Shtåså/Lexicon

Here is the Shtåså Lexicon

Derivativational Morphology

Verb to Noun

-dzaš agent noun from verb.

-lji id.

-vn Abstract noun, (gerund) for verb action or state

-um; location where the action of a root takes place

-dô; location at which the action of a root takes place. Eg.,

-sa Result of verb or other relation to the base word.

-syn Instrument noun from verb.

Nominal to Nominal

-v Diminutive.

-dzyhanj Honorific.

-can a reduced version of -dzyhanj

-ks Collective. The root must be put in the oblique case.

-um; location where the action of a root takes place; Eg., boš 'god, spirit' > bošum 'shrine'

-þlo Person with connection to base noun.

-dy Derives abstract noun from concrete noun or adjective.

-in Feminine.

Nominal to Verb

-isp general verbalizer.

-ists movement towards focus.

-aš stative verb (be noun).

-as causative.

en- frequently forms compounds: enfwej to farm 'give-seed'

Adjectives and Adverbs

-ddzy Derives adverbs.

-am Derives adjectives from nouns. From -ama ‘with’

Loan Words

Shtasa has identifiable loan words from early Adata, Late Gezoro (from Southern and Central dialects), Šetâmol, and Xšali.

Shtåså usually borrows /r/ as /l/ initially or finally and as /n/ intervocally. Words tend to alter to shape a preferred CVCVC structure.

Ad.= Early Adāta

Gez.=Late Gezoro

Shet.=Šetâmol

Xsh.=Xšali

Abbreviations

adj. adjective.

adv. adverb.

conj. conjunction.

n. nominal.

pp. postposition.

vi. intransitive verb.

vt. transitive verb.

Lexemes

word	type	meaning	etymology
=id	name suffix	lord, noble, lofty	Gez. =e:do 'lord'
ab	n.	rain, NC2 ; tear, NC8	agwa
abisp	iv.	cry, weep	ab-isp
ac	n.	fear	adja
Agôl	n	a winter month	Gez. agor 'rain'
ain	n.	woman, wife	ajen
ainv	n.	daughter, sister	ain-v
ajaun	n.	harp	Ad. āliora
alpom	vt.	forge	Ad. alpabam
am	pp.	comitive, with, alongside	ama
Anac	n.	Anaiti, earth goddess	Gez. Anaiti
and	n.	stranger, foreigner	Ad. andak, (-ak) interpreted as plural marker
anseltin	n.	business, commerce	Ad. ansertin
ajuko	vt.	trick, deceive	Ad. aiuko
aša	iv.	copula
baddzyn	n	forest
bom	n	brother
bontzuom	n	blood brother, ally	bom ttzuo am lit. 'brother with blood'
bosj	n	god, spirit
bosjam	n	holy; holiness
bosjtzlo	n	priest, holy man
bosjiopaddy	n	a religion of Xshalad adopted by some Anhashnalaks	lit. 'path of holiness'
ben	vt	know; have sex with
bensa	n	knowledge
blun	n	belly, guts; fortitude, manly virtue
Cakonj	n	Tjakori
ce	pp	to, 'motion towards'
ce	pr	this one
cec	vt; iv	make, rub (ie leather); be able to
cek	n	tribe, family, clan	cf. Haiscek 'the Anhashnalaks', lit. 'the Great Tribe'
cekvn	n	tribal unity, solidarity, allegiance
ceny	n	full	cf. enceny 'to fill up'
cenj	n	fingernail; trifling small amount
ceslji	n	daner
cessa	n	dance
ces	vi	dance	cf. ences 'seduce' lit. 'give dance'
cet	conj.	but, however
ci	n	land
gonj	n	salt	Gez. go:re:
gos	n	cliff	Gez. gwɔs 'side, edge'
jog	vt	dance	Gez. jogo
jaumʉ	n	servant	Gez. jomoi 'person'
keh	n	anvil	Gez. ke:x
kuða	n	bedroom	Gez. kuza 'bed'
oc	adv.	day after tomorrow
oldð	vt.	hit, strike, punch
oldða	n.	strike, punch
of	n.	beans, grains
oj	iv.	die
oisa	n.	death, passing
jesusa	n	love, affection, care	Gez. jesu + Sht. -sa
kʉnot	n	ibex, mountain goat, goat	Gez. khoinod
kilja	n	steppe, high plains	Gez. khi:lja
kinjol	n	council, meeting	Gez. khinja:ra
kôs	n.	pine tree	Gez. kos 'tree'

c

Cakonj Tjakori

ce pp. to.

ce- pron. this

cec vi. to make leather. vt. to rub vi. be able to

cek n. tribe.

cekvn n. solidarity, allegiance to one's tribe

ceklo n. kinsman

celd vt. to understand

ceny adj. full.

cenj n.ip. fingernail.

ces vi. dance.

ceslo n. dancer

cessa n. dance

cesþ n. heart.

cet conj. but, however.

ci n land.

cic adj. straight.

cig adj. yellow., cowardly

cigakf n. a medicinal flower

cij vt. to want.

cik adj. continous.

civn n. desire

cyvlag n. flood

cos n. hair.

cufy vt. to gather, to hunt. >> cuyfuy

caiš n. breast.

cwen n. next year.

cwifj n. water.

D

da- pron. that .

damï adj. thick.

dac adv. here.

dacdy n. presence

daln vi. to swim, to fly.

dah vi. to shout.

dahas vt. to talk.

dišak n. any foreign ruler < Ad. *dizhaka

dunja n. flattery < Ad. *du~ya, praise

duh adj. good.

duk conj. therefore.

dušam adj. blue

duy n. sky

Dð

dða pp. for, dative marker.

dðel conj. because

dðaln vt. to stab.

dðûdašn n. bird.

dðam adj. red.

dðeč vt. to say.

dðeča n. word

dðun adj. long.

E

ej conj. if.

eldï n. cause.

en vt. to give.

en n. gift

enab v. to rain

enan iv. to darken vt. to set

end n. feather

endam adj. soft

eneiš vt. to fatten

enfwej v. to farm

F

fa- pron. everything, everyone, all.

fafta vt. to shoot, to launch.

fan conj. then, next.

fas vt. to mock.

fat vt. to throw.

fål vi. to swell.

fålčesþa n. sorrow <fål-česþ-sa 'heart-swelling'

fčuddz relative pronoun. where

fe conj. but.

febï vt. to cook.

fel n. child, son ERG: felj

feljin n. daughter

feny n. head, brains, smarts.

fi- relative pronoun

fis vi. to make felt.

fyjosyn n. lung

fsasyn n. knife

ftaječ vt. shoot with a bow

fwej n. seed.

fweš n. tree bark.

fwiv n. seman, essence

fwivvin n. ejaculation

fwivisp v. ejaculate

fuå vi. to breathe, to blow.

fuås vt. to inflate.

fuð n. chief.

fuðåš vt. rule

H

hab n. tree.

haf vi. to laugh.

hok n. rock

halï vt. to fasten.

han adj. black.

hanj adj. big, great ; adv. very (manifests as hai- in compounds like Haisdeya)

haišeiby n. snake, serpant < 'great-worm'

hammål adj. 624

haša n. fire.

hå adj. narrow

hå pp. outside.

hej vi. to run.

heiš n. fat, grease.

hem adj. bad.

hib adj. some.

hiš n. day.

hišåpudðï adv. tomorrow

hinå n. pine.

hinåþaš n. sap, syrup < 'pine-milk'

hlat vt. to milk.

hweiš n. neck.

hwič n. fish.

hug n. pig.

hulï n.ip. anus.

hulp vt. to hunt.

hust n. boat.

hûmaš adj. rotten.

V

vasï n. bone.

vegï adj. quick.

velh n. mountain.

vej n. hill.

ves vt. to cut, to split bevesa

vguðï n. eagle.

vgïþtuð n. cloud

vid n. wind.

viv vt. to drink.

viå vi. to live

viås vt. to give birth

vnaðaš n. sage

vosk n. spit.

voskasp vi. to spit.

vos vt. to wash.

vuš adj. heavy.

I

ið adj. slow.

iñ n. name.

iñaš iv. to have a reputation, to be somebody vt. to name

ils n. hand, bird's wing.

is vt. to fish.

ism pp. without.

išn n. wife. From éçeni 'his woman' /iʃɲ/ > [iʃn̩]

ïdasp vi. to harm

J

ja pron. 3sg.

jad adj. old.

jadv n. parent

jag vi. to play.

jagdï n. game

Jam n. the Sun

jamåišñ n. silver < 'sun-wife'

jamï n. mouth.

jas n. meat.

jaþ vt. to tend.

jaþab n. garden.

ječ n. arrow.

je conj. not

jeh n. river

jegï vt. to eat.

jelï adj. other.

jem vi. to row.

jes vt. to push.

jeså conj. nor.

ješ vt. to own

ješain vt. marry

jev conj. but not.

jisï vi. to leave.

jists vi. to come.

K

ka pp. on behalf of.

kadð n. friend.

kaiča n. gold < Gez. kaitja

kaþ adj. correct.

keč adj. dirty.

kečisp iv. make dirty

kehåig n. ore < Gez. gehoig

kek n. anvil < Gez. geg

keken n. smithy

keklå n. blacksmith

kenč pp. towards.

klehan n. domesticated animal < Shet. klehan

kluå n. leg.

kþshenh n. sister

ksah n. skin.

ksach n. mix.

ksam n. berry.

ksefn n. wild animal.

ksuþ adj. short.

kþalå n. brother. < Cet. kaθa lawa 'true man'

Kšalhå n. a Xshali

Kšalhåen n. Xshalad

kul n. hound

kud vi. to sleep.

L

la n. man, husband. ERG: lhi

lab n. smoke.

labsa n. jerkey

Lačend n. Rathedan

ladð n. many.

lai n. a horse breed from western Peilash < Shet. lai

lanañ vt. to dig.

lap vt. to steal.

lapþaš n. thief

lat pp. under.

lasï n. back.

lheif vt. to wipe.

losk n. ear.

luñ n. right, east.

lum nt. to grind, to mill.

M

ma n. place, location.

maj vi. to shine.

Majn n. the Moon.

majnåen n. dream

majnsaip vt. to dream

masï adj. wide.

maš n. earth

mašå n. human.

mašåks n. humankind, man

masï adj. wide.

mazn iv. run vt. flee

mazn n. nose.

mål adj. 64

meč n. bear.

meû part. um, uhh

mina n. mom

modð adj. four.

moln pp. along.

moš n. tongue, language

mošisp n. to speak

mosk adj. sharp.

mosï vt. to sew.

mon n. dog.

monv n. puppy

monkïks n. herd.

mu adv. completely.

mumf adj. wet.

muñ adv. the day before yesterday.

musp vt. to suck.

N

na pron. I.

nadïn n. left, west.

nač adj. tame.

namï vi. to think.

nankï n. foot

nat pp. above.

naj adj. rare

nå pp. up.

nåas it. jump

nostï adj. three.

Ñ

ñaj adj. frequent.

ñej adj. smooth.

ñel adj. white.

ñeln pp. along

ñenkï n. sheep meŋu

ñif n. fog.

ñostï adj. pale, blunt.

O

opaya n. castle, fortress < Ad. ópaia

osp n. rage.

ospas vt. to anger.

osï vt. to smell.

P

pad vi. to discover, to find

padgašbaš n. prophet

padsa n. discovery

paðï n. tail

plag adj. new; n. novelty

plam n. flower.

psam vi. to smell bad błama

psamaha n. stench błama+xa

pså vi. to walk.

psås vi. to walk away.

ptasïn n. road, path.

pudðï pp. after, behind.

pusï n. wolf. >> puysuy

S

sa pron. we

sab adj. near

sag pp. inside.

sah n. eye.; NC7. sight

sahisp v. to see

sahn n. earth.

sålå n. priest.

sank n. spirit, soul.

så conj. or.

semna n. copper < Gez. zemra

senj n. horse.

sej n. night.

sfaš vt. to fight.

sfašša n. fight.

synanj n. leaf

sþåb n. love.< česþå ab 'water of the heart'

swescin adj. surprising.

sudð adv. tomorrow.

sul adj. round.

sun adj. green. γłuna

sû adv. yesterday.

Š

š pp. down.

šankšåm vt. to know. <çiganxajóma 'stand in the fire'

šasïn n. ear

šasïnisp vt. to hear

šavyan n. goat < Dimana Lokud zhavyan id.

ščists vi. to flow in. to arrive

šeO n. star

šecisp ‘to sing’

šec pp. instead.

šedðaš singer

šedy vi. to lie down, rest

šefy n. deer.

šeiby n. worm.

šeln n. horn.

šenj adj. together.

šenjan adj. starved.

šenjanaš v. to starve

šenjin n. woman

šes n. dung.

šesisp v. to defecate

šesk n. stone.

šeš n. soil.

šešasyn n. wall, rampart.

šev n. sand.

ši adj. two.

šips adj. dry.

šipsen n. desert

šign vi. to stand

šilpy n.ip. arm.

šist vt. to teach.

šiš n. snake

šin n. lake

škan vi. to defend

škOspa v. to heal

šna n. palm of hand.

šnOsp vt. to count.

šñamv adj. thin

šñaþ vt. to build, to make.

šosp vt. to burn.

šostþyn n. ashes.

štås vi. to flow out. to leave

štsas vt. to pull.

štus vtz. to place

šuå n. guts.

šuådy n. courage

šuådyšam adj. brave, courageous

šûk vi. to float.

šûkås vi. travel.

šûkåsty n. journey, travel

T

ta pron. you(sg.).

tab adj. one.

tag n. grass.

tavj pp. on.

tekim v. trade < Xsh. t'ekim

tkač n. grassland.

tuv adj. few.

tuvdy n. scarcity, lack

tudð n. house, home.

tudðen n. village

tulus n. spice < Xsh. t'uluš, cinnamon

TH

þa vt. to do, to make.

þa- pron. that yonder

þadðï adj. far

þač adv. there.

þaš n. milk.

þamy vi. to fall.

þan adj, cold.

þaþ vt. to use.

þaþud vt. to bite < þaþ ud 'use tooth'

þemf n.ip. daughter.

þynjån n. uncle

þjalå n. secret

þuš vt. to become

þul n. wool.

þund n. father.

þuny vt. to have sex with. >> þuynuy

þuv n. root.

þwa vt. to bend.

þwadðyn n. knee.

Tþ

tþa conj. and.

tþaddh conj. moreover.

tþag vi. to sit.

tþagas vt. to seat.

tþandðn adj. repeated.

tþïvðaš n. louse.

tþïvðjåš vi. be annoying

tþkasyn n. chair.

tþos conj. also.

tþufy vt. to itch.

tþub n. fruit.

tþuå n. blood.

tþuåšam adj. bloody, violent, destructive

U

ud n. tooth.

ul n. buddy, guy < Shetamol ul

uš n. pain.

ušas vt. to cause pain.

us adj. five.

ûdðav n. egg.

W

wå n. vomit.

wåsp vi. to vomit.

wej adj. steep.

wejs vt. to kill.

wed vi. to turn. vt. to seduce

wedin(ðaš) n. seductress, prostitute

wedðy vt. to learn. From C. wedzu 'eat'

weje iv. to go, to travel to from Šet. weje to go

wen n. year.

weså n. sword < Gez. wesau

wetsy n. liver.

wogy n. clever < Shet. wogu