Kibülʌiṅ/Lexicon

In stems cited with final (b) or (g) or (j), this consonant appears only before suffixal (not clitical) nonhigh vowels. A final bracketed vowel before a liquid appears only before suffixal consonants. A superscripted consonant after a stem cited with final glottalised C is the underlying consonant; if there is a superscripted vowel as well, this is the root vowel and the citation form has a lowered vowel.

The annotation "(par)" on derived verbs stands for 'past as root': initial reduplication doesn't affect past formations.

• ʌra n. (always with sex suffixes) paramour (< Merneha)
• ajub- past ajubīṅ v. fall, (with agent) drop, throw back (of a fish)
• aŋ n. flower, blossom
  • aŋʌṅjaṅr n. bee (< 'one who goes about the flowers')
• aro' ^üt n. ocean, sea
  • arüjīṅ- past arüjīṅjei- v. swim. redup 'swim around'
• ārethar- v. be tired
• cecir n. groin, crotch (< Merneha)
• cijer n. star (< Merneha)
• ciri n. kitten; young of cats and certain other animals (< Merneha)
• ccaüṅn- adv. however, nonetheless (< *ts-ax-mn-)
• cceŋiṅ- past cceŋiṅnt- v. speak (cf. kejar-)
  • cceceŋiṅ- (par) v. chatter
  • cceŋiṅmei n. ~forum
• ccerak- v. be strong, be fortified (of something built), (with agent) fortify
  • cceraguṅweiṅ n. strong place, fort
• ccethar' n. spirit, vital principle; ~apparition
• ccüi- past ccüiṅt- past2 ccüith- 'quenched one's thirst' v. drink
• e- adv. therefore, so
• egʌp- v. flinch, start(le), jerk
  • ēgʌp- v. shake, shudder
• eintel' n. joint, (esp.) shoulder
  • eintel- past eintelǖ- v. join, connect
  • eintelīṅ- past eintelīṅjei- v. go (redup: about aimlessly) among the trees in the forest canopy
• ekleiŋ' ⁿ n. rope
• elo num. eight
  • elotre num. eighty
• elper' n. mouth
• elum- past eluŋei- v. walk, go by foot
  • ēlum- (par) v. walk around, go for a walk
• en- past eniṅt- v. not be
• eru- past eruṅjiṅ- v. surprise, shock, scare
• esor- v. be weak, be pale
  • ēsor- v. be near death, be frail
• eümpʌ- past eümpeṅjiṅ- v. rise, (with agent) raise, lift
  • eümpʌmei n. hill
• ēṅr' n. stick, limb of a tree
• gar- past gariṅt- v. be (used of inanimates)
  • garuk- past garugiṅt- v. become (used of inanimates)
• geltar' quant. (an)other, more
  • geltar- v. be new, be different, be another one; adv. moreover, furthermore
  • gegeltar- v. be novel, be unusual, be surprising
• geŋla' ^k n. root
• ginʌ- v. be new, be young
• giṅgeṅ[ŋ]' ^iṅ-ŋ/k n. dog (irregularly assimilated to reduplicated; final consonant varies)
• hʌsas- past hʌsarei- v. urinate (< Merneha; the native outcome was discarded for being too collapsing)
• hareṅ- past hareṅẅüṅ- v. return, go back; (w/ agent) send back, reject
• heṅnur- past heṅnurīṅ- v. set up camp (< Merneha)
• hero' ^üt n. fungus, mushroom
• hicc n. fish
  • hiccʌr' n. school of fish
• hijar- v. be thin, be narrow
• hirʌ- v. be open, be accessible
  • hireiccar n. door
• hoilu n. tail
• Hoṅn n. the Bay of eastern Peilaš
• hoṅr' plur. haboṅr' n. person, human
• huga' ^k n. tree
• huntu- v. be old, (non-static) wait
  • huntog n. elder: thus
  • huntogʌmēj n. grandmother
  • huntogʌpʌm n. grandfather
• hükko' ^üt n. arm
• hüneiŋ' ^ŋ n. bone
  • hüneiŋar' n. (a person's) remains
• hürup- v. stand
• ijip- past ijibith- 'gave birth to' v. be pregnant
  • ijibiccar n. infant, young child
  • ithijip- v. be rich, be wealthy
• ijuk- past ijukhǖ- v. leave, go away. hyperprob. ijugakūṅbi- used for 'defecate' (orig. euphemistically)
• inra n. tongue
  • inra(g)- past inraiṅt- v. lick
• isse' ^it n. head
  • issituṅbimei n. skull
• iṅjǖṅr- v. ignore, exclude (< a fused applicative, 'look away from')
• iṅr' n. finger
  • iṅr- past iṅriṅt- v. poke
• īṅ- past īṅjeiṅ- past2 (honorific) īṅjeṅraj- v. die (honorific past < Merneha, with the root reformed after the native one)
• jʌnnü(j)- v. sleep, be asleep, (non-static) fall asleep
  • jʌnnüje' ^t n. sleep
  • jʌnnüṅjuṅweiṅ n. bed
  • jejʌnnü(j)- v. be unconscious, (non-static) faint
• jappele' ^t n. beard (reformed < PPI *... + palais)
• jeŋ- past jeŋīṅ- v. visit
  • jeŋar n. guest
• jeṅ particle yes (< PPI *ça-na, form influenced by miṅ)
  • jeṅ' ~yup
• jimmet- past jimmethei- v. hit the water, make a splash
  • jijimmet- (par) v. splash about, churn
• jǖlk- past jǖlkith- v. gather plants, harvest
  • jǖlke' ^t n. harvest, crop, (esp.) amount of a harvest or gathering
  • jǖlkre n. a fruit (< an old singulative)
• kʌba n. hide, material sewn from hides
• kʌme n. walled compound
• kʌna' ^k n. wife; (poetically) Kibülʌiṅ settlement (by extension of the folk etymology in Oiṅram)
• ka- adv. very
• kajül' n. bark (of a tree)
• kamere n. line
  • kamere- past kamereth- v. stretch, pull tight, (static without agent) be tight, be taut
• kami- v. be soft, be fuzzy
• kara(g)- v. be late (as in the day or the year)
  • karage' ^t n. evening
• kaseṅg n. wind
  • kaseṅgīṅ- past kaseṅgīṅjei- v. soar, ride the wind. redup 'soar around'
• kata(g)- past kataẅü- past2 kataith- 'caught, hunted successfully' v. hunt
  • katagar n. hunter
  • kataguṅweiṅ n hunting grounds
• kattoṅg n. guard
  • kattoṅgʌ- v. guard, watch over
  • kattoṅgē' ^t n. guard shift
• kaṅjuṅ- adv. to such a degree (that) (takes a gerund)
• kāmri- v. be overwhelming ('to' benefactive ŋi) (an unproductive derivation < kāra-)
• kārʌ- v. be large
• kejar- past kejaruṅber- v. say (cf. cceŋiṅ-)
  • kagejar- (par) v. converse, discuss
  • kejare' ^t n. language, (mode of) speech
  • kejaruṅweiṅ n. faculty of speech
• kekkar- v. vomit
  • kekkare' ^t n. vomit
• ke(ba)r- past kerīṅ- v. murder, kill (never without an agent in this sense); go out (of a fire)
  • kār n. murderer (avoids clashing with 'large' by taking a gender suffix)
  • keruṅweiṅ n. grave
• Kibül n. one of the Kigibül people
  • Kibüri pn. (a river)
• kiutto n. willow
• kiwʌṅ n. bud (of a plant)
• klage' ^it n. corner (as of the eye or the mouth) (more general?)
• kleu n. bird
  • keur' n. flock of birds
• kliu(b)- past kliubīṅ- v. fly
  • kikliu(b)- (par) v. fly around, fly here and there
• kor n. egg
  • kōr' n. clutch of eggs
• kumrʌ- v. be fat (same suffix as kārʌ-)
• küla n. pig
• küni n. fennel
• khʌ̄ particle (marking incredulity)
• khattʌŋ' ^m n. heart, (positional) area in the middle
  • khattʌm- v. beat (of the heart); be alive, live
  • khattʌme' ^t n. heartbeat
• khelpi(j)- v. be good; be kind, be considerate
• kka- adv. like, as; (introduces reported speech)
• kkacʌm- past kkacʌmīṅ- v. smash, pummel, pound (imitative)
• kkelt n. pile, heap, mound
• lʌŋkün- v. be cold
  • lʌŋkünnure' ^t n. snow ('cold rain')
• lans- past lansith- v. do again, repeat (takes a gerund)
• lappʌŋ' ^m n. seed, nut
• lem n. rock, stone
  • lemʌ- v. be firm, be solid
• liguṅ n. ancestor
• loguṅ- past logoṅgei- v. flow
  • ologuṅ- (par) v. leak, drip (fluid theme, container ablative īṅr' )
  • logoṅg n. river
  • loguṅme n. menstruation
• loi num. four
  • loitre num. forty
• lugʌme(j)- past lugʌmeẅü- v. separate, (with īṅr' ) keep s.t. out of (< fused applicative with PPI *lu, which is lost in general)
  • lugʌmeje' ^t n. wall
• mʌmer' num. six
  • mʌmetre num. sixty
• mʌmp(a)r- past mʌmpriṅt- past2 mʌmprith- 'ate one's fill' v. eat
• magʌm- past magʌmīṅ- v. break
  • mamagʌm- (par) v. shatter
• maru num. three
  • mautre num. thirty
• mera(g)- v. be careless, be silly, make a mistake
  • merage' ^t n. mistake
• mese' ^t n. bush, low plant
  • mesejīṅ- past mesejīṅjei- v. creep, crawl, sneak. redup 'crawl around' etc.
• meu n. nose
  • meu- v. be lucky
  • meumriccar blessing, charm, amulet (as for luck)
  • meulʌ̄ n. elephant
• mēj n. mother (< a clipping)
• miluṅ- past miluṅnt- v. boast, brag
  • mimiluṅ- (par) v. boast to one another
• min n. woman
  • minʌ- past mineth- v. marry (a woman)
• mi(ja)r- past mirǖ- v. see, (with agent) look
  • mimi(ja)r- (par) past2 mimirith- 'found' v. look for
• mirik- v. be short
• miṅ particle no
  • miṅ' ~nope
• miṅgis- v. hold. 'carry, bring' construed with this verb in an absolute construction
• nartʌṅ num. seven
  • nartʌṅtre num. seventy
• nibi(j)- v. be small
• niŋolʌ̄ n. sun bear
• niüṅnǖ- past niüṅnǖnt- v. sing (words as object) (from a fused applicative, 'sing following (some words)')
• nīṅ- past nīṅjei- v. go (in some direction with respect to a reference point): nearly always takes some object voice: eṅlunīṅ- 'enter', iṅrīṅnīṅ- 'pass', etc; is also the second element of various manner-of-motion compounds (basically < PPI *niç verbalised, probably contaminated with *hiçn or else as if *niç-hiçn)
• nu(wa)r- past nurīṅ- v. fall (of the rain or similar)
  • nure' ^t n. rain
• nüjʌ- adv. continuously, for awhile, for some time (e.g. rendering 'watch') (irreg. < *n-mta shortened from niç-mta)
• nütreṅ' ^s n. hand
  • nütres- past nüterith- v. grab
  • nünütres- (par) v. grapple, wrestle (with)
• nǖ- past nǖnt- v. hum, whistle
• ŋʌbeṅ(g)- past ŋʌbeṅjiṅ- v. be scary, induce fear (past allowed only when construed as punctual)
  • ŋaŋʌbeṅ(g)- (par) v. make threats against
  • ŋʌbeiṅ n. fear (an old α-inf)
• ŋigʌŋ' ^m n. berry, (esp.) currant
• ŋinǖ- past ŋinǖnt- past2 ŋinǖth- 'summoned and had appear' v. call out for, invoke
  • ŋinüẅar n. ~shaman
• ŋit- past ŋijiṅt- v. bite
  • ŋiŋit- (par) v. chew
• ŋorʌ- v. be hot
  • ŋoŋorʌ- v. boil
• ŋum n. bovine, cow
• ŋüja n. forest
  • ŋüjeṅja n. the forest, personified or spoken of in a universal sense
• ŋüreṅweiṅ n. consanguine kin; where one's consanguine kin live (base lost)
• Oiṅram pn. the Peninsula of eastern Peilaš (by folk etymology, taken to contain oiṅro)
• oiṅro n. husband (form contaminated w/ male suffix)
• ojeŋ' ⁿ n. man, male person
• onri- past onriẅü- v. work
  • ōnri- (par) v. sweat, exude
  • ōnre' ^t n. sweat
• oriṅ- v. be red (incl. orange, brown)
  • oriüṅle' ^t n. plant which grows to cover a surface
• orse' ^t n. (a) hair (typically plural); adv. a little bit, slightly
• oṅri- past oṅrith- v. come, arrive
  • ōṅri- (par) v. come and go (repeatedly)
• pʌgǖṅ- past pʌgǖṅth- v. cover, spread (over a surface), smear
  • pʌgüṅẅiṅccar n. birdlime
• pʌm n. father
• pʌmer- past pʌmeriṅt- v. cry out, scream, (static) be sorrowful, grieve
  • pʌbʌmer- (par) v. cry, sob, howl, wail
• pʌmiras- past pʌmijarīṅ- v. banish, outlaw, ostracise (< Merneha)
• peitt num. (one) hundred
• peneir' n. feather
• per quant. many
• peti- past petīṅ- v. begin, start
• pēṅgʌ- v. hurt, cause pain (thing as theme, person hurt as patient)
  • pēṅgʌske' ^t n. pain
• pittaṅr n. pair
• pī n. day
• plāŋ' ^ŋ n. edge; beach (elliptical for arütʌṅ plāŋ' sea.pgen edge)
• posi- past posīth- n. pet, caress, fondle (< ?)
• phakri n. back (anatomical); (positional) area behind or under
• phartimei n. latrine, toilet, sewer-pit (base lost)
• phiüstʌ- past phiüstʌẅü- v. peel
  • phiüstē' ^t n. peel of a fruit
  • phiüsteiccar n. fruit with a peel
• ppar (a stem for 'two', not found alone)
  • ppētre num. twenty
• ppej quant. how many
• ppuruṅ- past ppurǖṅthar- v. swallow. unsuccessful miṅppuruṅ- 'choke'
• rijeṅ' ^t n. body, torso; trunk (of a tree); (positional) area beside or next to (cf. postposition iṅrīṅ)
• ruŋi- v. dream
• sʌli- past sʌlijei- v. trade, buy or sell in trade (< Merneha or an analogous source)
• seiŋ(a)r- v. be secure; be sure, be certain
• serʌŋ' ^m n. louse
• siccer n. snake (with dissimilation)
• siruṅ- past siruṅjiṅ- v. sink, drown (can take an agent)
• siumiṅ n. oak
• solk- v. be ill, be sick
  • solkar n. sick person
  • solke' ^t n. disease, malady
  • sōlk- v. be crippled, have lost the use of a limb
  • sōlkar n. cripple
• sume quant. all, whole
• suŋei n. water
• tʌbüṅl- v. be humid (of weather); be busy, be crowded
• tʌkküs- past tʌkküriṅt- v. ingest (poison), (with agent) poison
• tʌmer- v. reside, dwell, live (at) (a falling together of PPen *tamas and *tamir)
  • tʌmeruṅweiṅ n. village
• tʌumeṅr- past tʌumeṅrǖ- past2 tʌumeṅrith- often collapsed to tʌumeth- '(have) learned, know' v. notice, observe, detect
  • tejʌumeṅr- (par) v. concentrate on, focus on
  • tʌumeth- v. know (a frequent contraction of the past2 of the root)
• taiṅp- past taiṅbīṅ- v. travel
  • taiṅbar n. traveller
  • taiṅbe' ^t n. journey
• taroŋ' ^ün n. leaf
  • tarün- v. be green or blue
• teir n. blood: 'bleed' is construed using ologuṅ- q.v.
  • teiraŋorʌ- v. be angry (< incorporated in 'be hot')
• tele' ^t n. plant
  • telekhije' ^ip n. sprout, seedling
• temiṅ n. chest, breast. full reduplication used for 'everyone'
• teŋkʌp- past teŋkʌbith- v. get, (with agent) take
• teŋluṅ- past teŋluṅẅüṅ- v. flee
  • tejeŋluṅ- (par) v. scatter (of a group of animates)
• tige' ^it quant. some
  • tigijǖṅ quant. no
• tijar- v. be bright, be shiny; be happy
  • tijar n. the Sun
  • tijijar- v. flash, flicker
• tilutt num. nine
  • tiluttetre num. ninety
• tiṅgu- v. be black (incl. dark colours)
• torso' ^k n. eye; (positional) area in front of
  • torsogar' n. face
  • torsojūṅn- v. be beautiful
• traŋ' ^ŋ n. sky
• trej num. ten
• treŋu- v. be long
  • treŋüske' ^t n. length, distance, (positional) the other end or side of
• treskijar' n. poison (orig. referring to a fish poison)
• treskiüṅjʌ- past treskiüṅjʌẅü- v. dig (< 'go among the roots', formed as the other innovative manner verbs)
  • tetreskiüṅjʌ- (par) v. dig here and there
• treṅ' ^s num. five
  • tēṅtre num. fifty
• trittes- v. (static) be awake, (non-static) wake up
• truŋu n. ant
• tumpe' ^t n. ear
• tuṅgeŋ' ^iŋ n. meat
• tünʌu n. horn; tip, point
  • tünʌu(b)- v. be fierce, be violent
• thori- past thoriẅü- past2 thorith- 'caught (fish)' v. fish, catch (fish)
  • thēr n. fisher
  • thore' ^t n. fishing; amount of fish caught
  • thorimei n. fishing qua skill
• ttʌ̄ n. land, ground; (positional) area around (broadly)
• ttʌtu num. two
• ttej num. one
• ttī n. cat
  • ttīlʌ̄ n. tiger
• ttōṅ particle even. for 'still, yet, already' use 'even then, now' (< some formation like PPI *kta mā)
• umrʌ- past umrʌẅü- v. roast. unsuccessful miuṅmrʌ- 'burn food'
  • umrʌmei n. firepit
• uṅber n. animal
  • uṅbeür' n. animal product (not etymologically a derivative!)
• uṅbimei n. house, home; room, chamber, enclosed space
• uṅgüt- past uṅgüthei- v. give; (with a gerund) let, allow
  • ʌnniuṅgüt- (par) v. (applicative used particularly for) give medicine for (a condition): thus
  • ʌnniuṅgüjar n. healer
  • ʌnniuṅgüjiccar n. (a) medicine
  • ʌnniuṅgüjuṅweiṅ n. medicine qua practice
• uṅpret- v. be heavy, be powerful
• üle' ^k n. clothing; (positional) area on the surface of
  • ülek- v. wear (clothes)
  • ülekuga' ^k n. old tree (a semantically odd formation, synchronically)
• üloṅ' ^uṅk n. worm
• üspen- past üspenith- v. weave
  • üspenar n. weaver
• üṅt(a)r- v. be white (incl. yellow and other light colours)
• wʌguṅkut- past wʌguṅkuthei- v. yield, surrender (< Merneha)
• wʌrʌn- past wʌrʌnei- v. adorn, decorate (< Merneha wǝrn-u)
• weṅr- past weṅriṅt- v. be (used of animates)
  • weṅruk- past weṅrugiṅt- v. become (used of animates)