Gezoro/Lexicon
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| word | stem | type | meaning | etymology | Western | Southern | Central | Kasadgad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| daːña | daːñɜ̃- (w) | adj | young, naïve, inexperienced (said of people) | *dłãγñẽ (cf. Tm. cańńę ‘childhood’) | doːñɜ̃ | daːnja | daːn (ja) | daːŋâ |
| digɔs | digɔsɔ- | adj | good | *duγasa ‘very good’ | digas (a) | digos (o) | diːgas (a) | digos |
| dɔzel | dɔzele- | adj | blue | *dudžeše ‘like the sky’ | dazel (e) | dozil (i) | dauzel (e) | dozer |
| dug | dugɔ- (w) | adj | correct, suitable | *duγa- ‘good’ | duga | duː | duːg (o) | dug |
| ɜ̃trañ | ɜ̃trañɔ- | adj | soft, tender, delicate | *ʔẽtałãγa ‘feather-spirit’ | ɜ̃troñ (a) | etran (o) | etran (jo) | êtraŋ |
| gem | gemɔ- (w) | adj | wrong, bad, inappropriate | *γema- | gema | geːm (o) | gaim (o) | gem |
| gemrañ | gemrañɔ- | adj | evil, malicious | *γemałãγa ‘bad spirit’ | gemroñ (a) | gimran (o) | gamran (jo) | gîraŋ |
| guːra | guːrɜ̃- (w) | adj | young, new, fresh (said of things) | *γudłũ- (cf. Tm. yocǫ) | guːrɜ̃ | guːra | guːr (a) | guːrâ |
| gulrañ | gulrañɔ- | adj | nervous, agitated, fidgety, erratic, unpredictable, tentative, preliminary | *γučiłãγa ‘fish-spirit’ | guliroñ (a) | giːran (o) | guluran (jo) | gularaŋ |
| gwiː | gwiː- (w) | adj | big, large | *γʷuye- ‘heavy’ | giː | gwiː | gai | gwiː |
| jelil | jelili- | adj | quick, swift, agile | *yečiši ‘like an arrow’ | elil (i) | iːlil (i) | jeːlil (i) | jelir |
| jɜ̃ːkʰuːm | jɜ̃ːkʰuːmɔ- | adj | sweet | *džĩʔĩkʰaʔu ʔama ‘with honey’ | eːnkhuːm (a) | joːnkhuːm (o) | jaːnkhuːm (o) | jâːkum |
| jɔd | jɔdɔ- (w) | adj | old, ancient (said of things) | *yada- | jada | jod (o) | jaud (o) | jod |
| kɔsrañ | kɔsrañɔ- | adj | friendly | *kacałãγa ‘friend-spirit’ | kasroñ (a) | kosran (o) | kasran (jo) | kosaraŋ |
| kɔtsuːm | kɔtsuːmɔ- | adj | strong, powerful | *kʷacuʔu ʔama ‘with strength’ | katsuːm (a) | getsuːm (o) | kathuːm (o) | kâtsum |
| kʰets | kʰetsu- (w) | adj | bright | *kʰecu- | khats (u) | khets (u) | keth (u) | kets |
| kʰɜ̃ː | kʰɜ̃ː- (w) | adj | black | *kʰãʔa- | khɜ̃ː | kheː | khaː | kêː |
| kʰiːlɔ | kʰiːlɔ- (w) | adj | dry | *kʰibła- | khiːla | khiːlo | khiːl (o) | kiːlo |
| kʰɔu | kʰɔu- (w) | adj | small | *kʰawa- ‘narrow’ | khoː | khuː | khau | kwau |
| lun | lunɔ- (w) | adj | green | *γłuna- | luna | luːn (o) | luːn (o) | lun |
| mɜ̃k | mɜ̃kɔ- (w) | adj | wet | *mĩkʷa- | monkha | menkho | mankha | mêk |
| mɜ̃ril | mɜ̃rili- | adj | angry, aggressive | *mĩłiši ‘like wind’ | monil (i) | miːril (i) | maːril (i) | mêrir |
| mɜ̃s | mɜ̃su- (w) | adj | thick, broad, wide | *mãsu- ‘wide’ | mɜ̃s (u) | mes (u) | mes (u) | mês |
| mɔːx | mɔːxɔ- (w) | adj | sharp | *małka- | maː | moːx (o) | moːx (o) | moːg |
| ñeːl | ñeːle- | adj | complex, sophisticated, intricate | *ñiʔeše (cf. Tm. ńiʔ- ‘detailed’) | ñeːl (e) | niːl (i) | neːl (e) | ŋeːr |
| ñɔːdu | ñɔːdu- (w) | adj | dull, blunt | *ñałdu- | ñaːdu | njoːdu | naud (u) | ŋoːdu |
| ɔluːm | ɔluːmɔ- | adj | married | *ʔašẽʔu ʔama ‘with a wife’ | aluːm (a) | oluːm (o) | oluːm (o) | olum |
| pɜ̃ja | pɜ̃jɜ̃- (w) | adj | far, distant | *pãyẽ- (cf. Tm. peńę-) | poñɜ̃ | peja | paːja | pêjâ |
| pʰit | pʰitɔ- (w) | adj | thin, narrow | *pʰita- ‘small’ | phit (a) | phid (o) | phit (o) | pit |
| pʰuːzu | pʰuːzu- (w) | adj | great, famous, heroic | *pʰuldzu- (cf. Tm. holco- ‘be desirable’) | phuːzu | phuːzu | phuːz (u) | puːzu |
| reː | reː- (w) | adj | high, tall | *leʔe- (cf. Tm. leʔ-) | reː | reː | rai | reː |
| reːsɔrañ | reːsɔrañɔ- | adj | cunning, smart | *łeʔsałãγa ‘fox-spirit’ | reːsaroñ (a) | reːsoran (o) | reːsaran (jo) | reːsoraŋ |
| rɜ̃luːm | rɜ̃luːmɔ- | adj | rich, noble, respected | *łãšiʔu ʔama ‘with horses’ | ronuːm (a) | reluːm (o) | reluːm (o) | rêlum |
| riːrañ | riːrañɔ- | adj | poisonous | *łiyałãγa ‘snake-spirit’ | riːroñ (a) | riːran (o) | riːran (jo) | riːraŋ |
| rimɔs | rimɔsɔ- | adj | old, experienced (said of people) | *łimasa (cf. Tm. homa ‘old age’) | rimas (a) | riːmos (o) | riːmas (a) | rimos |
| rɔutʰ | rɔutʰe- (w) | adj | normal, ordinary, typical | *lawtʰe- (cf. Tm. lotwe- ‘widespread, common’) | roːth (e) | ruːth (i) | ruːth (e) | raut |
| rup | rupɔ- (w) | adj | unusual, strange, weird | *łupa- (cf. Tm. hop- ‘awkward’) | rup (a) | rub (o) | rup (o) | rup |
| sɜ̃r | sɜ̃rɔ- (w) | adj | round | *sũla- | sɛna | seːr (o) | saːr (o) | ser |
| sik | sikɔ- (w) | adj | yellow | *čika- | sik (a) | sig (o) | sik (o) | sik |
| sɔñiːm | sɔñiːmɔ- | adj | stupid, foolish | *šaʔẽʔu ʔiłma ‘without a mind’ (cf. Tm. śaʔę ‘mind’) | sañiːm (a) | seniːm (o) | saniːm (o) | soŋim |
| sɔrañ | sɔrañɔ- | adj | wise, intelligent, clever | *šaʔẽłãγa ‘mind-spirit’ | sɛroñ (a) | soːran (o) | saːran (jo) | soraŋ |
| teɔliːm | teɔliːmɔ- | adj | bald | *tyašaʔu ʔiłma ‘without hair’ | tɛːliːm (a) | tjoliːm (o) | taːliːm (o) | taulim |
| tɔpil | tɔpili- | adj | rare, special, unique | *tupiši ‘like few others’ | tapil (i) | tobil (i) | topil (i) | topir |
| treː | treː- (w) | adj | flat, smooth, easy | *tleʔe- (cf. Tm. ciʔ- ‘broad, wide’) | treː | treː | trai | tarèː |
| tril | trili- (w) | adj | central, important | *tłiči- (cf. Tm. cic-) | trili | triːl (i) | triːl (i) | tarìr |
| tsubuːm | tsubuːmɔ- | adj | full | *cubũʔu ʔama (cf. Tm. comǫ ‘content (of a bag or basket)’) | tsubuːm (a) | tsubuːm (o) | thubuːm (o) | tsubum |
| tusrañ | tusrañɔ- | adj | safe, reliable, comfortable | *tucałãγa ‘house-spirit’ | tusroñ (a) | tusran (o) | tusran (jo) | tusaraŋ |
| tʰɜ̃ːrañ | tʰɜ̃ːrañɔ- | adj | beautiful, attractive, sexy (said of people) | *tʰũdułãγa ‘sex-spirit’ | thoːnoñ (a) | theːran (o) | thaːran (jo) | tsêːraŋ |
| wama | wamɜ̃- (w) | adj | rough, uneven, complicated | *bãγʷã- (cf. Tm. momą-) | omɜ̃ | waːma | waːm (a) | wamâ |
| weːli | weːli- (w) | adj | white | *webłi- (cf. Tm. wepi- ‘bright’) | weːli | wiːli | weːl (i) | weːli |
| wiːñɔm | wiːñɔmɔ- | adj | wounded, injured | *ʔuyaγẽʔu ʔama ‘with wounds’ | uːñam (a) | wiːnjom (o) | wiːnjam (o) | wiːŋom |
| wɔkʰ | wɔkʰe- (w) | adj | holy | *bakʰe ‘holiness’ | wakh (e) | wokh (i) | wokh (e) | wok |
| wɔmɔs | wɔmɔsɔ- | adj | long (in duration) | *błamasa ‘like waiting’ | omas (a) | woːmos (o) | waumas (a) | womos |
| xiːk | xiːkɔ- (w) | adj | valuable, precious | *kliγka- (cf. Tm. cek- ‘beautiful, attractive’) | iːk (a) | xiːg (o) | xiːk (o) | giːk |
| xutʰ | xutʰɔ- (w) | adj | short | *kłutʰa- | uth (a) | xuth (o) | xuth (a) | gut |
| zɜ̃l | zɜ̃li- (w) | adj | straight | *dzĩči- | zɛni | zeːl (i) | zaːl (i) | zor |
| zɔm | zɔmɔ- (w) | adj | red | *dzama- | zɛma | zoːm (o) | zaum (o) | zom |
| dɔːre | adv | here | *dadłe | daːre | doːri | doːr | doːre | |
| dɔna | adv | surprisingly | *dłanẽ (cf. Tm. canę ‘suddenly’) | danɜ̃ | doːna | daun | donâ | |
| duk | adv | therefore | *duk | duk | dug | duk | duk | |
| gɜ̃s | adv | in the end, as a result, finally | *γĩsu (cf. Tm. ńęso) | gɜ̃s | ges | ges | gês | |
| jekɔt | adv | not | *ye kut ‘not at all’ | ekat | jegod | jekot | jekot | |
| jezɛt | adv | but not | *ye džet | ezot | jezed | jaizat | jezat | |
| kɛna | adv | in fact, actually | *kʷaynã (cf. Tm. kwiną) | kɛnɜ̃ | keːna | keːn | kenâ | |
| kiːk | adv | always | *kiʔka ‘continuously’ | kiːk | kiːg | kiːk | kiːk | |
| kut | adv | (narrative particle) | *kut (cf. Tm. koʔ ‘indeed, really, completely’) | kut | kud | kut | kut | |
| kʰel | adv | but, rather, however | *kʰeči ‘instead’ | khala | kheːl | kheːl | ker | |
| kʰiñ | adv | together | *kʰiña- | khiñi | khiːn | khiːn | kiŋ | |
| miñuːm | adv | once upon a time | *miñaʔu ʔama ‘with the day before yesterday’ | miñuːm | minjuːm | minjuːm | miŋum | |
| mu | adv | really, indeed | *mu ‘completely’ | mu | mu | mu | mu | |
| niː | adv | so, thus, in this way | *niʔi | niː | niː | niː | niː | |
| nɔz | adv | sometimes | *nadže | naza | noz | nauz | nas | |
| ñɔe | adv | often | *ñaye | ñiː | njai | nai | ŋwai | |
| pʰeːts | adv | maybe, possibly | *pʰeyicu ‘like seeds’ | pheːts | pheːts | peːth | peːts | |
| suːrɔ | adv | soon | *sudła ‘tomorrow’ | suːra | suːro | suːr | suːro | |
| tɜ̃ | adv | because, due to | *tũ (cf. Tm. tǫ) | tɜ̃ | ta | ta | tê | |
| trɜ̃ | adv | again | *tłã (back-formed from *tłãtłã) | trɜ̃ | tra | tra | tarêː | |
| tsatsɔr | adv | moreover | *ca cał ‘and also’ | tsɛtsar | tsatsor | tathar | tsatsor | |
| tseːre | adv | there (visible) | *čʰedłe | tseːre | tsiːri | theːr | tseːre | |
| tsiː | adv | already | *cʰuy ‘yesterday’ | tsiː | tsiː | thiː | tsiː | |
| tsɔr | adv | also | *cał | tsɛra | tsoːr | thaːr | tsor | |
| tʰɔːre | adv | there (not visible) | *tʰadłe | thaːre | thoːri | thaːr | toːre | |
| wɜ̃i | adv | back, in reverse, the other way around | *wãyu (cf. Tm. eńo ‘again, repeatedly’) | wɜ̃ː | wai | wai | wâi | |
| =ɔːm | cj | and (postclitic, used to connect nouns within a phrase) | *ʔama ‘with’ | =aːm | =oːm | =oːm | =om | |
| iː | cj | if, whether | *ʔey | iː | iː | iː | i | |
| jɔl | cj | (complementizer) | *yaši (anaphoric intangible pronoun) | jala | joːl | joːl | jor | |
| sɔu | cj | or | *saw | soː | suː | sau | sau | |
| tsɔ | cj | and | *ca | tsa | tso | tha | tso | |
| akɔr | akɔrɔ- | n | rain | *ʔakʷała ‘result of raining’ | ɛkar (a) | agor (o) | akor (o) | akor (o) |
| deːk | deːkɔ- | n | nation, ethnicity | *dłeʔka ‘tribe’ | deːk (a) | deːg (o) | deːk (o) | deːk (o) |
| dea | dea- | n | land, region, area, place, location | *dłeʔa | dɛː | daː | deː | dià |
| dɜ̃il | dɜ̃ili- | n | spear | *dłũyeči ‘long arrow’ | doːni | diːl (i) | diːl (i) | dâir (li) |
| dɜ̃uza | dɜ̃uzɜ̃- | n | blanket | *dãbudzũ ‘thick tool’ | dɜ̃ːzɜ̃ | dauza | dauz (a) | dâuzâ |
| duːnam | duːnamu- | n | boot | *duγanãγu ‘good foot’ | duːnom (u) | duːnam (u) | duːnam (u) | duːnam (u) |
| duːtruː | duːtruː- | n | status, social standing, reputation, honor | *duγatłuwa ‘good blood’ | duːtruː | duːdruː | duːtruː | duːtaru |
| duːxap | duːxape- | n | oak tree | *duγakłĩpe ‘good wood’ | duːwop (e) | duːxab (i) | duːxap (e) | duːgap (e) |
| duz | duze- | n | sky | *dudže | duze | duz (i) | duːz (e) | dus (ze) |
| duzɛkʰei | duzɛkʰeː- | n | lightning | *dudžekʰaya ‘sky-fire’ | duzokheː | duzekhiː | duːzakhiː | duzakài |
| eːdɔ | eːdɔ- | n | lord, chief, leader | *ʔełda | eːda | eːdo | eːd (o) | eːdo |
| edɔk | edɔki- | n | snail | *ʔidakʷi ‘slow-dim’ | edak (i) | edog (i) | edok (i) | edok (i) |
| ertu | ertu- | n | reason, cause, motive | *ʔel-tu ‘because-abstr’ | ertu | judu | ertu | ertu |
| geːziːru | geːziːru- | n | butter | *γelšisłu ‘made from fat’ | geːziːru | geːziːru | geːziːr (u) | gezìːru |
| geɔk | geɔki- | n | message, fact, piece of information | *γiyakʷi ‘hear-dim’ | gɛːk (i) | goig (i) | gaːk (i) | gauk (i) |
| gepa | gepɜ̃- | n | pass (in mountains) | *γepĩ (cf. Tm. yepę) | gepɜ̃ | geba | gep (a) | gepâ |
| gɜ̃zrɔu | gɜ̃zruː- | n | Gezoro | *γãdželawe ‘big person’ | gɜ̃zoroː | gezoroː | gezorau | gêzarau |
| gil | gile- | n | day | *γiše | gile | giːl (i) | giːl (e) | gir (le) |
| ginig | ginigɔ- | n | iron | ginig (a) | giːniː | giːnig | ginig (o) | |
| gɔːreg | gɔːrege- | n | salt | *γaʔleγ ‘salt-edible’ | gaːreg (e) | goːreː | goːreg (e) | goːreg (e) |
| gɔːz | gɔːzi- | n | neck | *γalši | gaːz (i) | goːz (i) | gauz (i) | goːs (zi) |
| gɔñ | gɔñɔ- | n | leaf | *γaña | gaña | goːn (o) | gaːn (jo) | goŋ (o) |
| gɔñɔg | gɔñɔgɔ- | n | lettuce | *γañaγ ‘leaf-edible’ | gañag (a) | goːnjoː | gaːngo | goŋog (o) |
| grid | gridu- | n | peak, summit | *γʷeleydu ‘mountain’ (honorific) | gridu | grid (u) | griːd (u) | garìd (u) |
| guːgɜ̃ | guːgɜ̃- | n | life | *γʷiwaγʷĩ | guːgɜ̃ | guːga | guːg (a) | guːgâ |
| guːz | guːzi- | n | grain | *γulši ‘millet’ | guːz (i) | guːz (i) | guːz (i) | guːs (zi) |
| gul | guli- | n | fish | *γuči | guli | guːl (i) | guːl (i) | gur (li) |
| guram | gurmɔ- | n | hill | *γʷułĩma ‘slope-place’ | gurma | guːm (o) | guːm (o) | guram (a) |
| gwaːm | gwaːmɔ- | n | fortification, defensive wall | *γʷaʔãma ‘resist-place’ (cf. Tm. waʔą ‘clash with, contradict’) | goːm (a) | gwaːm (o) | gaːm (o) | gwaːm (a) |
| gwatɔːrɔ | gwatɔːrɔ- | n | air, weather | *γʷĩtala ‘collection of winds’ | gotaːra | gwatoːro | gaːtoːr (o) | gwâtòːro |
| gweːbu | gweːbu- | n | servant | *γʷełbu ‘slave’ | goːbu | gweːbu | gaib (u) | gweːbu |
| gweːkʰ | gweːkʰɔ- | n | goods, products, supplies | *γʷuyekʰa ‘heavy things’ | goːkh (a) | gweːkh (o) | geːkh (a) | gweːk (o) |
| gwei | gweje- | n | mountain | *γʷeye ‘hill’ | geː | gwiː | gai | gwai |
| gweiriːpa | gweiriːpɜ̃- | n | promontory | *γʷeyełiγpĩ ‘hill-shoulder’ | geːriːpa | gwiːriːba | giːriːp (a) | gwairìːpâ |
| gwerim | gwerimɔ- | n | west | *γʷeleyma ‘mountain-place’ | gerim (a) | gwiːrim (o) | giːrim (o) | gwerim (a) |
| gwɛkud | gwɛkudu- | n | eagle | *γʷekudu | gokud (u) | gwegud (u) | gaikud (u) | gwekud (u) |
| gwɜ̃s | gwɜ̃su- | n | bone | *γʷãsu | gɜ̃s (u) | gwes (u) | ges (u) | gwâs (u) |
| gwɜ̃seɜ̃ | gwɜ̃seɜ̃- | n | grave | *γʷãsuγẽ ‘bone-place’ | gɜ̃sɜ̃ː | gwesja | gesja | gwâsiâ |
| gwɜ̃takama | gwɜ̃takamɜ̃- | n | bat | *γʷĩtakũγʷã ‘wind-mouse’ (cf. Tm. mętkomą) | gonthɛkoma | gwenthagama | ganthakam (a) | gwâtakàmâ |
| gwɜ̃ukʰɔːs | gwɜ̃ukʰɔːsi- | n | pine tree | *γĩwakʰaʔši | goːnkhaːs (i) | gwaunkhoːs (i) | gaunkhaːs (i) | gwâukos (i) |
| gwiːjɜ̃ | gwiːjɜ̃- | n | the world | *γʷiwaγẽ ‘life-place’ | giːjɜ̃ | gwiːja | gaːja | gwiːjâ |
| gwilañ | gwilañɜ̃- | n | berry | *γʷeyłĩγ ‘many-edible’ (cf. Tm. wihę- ‘countless, innumerable’) | giloñ (ɜ̃) | gwiːlan (a) | giːlna | gwilaŋ (â) |
| gwɔraːzɜ̃ | gwɔraːzɜ̃- | n | abacus | *γʷałĩdzadzũ ‘count-tool’ | gorɛːzɜ̃ | gworaːza | goːraːz (a) | gworàːzâ |
| gwɔs | gwɔsu- | n | side, edge | *γʷasu (cf. Tm. oso) | gos (u) | gwos (u) | goːs (u) | gwos (u) |
| iːz | iːzɔ- | n | hand | *ʔilsa | iːz (a) | iːz (o) | iːz (o) | iːs (o) |
| iːzumɔkuː | iːzumɔkuː | n | shield | *ʔilsaʔu ʔũγʷukuʔu ‘solid shell of the hand’ | iːzumakuː | iːzunkhuː | iːzuːnkhuː | izumokùː |
| iːzurat | iːzuratɔ- | n | palm (of the hand) | *ʔilsaʔu lat ‘under the hand’ | iːzurɛt (a) | iːzurad (o) | iːzurto | izurat (o) |
| iseːzigɜ̃ | iseːzigɜ̃- | n | metallurgy | *ʔisaʔeʔdžiγʷĩ ‘hot sculpting’ | iseːzigɜ̃ | iseːzoi | iseːzig (a) | isezìgen |
| itsɔɜ̃ | itsɔɜ̃- | n | hook | *ʔičʰadzũ ‘fish-catcher’ | itsɜ̃ː | itsau | ithau | itsâu |
| jaːner | jaːnerɔ- | n | picture, image | *yẽʔneła ‘result of painting’ | ɛːner (a) | jaːnir (o) | jaːner (o) | jaːner (o) |
| jaːnɛkʰɛd | jaːnɛkʰɛdɔ- | n | paintbrush | *yẽʔnekʰeda ‘paint-thing’ | ɛːnokhod (a) | jaːnkhed (o) | jaːnkhad (o) | janakèd (o) |
| jasɔd | jasɔdu- | n | sacrifice, offering | *yãsadu ‘meat’ (honorific) | ɛsad (u) | jasod (u) | jasad (u) | jâsod (u) |
| jasɔg | jasɔgɔ- | n | meat | *yãsaγ ‘meat-edible’ | ɛsag (a) | jasoː | jasag (o) | jâsog (o) |
| jatʰɔg | jatʰɔgɔ- | n | garden | *yatʰaγ ‘garden-edible’ | ɛthag (a) | jathoː | jathag (o) | jatog (o) |
| jeːñeː | jeːñeː- | n | uncle | *yeʔñeyaʔe ‘descendant of grandfather’ | eːñeː | jeːnjeː | jaːnjeː | jeːŋe |
| jel | jeli- | n | arrow | *yeči | eli | iːli | jeːl (i) | jer (li) |
| jelilet | jeliletu- | n | speed, swiftness, agility | *yečišitu ‘arrow-like-ness’ | elilet (u) | iːliled (u) | jeːlilet (u) | jelilèt (u) |
| jelkad | jelkadu- | n | tip (of a spear or arrow) | *yečiʔu kʷẽdu ‘arrow-head’ | elkɛd (u) | iːgad (u) | jelkad (u) | jerkâd (u) |
| jezɔr | jezɔrɔ- | n | war | *yedzała ‘result of pushing’ | ezar (a) | jezor (o) | jaizor (o) | jezor (o) |
| jɜ̃ː | jɜ̃ː- | n | bee | *džĩʔĩ | jɜ̃ː | jeː | jaː | jâː |
| jɜ̃ːkʰ | jɜ̃ːkʰɔ- | n | honey | *džĩʔĩkʰa | eːnkha | joːnkho | jaːkh (a) | jâːk (o) |
| jɜ̃ːli | -zɜ̃ːli- | n | breast | *džũbłi | eːni | iːli | jaːl (i) | jâːli |
| jɜ̃u | jɜ̃u- | n | hole | *yãbu ‘mouth’ | jɜ̃ː | jau | jau | jâu |
| jɜ̃z | jɜ̃zu- | n | bag | *yãdzu (cf. Tm. yano) | jɜ̃ːzu | jez (u) | jaːz (u) | jâs (zu) |
| jɔb | jɔbi- | n | part, piece | *yabi (cf. Tm. yawi) | jebi | job (i) | jaub (i) | job (i) |
| jɔlgɜ̃ | jɔlgɜ̃- | n | marriage | *yašiγʷĩ ‘holding’ | jalgɜ̃ | jaiga | jolga | jorgâ |
| jɔm | jɔmɔ- | n | sun | *yama | jama | joːm (o) | jaum (o) | jom (o) |
| jɔmeɔː | jɔmeɔː- | n | person | *yamayaʔa | ɛmaː | jomoi | jamaː | jomòː |
| jubleg | jublegi- | n | cheese | *yubišiγ | ibleg (i) | jubleː | jubleg (i) | jubleg (i) |
| jupakʰ | jupakʰɔ- | n | ashes | *yupʰakʰa ‘that which remains’ | jupɛkh (a) | jubakh (o) | jupakh (a) | jupak (o) |
| kaduːrɔ | kaduːrɔ- | n | army | *kʷẽdula ‘collection of heads’ | kɛduːra | gaduːro | kaduːr (o) | kâdùːro |
| kama | kamɜ̃- | n | mouse | *kũγʷã (cf. Tm. komą) | komɜ̃ | kaːma | kaːm (a) | kamâ |
| katsud | katsudu- | n | strength, energy, courage | *kʷacudu ‘strength’ (honorific) | kɛtsud (u) | katsud (u) | kathud (u) | katsud (u) |
| keːx | keːxɔ- | n | anvil | *kʰełka ‘stone’ | keː (jɛ) | keːx (o) | keːx (o) | keːg (o) |
| kekeɜ̃ | kekeɜ̃- | n | hearth, fireplace, kitchen | *kʷekʷuγẽ ‘cook-place’ | kekɜ̃ː | kegja | kekja (a) | kekiâ |
| kel | keli- | n | back (body part) | *kʷeči (cf. Tm. kwece ‘backbone; pillar’) | keli | kiːl (i) | keːl (i) | ker (li) |
| ker | kerɔ- | n | child | *kʷela | kera | keːr (o) | keːr (o) | ker (o) |
| kesɔr | kesɔrɔ- | n | felt | *kʷisała ‘result of squeezing’ | kesar (a) | kesor (o) | kesar (o) | kesor (o) |
| keuːnɔ | keuːnɔ- | n | goat | *kyuʔna (cf. Tm. ćoʔna) | kuːna | koino | koːn (o) | kuːno |
| kɜ̃ːkʰiː | kɜ̃ːkʰiː- | n | arable soil | *kʰãʔakʰeya ‘black soil’ | koːnkhiː | koːnkhiː | kaːnkhiː | kêːki |
| kɜ̃d | kɜ̃du- | n | head | *kʷẽdu | kɜ̃du | ked (u) | kaːd (u) | kêd (u) |
| kɜ̃dukʰ | kɜ̃dukʰɔ- | n | hat, helmet | *kʷẽdukʰa ‘head-thing’ | kɜ̃dukh (a) | kedukh (o) | kaːdukh (a) | kêduk (o) |
| kɜ̃kʰ | kɜ̃kʰɔ- | n | finger | *kẽkʰa (cf. Tm. kęka) | konkha | kekh (o) | kekh (a) | kêk (o) |
| kiːjakʰ | kiːjakʰɔ- | n | torch | *kʷiyĩkʰa ‘cave-thing’ | kiːjɛkh (a) | kiːjakh (o) | kiːjakh (a) | kiːjâk (o) |
| kiːñɜ̃ | kiːñɜ̃- | n | cave | *kʷiyĩγẽ ‘cave-place’ | kiːñɜ̃ | kiːnja | kiːn (ja) | kiːŋâ |
| kintʰɔr | kintʰɔrɔ- | n | wall (of a house) | *kʰiñatʰała ‘result of building’ | kinthar (a) | kinthor (o) | kinthar (o) | kîtor (o) |
| kirnam | kirnamɜ̃- | n | provisions, stored food | *kilnũγ ‘provide-edible’ | kirnom (ɜ̃) | koinam (a) | kiːnam (a) | kiranam (â) |
| kɔkʰeɔk | kɔkʰeɔki- | n | ore | *kʰãʔakʰeyakʷi ‘black sand’ | kakhɛːk (i) | gekhoig (i) | kokhaːk (i) | kokàuk (i) |
| kɔkʰeɔkeɜ̃ | kɔkʰeɔkeɜ̃- | n | mine | *kʰãʔakʰeyakʷiγẽ ‘black-sand-place’ | kakhɛːkɜ̃ː | gekhoija | kokhaːkja | kokàukiâ |
| kɔn | kɔnɔ- | n | group (of people) | *kana (cf. Tm. kana) | kana | koːn (o) | koːn (o) | kon (o) |
| kɔpʰa | kɔpʰɜ̃- | n | wild animal | *kʷapʰũ (cf. Emp. kophum ‘roe’) | kaphɜ̃ | kopha (a) | koph (a) | kopâ |
| kɔsrɔu | kɔsruː- | n | friend | *kacalawa ‘friend-person’ | kasroː | kosroː | kasrau | kosarau |
| kuːgak | kuːgakɔ- | n | turtle | *kuʔuγũka ‘shell-pig’ (cf. Tm. koʔńǫka) | kuːgɛk (a) | kuːgag (o) | kuːgak (o) | kuːgâk (o) |
| kuːtʰɔ | kuːtʰɔ- | n | sweat | *kułtʰa | kuːtha | kuːtho | kuːth (a) | kuːto |
| kuːza | kuːzɜ̃- | n | bed, mattress | *kudadzũ ‘sleep-tool’ | kuːzɜ̃ | kuːza | kuːz (a) | kuːzâ |
| kula | kulɜ̃- | n | bow | *kʷučĩ (cf. Tm. kwoćę ‘sinew’) | kulɜ̃ | kuːla | kuːl (a) | kulâ |
| kur | kuru- | n | wolf | *kʷułu | kuru | kuːr (u) | kuːr (u) | kur (u) |
| kʰaːñɜ̃t | kʰaːñɜ̃tɔ- | n | crow, raven | *kʰãʔaʔẽta ‘black feather’ | khoːñontha | khaːnjentho | kaːntho | kaːŋêt (o) |
| kʰed | kʰedɔ- | n | thing, object | *kʰeda (cf. Tm. kera) | khada | khed (o) | kheːd (o) | ked (o) |
| kʰeirɔu | kʰeiruː- | n | farmer, peasant | *kʰeyalawa ‘soil-person’ | kheːroː | khiːroː | khiːrau | kairau |
| kʰeiwɛtsa | kʰeiwɛtsɜ̃- | n | shovel | *kʰeyawetadzũ ‘soil-turner’ | kheːwotsɜ̃ | khiːwetsa | khiːwath (a) | kaiwàtsâ |
| kʰeɔːtsa | kʰeɔːtsɜ̃- | n | charcoal | *kʰayałacũ ‘ashes’ | khaːtsɜ̃ | khoitsa | kaːth (a) | koːtsâ |
| kʰernɔ | kʰernɔ- | n | horn (of an animal) | *kʰelna | kharna | khoino | kheːn (o) | keran (o) |
| kʰernɔd | kʰernɔdu- | n | ibex, mountain goat | *kʰelnadu ‘horn’ (honorific) | kharnad (u) | khoinod (u) | kheːndu | keranòd (u) |
| kʰes | kʰesɔ- | n | dung | *kʰesa | khas (a) | khes (o) | khes (a) | kes (o) |
| kʰesnu | kʰesnu- | n | light | *kʰecunuwa ‘bright flame’ | khasnu | khesnu | khesnu | kesan (u) |
| kʰɜ̃ːgil | kʰɜ̃ːgile- | n | solar eclipse | *kʰãʔaγiše ‘black day’ | khɜ̃ːgil (e) | kheːgil (i) | khaːgil (e) | kêːgir (li) |
| kʰɜ̃ːxap | kʰɜ̃ːxape- | n | ebony tree | *kʰãʔakłĩpe ‘black wood’ | khoːnɛp (e) | kheːxab (i) | khaːxap (e) | kêːgâp (e) |
| kʰiːleɜ̃ | kʰiːleɜ̃- | n | steppe, desert | *kʰibłaγẽ ‘dry place’ | khiːlɜ̃ː | khiːlja | khiːlja | kiːliâ |
| kʰiːlɔxak | kʰiːlɔxake- | n | leather | *kʰibłakłãke ‘dry skin’ | khiːlaːk (e) | khiːloxag (i) | khiːloxak (e) | kiːrgâk (e) |
| kʰib | kʰibu- | n | snake | *kʰeybu ‘worm’ | khibu | khib (u) | khiːb (u) | kib (u) |
| kʰig | kʰigɔ- | n | water | *kʰiγʷa (cf. Tm. kiho ‘drop of liquid’) | khiga | khiː | khiːg (o) | kig (o) |
| kʰiñeɔr | kʰiñeɔrɔ- | n | council, assembly | *kʰiñaʔayała ‘result of being together’ | khiñɛːra | khinjaːra | khinjaːr (o) | kiŋaur (o) |
| kʰit | kʰitɔ- | n | womb, vagina | *kʷʰeyta | khit (a) | khid (o) | khit (o) | kit (o) |
| kʰɔːs | kʰɔːsi- | n | tree | *kʰaʔši | khaːs (i) | khoːs (i) | khaːs (i) | koːs (i) |
| kʰɔːseɜ̃ | kʰɔːseɜ̃- | n | grove | *kʰaʔšiγẽ ‘tree-place’ | khaːsɜ̃ː | khoːsja | khaːsja | koːsiâ |
| kʰɔe | kʰɔjɔ- | n | fire | *kʰaya | khiː (jɛ) | khai | khai | kwai |
| kʰɔekɛːx | kʰɔekɛːxɔ- | n | slag brick | *kʰayakʰełka ‘fire-stone’ | khiːkɛː (jɛ) | khaikeːx (o) | khaikeːx (o) | kwaikag (o) |
| kʰɔeteɜ̃ | kʰɔeteɜ̃- | n | gold | *kʰayatayũ ‘fire-mineral’ | khiːtɜ̃ː | khaidja | khaitja | kwaitiâ |
| kʰɔjɔm | kʰɔjɔmɔ- | n | furnace, smelting oven | *kʰayama ‘fire-place’ | khajɛm (a) | khojom (o) | khaːjam (o) | kojom (a) |
| kʰɔrɔzɜ̃ | kʰɔrɔzɜ̃- | n | rope | *kʰaludzũ ‘tool for tying’ | kharazɜ̃ | khoːroza | khaːroz (a) | koròzâ |
| kʰur | kʰuru- | n | buttocks | *kʰulu ‘anus’ | khuru | khuːr (u) | khuːr (u) | kur (u) |
| kʰus | kʰusu- | n | oil | *kʰusu | khus (u) | khus (u) | khus (u) | kus (u) |
| kʰusram | kʰusrami- | n | olive | *kʰusułẽmi ‘oil-fruit’ | khusrom (i) | khusram (i) | khusram (i) | kusaram (i) |
| lɔːjɔe | lɔːjɔe- | n | god | laːjeː | loːjai | loːjai | loːjai | |
| luzakʰ | luzakʰɔ- | n | loot, booty | *γludžẽkʰa (cf. Tm. leńę ‘seize’) | luzɛkh (a) | luzakh (o) | luːzakh (a) | luzâk (o) |
| mam | mamu- | n | sheep | *mẽγu | momu | maːm (u) | maːm (u) | mam (u) |
| mamɔtsɔm | mamɔtsɔmɔ- | n | meadow, pasture | *mẽγucʰama ‘sheep-land’ | momatsam (a) | maːntsom (o) | maːntham (o) | mamotsom (a) |
| mamrɔu | mamruː- | n | shepherd | *mẽγulawu ‘sheep-person’ | momroː | mamroː | mamrau | mârau |
| meːsɔɜ̃ | meːsɔɜ̃- | n | needle | *meʔšudzũ ‘tool for sewing’ | meːsɜ̃ː | meːsau | meːsau | meːsâu |
| mer | meri- | n | tongue | *mełi | meri | miːr (i) | meːr (i) | mer (i) |
| mez | mezɔ- | n | dog | *medza | meza | mez (o) | maiz (o) | mes (zo) |
| mɜ̃r | mɜ̃ri- | n | wind | *mĩłi (cf. Tm. mińi) | moni | miːr (i) | maːr (i) | men (^ri) |
| mɜ̃seak | mɜ̃seaki- | n | the Aiwa river | *mãsuyãki ‘wide river’ | mɜ̃sɛːk (i) | mesaːg (i) | mesjak (i) | mêsiak (i) |
| mɜ̃za | mɜ̃zɜ̃- | n | nose | *mãdzã | mɜ̃zɜ̃ | meza | maːz (a) | mêzâ |
| min | minɔ- | n | mother | *mina | mina | miːn (o) | miːn (o) | min (o) |
| mɔːpa | mɔːpɜ̃- | n | hip | *maγpĩ (cf. Tm. mapę) | maːpɜ̃ | moːba | moːp (a) | moːpâ |
| mɔːri | mɔːri- | n | bear | *madłi | maːri | moːri | moːr (i) | moːri |
| mɔːxazɜ̃ | mɔːxazɜ̃- | n | knife | *małkadzũ ‘sharp tool’ | maːwozɜ̃ | moːxaza | moːxaz (a) | mogàzâ |
| mɔk | mɔki- | n | room (in a house) | *makʷi ‘place-dim’ | mak (i) | mog (i) | mok (i) | mak (i) |
| mɔkuː | mɔkuː- | n | armor | *ʔũγʷukuʔu ‘solid shell’ | makuː | moguː | mokuː | maku |
| mɔkʰɔːrɔu | mɔkʰɔːruː- | n | smith | *ʔũγʷukʰadulawu ‘metal-person’ | makhaːroː | mokhoːroː | mokhaːrau | mokòːrau |
| mɔkʰɔd | mɔkʰɔdu- | n | bronze; metal | *ʔũγʷukʰadu ‘solid thing’ (honorific)) | makhad (u) | mokhod (u) | mokhad (u) | makod (u) |
| nam | namu- | n | foot | *nãγu | nomu | naːm (u) | naːm (u) | nam (u) |
| namuk | namuki- | n | toe | *nãγukʷi ‘foot-dim’ | nomuk (i) | naːnkhi | naːnkhi | namuk |
| neikad | neikadu- | n | deer | *neγlakʷadu ‘white tail’ | neːkɛd (u) | niːgad (u) | niːkad (u) | naikad (u) |
| neixɔm | neixɔmɔ- | n | mushroom | *neγlakłama ‘white berry’ | neːjɛm (a) | niːxom (o) | niːxam (o) | naigom (a) |
| nɜ̃pʰ | nɜ̃pʰi- | n | belt | *nĩpʰi (cf. Tm. nęhi) | nomphi | nemphi | namphi | nêp (i) |
| nɜ̃u | nɜ̃wi- | n | brooch, fibula | *nẽwi brooch, fibula | nomi | nau | nau | nâu |
| niːrɔː | niːrɔː- | n | silver | *neγlałaγa ‘white eye’ | niːraː | niːroː | niːroː | niːro |
| nintʰa | nintʰɜ̃- | n | bread | *ninitʰã | ninthɜ̃ | nintha | nintha | nîtâ |
| nipʰ | nipʰɔ- | n | cloud | *nipʰa ‘fog’ | niph (a) | niph (o) | niph (a) | nip (o) |
| nɔːtsa | nɔːtsɜ̃- | n | bridge | *natadzũ ‘that which is above’ | naːtsɜ̃ | noːtsa | naːth (a) | noːtsâ |
| nɔda | nɔdɜ̃- | n | left side | *nadũ | nadɜ̃ | noda | naud (a) | nadâ |
| nɔdadeɜ̃ | nɔdadeɜ̃- | n | left-handed person | *nadũdayũ ‘left-person’ | nadɛdɜ̃ː | nodadja | naudadja | nadâdiâ |
| nɔlɛxepʰa | nɔlɛxepʰɜ̃- | n | domestic animal | *načekłepʰã ‘tame animal’ | nalɛːphɜ̃ | nalaxepha | nolaxeph (a) | nolegèpâ |
| nɔlrɜ̃l | nɔlrɜ̃li- | n | horse | *načełãši ‘tame horse’ | naloron (i) | niːral (i) | noloral (i) | nalaròr (li) |
| nɔrɔːla | nɔrɔːlɜ̃- | n | girl, daughter | *nałaʔašẽ ‘young woman’ | naraːlɜ̃ | neroːla | noroːl (a) | noroːlâ |
| nɔrɔk | nɔrɔki- | n | baby, toddler | *nałakʷi ‘young-dim’ | narak (i) | noːrog (i) | noːrok (i) | narki |
| nuː | nuː- | n | flame | *nuwa | nuː | nuː | nuː | nuː |
| numliː | numliː- | n | beard | *numẽčiγli ‘face-beard’ | numliː | numliː | numliː | nûli |
| ñelekʰ | ñelekʰɔ- | n | jewel | *ñešikʰa ‘smooth thing’ | ñelekh (a) | njeːlekh (o) | neːlkha | ŋerko |
| ñepɜ̃d | ñepɜ̃du- | n | main gate (of a city or castle) | *ñipãdu ‘door’ (honorific) | ñepɜ̃d (u) | njebed (u) | neped (u) | ŋepêd (u) |
| ñipa | ñipɜ̃- | n | door | *ñipã (cf. Tm. ńipą) | ñipɜ̃ | njeba | nip (a) | ŋipâ |
| ɔːña | ɔːñɜ̃- | n | color | *ʔałñũ (cf. Tm. ahńǫ) | aːñɜ̃ | oːnja | oːn (ja) | oːŋâ |
| ɔdeakʰ | ɔdeakʰɔ- | n | danger, risk | *ʔadyakʰa ‘fear-thing’ | adɛːkh (a) | odjakh (o) | odeːkh (a) | odiak (o) |
| ɔla | ɔlɜ̃- | n | woman, wife | *ʔašẽ | alɜ̃ | ola | ol (a) | olâ |
| pam | pami- | n | word | *pũγʷi (cf. Tm. pomi) | pomi | paːm (i) | paːm (i) | pam (i) |
| pɜ̃k | pɜ̃ki- | n | bowl, mug | *pũki (cf. Tm. pǫki) | ponkhi | penkhi | pankhi | pêk (i) |
| pɜ̃z | pɜ̃zi- | n | basket | *pãdži (cf. Tm. peńi) | pɜ̃zi | pez (i) | paːz (i) | pês (zi) |
| pɜ̃zim | pɜ̃zmɔ- | n | storehouse | *pãdžima ‘basket-place’ | pɜ̃zim (i) | pezim (o) | paːmo | pêzim (a) |
| plɔukʰ | plɔukʰɔ- | n | shoe | *pławakʰa ‘walk-thing’ | ploːkh (a) | pluːkh (o) | pluːkh (a) | palàuk (o) |
| pluːm | pluːmɔ- | n | road, path | *pławama ‘walk-place’ | pluːm (a) | pluːm (o) | pluːm (o) | palùːm (a) |
| puːkʰɛd | puːkʰɛdɔ- | n | flute | *pʰiwakʰeda ‘blow-thing’ | puːkhod (a) | puːkhed (o) | puːkhad (o) | puːkad (o) |
| pʰɔːrɔu | pʰɔːruː- | n | penis | *pʰalalawa ‘grow-person’ | phaːroː | phuːruː | phoːrau | poːrau |
| pʰɔːzɜ̃ | pʰɔːzɜ̃- | n | pump, bellows | *pʰiwadzũ ‘blow-tool’ | phaːzɜ̃ | phoːza | phaːz (a) | poːzâ |
| pʰɔdɔːrɔ | pʰɔdɔːrɔ- | n | alliance | *pʰudala ‘collection of chiefs’ | phadaːra | phodoːro | phadoːr (o) | podòːro |
| pʰɔlɜ̃ | pʰɔlɜ̃- | n | lowlands; the Aiwa valley | *pʰalaγẽ ‘far place’ | phalɜ̃ | phoːla | phaːl (a) | polâ |
| pʰudeɜ̃ | pʰudeɜ̃- | n | country, territory | *pʰudaγẽ ‘chief-place’ | phudɜ̃ː | phudja | phuːdja | pudiâ |
| ram | rami- | n | fruit | *łẽmi | romi | raːm (i) | raːm (i) | ram (i) |
| ramiːru | ramiːru- | n | jam, jelly, stewed fruit | *łẽmisłu ‘made from fruit’ | romiːru | ramiːru | ramiːr (u) | ramìːru |
| ramɔg | ramɔgɔ- | n | flour | *lũmaγ ‘grind-edible’ | romag (a) | raːmoː | raːmog (o) | ramog (o) |
| rañɔd | rañɔdu- | n | ancestor | *łãγadu ‘spirit’ (honorific) | roñad (u) | raːnjod (u) | raːndu | raŋod (u) |
| reːsɔ | reːsɔ- | n | fox | *łeʔsa | reːsa | reːso | reːs (a) | reːso |
| reːtsɔm | reːtsɔmɔ- | n | highland; the Rathedān | *leʔecʰama (cf. Tm. leʔcahma) | reːtsam (a) | reːtsom (o) | reːtham (o) | reːtsom (a) |
| rɜ̃ːsurɔu | rɜ̃ːsuruː- | n | enemy | *łĩʔsulawu ‘hate-person’ | rɜ̃ːsuroː | reːsuroː | raːsurau | rêsurau |
| rɜ̃s | rɜ̃su- | n | body, torso | *lãsu ‘back’ | rɜ̃s (u) | res (u) | res (u) | rês (u) |
| rɜ̃ts | rɜ̃tsɔ- | n | egg | *lãca | rɜ̃ts (a) | rets (o) | reth (a) | rêts (o) |
| rɜ̃xadei | rɜ̃xadiː- | n | merchant, trader | *lũkladaya ‘trade-person’ | rɜ̃ːdeː | rexadiː | rexadai | rêgadài |
| riːgaːx | riːgaːxɔ- | n | acid, poison | *łiyaγʷałka ‘snake-spit’ | riːgɛː (jɛ) | riːgaːx (o) | riːgaːx (o) | riːgag (o) |
| riːnɔ | riːnɔ- | n | valley | *łiʔna (cf. Tm. hiʔna) | riːna | riːno | riːn (o) | riːno |
| riːpa | riːpɜ̃- | n | shoulder; side | *łiγpĩ (cf. Tm. hipę) | riːpɜ̃ | riːba | riːp (a) | riːpâ |
| rimɔd | rimɔdu- | n | elderly person | *łimadu ‘old’ (honorific) | rimad (u) | riːndu | riːndu | rimod (u) |
| rin | rinɔ- | n | lake | *łina | rina | riːn (o) | riːn (o) | rin (o) |
| rɔː | rɔː- | n | man, husband | *la | roː | roː | rau | roː |
| rɔːjɜ̃u | rɔːjɜ̃u- | n | chimney | *laγʷayãbu ‘smoke-mouth’ | raːjɜ̃ː | roːjau | roːjau | roːjâu |
| rɔːx | rɔːxɔ- | n | ear | *lałka | raː (wo-) | roːx (o) | roːx (o) | roːg (o) |
| rɔg | rɔgɔ- | n | eye | *łaγa | raga | roː | raug (o) | rog (o) |
| rɔjɔu | rɔjuː- | n | scout, diplomat | *łaγlawa ‘eye-person’ | rajoː | rojuː | roːjau | rojau |
| rɔk | rɔki- | n | boy, son | *lakʷi ‘man-dim’ | rak (i) | rog (i) | rok (i) | rok (i) |
| rɔkeɜ̃ | rɔkeɜ̃- | n | vicinity, surroundings | *łakʷaγẽ ‘near-place’ | rakɜ̃ː | rogja | rokja | rokiâ |
| rɔñeɜ̃ | rɔñeɜ̃- | n | field | *lañaγẽ ‘dig-place’ | rañɜ̃ː | roːnja | raːnja | roŋiâ |
| rɔug | rɔugu- | n | spices | *łaʔuγ (cf. Tm. hoʔ ‘delicious, tasty’) | roːg (u) | ruː | raug (u) | raug (u) |
| ruːmɜ̃ | ruːmɜ̃- | n | method, manner | *luγũγʷĩ ‘action, activity’ | ruːmɜ̃ | ruːma | ruːm (a) | ruːmâ |
| rukeɔm | rukeɔmɔ- | n | south | *łukyama (cf. Tm. hoća ‘summer’) | rukɛːm (a) | rukoim (o) | rukjam (o) | rukaum (a) |
| rum | rume- | n | signal call | *łume (cf. Tm. home ‘song, tune’) | rume | ruːm (i) | ruːm (e) | rum (e) |
| ruma | rumɜ̃- | n | right side | *lumẽ | rumɜ̃ | ruːma | ruːm (a) | rumâ |
| saːnedeɜ̃ | saːnedeɜ̃- | n | village | *sãkneduγẽ ‘place to dwell in’ | soːnedɜ̃ː | saːnedja | saːnedja | sanediâ |
| sabeɔr | sabeɔrɔ- | n | warrior | *sabayala ‘fight-man’ | sɛbɛːra | sabaːr (o) | sabaːr (o) | sabàur (o) |
| sakits | sakitsi- | n | garlic | sɛkits (i) | sagits (i) | sakith (i) | sakits (i) | |
| sarɔk | sarɔki- | n | ring | *sũlakʷi ‘round-dim’ | sɛrak (i) | saːrog (i) | saːrki | sarok (i) |
| seːtakʰiː | seːtakʰiː- | n | slag | *šeʔtakʰeya ‘flow-soil’ | seːtɛkhiː | seːdakhiː | seːtakhiː | setakìː |
| seːtɔm | seːtɔmɔ- | n | river | *šeʔtama ‘flow-place’ | seːtam (a) | seːdom (o) | seːtam (o) | seːtom (a) |
| seːzɔ | -leːzɔ- | n | heart | *čełdza | seːza | seːzo | seːz (o) | seːzo |
| sei | sei- | n | night | *sayi | seː | siː | siː | sai |
| sepa | -lepɜ̃- | n | younger brother | *šepã (cf. Tm. śepą ‘son, heir, descendant’) | sepɜ̃ | seba | sep (a) | sepâ |
| sɛkʰuːru | sɛkʰuːru- | n | forest | *čekʰusłu (cf. Emp. tsékhullú ‘thicket, grove’) | sokhuːru | sekhuːru | sakhuːr (u) | sakùːru |
| sɛsañ | sɛsañɜ̃- | n | beer | *sayšĩγ ‘drink-edible’ | sɛsoñ (ɜ̃) | sesan (a) | sasan (ja) | sesaŋ (â) |
| sɛsɔɜ̃ | sɛsɔɜ̃- | n | cup, drinking-horn | *sayšĩdzũ ‘drink-tool’ | sɛsɜ̃ː | sesau | sasau | sesâu |
| sɜ̃riːz | sɜ̃riːzɔ- | n | fist | *sũlaʔilsa ‘round hand’ | soniːz (a) | seriːz (o) | seriːz (o) | sêris (zo) |
| sinɔzɜ̃ | sinɔzɜ̃- | n | bucket | *činudzũ ‘full tool’ | sinazɜ̃ | siːnoza | siːnoz (a) | sinòzâ |
| sleu | sleu- | n | star | *šešewa | sluː | sloi | sloː | salau |
| sɔɜ̃ːru | sɔɜ̃ːru- | n | idea, plan, concept | *šaʔẽsłu ‘made from the mind’ | soːnu | suːru | soːr (u) | sêːru |
| suːrat | suːratɔ- | n | the future | *sudłatu ‘tomorrow-ness’ | suːrɛt (a) | suːrad (o) | suːrat (o) | suːrat (o) |
| takɔːre | takɔːre- | n | the Tjakori plateau | *takadłe ‘grassland’ | tɛkaːre | dakoːri | takoːr (e) | takòːre |
| teɔd | teɔdu- | n | religious duty | *tãyadu ‘must’ (honorific) | tɛːd (u) | toid (u) | taːd (u) | taud (u) |
| teɔl | teɔlɔ- | n | hair, fur | *tyaša | tɛːla | taːl (o) | taːl (o) | taur (lo) |
| tɜ̃jakʰ | tɜ̃jakʰɔ- | n | task | *tãyakʰa ‘must-thing’ | toñɛkh (a) | tejakh (o) | taːjakh (a) | têjak (o) |
| tɜ̃k | tɜ̃ku- | n | dried meat | *tẽku (cf. Emp. teŋú ‘jerky’) | tonkhu | tenkhu | tek (u) | têk (u) |
| tisa | tisɜ̃- | n | snow | *tuysũ (cf. Tm. twisǫ) | tisɜ̃ | tisa | tis (a) | tisâ |
| tɔːmu | tɔːmu- | n | time, period, era, generation | *taγmu (cf. Tm. tomo) | taːmu | toːmu | toːm (u) | toːmu |
| tɔk | tɔkɔ- | n | grass | *taka | tak (a) | tog (o) | tok (o) | tok (o) |
| trɔːt | trɔːtu- | n | courage, energy | *tłuwatu ‘blood-ness’ | traːt (u) | troːd (u) | troːt (u) | taròːt (u) |
| truː | truː- | n | blood | *tłuwa | truː | truː | truː | tarùː |
| truːrɔu | truːruː- | n | relative, kinsperson | *tłuwalawa ‘blood-person’ | truːroː | truːroː | truːrau | tarùːrau |
| tsam | tsame- | n | axe | *cũme (cf. Tm. come) | tsɛme | tsaːm (i) | thaːm (e) | tsam (e) |
| tseːtɔr | tseːtɔrɔ- | n | skill, knowledge | *čʰiłtała ‘result of teaching’ | tseːtar (a) | tseːdor (o) | theːtor (o) | tseːtor (o) |
| tseginig | tseginigɔ- | n | chain | (tsegi- + ginig: ‘tie-iron’) | tseginig (a) | tseːniː | thegiːngo | tseginig (o) |
| tsekʰa | tsekʰɜ̃- | n | ground, soil | *čʰekʰã ‘earth’ | tsekhɜ̃ | tsekha | tekh (a) | tsekâ |
| tsirpu | tsirpu- | n | arm | *čʰilpu | tsirpu | tsoibu | thirpu | tsirpu |
| tsɔːras | tsɔːrasɔ- | n | dawn, sunrise | *cadłasa | tsaːrɛs (a) | tsoːras (o) | thaːras (a) | tsoːras (o) |
| tsɔːrɔm | tsɔːrɔmɔ- | n | east | *cadłama ‘dawn-place’ | tsaːram (a) | tsoːrom (o) | thaːram (o) | tsoːrom (a) |
| tsɔkakʰ | tsɔkakʰɔ- | n | problem, issue | *cakũkʰa (cf. Tm. ckǫ- ‘grave, severe, serious’) | tsɛkɛkh (a) | tsogakh (o) | thakakh (a) | tsokâk (o) |
| tsuːra | tsuːrɜ̃- | n | mountain range | *čʰiwdłĩ (cf. Tm. ćohcę ‘ridge’) | tsuːrɜ̃ | tsuːra | thuːr (a) | tsuːrâ |
| tsub | tsubɔ- | n | apple | *cuba ‘fruit’ | tsuba | tsub (o) | thuːb (o) | tsub (o) |
| tuts | tutsɔ- | n | house, home | *tuca | tuts (a) | tuts (o) | tuth (a) | tuts (o) |
| tʰɜ̃ːp | tʰɜ̃ːpi- | n | sister | *tʰẽʔpi ‘daughter’ | toːmphi | theːb (i) | thaːp (i) | tsêːp (i) |
| tʰɜ̃deɜ̃ | tʰɜ̃deɜ̃- | n | brothel | *tʰũduγẽ ‘sex-place’ | thɜ̃dɜ̃ː | thedja | thaːdja | tsêdiâ |
| tʰɔe | tʰɔjɔ- | n | milk | *tʰaya | thiː (jɛ) | thai | thai | tai |
| tʰɔesleu | tʰɔesleu- | n | moon | *tʰayaʔu šešewa ‘milk star’ | thiːsluː | thaisloi | thaisloː | taisalàu |
| tʰɔga | tʰɔgɜ̃- | n | work, labor | *tʰaγʷĩ ‘doing, making’ | thagɜ̃ | thoː | thaːg (a) | togâ |
| tʰɔjɔːru | tʰɔjɔːru- | n | yoghurt | *tʰayasłu ‘made from milk’ | thajaːru | thejuːru | thajoːr (u) | tojòːru |
| tʰɔuza | tʰɔuzɜ̃- | n | knee, elbow | *tʰawdzũ | thoːzɜ̃ | thuːza | thauz (a) | tauzâ |
| tʰuːru | tʰuːru- | n | coat, tunic | *tʰulasłu ‘made from wool’ | thuːru | thuːru | thuːr (u) | tuːru |
| tʰuna | tʰunɜ̃- | n | father | *tʰunã | thunɜ̃ | thuːna | thuːn (a) | tunâ |
| tʰuneɜ̃ː | tʰuneɜ̃ː- | n | elder brother | *tʰunyaʔã | thunejɜ̃ː | thunoi | thunoi | tunâː |
| tʰur | tʰurɔ- | n | wool | *tʰula | thura | thuːr (o) | thuːr (o) | tur (o) |
| uːjɜ̃ | uːjɜ̃- | n | wound, injury | *ʔuyaγẽ ‘place of pain’ | uːjɜ̃ | uːja | uːja | uːjâ |
| uːlakʰ | uːlakʰɔ- | n | gift, present | *bliwlakʰa ‘give-thing’ | uːlɛkh (a) | uːlakh (o) | uːlakh (a) | uːlak (o) |
| upakʰ | upakʰɔ- | n | detail, characteristic feature | *ʔupãkʰa (cf. Tm. opą ‘distinguish’) | upɛkh (a) | ubakh (o) | upakh (a) | upak (o) |
| upɜ̃i | upɜ̃i- | n | name | *ʔupãʔĩye ‘distinguish-name’ | upɜ̃ː | ubai | upai | upâi |
| upʰɛt | upʰɛtu- | n | the past | *ʔupʰetu ‘former-ness’ (cf. Tm. ohe- ‘former, ex-’) | uphot (u) | uphed (u) | uphat (u) | upat (u) |
| waːzɔr | waːzɔrɔ- | n | death | *wadžedzała ‘result of killing’ | oːzar (a) | waːzor (o) | waːzor (o) | waːzor (o) |
| wakʰeːrɔu | wakʰeːruː- | n | priest | *bakʰelawe ‘holiness-person’ | okheːroː | wakheːroː | wakheːrau | wakèːrau |
| weːna | weːnɜ̃- | n | year | *weʔnã | weːnɜ̃ | weːna | wain (a) | weːnâ |
| wel | wele- | n | sum, amount, mass, quantity | *beče (cf. Tm. heće) | wele | wiːl (i) | weːl (e) | wer (le) |
| wesɔɜ̃ | wesɔɜ̃- | n | sword | *besadzũ ‘knife’ | osɜ̃ː | wesau | wesau | wesâu |
| wetru | wetru- | n | liver | *wetłu | otru | wetru | wetru | wetaru |
| wetsur | wetsurɔ- | n | vegetable food | *wecuła | otsur (a) | wetsur (o) | wethur (o) | wetsur (o) |
| wɜ̃rɔk | -ːlɜ̃rɔki- | n | bellybutton | *blũłakʷi ‘belly-dim’ | onak (i) | weːrog (i) | waːrok (i) | wârok (i) |
| wɜ̃rtʰam | wɜ̃rtʰami- | n | pig | *blũłatʰãγʷi ‘belly-animal’ | onthom (i) | wautham (i) | wantham (i) | wartam (i) |
| wiː | wiː- | n | pain | *ʔuya | wiː | wiː | wiː | wiː |
| woliː | wɔliː- | n | cliff | *wačiyaʔi ‘steep thing’ | oliː | woːliː | woːliː | woli |
| wɔpʰ | wɔpʰɔ- | n | bean | *wapʰa | oph (a) | woph (o) | woph (a) | wop (o) |
| xeːzɜ̃ | xeːzɜ̃- | n | hammer | *kłeʔedzũ ‘strike-tool’ | eːzɜ̃ | xeːzo | xeːz (a) | geːzê |
| xɛpʰɜ̃ːrɔ | xɛpʰɜ̃ːrɔ- | n | herd (of animals) | *kłepʰãla ‘collection of animals’ | ɛphoːna | xepheːro | xaphaːr (o) | gapêːro |
| xɜ̃k | -ːrɜ̃ke- | n | skin, surface | *kłãke | onkhe | xeg (i) | xek (e) | gêk (e) |
| xɜ̃prɔu | xɜ̃pruː- | n | carpenter | *klĩpelawe ‘wood-person’ | ɜ̃proː | xeproː | xeprau | gêparau |
| xipam | xipamɔ- | n | north | *kłuypĩma (cf. Tm. ćwipę ‘winter’) | ipom (a) | xibam (o) | xipam (o) | gipam (a) |
| xits | xitsɔ- | n | smoke | *kłicʰa (cf. Tm. ceca) | its (a) | xits (o) | xith (a) | gits (o) |
| xɔe | xɔje- | n | gorge, canyon, ravine | *kłaγle | iː | xai | xai | gwai |
| xɔleg | xɔlege- | n | stew | *kłačeγ ‘mix-edible’ | aleg (e) | xoːleː | xoːleg (e) | goleg (e) |
| xɔut | xɔutɔ- | n | pot | *kławta (cf. Tm. ćotwa) | oːt (a) | xuːd (o) | xuːt (o) | gwaut (o) |
| xuː | -ːruː- | n | leg | *kluwa | uː | xuː | xuː | guː |
| xur | xurɔ- | n | knot | *kʰaluła ‘result of tying’ | ura | xuːr (o) | xuːr (o) | gur (o) |
| ziːñ | ziːñɔ- | n | fingernail, claw | *džiña | ziːñ (a) | ziːn (o) | ziːn (jo) | ziːŋ (o) |
| zɔlgɜ̃ | zɔlgɜ̃- | n | language | *dzačiγʷĩ ‘speaking’ | zɛlgɜ̃ | zaiga | zolga | zorgâ |
| zɔmatʰub | zɔmatʰubɔ- | n | carrot | *dzamatʰuba ‘red root’ | zɛmɛthub (a) | zoːnthub (o) | zaumathub (o) | zomatùb (o) |
| zɔmaxap | zɔmaxape- | n | cedar tree | *dzamakłĩpe ‘red wood’ | zamɛːp (e) | zoːmaxab (i) | zaumaxap (e) | zomagâp (e) |
| zɔmrɔː | zɔmrɔː- | n | copper | *dzamałaγa ‘red eye’ | zɛmraː | zomroː | zamroː | zâro |
| zɔpʰug | zɔpʰugu- | n | game, prey | *dzupʰuγ ‘hunt-edible’ | zɛphug (u) | zophuː | zophug (u) | zopug (u) |
| zɔrdeaña | zɔrdeañɜ̃- | n | bird's nest | *dzaldayãγẽ ‘bird-place’ | zardɛːña | zuːdaːnja | zordeːn (ja) | zordàːŋâ |
| zɔrdeɜ̃ | zɔrdeɜ̃- | n | bird | *dzaldayã | zardɜ̃ː | zuːdoi | zordoi | zordâi |
| zupʰɔdei | zupʰɔdiː- | n | hunter | *dzupʰudayu ‘hunt-person’ | zuphadeː | zuphodiː | zuphadai | zupodài |
| dɔ | pp | for | *dła | da | do | do | do | |
| gɔu | pp | near | *γaw | goː | guː | gau | gwau | |
| gɔwaz | pp | away from | *γawʔadzu ‘outside-away’ | gawoz | gowaz | goːwaz | gowaz | |
| iːmɔ | pp | without, except for | *ʔiłma | iːma | iːmo | iːm | iːmo | |
| iːzu | pp | of, belonging to (genitive) | *ʔilsaʔu ‘at the hand of’ | iːzu | iːzu | iːz | iːzu | |
| kɜ̃ːts | pp | towards | *kãʔči | kɜ̃ːts | keːts | kaːth | kêːts | |
| lɜ̃d | pp | as, like | *γlẽda (cf. Tm. lena) | lɜ̃da | led | laːd | lêd | |
| mek | pp | by means of | *mek | mek | meg | mek | mek | |
| mera | pp | along | *melã | mera | meːra | meːr | merâ | |
| merɜ̃i | pp | between, through | *melãye ‘along-through’ | merɜ̃ː | meːrai | meːrai | merâi | |
| mɔ | pp | with, at the time of | *ʔama | ma | mo | mo | ma | |
| nɔnat | pp | over, above | *naʔu nat ‘up above’ | nanɛt | noːnad | naunat | nanat | |
| numu | pp | before, in front of | *numẽʔu ‘at the face of’ | numu | nuːmu | nuːm | numu | |
| peu | pp | against, in contrast to | *pyu (cf. Tm. po) | puː | poi | poː | pau | |
| riːm | pp | on top of | *łiγimaʔu (cf. Tm. hihmoʔ ‘upward’) | riːm | riːm | riːm | riːm | |
| serat | pp | under, below | *šeʔu lat ‘down under’ | serɛt | seːrad | seːrat | serat | |
| suː | pp | inside | *šuwaʔu ‘in the guts of’ | suː | suː | suː | suː | |
| tʰeu | pp | after, behind, beyond | *tʰewi (cf. Tm. tewi) | thuː | thoi | thoː | tau | |
| tɔb | pp | at, on | *tabe | taba | tob | toːb | tob | |
| weːnɜ̃u | pp | with, by, using | *wekʷĩγʷĩʔu ~ ‘with the carrying of’ | weːnɜ̃ː | weːnau | wainau | weːnâu | |
| wɜ̃ru | pp | in the middle of | *blũłaʔu ‘at the belly of’ | onu | weːru | waːr | wâru | |
| gipɔ- | qu | some, a few | *γipa- | gipa | gib (o) | gip (o) | gip (o) | |
| je- | qu | no, none | *ye ‘not’ | e | je | je | je | |
| rɜ̃tsɔ- | qu | many | *lãca- | rɜ̃ts (a) | rets (o) | reth (a) | rêts (o) | |
| mupʰɔ- | qu | all, every | *mu pʰa- ‘completely all’ | muph (a) | muph (o) | muph (o) | mup | |
| tɔk | tɔkɔ- | qu | one | *takʷa- | tak (a) | tog (o) | tok (o) | tok (o) |
| sil | sili- | qu | two | *šiši- | sili | siːl (i) | siːl (i) | sir (li) |
| nɔːt | nɔːtu- | qu | three | *nałtu- | naːt (u) | noːd (u) | noːt (u) | noːt (u) |
| mɜ̃ts | mɜ̃tsɔ- | qu | four | *mẽca- | mɜ̃ts (a) | mets (o) | meth (a) | mêts (o) |
| uz | uzɔ- | qu | five | *ʔudza- | uza | uz (o) | uz (o) | us (zo) |
| mɜ̃l | mɜ̃li- | qu | six | *mẽči- | moni | miːl (i) | maːl (i) | men (^li) |
| nɔːz | nɔːzi- | qu | seven | *nalši- | naːz (i) | noːz (i) | nauz (i) | noːs (zi) |
| ñɔg | ñɔgɔ- | qu | eight | *ñaγʷa- | ñaga | njoː | naug (o) | ŋag (o) |
| dɜ̃umɔ | dɜ̃umɔ- | qu | sixty-four | *dãbũγʷa- < *dãbuñaγʷa- ‘fat eight’ | doːma | daumo | daum (o) | daumo |
| takɔd | takɔdu- | qu.ord | first | *takʷadu | tɛkad (u) | tagod (u) | takod (u) | takod (u) |
| silid | silidu- | qu.ord | second | *šišidu | silid (u) | siːlid (u) | siːlid (u) | silid (u) |
| naːtud | naːtudu- | qu.ord | third | *nałtudu | nɛːtud (u) | naːdud (u) | naːtud (u) | naːtud (u) |
| matsɔd | matsɔdu- | qu.ord | fourth | *mẽcadu | mɛtsad (u) | matsod (u) | mathad (u) | mâtsod (u) |
| ɔzɔd | ɔzɔdu- | qu.ord | fifth | *ʔudzadu | azad (u) | ozod (u) | ozod (u) | ozod (u) |
| mɜ̃lid | mɜ̃lidu- | qu.ord | sixth | *mẽčidu | monid (u) | miːlid (u) | maːlid (u) | mêlid (u) |
| nɔːzid | nɔːzidu- | qu.ord | seventh | *nalšidu | naːzid (u) | noːzid (u) | nauzid (u) | noːzid (u) |
| ñugɔd | ñugɔdu- | qu.ord | eighth | *ñaγʷadu | ñugad (u) | njuːd (u) | nuːgod (u) | ŋugod (u) |
| dɜ̃umad | dɜ̃umadu- | qu.ord | sixty-fourth | *dãbũγʷadu < *dãbuñaγʷadu | doːmɛd (u) | daumad (u) | daumad (u) | daumad (u) |
| dadɔgɔ- | v.it | scream | *dadaγa ‘intensive~shout’ | dɛdaga- | dadoː- | daːdogo- | dadogo- | |
| dɜ̃zɔ- | v.it | burn, be on fire | *dłãdza (cf. Tm. cana ‘glow’) | dɜ̃za- | dezo- | daːzo- | dêzo- | |
| dɔgɔ- | v.it | shout | *daγa | daga- | doː- | daugo- | dogo- | |
| duzɛːrɜ̃- | v.it | fly | *dudžedalã ‘sky-swim’ | duzɛːrɜ̃- | duzeːra- | duzeːra- | duzàːrâ- | |
| ɜ̃twɛkɜ̃- | v.it | chew | *ʔũtawekʷĩ ‘use the teeth’ | ɜ̃tokɜ̃- | edaiga- | etaika- | êtùːkâ- | |
| geze- | v.it | travel | *γedže ‘run’ | geze- | gezi- | gaize- | geze- | |
| giːlɛkɔ- | v.it | listen, pay attention | *γiyačeka ‘hear-sit’ | giːloka- | giːlego- | giːlko- | giːrko- | |
| guː- | v.it | breathe, be alive | *γʷiwa ‘live’ | guː- | guː- | guː- | guː- | |
| gwiːtsiːmɜ̃- | v.it | be polite, be humble | *γʷiłčinumẽ ‘face-reduce’ | giːtsiːmɜ̃- | gwiːtsiːma- | gaithiːma- | gwitsìːmâ- | |
| jabutʰɔ- | v.it | talk, chat | *yãbutʰa ‘do with the mouth’ | ɛbutha- | jabutho- | jaːbutha- | jâbuto- | |
| jazɜ̃pe- | v.it | dream | *džẽdžẽpe (cf. Tm. ńępe ‘sleep’) | ɛzomphe- | jazemphi- | jaːzamphe- | jâzêpe- | |
| jetsɜ̃- | v.it | be surprised, be shocked | *džecã (cf. Tm. śecą) | etsɜ̃- | jetsa- | jetha- | jetsâ- | |
| jɜ̃bi- | v.it | sit | *yãbi ‘rest’ | jɜ̃bi- | jebi- | jaːbi- | jâbi- | |
| jɜ̃keːrɜ̃- | v.it | swim | *yãkidalã ‘river-swim’ | enkheːrɜ̃- | jenkheːrai- | jankheːra- | jâkèːrâ- | |
| jɜ̃suːmɜ̃- | v.it | be popular, be respected | *yẽsunumẽ ‘face-love’ | jɜ̃suːmɜ̃- | jesuːma- | jesuːma- | jâsùːmâ- | |
| jɔkɔ- | v.it | dance | *yaka ‘play’ | jaka- | jogo- | joko- | joko- | |
| jujupʰɔ- | v.it | survive, be resilient | *yuyupʰa ‘intensive-remain’ | jujupha- | jujupho- | juːjupha- | jujupo- | |
| jupʰɔ- | v.it | stay, remain | *yupʰa | jupha- | jupho- | jupha- | jupo- | |
| kekuːju- | v.it | boil | *kʷekʷuʔayu ‘cook-stative’ | kekuːju- | gekuːju- | kekuːju- | kekùːju- | |
| kelɜ̃- | v.it | jump, leap | *kʷečĩ (cf. Tm. kwećę) | kelɜ̃- | keːla- | keːla- | kelâ- | |
| keɔgi- | v.it | laugh | *kyaγʷi (cf. Tm. ćawi ‘smile, be happy, enjoy oneself’) | kɛːgi- | koi- | kaːgi- | kaugi- | |
| keɔñaːpɔ- | v.it | cry, weep | *kyañĩłpa (cf. Tm. ćeńęhpa) | kɛːñɛːpa- | genjaːbo- | kaːnjaːpo- | kauŋâːpo- | |
| keupʰlukɔ- | v.it | quench, cool down in water (said of freshly-forged metal) | *kyupʰešiwka ‘water-float’ | kuːpluka- | koiblugo- | koːpluko- | kaupalùko- | |
| kɜ̃i- | v.it | succeed | *kʷĩγi (cf. Tm. kwińi ‘shine, be impressive, be famous’) | kɜ̃ː- | kai- | kai- | kâi- | |
| kɜ̃xɔ- | v.it | be exhausted, be tired | *kʷẽkła (cf. Tm. kmęća ‘gasp’) | kɜ̃- | kexo- | kexo- | kêgo- | |
| kudɔ- | v.it | sleep | *kuda | kuda- | kudo- | kuːdo- | kudo- | |
| kunɜ̃- | v.it | lie, recline | *kʷunã (cf. Tm. kwoną) | kunɜ̃- | kuːna- | kuːna- | kunâ- | |
| kuruːju- | v.it | take the initiative, show courage | *kʷułuʔayu ‘be like a wolf’ | kuruːju- | guruːju- | kuruːju- | kurùːju- | |
| kʰesaːpɔ- | v.it | defecate | *kʰesałpa | khesɛːpa- | khesaːbo- | khesaːpo- | kesapo- | |
| kʰurpɔːzu- | v.it | campaign, go on a quest | *kʰulpaʔadzu ‘hunt away’ | khurpaːzu- | khuːpoːzu- | khurpoːzu- | kurpozu- | |
| meːseki- | v.it | be curious | *meʔšikʷi ‘taste things’ | meːseki- | meːsegi- | meːseki- | meːseki- | |
| mɛːtʰeɔ- | v.it | rot, decay | *mayetʰuya ‘become rotten’ | mɛːthɛː- | meːthjo- | meːthja- | maːtau- | |
| mibiːtsɔ- | v.it | fan, kindle (a fire) | *mibuʔiłca ‘breathe towards’ | mibiːtsa- | mibiːtso- | mibiːtha- | mibitso- | |
| miliːtsɔ- | v.it | get distracted | *mičĩʔiłca (cf. Tm. mićę ‘trifle’) | miliːtsa- | miliːtso- | miliːtha- | militso- | |
| mire- | v.it | be absent | *miłe (cf. Tm. mihe) | mire- | miːri- | miːre- | mire- | |
| mɔle- | v.it | shine, glow | *maše | mala- | moːli- | moːle- | male- | |
| muː- | v.it | whisper | *mibu (cf. Tm. miwo ‘breathe’) | muː- | muː- | muː- | muː- | |
| nedugɔːpe- | v.it | settle down | *neduγuʔpe ‘begin to dwell’ | nedugaːpe- | nedugoːbi- | nedugoːpe- | nedugòːpe- | |
| nɜ̃pʰeapɜ̃- | v.it | undress | *nĩpʰiγlapẽ ‘belt-remove’ | nomphɛːpɜ̃- | nemphaːba- | nampheːpa- | nêpiàpâ- | |
| nɜ̃u- | v.it | think, believe | *nãbu | nɜ̃ː- | nau- | nau- | nâu- | |
| ñɔːdɔtʰeɔ- | v.it | fray, wear down | *ñałdutʰuya ‘become dull / blunt’ | ñaːdathɛː- | njoːdothjo- | naudothja- | ŋodotàu- | |
| pɜ̃tɔ- | v.it | run | *pãta ‘find one's way’ | pontha- | pentho- | pantha- | pêto- | |
| piːxɔ- | v.it | be, exist | *piłka (cf. Tm. pihka) | piːjɛ- | piːxo- | piːxo- | piːgo- | |
| plɔu- | v.it | go, walk | *pława | ploː- | pluː- | plau- | palau- | |
| plɔwɔːzu- | v.it | leave, go away | *pławaʔadzu | plawoːzu- | plowoːzu- | plowauzu- | palowòːzu- | |
| pʰuː- | v.it | blow | *pʰiwa | phuː- | phuː- | phuː- | puː- | |
| rɜ̃ːrɔ- | v.it | rest, relax, be idle | *lĩdła (cf. Tm. lińa ‘be lazy’) | roːna- | reːro- | raːro- | rêːro- | |
| ripʰɔːmɜ̃- | v.it | be clean, be tidy | *leypʰanumẽ ‘face-wipe’ | riphaːmɜ̃- | riphoːma- | riphaːma- | ripòːmâ- | |
| ritsɜ̃- | v.it | stop, finish | *łičʰĩ (cf. Tm. hićę) | ritsɜ̃- | ritsa- | ritha- | ritsâ- | |
| rɔgɔːjɔ- | v.it | be hidden, be invisible | *laγʷaʔaya ‘smoke-stative’ | ragaːja- | regoːjo- | rogoːjo- | rogòːjo- | |
| sɛːzɔli- | v.it | tell lies | *sayʔadzači ‘wrong-say’ (cf. Tm. siʔ- ‘wrong, bad’) | sɛːzali- | seːzoli- | seːzoli- | saːzoli- | |
| sɜ̃u- | v.it | confirm, approve, agree | *sũbu (cf. Tm. somo) | sɜ̃ː- | sau- | sau- | sâu- | |
| siːlapɜ̃- | v.it | shave | *čiγliγlapẽ ‘beard-remove’ | siːlɛpɜ̃- | siːlaba- | siːlpa- | siːrpâ- | |
| sikɜ̃- | v.it | stand | *šikã | sikɜ̃- | siga- | sika- | sikâ- | |
| sirɜ̃- | v.it | hesitate, linger, hang around | *čiłĩ (cf. Tm. cehę ‘stay’) | sirɜ̃- | siːra- | siːra- | sirâ- | |
| suːnɔːmɜ̃- | v.it | grow | *suʔnanumẽ ‘face-enlarge’ | suːnaːmɜ̃- | suːnoːma- | suːnauma- | sunòːmâ- | |
| sukɔ- | v.it | float | *šiwka | suka- | sugo- | suko- | suko- | |
| tatʰɜ̃u- | v.it | fall | *tʰãtʰãbu ‘intensive~fall’ | tɛthɜ̃ː- | tathau- | tathau- | tâtâu- | |
| tʰɜ̃u- | v.it | stumble | *tʰãbu ‘fall’ | thɜ̃ː- | thau- | thau- | tâu- | |
| tʰitu- | v.it | die | *tʰuytu (cf. Tm. twihto ‘grow pale’) | thitu- | thidu- | thitu- | tsitu- | |
| tʰɔruːju- | v.it | be happy, be content | *tʰałuʔayu (cf. Tm. taho ‘joy, fun, happiness’) | tharuːju- | theruːju- | tharuːju- | torùːju- | |
| uːñɜ̃- | v.it | roll | *ʔułñũ (cf. Tm. ohńǫ) | uːñɜ̃- | uːnja- | uːnja- | uːŋâ- | |
| ujɔːjɔ- | v.it | feel pain | *ʔuyaʔaya | ujaːja- | ujoːjo- | ujoːjo- | ujòːjo- | |
| wɜ̃zaki- | v.it | be knowledgeable, be an expert, have experience | *bẽdzakʷi ‘know things’ | wɜ̃zɛki- | wezagi- | waːzaki- | wâzaki- | |
| wɔmɔ- | v.it | wait | *błama ‘fart’ | wama- | woːmo- | waumo- | woma- | |
| xeːsu- | v.it | come, arrive | *kleʔšu (cf. Tm. ćeʔśo ‘appear’) | eːsu- | xeːsu- | xeːsu- | geːsu- | |
| xɜ̃ːkeɔː- | v.it | masturbate | *kłãkekyaγʷi ‘skin-enjoy’ | oːnkhaː- | xoːnkhoi- | xaːnkhaː- | gêːko- | |
| zɛnɜ̃- | v.it | freeze | *dzaynã (cf. Tm. seną) | zɛnɜ̃- | zeːna- | zeːna- | zenâ- | |
| zukɔ- | v.it | be silent, be calm | *dzukʷa (cf. Tm. sokwa) | zuka- | zugo- | zuko- | zuko- | |
| dɜ̃zɔli- | v.mt | promise, swear, vow | *dłũdzači ‘long-say’ | dɜ̃zali- | dezoli- | daːzoli- | dêzoli- | |
| dɔːreːsu- | v.mt | visit, spend time with | *dłakleʔšu ‘come for’ | daːreːsu- | doːreːsu- | doːreːsu- | doːresu- | |
| dɔːrɔkɜ̃- | v.mt | be friends with | *dłakłãke ‘distribute for’ (via ‘share with’) | daːrakɜ̃- | doːroga- | doːrka- | doːrkâ- | |
| dɔjeku- | v.mt | worship | *dłayeku ‘eat meat for’ | diːku- | dojegu- | doːjeku- | daiku- | |
| eːzi- | v.mt | shape, sculpt, form, knead, mold | *ʔeʔdži | eːzi- | eːzi- | eːzi- | eːzi- | |
| ɜ̃taːpɔ- | v.mt | bite | *ʔũtałpa | onthɛːpa- | enthaːbo- | anthaːpo- | êtapo- | |
| ɜ̃tɔːru- | v.mt | cook | *ʔũtaʔału ‘tooth-smell’ (via ‘savor’) | onthaːru- | enthuːru- | anthoːru- | êtoru- | |
| gañɜ̃pu- | v.mt | spy on | *γĩγĩpu ‘intensive~watch’ | goñomphu- | ganjemphu- | ganjamphu- | gaŋêpu- | |
| gɜ̃li- | v.mt | get, receive | *γãši (cf. Tm. ńąse) | goni- | giːli- | gaːli- | gêli- | |
| gɜ̃pu- | v.mt | watch, observe | *γĩpu (cf. Tm. ńępo) | gomphu- | gemphu- | gamphu- | gêpu- | |
| gitrɜ̃- | v.mt | resist, oppose, ward off | *γitłã (cf. Tm. yecą ‘stop, hold up, impede’) | gitrɜ̃- | gitra- | gitra- | gitarâ- | |
| gɔːxe- | v.mt | have, hold | *γałke (cf. Tm. yahke ‘keep, guard, foster’) | gaːwe- | goːxi- | goːxe- | goːge- | |
| guːpe- | v.mt | start, tackle, establish, found | *γuʔpe ‘begin’ | guːpe- | guːbi- | guːpe- | guːpe- | |
| guːzɔ- | v.mt | give birth to | *γʷiwadza | guːza- | guːzo- | guːzo- | guːzo- | |
| gweulɜ̃- | v.mt | pass by | *γawʔewłĩ ‘outside-hurry’ | guːlɜ̃- | gwoːla- | guːla- | gwaulâ- | |
| gwibe- | v.mt | swallow | *γʷibe ‘drink’ | gibe- | gwibi- | gaibe- | gwibe- | |
| gwɔːxi- | v.mt | wash, clean, repair | *γʷałki | gaːwi- | gwoːxi- | goːxi- | gwoːgi- | |
| gwɔrazɔ- | v.mt | count, calculate | *γʷałĩdza (cf. Tm. ohę- ‘frequent’) | garɛza- | gwoːrazo- | goːrazo- | gworâzo- | |
| iːgaːxe- | v.mt | store, keep, protect | *yiʔeγałke ‘safe-keep’ | iːgɛː- | iːgaːxi- | iːgaːxe- | iːgage- | |
| iːmɔːjɔ- | v.mt | lack | *ʔiłmaʔaya ‘be without’ | iːmaːja- | iːmoːjo- | iːmoːjo- | imòːjo- | |
| iːtsazɔ- | v.mt | pull | *ʔiłcadza ‘cause to move towards’ | iːtsɛza- | iːtsazo- | iːthazo- | iːtsazo- | |
| iːzaːpɔ- | v.mt | touch, use | *ʔilsałpa ‘do with the hands’ | iːzɛːpa- | iːzaːbo- | iːzaːpo- | iːzapo- | |
| iseːzi- | v.mt | forge | *ʔisaʔeʔdži ‘hot-sculpt’ | iseːzi- | iseːzi- | iseːzi- | isèːzi- | |
| jaːne- | v.mt | draw, paint | *yẽʔne (cf. Tm. yęʔne ‘spread’) | ɛːne- | jaːni- | jaːne- | jaːne- | |
| jasɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | kill, slaughter (said of animals) | *yãsatʰa ‘meat-make’ | ɛsatha- | jasotho- | jasatha- | jâsoto- | |
| jetʰɔ- | v.mt | try, attempt (said of actions) | *yetʰa ‘go-do’ | etha- | jetho- | jetha- | jeto- | |
| jezɔ- | v.mt | fight, attack | *yedza ‘push’ | eza- | jezo- | jaizo- | jezo- | |
| jɜ̃ːkʰɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | flirt with | *džĩʔĩkʰaʔẽda ‘honey-give’ | eːnkhɜ̃da- | joːnkhedo- | jaːnkhedo- | jâːkêdo- | |
| jɜ̃pɔ- | v.mt | be capable of | *yãpa (cf. Tm. yąpa) | empha- | jempho- | jampha- | jâpo- | |
| jɜ̃saːpɔ- | v.mt | eat meat | *yãsałpa ‘do with meat’ | jɜ̃sɛːpa- | jesaːbo- | jesaːpo- | jâsapo- | |
| jɜ̃su- | v.mt | love, like | *yẽsu (cf. Tm. yęso) | jɜ̃su- | jesu- | jesu- | jâsu- | |
| jɜ̃wɔːpɔ- | v.mt | suck | *yãbułpa | emaːpa- | jewoːbo- | jewoːpo- | jâupo- | |
| jɜ̃zwɛkɜ̃- | v.mt | gather, collect | *yãdzuwekʷĩ ‘bag-use’ | jɜ̃zokɜ̃- | jezaiga- | jezaika- | jâzùːkâ- | |
| jɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | take care of | *yatʰa ‘tend, garden’ | jatha- | jotho- | jotha- | joto- | |
| kakɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | show, point at | *kẽkʰatʰa ‘do with the finger’ | kɛkatha- | kagotho- | kakotha- | kâkoto- | |
| katsitʰɔ- | v.mt | stain, spoil, mess up | *kačʰitʰa ‘make dirty’ | kɛtsitha- | katsitho- | katitha- | katsito- | |
| keːjɔkɜ̃- | v.mt | eavesdrop, listen in on sb. | *keγlakʷũ ‘hear towards’ | keːjɛkɜ̃- | keːjoga- | keːjoka- | kejòkâ- | |
| keleːpɔ- | v.mt | support, hold up (physically) | *kʷečiłpa ‘do with the backbone’ | keleːpa- | gileːbo- | keleːpo- | kelepo- | |
| kemire- | v.mt | abandon, let down | *kemiłe ‘be absent on’ | kemire- | gimiːri- | kamiːre- | kemire- | |
| kɛsɛːzɔli- | v.mt | betray, deceive | *kesayʔadzači ‘tell lies to’ | kosɛːzali- | geseːzoli- | kaseːzoli- | kasàːzoli- | |
| kɜ̃tsɔ- | v.mt | guess, predict | *kʷãcʰa (cf. Tm. kmąca ‘estimate’) | kɜ̃tsa- | ketso- | ketha- | kêtso- | |
| kirnɜ̃- | v.mt | provide, supply | *kilnũ (cf. Tm. kilnǫ ‘add’) | kirnɜ̃- | koina- | kiːna- | kiranâ- | |
| kisɔ- | v.mt | push | *kʷisa ‘squeeze, press’ | kisa- | kiso- | kisa- | kiso- | |
| kɔkʰazɔ- | v.mt | insult | *kʰakʷʰadza ‘mock’ | kakhɛza- | kokhazo- | kokhazo- | kokazo- | |
| kɔmɜ̃- | v.mt | fear, be afraid | *kamã | kamɜ̃- | koːma- | koːma- | komâ- | |
| kɔniːtsɔ- | v.mt | join (a group) | *kanaʔiłca ‘towards the circle’ | kaniːtsa- | geniːtso- | kaniːtha- | konitso- | |
| kʰejaːpɔ- | v.mt | bury | *kʰeyałpa ‘do with soil’ | khejɛːpa- | khijaːbo- | khejaːpo- | kejapo- | |
| kʰɛːzɔ- | v.mt | destroy, defeat | *kʷʰayidza (cf. Tm. kwahi ‘be gone, be unrecoverable’) | khɛːza- | kheːzo- | kheːzo- | kaːzo- | |
| kʰigɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | pour | *kʰiγʷaʔẽda ‘give a drop of liquid’ | khigɜ̃da- | kheːdo- | khiːgedo- | kigêdo- | |
| kʰiñɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | build, construct | *kʰiñatʰa | khiñatha- | khiːnjotho- | kiːntha- | kiŋoto- | |
| kʰɔjaːpɔ- | v.mt | burn, set on fire | *kʰayałpa | khajɛːpa- | khejaːbo- | khajaːpo- | kojapo- | |
| lɜ̃piːtsɔ- | v.mt | beg, demand | *γlĩpuʔiłca ‘lift towards’ | lomphiːtsa- | lemphiːtso- | lampiːtha- | lêpitso- | |
| lɜ̃pu- | v.mt | lift, carry | *γlĩpu (cf. Tm. lępo) | lomphu- | lemphu- | lamphu- | lêpu- | |
| lɔːtɔ- | v.mt | squeeze, press | *γlaʔta ‘milk (said of animals)’ | laːta- | loːdo- | loːto- | loːto- | |
| lɔkɜ̃- | v.mt | hear | *γlakʷũ (cf. Tm. lakmǫ ‘perceive’) | lakɜ̃- | loga- | loka- | lokâ- | |
| luzɔːzu- | v.mt | remove | *γludžẽʔadzu ‘seize away’ | luzaːzu- | luzoːzu- | luzauzu- | luzozu- | |
| meːsi- | v.mt | try (said of new things) | *meʔši (cf. Tm. meʔse ‘taste’) | meːsi- | meːsi- | meːsi- | meːsi- | |
| memeːsu- | v.mt | sew | *memeʔšu ‘intensive~sew’ | memeːsu- | mimeːsu- | mameːsu- | memesu- | |
| mɛːliː- | v.mt | catch sb's attention | *mekčiye ‘be wanted by’ | mɛːliː- | miːliː- | miːliː- | maːli- | |
| mɛːritsɜ̃- | v.mt | be interrupted by | *mekłičʰĩ ‘be stopped by’ | mɛːritsɜ̃- | miːritsa- | miːrtha- | maːrtsâ- | |
| mɜ̃rilezɔ- | v.mt | offend, anger | *mĩłišidza ‘cause to be like wind’ | monileza- | miːrilezo- | maːrilezo- | mêrilèzo- | |
| milɔzu- | v.mt | concentrate on | *mičĩʔadzu ‘trifle-away’ | milazu- | miːlozu- | miːlozu- | milozu- | |
| mɔliːtsɔ- | v.mt | light up, illuminate | *mašeʔiłca ‘shine towards’ | maliːtsa- | moliːtso- | moliːtha- | molitso- | |
| mutʰɔ- | v.mt | repeat, continue | *ʔũγʷutʰa (cf. Tm. ońota ‘insist on, be determined about’) | mutha- | mutho- | mutha- | muto- | |
| naːmi- | v.mt | say | *nẽγmi (cf. Tm. nęmi ‘express’) | noːmi- | naːmi- | naːmi- | naːmi- | |
| naketʰɔ- | v.mt | check, test | *nĩkʰetʰa (cf. Tm. nęke ‘step’) | nɛketha- | nagetho- | naketha- | nâketo- | |
| nuːki- | v.mt | change, turn around | *nuγki (cf. Tm. noki) | nuːki- | nuːgi- | nuːki- | nuːki- | |
| nupi- | v.mt | rely on, depend on | *nupi (cf. Tm. nopi ‘lean on’) | nupi- | nubi- | nupi- | nupi- | |
| ɔːrɜ̃- | v.mt | smell | *ʔałułuʔã ‘smell-smell’ | aːrɜ̃- | oːra- | oːra- | oːrâ- | |
| ɔdigɔːpe- | v.mt | be worried about | *ʔadyaγuʔpe ‘begin to fear’ | adigaːpe- | odigoːbi- | odigoːpe- | odigòːpe- | |
| ɔuzɔːjɔ- | v.mt | be similar to, be comparable to | *ʔawdzaʔaya ‘similar-stative’ | oːzaːja- | uːzoːjo- | uːzoːjo- | auzòːjo- | |
| papʰɔːtɔ- | v.mt | shoot, throw | *pʰapʰaʔta | pɛphaːta- | baphoːdo- | paphaːto- | papoto- | |
| pazitʰɔ- | v.mt | braid, plait | *pãdžitʰa ‘basket-make’ | pɛzitha- | pazitho- | paːzitha- | pazito- | |
| pɜ̃i- | v.mt | notify, tell, inform | *pẽγe (cf. Tm. peńe) | pɜ̃ː- | pai- | pai- | pâi- | |
| pɜ̃tiːtsɔ- | v.mt | reach, arrive at | *pãtaʔiłca ‘find one's way towards’ | ponthiːtsa- | benthiːtso- | pantiːtha- | pêtitso- | |
| pɜ̃tɔːzu- | v.mt | escape, flee | *pãtaʔadzu ‘find one's way away from’ | ponthaːzu- | benthoːzu- | panthaːzu- | pêtozu- | |
| plɜ̃i- | v.mt | lose, forget | *płẽyi (cf. Tm. pińi) | plɜ̃ː- | plai- | plai- | palâi- | |
| pɔunazɔ- | v.mt | delay | *pawnĩdza (cf. Tm. pomę- ‘late’) | poːnɛza- | puːnazo- | puːnazo- | kwaunazo- | |
| pʰɜ̃ri- | v.mt | answer, reply | *pʰãli (cf. Tm. hani) | phoni- | phiːri- | phaːri- | pêri- | |
| pʰudaːpɔ- | v.mt | rule, govern | *pʰudałpa ‘do like a chief’ | phudɛːpa- | phudaːbo- | phudaːpo- | pudapo- | |
| ramɔ- | v.mt | grind, mill | *lũma | roma- | raːmo- | raːmo- | ramo- | |
| ramɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | heat up | *lãmatʰa ‘make warm’ | romatha- | raːntho- | raːntha- | ramato- | |
| rɜ̃ːlɛkɔ- | v.mt | ride | *łãšičeka ‘horse-sit’ | roːnoka- | reːlego- | raːlko- | rêːleko- | |
| rɜ̃ːsu- | v.mt | hate, punish | *łĩʔsu (cf. Tm. hęʔso) | rɜ̃ːsu- | reːsu- | raːsu- | rêːsu- | |
| rɜ̃xɔ- | v.mt | trade, exchange | *lũkla (cf. Tm. lǫća) | rɜ̃ː- | rexo- | rexo- | rêgo- | |
| riːjaːpɔ- | v.mt | heal, cure | *łiyałpa | riːjɛːpa- | riːjaːbo- | riːjaːpo- | riːjapo- | |
| ripʰɔ- | v.mt | rub, scrub, polish | *leypʰa ‘wipe’ | ripha- | ripho- | ripha- | ripo- | |
| rɔːpɔ- | v.mt | take, grab, seize, catch | *laʔpa ‘steal’ | raːpa- | roːbo- | roːpo- | roːpo- | |
| rɔñɔ- | v.mt | dig | *laña ‘scratch’ | raña- | roːno- | raːnjo- | roŋo- | |
| rɔrɔñɔ- | v.mt | cultivate, farm | *lalaña ‘dig’ | raraña- | roːrono- | roːranjo- | roroŋo- | |
| rɔune- | v.mt | own, possess | *lawne | roːne- | ruːni- | raune- | raune- | |
| rugazɔ- | v.mt | cause, make, bring about | *luγũdza (cf. Tm. lońǫ ‘act’) | rugɛza- | ruːzo- | ruːgazo- | rugâzo- | |
| rurubɜ̃- | v.mt | rescue | *łułubẽ (cf. Tm. homę ‘help’) | rurubɜ̃- | ruːruba- | ruːrba- | rurbâ- | |
| ruxu- | v.mt | argue, dispute, negotiate | *lukʰiw (cf. Tm. loćo ‘charm, court, persuade’) | ruː- | ruxu- | ruxu- | rugu- | |
| saːnedu- | v.mt | dwell (at) | *sãknedu ‘in-dwell’ | soːnedu- | saːndu- | saːndu- | sanedu- | |
| saːtsekɔ- | v.mt | hold (militarily), control, occupy | *sãkčeka ‘in-sit’ | sɛːtseka- | saːtsego- | saːtheko- | sâːtseko- | |
| sekazɔ- | v.mt | put, place | *čekadza ‘cause to sit’ | sekɛza- | segazo- | sekazo- | sekazo- | |
| serdɔ- | v.mt | see, look at | *čelda | serda- | soido- | serdo- | serdo- | |
| sɛsɜ̃- | v.mt | drink | *sayšĩ (cf. Tm. siśę) | sɛsɜ̃- | sesa- | sasa- | sesâ- | |
| sɜ̃daːpɔ- | v.mt | manage, organise | *šĩdałpa ‘count’ | sɜ̃dɛːpa- | sedaːbo- | sedaːpo- | sêdapo- | |
| sɜ̃tɔ- | v.mt | call, summon | *šẽta ‘sing’ | sontha- | sentho- | santha- | sêto- | |
| siː- | v.mt | want | *čiye | siː- | siː- | siː- | siː- | |
| sikiːtsɔ- | v.mt | help, support, agree with, stand beside | *šikãʔiłca ‘stand towards’ | sikiːtsa- | sikiːtso- | sikiːtha- | sikitso- | |
| sinɔzɔ- | v.mt | fill, load with | *činudza ‘cause to be full’ | sinaza- | siːnozo- | siːnozo- | sinozo- | |
| siwazɔ- | v.mt | melt, smelt | *čiwãdza ‘cause to be soft’ (cf. Tm. ćmą- ‘soft, fluid’) | siwoza- | siwazo- | siːwazo- | siwâzo- | |
| sɔñeːzi- | v.mt | invent, come up with | *šaʔẽʔeʔdži ‘mind-sculpt’ | sañeːzi- | senjeːzi- | sanjaizi- | soŋezi- | |
| supɜ̃- | v.mt | cut | *supã (cf. Tm. sopą ‘dig’) | supɜ̃- | suba- | supa- | supâ- | |
| tatʰɜ̃uzɔ- | v.mt | fell, chop down | *thãthãbudza ‘cause to fall’ (intensive) | tɛthɜ̃ːza- | tathauzo- | tathauzo- | tâtâuzo- | |
| tɜ̃i- | v.mt | must, should | *tãya (cf. Tm. tańa) | tɜ̃ː- | tai- | tai- | tâi- | |
| tɔulikɜ̃- | v.mt | be located at | *tabešikã ‘stand at’ | toːlikɜ̃- | tuːliga- | tuːlka- | taulikâ- | |
| trɜ̃bazɔ- | v.mt | remember | *tłãbẽdza ‘again-know’ | trɜ̃bɛza- | trebazo- | traːbazo- | tarêbâzo- | |
| trupʰe- | v.mt | find, discover | *tłupʰe | truphe- | truphi- | truphe- | tarùpe- | |
| tsegi- | v.mt | tie, fasten, attach | *čʰeγʷi | tsegi- | tseː- | theːgi- | tsegi- | |
| tsiːtɔ- | v.mt | teach | *čʰiłta | tsiːta- | tsiːdo- | thiːto- | tsiːto- | |
| tsɔrkɔtʰɔ- | v.mt | stack, pile up | *calkʷatʰa (cf. Tm. calkwa ‘pile, heap’) | tsɛrkatha- | tsuːgotho- | tharkotha- | tsorkoto- | |
| tumɜ̃- | v.mt | participate, engage oneself | *tumã (cf. Tm. tomą) | tumɜ̃- | tuːma- | tuːma- | tumâ- | |
| tʰɜ̃du- | v.mt | have sex with | *tʰũdu | thɜ̃du- | thedu- | thaːdu- | tsêdu- | |
| tʰiː- | v.mt | become, change into | *tʰuya | thiː- | thiː- | thiː- | tsiː- | |
| tʰɔːjaːtɔ- | v.mt | milk (said of livestock) | *tʰayaγlaʔta ‘milk-squeeze’ | thaːjɛːta- | thoːjaːdo- | thoːjaːto- | toːjato- | |
| tʰɔmu- | v.mt | finish, complete | *tʰamu ‘do completely’ | thamu- | thoːmu- | thaːmu- | tomu- | |
| tʰɔrɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | please, delight, cheer up (sb.) | *tʰałuʔẽda ‘joy-give’ | tharɜ̃da- | thoːredo- | thaːrdo- | tordo- | |
| tʰɔu- | v.mt | create, make, do | *tʰawa ‘bend’ | thoː- | thuː- | thau- | tau- | |
| tʰuraːpɔ- | v.mt | knit | *tʰulałpa ‘do with wool’ | thurɛːpa- | thuraːbo- | thuraːpo- | turapo- | |
| tʰurbɛsɔ- | v.mt | shear (said of sheep) | *tʰulabesa ‘wool-cut’ | thurbosa- | thuːbeso- | thurbasa- | turbaso- | |
| uːlɔ- | v.mt | give | *bliwla (cf. Tm. pola ‘donate’) | uːla- | uːlo- | uːlo- | uːlo- | |
| ujɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | annoy, harrass, provoke | *ʔuyaʔẽda ‘give pain’ | ujɜ̃da- | ujedo- | ujedo- | ujâdo- | |
| wabɜ̃zɔ- | v.mt | understand | *bẽbẽdza ‘intensive~know’ | obɜ̃za- | wabezo- | waːbezo- | wâbêzo- | |
| weːzɔ- | v.mt | hurt, injure | *ʔuyadza | oːza- | weːzo- | waizo- | weːzo- | |
| wetiːtsɔ- | v.mt | meet, greet, welcome | *wetaʔiłca ‘turn towards’ | wetiːtsa- | wetiːtso- | wetiːtha- | wetitso- | |
| wetsu- | v.mt | eat vegetables | *wecu | otsu- | wetsu- | wethu- | wetsu- | |
| wɛbesɔ- | v.mt | split, divide, separate | *bebesa | obesa- | webeso- | weːbesa- | webeso- | |
| wɜ̃keɔ- | v.mt | hide, cover | *wẽkya- (cf. Tm. węća ‘withhold, deprive’) | onkhɛː- | wenkhoi- | wankhaː- | wâkau- | |
| wɜ̃zɔ- | v.mt | know, be familiar with | *bẽdza | wɜ̃za- | wezo- | waːzo- | wâzo- | |
| wɜ̃zugɔːpe- | v.mt | learn, study | *bẽdzaγuʔpe ‘begin to know’ | wɜ̃zugaːpe- | wezugoːbi- | wezugoːpe- | wâzugòːpe- | |
| wɔːzɔ- | v.mt | kill | *wadžedza | oːza- | woːzo- | wauzo- | woːzo- | |
| wɔkʰeapɜ̃- | v.mt | disgrace, abuse, mistreat, defile | *bakʰeγlapẽ ‘holiness-remove’ | okhɛːpɜ̃- | wokhaːba- | wokheːpa- | wokiàpâ- | |
| wɔkʰɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | devote, consecrate, sanctify | *bakʰeʔẽda ‘holiness-give’ | wakhɜ̃da- | wokhedo- | wokhedo- | wokêdo- | |
| xeːsɔzɔ- | v.mt | send | *kleʔšudza ‘cause to arrive’ | eːsaza- | xeːsozo- | xeːsazo- | geːsozo- | |
| xeːtʰɔ- | v.mt | hit, strike | *kłeʔetʰa ‘strike-do’ | eːtha- | xeːtho- | xeːtha- | geːto- | |
| xeːzɔli- | v.mt | scold, blame, accuse | *kłeʔedzači ‘strike-say’ | eːzali- | xeːzoli- | xeːzoli- | geːzori- | |
| xɔkɜ̃- | v.mt | share | *kłakĩ (cf. Tm. ćakę ‘distribute’) | akɜ̃- | xoga- | xoka- | gokâ- | |
| xɔlɜ̃dɔ- | v.mt | alloy, weld, join together | *kłačeʔẽda ‘mix-give’ | alɜ̃da- | xoːledo- | xoːldo- | gordo- | |
| xuːnɔ- | v.mt | expect, anticipate | *kłuʔna (cf. Tm. ćoʔna ‘wait for’) | uːna- | xuːno- | xuːno- | guːno- | |
| ziːñaːpɔ- | v.mt | scratch | *džiñałpa ‘do with the fingernail’ | ziːñɛːpa- | ziːnjaːbo- | ziːnjaːpo- | ziːŋapo- | |
| zɔlɔːzu- | v.mt | announce, declare | *dzačiʔadzu ‘say away’ | zalaːzu- | zoloːzu- | zolauzu- | zolozu- | |
| zɔrɜ̃- | v.mt | stab, pierce | *dzalã | zɛrɜ̃- | zoːra- | zoːra- | zorâ- | |
| zukazɔ- | v.mt | calm, soothe, console | *dzukʷadza ‘make silent’ | zukɛza- | zugazo- | zukazo- | zukazo- | |
| zupʰu- | v.mt | hunt | *dzupʰu | zuphu- | zuphu- | zuphu- | zupu- |
642 words.