹p̌h› | tʰ ‹th› | kʰ ‹kh› | ||
| affricate | ts ‹c› | tʃ ‹č› | |||
| tsʰ ‹ch› | tʃʰ ‹čh› | ||||
| fricative | v ‹v› | ð̼ ‹v̌› | z ‹z› | ʒ ‹ž› | ɣ ‹ȟ› |
| f ‹f› | θ̼ ‹f̌› | s ‹s› | h ‹h› | ||
| liquid | l ‹l› | ||||
| r ‹r› |
There are also two semivowels, occuring only after consonants and word-initially, namely /i̯ u̯/ ‹ĕ ŭ›.
| vowels | front | central | back |
|---|---|---|---|
| high | i ‹i› | ɨ ‹ǎ› | u ‹u› |
| mid-high | e ‹é› | ə ‹ĭ› | o ‹ó› |
| mid-low | ɛ ‹e› | ɔ ‹o› | |
| low | a ‹a› |
Consonants are palatalized before /i e i̯/ ‹i é ĕ›.
Around 1700-1800 YP the linguolabials have merged with dentals before other consonants and unpacked to appropriate C + /w/ clusters elsewhere, e.g. ňeňži /n̼ɛn̼ʒi/ → /nwɛnʒi/ (BN mɛmɛdi); žĭčňil /ʒətʃn̼il/ → /ʒətʃnwil/ (BN giskɛməl).
Numerals
| 1. | khe | 11. | roke | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | né | 12. | réné | 20. | néra |
| 3. | ȟo | 13. | róvo | 30. | ȟora |
| 4. | bo | 14. | róbo | 40. | bora |
| 5. | du | 15. | ródu | 50. | dura |
| 6. | si | 16. | rósi | 60. | chĭra |
| 7. | ma | 17. | roma | 70. | mara |
| 8. | sud | 18. | rósud | 80. | sora |
| 9. | nil | 19. | rónil | 90. | nĭra |
| 10. | ra | 100. | ide | ||