Sallup
| Sallup | |
| Period | c. 0 YP |
| Spoken in | |
| Total speakers | ~2000 |
| Writing system | unknown |
| Classification | unknown |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SOV |
| Morphology | unknown |
| Alignment | unknown |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Karch |
Sallup (/səlˈlup/) is a language spoken by some people living near a river.
Contents
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p b | t d | tɕ dʑ <c j> | k g | q | ʔ |
| m | n | ɲ <ñ> | ŋ | ||
| r | |||||
| s z | ɕ ʑ <š ž> | h | |||
| w | l | j | ʕ |
| Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|
| i | u | |
| e | ə | o |
| ɛ | a | ɔ |
Stress is word-final (but some clitics are unstressed, see below). In unstressed syllables, only /i u e ə a/ can occur, and /e/ only before palatals or uvulars (in which case it can be analyzed as an allophone of /i/).
The maximal syllable structure is CVC2, where C2 = /p t c~k q ʔ m n ɲ~ŋ r w j ʕ/. /c ɲ/ occur only before front vowels, whereas /k ŋ/ occur before the rest. Word-internally, only two codas are permitted - Q and N, where Q triggers gemination of the following consonant and N surfaces as a homorganic nasal.
Nouns
Case
Sallup nouns distinguish four cases: nominative, accusative, locative and instrumental.
The nominative case, which is unmarked, is used for arguments of intransitive verbs and subjects of transitive clauses.
The accusative case, which is marked with the suffix -ŋ (which replaces the final consonant) in absolute state and with the unstressed clitic cat in the construct state, is used for direct objects of transitive clauses, and in prepositional phrases.
The locative, marked with the suffix -ʕ (which also replaces the final consonant) on nouns in the absolute state and with the unstressed clitic ca: in the construct state, is used to signify location within.
- yuŋqɛ
- yuŋqɛ
- tomorrow
- gicəʔət
- gicəʔət
- mockingbird
- gəccuŋ
- gəccuŋ
- wake_up.PST
- ca
- ca
- 3SG
- huyu
- huyu
- vomit
- ʔukuwak
- ʔukuwa-k
- bird-CON
- wijjea
- wijjiy-ʕ
- sky-LOC
- səriñ
- sir-ŋ
- see-PST
The instrumental, marked with the unstressed clitic caʔ, is used for instruments.
State
Sallup nouns distinguish between absolute state, which is unmarked, and construct state, marked with the suffix -k. The construct state signifies that a noun is governed by another noun.
Construct state
Verbs
Definiteness
In Sallup, definiteness of the core argument closest to the verb is marked on said verb - i.e. there is a separate suffix for intransitive verbs (ci-), marking that the subject is definite, and for transitive verbs (ciC-), marking that the object is definite.
Sample text
How Lyqou the spider outsmarted the mockingbird
- bitəyət
- bitəyət
- long_ago
- gicəʔət
- gicəʔət
- mockingbird
- ca
- ca
- 3SG
- žancic
- žancic
- forest
- səyok
- səyo-k
- animal-CON
- sayəcuk
- sayəcur-k
- king-CON
- sa
- sa
- REL
- səʔ
- səʔ
- say.PST
- “bəʔ
- bəʔ
- 2SG
- kit
- kit
- any
- wat
- wat
- 1SG.ACC
- gassɔŋ
- gassɔŋ
- disturb\FUT
- wa
- wa
- 1SG
- ja:
- jaʕ
- 2SG
- ʔic-cat
- ʔi-c꞊cat
- head-CON꞊ACC.CON
- wa
- wa
- 1SG
- ləʕʕəwəak
- ləʕʕəwəʕ-k
- hammer-CON
- capəkək-caʔ
- capəkər-k꞊caʔ
- hammer-CON꞊INST
- gat”
- gat
- split\FUT
- səʔ
- səʔ
- say.PST
