Srugthod
| Srugthod | |
| Period | c. 0 YP |
| Spoken in | |
| Total speakers | ~1000 |
| Writing system | unknown |
| Classification | unknown |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SOV |
| Morphology | unknown |
| Alignment | unknown |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Karch |
Srugthod ([ˈsruktʰot]) is a language spoken by some people living in a swamp.
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pʰ p ⟨p b⟩ | tʰ t ⟨t d⟩ | tsʰ ts ⟨c ʒ⟩ | kʰ k ⟨k g⟩ | ʔ ⟨ˀ⟩ |
| m | n | |||
| r | ||||
| s z | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | h | ||
| w | l | j |
| Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|
| i | u | |
| ie | uo | |
| e | ə | o |
| æ ⟨ä⟩ | a ⟨ȧ⟩ | ɑ ⟨a⟩ |
The vowels can be split into two groups: reducing (i u ə ä a) and non-reducing (the rest). Reducing vowels have a tendency to elide when they're an odd vowel (counting from the beginning of the word). All words starting with consonant clusters in fact start with a sequence of a consonant and an underlying reducing vowel, which elides unless preceded by a prefix, since it's the first vowel of the word. Non-reducing vowels can't occur in syllables closed with nasals or /r/
The low central vowel is marginal and only occurs before reducing high vowels, e.g. in the word brȧš (hill), underlyingly burȧš or buruoš.
The aspirates only contrast with the tenuis stops prevocalically and before /r/.
Nouns
Nouns, as in most related languages, inflect for definiteness, state, case and number using a single fused suffix. Each noun has two surface stems - long stem, which is used with the nominative, animate accusative and, and short stem, which is used with all other cases. These stems are predictably derived from an underlying representation by the aforementioned reduced vowel deletion rule (i.e. all odd reduced vowels are deleted). Suffixes unpredictably taking the short stem will be marked by a preceding $ in the following table.
| Absolute | Construct | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | |||||||||||
| SG | DU | PL | SG | DU | PL | SG | DU | PL | SG | DU | PL | |||
| NOM | -hi | -hir | -hik | -dä | -där | -däk | -ku | -kur | -kuk | -du | -dur | -duk | ||
| ACC | ANIM | -hit | -git | -dät | -kät | -kut | -rut | -dut | -rut | |||||
| INAN | C- | -nikan | -nikat | -nidan | -nidat | -nikun | -nikut | -niban | -nibat | |||||
| V- | -nkan | -nkat | -ntan | -ntat | -nkun | -nkut | -nban | -nbat | ||||||
| ABL | -hirni | -girni | -därni | -kärni | -kurni | -rurni | -durni | -rurni | ||||||
There are also some cases that are expressed with separate suffixes, such as the lative, expressed with the suffix -zi affixed to the nominative form (with an irregular DC.SG form -həzi), or the ablative, expressed with a suffix -rni, suffixed to the animate accusative, which was included in the table above due to deleting the accusative article's final consonant. (the table is unfinished, i'm tired)
Predicates
Predicates are marked by person suffixes indexing the subject of the clause. These person prefixes are h(ä)- (1st person), b(ä)- (2nd person), k(i)- (3rd person) and ka- (3rd person near - this is purely deictic, i.e. not a proximate!) Predicates can be nominal, e.g. kkarpuhi suohi (kI-karApu-hi suo-hi (3-bird-DA.NOM owl-DA.NOM) “owls are birds”), or verbal.
Sample text
- bitiedə
- bitiedə
- long_ago
- kdəšˀəti
- kIdəšˀət-hi
- mockingbird-DA.NOM.SG
- ningut
- ni-ngut
- tree-DC.GEN.PL
- suopsotnigun
- suop-sot-nigun
- COLL-animal-DC.GEN.PL
- ksasjuhi
- kI-sa-sAju-hi
- 3-REL-chief-DA.NOM.SG
- ksänisik
- kI-sä-ni-sik
- 3-say-PST-CONT
"ktəbir bu ut kieksuo bingaməš nuotwəškuzi unʔukuogrohəzi hgatu" ksäni
ktəbir bu uo-t k-ieksuo bin-gaməš nuotwəšƏ-ku-zi un-kʔuogro-hi-zi hÄ-gat-u kI-sä-ni
any.ANIM 2PL 1SG-ACC 1-meddle.with\IRR 2SG.POSS-head hammer-DC.NOM.SG-LAT 1SG.POSS-beak-DA.NOM.SG-LAT 1-split\IRR-fut 3-say-PST
and said, “if any of you fuck with me I’ll split your head with my hammerous beak!”
brəškuowhi kinkan kumsirnəsik tiezojnigun binrəhit kmieknəsik
brəškuow-hi ki-nkan k-um-sir-ni-sik tiezoj-nigun binrə-hit k-miek-ni-sik
spider-DA.NOM.SG this-DA.ACC.INAN.SG 3-ear-behold-PST-CONT clear_water-DC.GEN.SG pool-DA.ACC.SG 3-find-PST-SEQ
Lyqou, upon hearing this, sought out a pool of clean water
gän huknikut nenkat kihrȧkni
gän huk-nikut ne-nkat ki-hrȧk-ni
bleen bunch_of_small_things-DC.GEN.PL small_rock-DA.GEN.PL 3-fill-PST
and filled it with blue rocks.