User:Zju/RED

Introduction

This is Ronquian Etymological Dictionary, an etymological dictionary of the Ronquian (a.k.a. Rompian) language family.

Where no PR meaning is given, it is assumed to be the same as the one of its descendants.

The dictionary

RT		Meaning	RTJ		Meaning	MT		Meaning	PR, *	Notes
kuc		(3a.du pronoun)	gúd		the two of them				gut
ndzì		(3a.pc/coll pronoun)				tgi	/tʰkɪ/	them (paucal)
ndźí		(3a.pl pronoun)	qĭ		they, their	gli	/klɪ/	they	ŋki, ki, gdi
tśi		(3a.sgv pronoun)	jĭ		he, she, it; his, her, its	ki	/kʰɪ/	he, she, it	gi
hkáe		(3i.du pronoun)
ndáo		(3i.pc/pl pronoun)
to		(3i.sg/coll pronoun)	dŏ		it, they, all of it, all of their, its, their	to	/tʰɔ/	it, they, all of it, all of them (inanimate)	do
ndro		(3i.sgv pronoun)	ĕdŏ		it, its	mro	/mrɔ/	it	mdo	<m-do
sru		(animate indefinite)
tenc		(complementizer)
rei		(complementizer, quotative)
ta		(imperative particle)
tsu		(inanimate indefinite)
sró	(no attr)	(interrogative copula)	srŏ		stand (used as a copula)	só	/so/	stand (used as a general copula)	sro
trá		(question particle)
hréc	(no attr)	(question verb)
bùn		(relative pronoun: animate)	hmo		animate relativizer	kambum	/kʰəmbʊm/	relativizer	-bum
gyào		(relative pronoun: inanimate)
mba		(singulative particle)
ngei		a little, a small amount of	ngàì		a little	ngai	/ŋaɪ̯/	a little	ŋaj
ndźi		much, a lot, a large amount of	hnyĭ		a lot	ndé	/nde/	a lot	ndje
			ĕbógĕtrub		a 'tithe' paid to the family of the queen during major seasonal festivals
			khŏ	khŏ	abacus, any counting tool				qo
pìnc	sgv pyènc	acorns	p’íd	mè	acorn(s)	p’in	/p’ɪn/	acorn(s)	pʔint
paec	pass páec, attr gwaec	acquire, buy	págh		recieve in trade, buy	pēc	/pʰɛ̤ʔ/	receive in trade	pCeq
zào	pass hsào, attr dzào	add, mix in	sĕrrĕtá		add, mix in	sâu	/sa̤ʊ̯/	add, mix in
ndù	pass syù, attr gundù	admit, confess	hnô		admit, confess	dandu	/təndʊ/	admit, confess	ndu
nàc rò		adopt (children)
rò	pass hrò, attr krò	embrace; accept				ro	/rɔ/	choose, select, settle on, adopt	ro
nàc	pass tàc, attr dàc	choose, take, use	cáb		choose, pick, select, take	dāph	/tə̤ɸ/	pick, select, take	dʔap
xe	pl nae	adze	grĕ		adze	īwū	/ɪ̤wṳ/	adze	ʀe
hmi		for as long as	hmì		age, epoch, long time, long period	mhírí	/m̥iri/	age, epoch, long time, long period	hmij
			jó		agree	kú	/kʰu/	agree with	gju
mbà	pl nambà	yard, enclosed area	ĕbă	hmâ	agricultural field, yard, garden	namba	/nəmbə/	garden, yard	mba
wei	sgv yèi	air	wí		air, emptiness				wij
na		all (of many)	nà		all	nā	/nə̤/	all	nha
dzá		all (of a few)
			hnâ		all three	tna	/tʰn̥ə/	all three	tna
twi	pass twí, attr gudwi	allow, let, permit	drĭ		allow, let, permit	twí	/tʰwi/	allow, let, permit	dRi
tsí		already	cĭ		already	thi	/θɪ/	already	ti
			hnĕlágh		altar	nhau	/n̥aʊ̯/	altar
tí		although, even if	ti		although	tha	/θə/	although	ta	the vocalism is puzzling - RT and RTJ suggest a front vowel, but lack the palatalisation, which it would have triggered
myuc		among, in reach of, connected to
an	pl nan	amphora, flask (ceramicware for liquids)	ràì		vase, ceramicware for holding liquid	anggó	/əŋgo/	vase, amphora, ceramicware for liquids
			xó	ĕró	ancestor	rusú	/rʊsu/	ancestor	sju
kèc	sgv kì	ancestors
o		and, also	o		and (coordinates clauses)	o	/ɔ/	and	o
na		and	ne		and (coordinates non-subject nouns)	na	/nə/	and, with (of noun phrases)	nə
			to		and (used to link sequential verbs)
						dāth	/tə̤θ/	anger
			céd		be angry	dāth	/tə̤θ/	be angry	dV?t
guo	attr kyuo	be angry	ngô		anger
ragá	pass hragá, attr gragá	bend	xĕ	ĕrĕ	angle, curve, bend	saye	/səjɛ/	angle, curve, bend
śec	pl síec	animal	xég	ĕrég	animal, creature	sakh	/səx/	animal, creature	sek
			ĕhxíg		ankle	ascikh	/əsʔɪx/	ankle, talus bone, dice	asʔik
ruguo	pass hruguo, attr gruguo	annoy, bother
pwo	pass pwó, attr gubwo	answer	blŏ		reply, respond	pó	/pʰo/	reply, respond	blo
			dóg		ant	tong	/tʰɔŋ/	ant	doŋk
taenc	sgv tsaenc	ants							dVVŋk
idré	(no pl)	anus
			qĕ		anus	khe	/xɛ/	anus	ke
tè		any (of many)	c’ĕ		any	t’e	/t’ɛ/	any	tʔe
omàc	(no sgv)	large village, town	rrĕpád		any large, permanent settlement	rómbāth	/rombə̤θ/	town; large, permanent village
			dĕt’ód		any of three	tat’oth	/tʰət’ɔθ/	any of the three	datʔot
			kĕdĕt’ód		any two of three				kadatʔot
			hngâ		applaud	ganga	/kəŋə/	applaud
						múwe	/muwɛ/	cider (alcohol made from apples)
						mandú	/məndu/	apple orchard, grove of apple trees	monduw	the original vowel of the first element could have been either o, reduced to a in MT, or a, rounded to o elsewhere
						mándú	/mandu/	apple tree	m?onduw
ndùo	(no sgv)	apple trees	ĕdú		apple trees				nduw
muo	sgv myuo	apple(s)	mò		apples, cider (alcohol made from apples)				mo
						múwong	/muwɔŋ/	apple(s)
			hfég	srég	thanks	safeng	/səfɛŋ/	thanks	safeŋk ~ sfeŋk
dwenc	attr gudwenc	appreciate, be grateful	bég		thank	peng	/pʰɛŋ/	thank	dbeŋk
nggà	pass hxà, attr ganggà	approve, agree
waon	sgv yàon	arable land
twíc	pass htwíc, attr gudwíc	disagree, protest, argue	tríd		argue with	thíth	/θiθ/	argue with	trit
						saríth	/səriθ/	argument	sarit ~ srit
			tríd		argument				trit
tsie	pl trac	arm	zí		arm	tí	/tʰi/	arm	dij
						yairí	/jaɪ̯ri/	armband
			ĕrĕzrí		armband, arm ring
			màì		armor, shell (e.g. of a turtle)	mamā	/məmə̤/	turtle shell, armor
			zĕhféd		armory, army				teSfet	< fet 'warrior'
						fandeth	/fəndɛθ/	army, militia	fəntet	< fet 'warrior'
rie		around
nrìn	sgv nyèn	arrow(s)	nyè		arrow(s)	gín	/kin/	arrow	gin
			hă		arrowhead, spearhead	ānggén	/ə̤ŋgen/	arrowhead	ha
bwá	attr gubwá	be similar, be like, resemble
pa		as, like	bă		be similar to, be like, resemble	ba	/pə/	be similar to, be like, resemble	ba
						kóláth	/kʰolaθ/	ash tree	gowlat
koa	sgv kyoa	ash trees	ghŏ		grove of ash trees	holath	/hɔləθ/	grove of ash trees	ɢo
śenc	(no sgv)	ashes	xéd	yéd	ash, ashes	xan	/χən/	ashes	χent
śae	pass hśae, attr gźae	ask (sb.)	xá		ask, question, interrogate (never "request")	sai	/saɪ̯/	ask, question, interrogate	sja, sjaj, sjaJ
hláo	pass hahláo, attr tláo	ask, plead, request (sth.)
ndźec	(no sgv)	asters (type of flower)	hmĕjéd	ĕjéd	asters (flower)	mhalath	/m̥ələθ/	asters (type of star-shaped flower)	hmeget
rae		at the edge of
ke		at the rear of, behind
nic		at, on
suo		at, on
dadào	pl ndadào	atlatl (spear-thrower)
dric	pass htric, attr kric	attack	rrĕzríd		attack	raríth	/rəriθ/	attack, assault	radrit
nggèi	(no sgv)	autumn, fall	nĕdrí		autumn, fall	nínggí	/niŋgi/	autumn	? ŋkej
						fafai	/fəfaɪ̯/	avalanche, landslide
			sĕwŏ		await
						húyākh	/hujə̤x/	ax
tlú	pl ndlú	axe	trŭ		axe
mbò	pl mpwò	baby	hmô	ĕbŏ	baby				mpo
			jé	nyè	baby bird
						kmalau	/kʰm̥əlaʊ̯/	bad
						fú	/fu/	bag, waterskin
páon	pass hpáon, attr gwáon	bake	pàì		bake	phem	/ɸɛm/	bake	pem
			pàì		baked goods, pastries	sawem	/səwɛm/	baked goods
			lód		ball	loth	/lɔθ/	ball, sphere	lot
hrèc	(no sgv)	band, tribe, ethnic group
nòa	(no sgv)	bandage				nūrau	/nʊ̤raʊ̯/	bandage(s)
			ĕhlĕzó		bandage
			lŭ		bar, keep out	lu	/lʊ/	bar, keep out	lu
			mĕwè		bark cloth	mwímbōm	/mwimbɔ̤m/	bark cloth
dec	sgv dzec	barn, stables	zĕhxég		barn, housing for animals	sréth	/sreθ/	barn, corral, housing for animals	sret
ngèa-póu	pl ngào-póu	barrel
			rrĕkh’áí		barrel	rók’ē	/rok’ɛ̤/	barrel	roqʔeh
			q’épegh		barter, trade with (a partner)
			k’ă		basket	ca	/ʔə/	basket	kʔa
nggàc	pl nanggàc	basket
xàe	(no pl)	bat
			dí		bat
						súsú	/susu/	bat
			bĕdrĕhì		battle, make war on
ndùc	pl nundùc	battle, skirmish	ĕdúd		battle, skirmish	nanduth	/nəndʊθ/	battle, skirmish	ntut
ndźéan	pl nindźéan	bay	ĕqàì	ĕjàì	bay	mlan	/mlən/	bay
ngóu	(no attr)	be (copula)
			dră		be able	dá	/ta/	be able	dra
ndèin	attr gindèin	be about to
			ĕjí		be afraid
						langgú	/ləŋgu/	be afraid
			hmê		be alone
byùc	attr gibyùc	be ambitious
			céd		be angry	dāth	/tə̤θ/	be angry	dV?t
guo	attr kyuo	be angry
			xĕtĕhxú		be ashamed
yunc	attr tśunc	be awake	yúb		be awake	yum	/jʊm/	be awake	jump
huo	attr kúo	be bad	ĕqé	ú	be bad
						mlau	/mlaʊ̯/	be bad, behave badly
						î	/i̤/	be beautiful, be pretty
			rrĕwŏ	ĕwŏ	be big
wò	attr kwò	be big, be large, be tall
			ríb		be black
pyonc	attr gibyonc	be black, be dark
fyou	attr givyou	be blind	fó		be blind	fú	/fu/	be blind	fow
ngùo	attr gùo	be blue, be green	gú		be blue/green				guə
mbrinc	attr gimbrinc	be brave, be courageous	mríd		be brave, be courageous	myin	/mjɪn/	be brave, be courageous	mrint
bwí	attr gubwí	be bright
			ó		be calm (of sea or weather)	ú	/u/	be calm (of weather or water)	ow
tò	attr glò	be calm, be silent
làe	attr tlàe	be calm, be sunny (of weather)
naonc	pass náonc, attr daonc	be characterized by
póu	attr gwóu	be closed	pí		be closed
dimbléi	attr glimbléi	be cloudy (of weather)
mbyu	attr gimbyu	be coarse, be rough
tsao	attr gzao	be cold (of things); feel cold (of people)
trae	attr grae	be cold (of weather)	dĕzrá	zá	be cold, feel cold
dinggéc	attr glinggéc	be colorful
			rró		be content, fulfilled	rū	/rʊ̤/	be content, be fullfilled	ruX
			hfí		be course, rough
dzèa	attr ksèa	be creative, have an idea
didyèi	attr glidyèi	be critically ill
ká	attr gyá	be crooked, be bent	trĕ		be crooked, be bent
danggae	attr glanggae	be cruel, be bloody
			dá		be cunning	dā	/tə̤/	be cunning, sly	daX
lae	attr tlae	be dangerous	lú		be dangerous	lí	/li/	be dangerous	lVV
			rrú		be deaf	rú	/ru/	be deaf	ruw
yòu	attr kyòu	be deep	ĕváú	yáú	be deep				jaw / xaw
bzìc	attr gibzìc	be delicate, be fragile
pie	attr gwie	be determined, be strict
			p’è		be diagonal to	p’ang	/p’əŋ/	be diagonal to	pʔeŋ
ngèn	attr gèn	be different, be unusual, be foreign	ngàì		be different, be unusual, be another	gen	/kɛn/	be different, be unusual, be another	ŋken
			c’ĕdĕră		be difficult	t’irá	/t’ɪra/	be difficult	? tʔidra
danggan	attr glanggan	be difficult, be problematic
bli	attr gibli	be disgusting; be worthless
nggù	attr gunggù	be distant, be far away
bè	attr kwè	be drunk, be intoxicated
rùo	attr krùo	be dry, be barren	rrú		be dry				ruə
dráo	attr kráo	be eager, be motivated
			c’ă		be easy	t’a	/t’ə/	be easy	? tʔa
tùnc	attr glùnc	be edible; be nourishing
			yúgh		be empty
bri	attr gibri	be evil, be malicious
			bréd		be exchanged for, switch with
			nyà		be excited	nám	/nam/	be excited	njam
			hmà		be expensive, precious, dear
						khíth	/xiθ/	be fair, be honorable, be just
			hngô	gŭ	be far, faraway, distant
ráon	attr tráon	be fast, be quick	hràì		be fast, quick	hém	/hem/	be fast, be quick	hrem
źù	attr dźù	be fearful, be afraid
la	attr tla	be female	lă		be female, be feminine	la	/lə/	be female, be feminine	la
pwaon	attr gubwaon	be fertile
			tŏ		be fine
			íb		be foolish, stupid
nàe	attr dàe	be fragrant
			dú		be fragrant, smell good
			ĕwí		be friendly
tún	attr glún	be full	dĕt’è		be full of	tat’am	/tʰət’əm/	be full of	detʔVm
			wób		be full (from eating)	woph	/wɔɸ/	be full (of food)	wop
dzì	attr ksì	be full (of food)
mbùn	attr mùn	be good; do well	hmò	mò	be good, well				mpun
			sĕwă	sră	be great
yonc	attr tśonc	be happy	yágh		be happy	yaŋ	/jəŋ/	be happy	jaɴq
			nrágh	mê	be hard
poc	attr gwoc	be hard, be solid
dóc	attr ksóc	be heavy, be massive
pwec	attr gubwec	be heroic, be famous, be noble
			bĕp’ò	p’ò	be high, tall
tśí	attr gźí	be hollow	qĭ		be hollow				ki
drac	attr krac	be holy, be sacred, be magical	ĕrŭ	rrŭ	be holy, sacred
			ĕmàìd		be honest, be honorable
			jĕqó	qó	be hot, warm
			wĕzrób		be hungry	wiróph	/wɪroɸ/	be hungry	widrop
yoc	attr tśoc	be hungry; be empty
			màù		be important	mō	/mɔ̤/	be important	moX
pòun	attr gwóun	be important, be relevant, be prominent
			já		be in pain	gā	/kə̤/	be in pain	gaX
dandza	attr glandza	be in trance
			ză		be industrious, dilligent, hardworking
			hmĕzrá		be inexpensive, cheap
pín	attr gwín	be innocent, be peaceful
nàenc	attr dàenc	be intelligent, be clever	nà		be intelligent, wise	dang	/təŋ/	be intelligent, be wise	?? daVŋk
ndroa	attr gundroa	be irrelevant, don't matter
			tríd		be just
ngwi	attr gwi	be kind, be gentle	ngù		be kind	ngí	/ŋi/	be kind	ŋwi
			hngô	kh’ŏ	be last, the last
mònc	attr bonc	be lazy	wób		be lazy	wom	/wɔm/	be lazy, unhelpful, useless	momp
psòn	pass hpsòn, attr gubzòn	be less than
mbí	attr gimbí	be lonely	mĕhmê		be lonely				mpi
						mama	/məmə/	be lonely
mbàn	attr gambàn	be long	bĕp’à	p’à	be long
dyò	attr gidyò	be loud, make noise
pè	attr gwè	be male	p’ĕ		be male, be masculine	p’e	/p’ɛ/	be male, be masculine	pʔe
			cágh		be massive, heavy
yein	attr kyein	be naked
			srŭ	sŭ	be near, nearby, close, neighboring
nyèn	attr dźen	be new, be young	ĕnyàì	lyàì	be new, young				njajn
			ĕnyàì	yàì	be next
			p’àù		be noble	p’om	/p'ɔm/	be noble	pʔom
			mò	úb	be old
hun	attr kún	be old (of people and animals)
vùnc	attr bunc	be old, be ancient (of things)
ngwìn	attr gwìn	be open	ngò		be open
pùnc	pass hpùnc, attr gùnc	be/move parallel to	p’úb		be parallel to	p’um	/p’ʊm/	be parallel to	pʔump
			pè		be peaceful, calm (of emotions)	phing	/ɸɪŋ/	be peaceful	piŋ
bòu	pass hpòu, attr kwòu	be/move perpendicular to	hó		be perpendicular to	hū	/hʊ̤/	be perpendicular to	hbow
dzùo	attr ksùo	be poisonous
dyáe	attr gidyáe	be polite
			ĕdrĕ		be poor	ranggé	/rəŋge/	be poor
ngéi	attr géi	be popular
da	attr ksa	be powerful, be influential
nggò	attr gunggò	be precious, be valuable, be of high quality
						kekh	/kʰɛx/	be pregnant
dùonc	attr ksùonc	be pregnant
su	attr gzu	be present, be in reach
xei	attr kei	be pretty, be beautiful
			yĕrĕ	ĕrĕ	be previous, be (the) one before
			bíg		be private, be personal
			p’íg		be public	p’ing	/p'ɪŋ/	be public	pʔiŋk
			t’ŏ		be quiet	t’o	/t’ɔ/	be quiet	tʔo
			wá		be ready	wai	/waɪ̯/	be ready, get ready, prepare	? waj
hśac	attr kśac	be ready, be finished
			gí		be red
pwae	attr gèi	be red
			jĕhvĕhí		be renowned, respected, famous
			hnyèb		be rich	nanem	/nənɛm/	be rich	nemp
onc	attr konc	be right, guess correctly	ágh		be right, guess correctly	ang	/əŋ/	be right, be correct, guess correctly	aɴq
loc	attr tloc	be rough (of weather)	lúgh		be rough (of sea or weather)	luc	/lʊʔ/	be rough (of weather or water)	luq
pyei	attr gibyei	be round (2D)
ploc	attr gubloc	be round (3D)
yèanc	attr kyèanc	be sad	yĕzrágh		be sad	yuyang	/jʊjəŋ/	be sad	CVCaɴq
nye	attr dźe	be safe	nyê		be safe	né	/ne/	be safe	nje
pric	attr gibric	be salty
brinc	attr gibrinc	be secret, be confidential, be hidden	p’ĕzríg		be secret	p’iríŋ	/p'ɪriŋ/	be secret	pʔidriŋk
mí	attr bí	be separate, be on one's own
dźie	attr kśie	be sharp	hxí		be sharp
yin	attr tśin	be short	nyè	è	be short				njen
			bĕprég	brég	be sick
dyèi	attr gidyèi	be sick, be ill
tó	attr gló	be significant, have a hidden meaning
			lŭ		be silent	lu	/lʊ/	be silent	lu
bwá	attr gubwá	be similar, be like, resemble	bă		be similar to, be like, resemble	ba	/pə/	be similar to, be like, resemble	ba
tsèa	attr gzèa	be simple, be easy
mì	attr bì	be skilled
sruc	attr gruc	be slow	srúg		be slow	súkh	/sux/	be slow	sruk
mbìn	attr mìn	be small	hmè	mè	be small				mpin
			hnyâ		be smooth
			hngê		be soft
nggí	attr ginggí	be soft, be smooth
ró	attr kró	be special, be unique
						sangga	/səŋgə/	be sticky
			dlĕdrĕ		be sticky
kyuc	attr gigyuc	be straight	júb	gĕjúb	be straight				gjump
twó	attr glúo	be strong	dĕdrŏ	trŏ	be strong
ndza	attr gandza	be successful, hit the target
prec	attr gibrec	be surprising, do suddenly
va	attr ba	be sweet
			bè		be talented	pim	/pʰɪm/	be talented, have talent	bim
móu	attr bóu	be tame (of animals)
			grĕgré	gré	be the middle one, be in the middle
			ĕnòb	lúb	be thick
lunc	attr tlunc	be thick (2D)
nrùnc	attr drunc	be thick (3D)
			cíb	dlyíb	be thin
líc	attr tlíc	be thin (2D)
bwíc	attr gubwíc	be thin (3D)
ròu	attr kròu	be thirsty	ĕrí		be thirsty	yí	/ji/	be thirsty	r?i
manc	attr banc	be tired	màd		be tired	man	/mən/	be tired	mant
fào	attr gwào	be together				fanggau	/fəŋgaʊ̯/	be together, be in a group
			ká		be together, be in a group
dzónc	attr ksónc	be true, be correct
			úd		be unfortunate, be unlucky
			mĕzráú		be unimportant	mirô	/mɪro̤/	be unimportant	midroX
			nyĕhnyè		be unknown	ndiŋai	/ndɪŋaɪ̯/	be unknown	ndi
			í		be unreal, imaginary	î	/i̤/	beauty	iX
tú	attr glú	be unusable, be defunct (of tools etc.)
myèn	attr byèn	be usual, be ordinary, do habitually
tśáo	attr gźáo	be warm, be hot (of things); feel warm (of people)
kwéi	attr gugwéi	be warm, be hot (of weather)
zròc	attr dròc	be weak	dĕcr'áb	zráb	be weak
zrénc	attr drénc	be welcome
			c’à		be wet
bou	attr kwou	be wet, be damp
rén	(no attr)	be what?	hràì		be what? (inanimate)				hren
			ù	k’íb	be white
pàonc	attr gwàonc	be white, be pale
róu	(no attr)	be who?	hráú		be who? (animate)				hraw
hrùn	attr dùn	be whole, be complete, be functional
piec	attr gwiec	be wild, be fierce
bú	attr gú	be windy (of weather)
tsáo	attr gzáo	be wise
lùo	pass hlùo, attr tlùo	be worried about
			gré	gĕgré	be wrong	iráng	/ɪraŋ/	be wrong
mào	attr bào	be yellow	bé		be yellow
			dĕcr’àù	hnàù	beach
gròn	sgv gyòn	beach, gravel bank
			gáú	ngàù	bead(s)
						fwēc	/fwɛ̤ʔ/	beads, money
ngòu	sgv nyòu	beads, pearls
nggae	(no pl)	beak (of a bird)	k’í		beak	k’í	/k’i/	beak	kʔij
hlo	sgv syo	beans	dlrŏ		beans	sówai	/sowaɪ̯/	beans	ɬro
tśao	pl kyáo	bear				kau	/kʰaʊ̯/	bear	kjaw
			ĕnà		bear
kàc	pass hkàc, attr gyàc	bear, carry	kh’ád		bear, carry				qʔat
			ngà		bear, give birth to	can	/ʔən/	bear, give birth	ŋan
nínc	sgv nyénc	beard	zĕhíg		beard	nhing	/n̥ɪŋ/	beard, facial hair	hniŋk
			nyò		beauty
pyu		because
lo	attr tlo	become
			ngòb		become old	ngum	/ŋʊm/	become old	ŋump
						t’án	/t’an/	become wet, be wet
ninc	pl ndinc	bed	nàì		bed				niNT
						músandai	/musəndaɪ̯/	bed of strawberries
						nai	/naɪ̯/	bed, sleeping place
rae	sgv rie	bee(s)	ĕré		bee	yímú	/jimu/	bee	? rij
						píyi	/pʰijɪ/	beech tree
						mauyí	/maʊ̯ji/	beehive
pe	sgv pye	beer	bĕ		beer	pe	/pʰɛ/	beer	be
			fóg		beetle	fokht’éph	/fɔxt’eɸ/	beetle	fok
nge		before, in front of, across from, facing
			hlá		beg	hlau	/hlaʊ̯/	beg	hlaw
			mèg		belief, faith, religion	mekhsang	/mɛxsəŋ/	belief, faith, religion	mek
tsin	pass tsín, attr gzin	believe, trust	zè		believe	tin	/tʰɪn/	believe, accept as truth	din
			ngàù		belly (exterior)
htsi	(no pl)	belly, stomach				kícom	/kʰiʔɔm/	belly, abdomen	hgi
			jú		belly, abdomen (interior)
ragá	pass hragá, attr gragá	bend
			yĕ		bend	ye	/jɛ/	bend	je
runc		beside, close to
						ró	/ro/	big
			ĕjú		bile	úlí	/uli/	bile
			dò		billygoat	tun	/tʰʊn/	billygoat (male goat)	dun
lú	pass hlú, attr tlú	bind, tie, fasten	dlŭ		bind, tie	su	/sʊ/	bind, tie	ɬu
no	pl hno	bird
			dré		bird	kí	/kʰi/	bird
			ĕp’à	hmà	bird's nest
xàon	(no pl)	birth
			káú		bitch (female dog)	sácau	/saʔaʊ̯/	bitch, female dog (less marked)
kónc	pass hkónc, attr gyónc	bite
			tă		bite	t’ā	/t’ə̤/	bite
			cé		black color, black pigment	thí	/θi/	black, dark (in color)	tVV
						yēt’í	/jɛ̤t’i/	black obsidian
						thíyāth	/θijə̤θ/	black pigment, the color black
			fó		bladder
hkwi	pl ngkwi	blanket	lyĕhfĭ		blanket	wikhfi	/wɪxfɪ/	blanket(s)	?? hkwi
rù	pass hrù, attr krù	bless	ĕrŭ		bless	rayu	/rəjʊ/	bless	rəu
			qó		blisters	khú	/xu/	blister(s)	qVV
			ĕwá	éwa	blood
xae	sgv xèi	blood				âi	/a̤ɪ̯/	blood
wic	attr kwic	blow
			gú	ngò	blue/green color, pigment	kngú	/kʰŋ̊u/	blue, green, blue/green	ʀaj
						cúyāth	/ʔujə̤θ/	blue, green, blue/green, those colors/pigments
						kdū	/kʰtʊ̤/	blunt, dull
			khó	khó	boar (male pig)	kîcoléng	/kʰi̤ʔɔleŋ/	boar (male pig)	qo
bei	attr kwei	boast, exaggerate
			yá		boat, ship	yai	/jaɪ̯/	boat, raft	jaj
			xé	yé	body, torso
			ngĕqó		boil	ngangalau	/ŋəŋəlaʊ̯/	boil
			q’íd		bone	k’ith	/k’ɪθ/	bone	qʔit
tea	sgv tśìc	bones
kò mi		borrow	k’ĕdlŏ		borrow
kò	pass hkò, attr gyò	borrow (temporary transfer of possession in either direction)				kô	/kʰo̤/	borrow (temporary transfer of possession in either direction)	goX
nac		both	nàd		both	nath	/nəθ/	both	nat
gréi	(no sgv)	bottom (of a river or lake)	gĕtráí	gĕdráí	bottom (of a body of water)	yaulalai	/jaʊ̯ləlaɪ̯/	bottom (of a body of water)
wóu	sgv yóu	bow and arrow	hwó		bow	ûnggín	/ṳŋgin/	bow	hwou
			kh’áí		bowl, bucket	cai	/ʔaɪ̯/	bowl	qʔaj
diec	pl dac	box, case
			rréb		boy	reph	/rɛɸ/	boy	rep
pei	pl pwéi	boy, son
			jĭ	jĭ	brain	gwi	/kwɪ/	brain	gi	infixation in MT
			gá	ngà	branch
						cauphgo	/ʔaʊ̯ɸkɔ/	branch(es)
ngào	sgv nyào	branches (of a tree)
			hságh	drágh	bread	gsac	/ksəʔ/	bread	ksaq
baon	sgv byaon	bread
kú	pass hkú, attr gyú	break, destroy	kŭ		break, destroy	hu	/hʊ/	break	gu
xa	pl hxa	breast, chest	gră		breast	ārung	/ə̤rʊŋ/	breast	ʀa
hka gónc		breastfeed
			wá		breath	waifu	/waɪ̯fʊ/	breath
wuo	attr kuo	breathe; be alive	ú		breathe	í	/i/	breathe	?? wu?
						uwa	/ʊwə/	breeze, gust of wind
nóu	sgv nyóu	brick	hnyò		brick(s)				hnow	infixation in RTJ
vòc-swín	sgv vyòc-swín	brideprice	ĕbĕhsrè	ĕmĕhsrè	brideprice	wōscayîm	/wɔ̤sʔəji̤m/	brideprice	woʔs?im
te	pl nde	bridge	zĕ		bridge	té	/tʰe/	bridge	te	infixation in MT
nàc kàc tsì		bring
						kdeth	/kʰtɛθ/	bronze, bronzeware
			jĕnâ		bronzeware, bronze
yàe-pin	pl nyàe-pin	broom
fye	pl fwé	brother	fă	ĕyă	brother	fafa	/fəfə/	brother	fə/fa	infixation in RT
ngèa-kàc	pl ngào-kàc	bucket				k’ē	/k’ɛ̤/	bucket	ŋkʔeX
foc	pl fwóc	bug, beetle
						t’éph	/t’eɸ/	bug, insect
lá	pass hlá, attr tlá	build, create, manufacture
mbràe	pl mpràe	bull (male bovine)	bĕngè	ĕdré	bull (male bovine)	banggí	/pəŋgi/	bull (male bovine)
suc	pass hsuc, attr gzuc	bump into, collide with
			rrĕràìya		burial mound (of a king)
			ĕmâ		burial place, graveyard
			fĕkŭ		burn
fwi	attr guvwi	burn	fĭ		burn	xí	/χi/	burn	χi
nggwi	pass hunggwi, attr gunggwi	burn, set on fire
dza ndè		bury	dĕrrĕcr’àì		bury
kè		but, however	q’e		but, however	k’e	/k’ɛ/	but	qʔe
tá	sgv tsá	butter	tá		butter	thai	/θaɪ̯/	butter	taL
kóc	sgv ké	buttocks	kód		buttocks				kot
						horâu	/hɔra̤ʊ̯/	buttocks
ta		by
byen		by doing
			fĕsrèrrĕdo	fĕrèrrĕdo	calendar
mindzìnc	pl mandràenc	calf (bovine offspring)
			ĕrĕrég		calf	rayang	/rəjəŋ/	calf (bovine offspring)
						siphsikh	/sɪɸsɪx/	calf, lower leg
xù	attr kù	call out, roar (of animals)								perhaps an onomatopoeia
hóu	pass fóu, attr kóu	call, shout	háú		call, shout	hau	/haʊ̯/	call, shout	haw
hindzic	(no pl)	camp
nrà	attr drà	can, be able
			zég	nyég	candle
						dakh	/təx/	candle(s)
						akhnath	/əxnəθ/	canine tooth, eye tooth, fang
			má		captain (of a boat or ship)
tsóu	pl htsóu	captive, hostage, slave	záú		capture, keep hostage				djaw
htśenc	(no pl)	carp	qéd		carp	fálan	/falən/	carp
						cath	/ʔəθ/	carry
			brĕ		castrate
káenc	pl kwáenc	cat	trég		cat	khang	/xəŋ/	cat	k?Vŋk
bí	pass hpí, attr kwí	catch, capture
			jĕgĕtráí		catfish	kalalai	/kʰələlaɪ̯/	catfish
						rú	/ru/	cause
tśòa	pl ndźòa	cave, cavern				cō	/ʔɔ̤/	cave
			zé		celebrate
						dau	/taʊ̯/	celebrate, honor
			sĕgré		center, middle	salú	/səlu/	center, middle	saʀu
śoun	pl śwóun	centipede	xà	yà	centipede, millipede	xám	/χam/	centipede, millipede	χjam
kàonc	sgv kyùnc	chalk, limestone	k’íb	ngè	chalk, calcium, white color, white pigment	k’imac	/k’ɪməʔ/	chalk, calcium	kʔimp
tei nu		challenge, provoke, tease
			brĕ		change	pa	/pʰə/	change
zróu	pass hsróu, attr dróu	change, convert, turn into
						tíyā	/tʰijə̤/	charcoal, coal(s) (of a fire)
sro	pass hsro, attr gro	chase, pursue, hunt	srŏ		chase, pursue	syo	/sjɔ/	chase, pursue
ko drá		check, test
			súb		cheek	sumbōm	/sʊmbɔ̤m/	cheek	sump
			dò		chest (body part)	tung	/tʰʊŋ/	chest	doŋ
						kmirâ	/kʰm̥ɪra̤/	cheap, inexpensive
yùo	pass syùo, attr kyùo	chew	yú		chew	yí	/ji/	chew	juə
nyào	pl kyáo	chick, baby bird				ngaungau	/ŋaʊ̯ŋaʊ̯/	chick, bird offspring, baby bird	ŋjaw
ugei	pl uhkei	chieftain, leader
pwanc	pl dànc	child	blád	dlád	child	pán	/pʰan/	child	bant
			bĕnà	hnà	children (collective plural)				? ba na
			rrŏ	hnà	children (collective plural)
nèa	pl ndèa	chimney	ză	nyâ	chimney, smokehole	dawō	/təwɔ̤/	chimney, smokehole	da?
			híg		chin	hing	/hɪŋ/	chin	hiŋk
dunó	pl ndunó	chisel
			cáb		choose, pick, select, take
						ro	/rɔ/	choose, select, settle on, adopt
nàc	pass tàc, attr dàc	choose, take, use
						Wekh	/wɛx/	chthonic god of wisdom and magic
			Gĕgĕsă		chthonic home of evil spirits
						múwe	/muwɛ/	cider (alcohol made from apples)
			ĕré		circle (shape)	raisau	/raɪ̯saʊ̯/	circle	raj
			gă		clap (hands)	ca	/ʔə/	clap (hands)	ga
			c’è		claw	t’ing	/t’ɪŋ/	claw	tʔiŋ
mbza	(no sgv)	clay	srĕ		clay	samam	/səməm/	clay
						pamban	/pʰəmbən/	clean up
bwìn	pass hpwìn, attr gubwìn	clean, tidy up
nóa	pl ndóa	cliff, rocky slope				nūfai	/nʊ̤faɪ̯/	cliff(s)	nuX
						swo	/swɔ/	climb, ascend
gra	attr gagra	climb, go up
			jĕbĕtàì		cloak	sawi	/səwɪ/	cloak
						phundú	/ɸʊndu/	close
rubóu	pass hrubóu, attr grubóu	close
lic	sgv yec	cloth, fabric				likh	/lɪx/	cloth, fabric	lik
nu	sgv nyu	clothes	ngò		clothes	ngúfamo	/ŋufəmɔ/	clothes	ŋu?
			dlyí		cloud	lílā	/lilə̤/	cloud
léi	sgv yéi	cloud(s)
kwei	pl nggwei	club, bludgeon
téi	sgv tséi	coal	zĕkhă		coal				de
						kandafú	/kʰəndəfu/	coarse, rough
			xáí	ĕráí	coast	sêyâi	/se̤ja̤ɪ̯/	coast
ksùn	(no sgv)	coast (of the ocean)
swi	pl ndzwi	coat, cloak
			vĕgrúb	hlúb	cockroach	xcúph	/χʔuɸ/	cockroach	? xʀup
						tau	/tʰaʊ̯/	cold
			rrú		cold, cold weather
						tambú	/tʰəmbu/	collaborator, colleague
hríe	attr kríe	collapse, fall apart, decay, rot
ngúoc	pass hxúoc, attr gúoc	collect, gather
ngèi	pl nggèi	color
			ĕkád	ĕgád	color, stain	āth	/ə̤θ/	color(s)	?at
bwóu	pass hpwóu, attr gubwóu	come up with, invent
mya	attr bya	come, approach (towards listener)	mâ		come, approach (towards listener)	má	/ma/	come, approach (towards listener)	ma, mja
dźi	attr kśi	come, approach (towards someone other than speaker or listener)
do	attr dlo	come, approach (towards something)	lŏ		come, approach (towards somewhere other than speaker or listener)	lo	/lɔ/	come, approach (towards somewhere other than speaker or listener)	lo
tsì	attr gzì	come, approach (towards speaker)	c'ĭ		come, approach (towards speaker)	t’i	/t’ɪ/	come, approach (towards speaker)	tʔi
vei		coming from; made of
			ĕdrĕ		commit	wra	/wrə/	commit
dźìc	attr kśìc	commit incest	dĕtĕzríb		commit incest with	ténggiph	/tʰeŋgɪɸ/	commit incest	gip
						kamban	/kʰəmbən/	common
hei	pl hae	companion, fellow, coworker
zei	pl ndzei	competition, contest
idric	pass hidric, attr gidric	complain about	ĕzríb		complain about, protest	iríph	/ɪriɸ/	complain about, protest	idrip
			ĕwáígh		complain, gripe
			qă		completely, perfectly	kha	/xə/	completely, well	ka~kja
						kbau	/kʰpaʊ̯/	complimentizer
moc	pass móc, attr boc	confuse, mix up, fail to distinguish				muc	/mʊʔ/	confuse	muq
						sáng	/saŋ/	coniferous tree
			hsà	ĕgrà	coniferous tree forest	sāng	/sə̤ŋ/	coniferous tree forest	hsaŋ
			fĕwíg		consider
dzùn	pass htsùn, attr ksùn	contain
			dĕdró		control
gyác	pass hkyác, attr gigyác	control, manage, rule, govern
dào	pass htào, attr ksào	convince, persuade	rrĕdró		convince, persuade	rlú	/rlu/	convince, persuade
ndźáo	pass handźáo, attr gandźáo	cook	ĕqó		cook	nglau	/ŋlaʊ̯/	cook
			gĕzréd		copper, copperware	theth	/θɛθ/	copper	tet~dret
			hnò		corner, cliff	nhūsaye	/nhʊ̤səjɛ/	corner	hnoX
venc		corresponding to, depending on, modeled on, in the style of
húnc	sgv ngkwac	council of elders	húb	húb	council (organization)				hump
						uwūm	/ʊwʊ̤m/	council, advisers to a ruler
gyoa	pass hkyoa, attr gigyoa	count	khŏ		count	gyo	/kyɔ/	count	qo	affixation and infixation
						fōsó	/fɔ̤so/	counting beans
			cà	hxà	courage, bravery	tēm	/tʰɛ̤m/	courage, bravery
mó	pass fwó, attr bó	cover, protect	hmô		cover	mho	/m̥ɔ/	cover	hmo
fi mó śea		cover sth. completely
zìnc	pl zràenc	cow (female bovine)	ĕrég		cow (female bovine)	rang	/rəŋ/	cow (female bovine)	riŋk
			dà		co-worker, collaborator, colleague
lá lei		craft, create (artwork)
zamblá	pl damblá	craftsman
lin kòun		crawl	lyèk’a		crawl
			yá		cream	yā	/jə̤/	cream	jaX
lá nàc		create for oneself
mbenc	pl mbíenc	creek, brook, small river
sréc	sgv śéc	crime, misbehavior
zinggrèa	pl dinggrèa	cripple, disabled person
						kla	/kʰlə/	crooked, bent
						sambi	/səmbɪ/	crop(s)
			dĕbáú		cross	tambau	/tʰəmbaʊ̯/	cross	dampaw
			hsă	sră	cross cousin
			grógĕk’ud		crotch, groin	uwōngk’uth	/ʊwɔ̤ŋk’ʊθ/	crotch, groin area	kʔut
			cĕk’à		crouch
tyá	pl tíe	crow	qă		crow	khalí	/xəli/	crow	ka, kja
tóun	pass htóun, attr glóun	crush, grind	tà		crush, grind	tham	/θəm/	crush, grind	tam
			jíg		cry, cries, vocalization(s)	king	/kʰɪŋ/	cry, cries	giŋk
nwao	attr dwao	cry, weep	nyé		cry, scream	nau	/naʊ̯/	cry, scream	naw
			ĕgĕtr’íg		crystal(s)	ak’íkh	/ək'ix/	crystal(s)	kʔik
nudróu	pass hnudróu, attr gunudróu	cultivate, grow (crops)
dru	pass htru, attr kru	curse, condemn				rayirú	/rəjɪru/	curse
			zó		cut	tau	/tʰaʊ̯/	cut	djaw
tsao	pass tsáo, attr gzao	cut (into), carve
twè	pass htwè, attr gudwè	cut apart, split, cleave
			fĕzrè	fĕsrè	cycle, recurring event or process	frén	/fren/	cycle, recurring event or process	fedren
			drĕwíd		dagger, sword (of copper or bronze)
			hxú	hnyú	daisies	basú	/pəsu/	daisies	basju ? bsju
ntào	pass ntsào, attr gantào	dance	hxú	ĕsrú	dance
źwi	sgv źu	dance; celebration	zú		dance	sasí	/səsi/	dance(s), game(s) (for playing)
			hxĕmò	hnyĕmò	dandelion	múmbú	/mumbu/	dandelions	mbow
dàon	attr ksàon	dare, venture, take a chance
			vób		darkness	xom	/χɔm/	darkness	xomp
			gràì		daughter	īnīn	/ɪ̤nɪ̤n/	daughter(s)	ʀin
			plŭ		day
man	(no pl)	day				man	/mən/	day	man
			ĕnrĕdĕpĭ		daybreak, sunrise, dawn	rangammwi	/rəŋəmmwɪ/	daybreak, sunrise, dawn
śao	pl śwao	dead body
						kmā	/kʰm̥ə̤/	dear, expensive, precious
gu	(no pl)	death
			hmâ		death	sama	/səmə/	death	sma
kenc	pass kénc, attr gyenc	decide, judge
						láth	/laθ/	deciduous tree
dzéi	pass htséi, attr kséi	declare, announce	dĕtáí		declare, announce				detaj
						trai	/tʰraɪ̯/	declare, announce, proclaim
lei	pass léi, attr tlei	decorate
						yau	/jaʊ̯/	deep
mae	pl mfwáe	deer	mù		deer	mí	/mi/	deer	mij
			wĕdró		defeat	warū	/wərʊ̤/	defeat	wadruX
ndźác	pass handźác, attr gandźác	defeat
			gró		defecate	hû	/hṳ/	defecate	ʀuX
kwóa	attr gugwóa	defecate, poo
			sĕrá		demand	syai	/sjaɪ̯/	demand
kèi	attr gyèi	depart, leave, go away (from listener)	k’áí		depart, leave, go away (from listener)	cai	/ʔaɪ̯/	depart, leave, go away (from listener)	kʔaj
pei	attr gwei	depart, leave, go away (from someone other than speaker or listener)	báí		depart, leave, go away (from somewhere other than speaker or listener)	pai	/pʰaɪ̯/	depart, leave, go away (from somewhere other than speaker or listener)	baj
blo	attr gublo	depart, leave, go away (from something)
kein	attr gyein	depart, leave, go away (from speaker)	jàì		depart, leave, go away (from speaker)	keng	/kʰɛŋ/	depart, leave, go away (from speaker)	geŋ
			rrĕgrĕyágh		depression, despair, agony, tragedy	rôyuyang	/ro̤jʊjəŋ/	depression, despair, tragedy	roʀujaɴq
mò	pl ndò	descendant, offspring	p’ŏ		descendant	p’o	/p’ɔ/	descendant	pʔo	the onset correspondance is interesting, it could be that ʔ is an infix and the original word was bo
			ngà	ngàd	desert, infertile land, uninhabited land
wùo	pass fùo, attr kùo	deserve, be worthy of	wă		deserve	wa	/wə/	deserve	wa
						klu	/kʰlʊ/	destroy	lku
mpa	pass dwá, attr glàc	destroy, devastate
			kŭ	ĕkŭ	destruction, ruin	salcu	/səlʔʊ/	destruction, ruin	lku / s(a)lku
			mê		dew	mé	/me/	dew	me?
ma	attr ba	die				ma	/mə/	die	ma
						ganggen	/kəŋgɛn/	different, unusual, another
dza	pass htsa, attr ksa	dig	dă		dig	ta	/tʰə/	dig	da / dja
			kí		digging stick, any digging tool
			tíb		digit, finger (not thumb)
			pĕ		dirt, floor
			jĕzró		disagree	kirú	/kʰɪru/	disagree with	gidrow
twíc	pass htwíc, attr gudwíc	disagree, protest, argue
dzóc	pass htsóc, attr ksóc	disconnect, loosen, untie
			bĕpáú		discover, invent
tyuc pyec pwo		discuss, negotiate
kyao	pl nggyao	disease, illness				kwau	/kʰwaʊ̯/	disease, illness	k?aw
nggóa	pass hxóa, attr gunggóa	dislike				nghō	/ŋ̊ɔ̤/	dislike
			bĕzrè		dislike
dandáen	pass htandáen, attr glandáen	dismiss, reject, repudiate
			hnàì		distribute, share	knai	/kʰn̥aɪ̯/	distribute, share	knaj
						mhawō	/m̥əwɔ̤/	ditch(es)	hmawoX
			xéjub		ditch, line, border
má	sgv myá	ditch, moat, trench, furrow
won	attr kwon	do a little bit, do partly
tre	attr gre	do never
bìc	attr kwìc	do once
ngwae	attr gwae	do properly, do well
dwao	attr gudwao	do several times, do every now and then
dro	(no attr)	do the same
dròc	attr kròc	do three times
tyáon	attr gidyáon	do too much, do excessively
drae	attr krae	do twice
śac	pass hśac, attr gźac	do, make
			hnyà		dock, harbor, port
			ùdau		domestic cow
pòc nwì		donate, give gifts to				p’oth	/p’ɔθ/	donate, give freely, give as a gift	pʔot
nyù	pl ndźù	door, gate	jú	nyò	door	gú	/ku/	door, entry	gjow
			ĕtrád		dot, mark, blemish	ngláth	/ŋlaθ/	dot, mark, blemish	lŋrat
táen	pass htáen, attr gláen	doubt	tràì		doubt	thang	/θəŋ/	doubt
bwaon	(no sgv)	dough	práí		dough	phā	/ɸə̤/	dough	pCa-
le	pl hloa	dove	lyĕ		dove	lelí	/lɛli/	dove, pigeon	lje
li soc tsì		drag
yenc gyáe nyu		dream	kú		dream
tśic	pass tśíc, attr gźic	drink	jíd		drink	kith	/kʰɪθ/	drink	git
			í		drip on	í	/i/	drip on	? ij
			lyé		drip, drops	lau	/laʊ̯/	drip, drop(s)
			rrĕfá		drop
lou	pl ndlou	drop (of water)
ravae	pass hravae, attr gravae	drop, cause to fall
			nyĕhnyè		drown	nganí	/ŋəni/	drown
ngòun	sgv nyòun	drums	ngè		drum	gam	/kəm/	drum	gam
						kí	/kʰi/	dry
mbzac	pl mpsac	duck, goose	hsád	hnád	duck	mhásath	/m̥asəθ/	duck	mpsat
bzèi		due to (the fact that), because (of)
rà		due to; made by
			dlyíb	ĕlríb	dung	síph	/siɸ/	dung	ɬjip
wáo	sgv yáo	dust, dirt	hyó	gró	dust	haumam	/haʊ̯məm/	dust	haw / waw (? hwaw)
tśa	pass tśá, attr gźa	dwell at, live in	jáí		dwell, live in	kê	/kʰe̤/	dwell in, live in	geX
nya	(no pl)	dwelling, home	jáí	nyàì	dwelling, home				ŋgeX
			jĕbú		dye, paint
hac		each (member of a collection)	dlréd		each	hath	/həθ/	each	ɬrat
zoc	pl hsoc	eagle	ságh	ságh	eagle	asac	/əsəʔ/	eagle	ssaq
			ghă		ear	hara	/hərə/	ear	ɢa
tséa	pl tác	ear	că		earlobe	taca	/tʰəʔə/	earlobe
wùo mi		earn	wĕdlŏ		earn
ga	pl ngga	earring (jewelry)	ĕrĕghă		earring	yaica	/jaɪ̯ʔə/	earring	-ɢa
myaon	(no sgv)	earth, soil				mam	/məm/	earth, dirt	mam
			dĕtr’íd		earthquake	tat’íth	/tʰət’iθ/	earthquake	datʔit
			zrĕgá		earthworm	tácā	/tʰaʔə̤/	earthworm	dragaX
			dlĕkhă	dlĕkhă	earwax	hwuthca	/hwʊθʔə/	earwax	-ɢa / -qa
						ngu	/ŋʊ/	east
tyòu	pass htyòu, attr gidyòu	eat
			khúb		eat, consume	hum	/hʊm/	eat, consume	qump
blao	(no pl)	eclipse
			tá	hsá	eclipse
						yâi	/ja̤ɪ̯/	edge, margin, border
kwenc	(no pl)	eel
mwác	sgv myéc	egg(s)	hmàd		egg(s)	mháth	/m̥aθ/	egg(s)	hmat	infixed -w-
kóu		18	khó		eighteen	hú	/hu/	eighteen	qoɬ
dzòc		either, any (of a few)	t’ód		either	t’oth	/t’ɔθ/	either	tʔot
			rrĕgrágh		elation, joy, ecstacy	rôyang	/ro̤jəŋ/	elation, joy	roʀaɴq
sae	pl syoc	elbow	sú		elbow	sísaye	/sisəjɛ/	elbow
sran	(no pl)	elder, experienced person
			ĕkă		elephant	mā	/mə̤/	elephant	??? mka
						ranggeth	/rəŋgɛθ/	ember
saen	sgv śin	embers	sràì		embers
			qéd		embrace
rò	pass hrò, attr krò	embrace; accept
						yuc	/jʊʔ/	emptiness, air	j-uq
			ĕdúgh	túgh	empty	kúc	/kʰuʔ/	empty	d-uq, g-uq
						yunduc	/jʊndʊʔ/	empty, unload	j-(u)-nd-uq
yàc	(no pl)	end; culmination; result	srégh		end, ending, culmination	sayec	/səjɛʔ/	end, ending, culmination	sCjeq
			xĕtàì		endure, withstand
			bĕré		enemy (a person)	púyú	/pʰuju/	enemy (a person)
dyao	(no sgv)	enemies (as a group)	dĕbré		enemy (as a collective group)	tuwú	/tʰʊwu/	enemy (as a collective group), "the enemy"
			zĕcè	cè	enemy nation, rival clan
			kĕxíg		entire leg	hausikh	/haʊ̯sɪx/	(entire) leg	? kuwsik
			màxeg		equinox	mandang	/məndəŋ/	equinox	maseŋk, mantaŋk < maŋk
mbyo	attr gimbyo	err, be mistaken
tswi pei		escape (from)
ngónc	(no sgv)	evening	hngòb		evening	nghom	/ŋ̊ɔm/	evening	hŋomp
			céb		event	them	/θɛm/	event(s)	temp
méc	sgv myéc	events, instances, occurrences, repetitions
nè		every	zĕ		every	de	/tɛ/	every	de
						núsang	/nusəŋ/	evidence, proof
			cè		ewe, sheep (less marked)	thin	/θɪn/	ewe (female sheep; less marked)	tin
laláo	pass hlaláo, attr glaláo	examine, study	lĕdlré		examine, inspect, investigate, study	lalú	/ləlu/	examine, inspect, investigate, study
nwa	pass nwá, attr dwa	exceed, surpass	nâ		exceed, surpass, be greater than	ná	/na/	exceed, surpass, be greater than	na, nwa
			ĕnyà		excitement	nám	/nam/	excitement	njam
						ra	/rə/	exert influence on, have an impact on
drundronc	attr grundronc	exhaust oneself
trà	attr grà	exist	cr’ă		exist	t’á	/t’a/	exist	tʔra
sruo ndźei		expect, anticipate, wait for	sĕwĕhnyé		expect, anticipate
			trĕdrĕ		explain	thónda	/θondə/	explain	tro-
ndàc	pass handàc, attr gandàc	extinguish, put out (fire)	dígh		extingush, kill, destroy completely	dac	/təʔ/	extinguish, destroy	daq, diq
			jĕ	nyê	eye	ge	/kɛ/	eye	ge
ngòc	sgv ngè	eye(s)							geC, sgv ge
			lyíg		fabric
			qí		face	kíwom	/kʰiwɔm/	face	qi
sunc	(no pl)	face
pyó	pass hpyó, attr gibyó	face, be oriented towards; take aim at
			vŭ		fact(s)	xusang	/χʊsəŋ/	fact(s)	xu
ngunc	attr gunc	fade, wither
						co	/ʔɔ/	fail
tśèa	pl kíe	falcon
fae	attr gwae	fall	fá		fall	fai	/faɪ̯/	fall	faj
yàc-ntrae	(no pl)	fall equinox
mamaenc	pass hmamaenc, attr babaenc	fall in love with
yie	pass hie, attr tśie	fall on, crash on, hit from above
zwì	pl htúo	family, clan	hnyè	hnyè	family, clan (of human beings)
						thandim	/θəndɪm/	family, clan, tribe, ethnic group	< tim
			rég		fang(s)
						cu	/ʔʊ/	far, faraway, distant
grunc	attr gugrunc	fast (abstain from eating)	kĕzrúb		fast (abstain from eating)	khirúm	/xɪrum/	fast (abstain from eating)	kidrump
fwin	sgv fyun	fate, destiny, luck	bò		fate, destiny	pung	/pʰʊŋ/	fate, destiny	puŋ
myè	pl pyé	father, paternal uncle	bă	mâ	father, paternal uncle	bamba	/pəmbə/	father, paternal uncle	mpV
			lyí		fear, be afraid of	lú	/lu/	fear, be afraid of	lju
						langgú	/ləŋgu/	fear, fright
			xí	ĕlrí	fear, fright
pàc	sgv pyàc	feather(s), coat of feathers	p’régh		feather(s), coat of feathers	p’ac	/p’əʔ/	feathers, coat of feathers	pʔ?q
gé	(no sgv)	feces
gónc	pass hkónc, attr kyónc	feed, nourish				rūm	/rʊ̤m/	feed	CCump
roa	attr troa	feel comfortable, be at ease
heanc	attr kéanc	feel melancholic, feel nostalgic
yéa	pass syéa, attr tśéa	feel, sense	háí		feel, sense	hē	/hɛ̤/	feel, sense	heC
			ĕháí	gréya	feeling, sense, intuition	ē	/ɛ̤/	feeling, sense, intuition		perhaps different derivations
trá	sgv níc	feet
			kh’ă		female bird	calí	/ʔəli/	female bird	qʔa
gou	pl hkou	female dog, bitch
nyec	pl tśinc	female horse, mare
tsín	pl dźá	female sheep, ewe
						wam	/wəm/	fertile soil
			trúb		festival, feast	húm	/hum/	festival, feast, holiday	Crump
			gú		few
dróu	pl ndróu	field
en	pass hen, attr ken	fight	àì		fight	en	/ɛn/	fight	en
						sen	/sɛn/	fight, conflict	s-en
			hnè		fill
						thundam	/θʊndəm/	fill, load
tu	pl túo	fin (of a fish)	dŭ		fin	tu	/tʰʊ/	fin	du
hlou kyá		find intuitively
pou	pass póu, attr gwou	find, discover	báú		find	pau	/pʰaʊ̯/	find, discover, invent	baw
						kandalo	/kʰəndəlɔ/	fine
túnc	(no pl)	finger				tham	/θəm/	finger	tump
			ĕrĕtrúb		finger ring	yairum	/jaɪ̯rʊm/	finger ring	-drump
ndzei	(no sgv)	fingernail(s)	ĕzí	hnyí	fingernails	mrai	/mraɪ̯/	fingernail(s)	mdaj
			bá		fingertip	wau	/waʊ̯/	fingertip
dzac	pass htsac, attr ksac	finish, complete	xégh		finish, complete	sec	/sɛʔ/	finish, complete	Cseq
kec	sgv tśec	fire	jéd		fire	keth	/kʰɛθ/	fire	get
ngglónc	pl ngglúnc	firefly	hlyób	hnyób	firefly	ngholóm	/ŋ̊ɔlom/	firefly	hŋlomp
hinggec	(no pl)	fireplace
glà	sgv gzà	firewood	dĕt’ă		firewood	kdarokh	/kʰtərɔx/	firewood	? gdʔa
mác		first	hmèg		first (ordinal)	mhakh	/m̥əx/	first	hmak ? hmək
xie	pl hxáe	fish	grí		fish	î	/i̤/	fish(es)	ʀij
			hfă	gră	fish scales	wōyî	/wɔ̤ji̤/	fish skin, fish scales
tyéi	(no pl)	fishhook
dlíe	pl dlác	fist	dlyă		fist	sawú	/səwu/	fist
fyein		5	fàì		five	fang	/fəŋ/	five	fjaɴ, faɴ	singulative infix optional
wein		five times							əwaɴ	the vocalism is mysterious, maybe it was different in the first place
ruhrùn	pass hruhrùn, attr gruhrùn	fix, repair	hnò		fix, repair	bundum	/pʊndʊm/	fix, repair	ntum
						yammokh	/jəmmɔx/	flat grassland, meadow, pasture
srec	pl śwéc	flea	srĕbĭ		flea	sékh	/sex/	flea	srek
			ĕdá	ĕdá	fleet, group of boats (collective plural)
						k’an	/k’ən/	flesh, meat
						bik'én	/pɪk'en/	fletching (of an arrow)
			bĕhnyè	mĕhnyè	fletchings (of an arrow)
oc-ngòa	sgv moc-ngòa	flint	ghŏ	ngô	flint				ŋo
						bumac	/pʊməʔ/	flint, chert
			ĕjĕ		float	nle	/nlɛ/	float	nge
			hnè	hnè	flock of goats
			hnèhnya		flock of sheep
						thandin	/θəndɪn/	flock of sheep and/or goats	< tin
			xáb	ĕráb	flood	sám	/sam/	flood	sjamp
mei	(no sgv)	flour	màì		flour	mai	/maɪ̯/	flour	maj
ngge	attr gingge	flow (of liquids)
			ĕwíg		flow, blow	ríkh	/rix/	flow, blow (of gasses or liquids)	CCik
mou	sgv myou	flowers	mòpe		flowers	múmú	/mumu/	flowers	moɬ
vaen	pl mbaen	flute, ocarina
dao	attr ksao	fly	tá	tá	fly	srau	/sraʊ̯/	fly	sdaɬ
			dĕnrè	dĕnrè	fly (insect)	tní	/tʰn̥i/	fly	dnri
mandaoc	pl mindźinc	foal (horse offspring)	nyĕhnyèg		foal (horse offspring)	nanakh	/nənəx/	foal (horse offspring)
tléi	(no sgv)	fog, mist	hlyí	jí	fog				tɬVV
so	pass hso, attr gzo	follow, accompany	sŏ		follow				so
			zĭ		food	ti	/tʰɪ/	food	di
gonc	sgv gyunc	food; meal (event of eating)
			hnyèg		foot	nhikh	/n̥ɪx/	foot	ntik
źíc	(no sgv)	footprints, trace
hmi		for as long as
wonc		for the benefit of
ló		for, to (dative)
			hwíd		forage, be a forager	hóth	/hoθ/	forage, be a forager	h??t
xo	pass hxo, attr ko	forbid, ban, disallow, refuse, deny	gră	kă	forbid, ban	ō	/ɔ̤/	forbid, ban	ʀo
			wà		force, dynamic	wan	/wən/	force, pressure	wan
						frambau	/frəmbaʊ̯/	ford, river crossing
nggá	pl ngkwá	forest elephant
san	sgv śein	forest of coniferous trees
lenc	sgv yenc	forest of deciduous trees	lyég		forest of deciduous trees	leng	/lɛŋ/	forest of deciduous trees	leŋk
ngglóc	pass ksóc, attr klóc	forget, neglect, lose sight of
pyáo		4	pé		four	phau	/ɸaʊ̯/	four	paɬ, pjaɬ	optional singulative infix
dzùnc		four times
xan	pl hxan	fox
						kandí	/kʰəndi/	fragrant
dlu	pl ndlu	free-standing wall, fortification, barrier, fence	ĕdrŭ		free-standing wall, fortification, dike	elú	/ɛlu/	free standing wall(s), fortification(s), barrier(s)	Cdlu
						ríwau	/riwaʊ̯/	freezing cold, freezing weather
			gĭ	nyê	freshwater eel	giyî	/kɪji̤/	fresh-water eel	gi
			ĕjà		fresh-water salmon	alam	/ələm/	fresh-water salmon
			ĕdráíja		fresh-water turtle
fyao	pl fwáo	friend
			bré		friend, companion	pú	/pʰu/	friend, companion	brV
ngá	pl mfwá	frog	hngâ		frog	nganga	/ŋəŋə/	frog	ŋa
			q’íd		frost	tauk’ith	/tʰauk’ɪθ/	frost	qʔit
swec	sgv syec	frost, dew
màen	sgv myàen	fruit	màù		fruit
						bong	/pɔŋ/	fruit(s)
			cágh		fry
						kdam	/kʰtəm/	full
ohán	pl ufwán	full moon	rrĕhà		full moon	róyān	/rojə̤n/	full moon	rohan
			rrĕjé		fungus, mushroom(s), fairy ring	ralai	/rəlaɪ̯/	fungus, mushroom(s), fairy ring	rgaj
			wĭ		gale, gust
			hxí	ĕsrí	game (for playing)
						xon	/χɔn/	game (hunted animal)
yon	pl yàon	game animal, prey
						fándeth	/fandɛθ/	gang, warband, unit (of an army)	<fet
						namba	/nəmbə/	garden, yard
hóu pou nàc		gather, summon (people)	hĕcáb		gather, summon (people)
						syan	/sjən/	get up (from sitting or lying), rise
			dlŏ		get, recieve	so	/sɔ/	get, receive	ɬo
mi	pass mí, attr bi	get, receive
			fód		gill	foth	/fɔθ/	gills	fot
nonc	pl mfwónc	girl, daughter	nògh		girl	nonnong	/nɔnnɔŋ/	girl	noɴq	reduplication in MT
soc	pass hsoc, attr gzoc	give (in general)	sód		give	soth	/sɔθ/	give	sot
pòc	pass hpòc, attr gwòc	give (as a gift)	p’ód		give (as a gift), donate				pʔot
ngànc	pass kànc, attr gànc	give birth to
			q’é		give in trade, offer in trade, sell	k’au	/k’aʊ̯/	give in trade, offer in trade	qʔVV
			xé	ĕré	glacier	súyan	/sujən/	glacier
						yēcú	/jɛ̤ʔu/	glass (vitreous substances produced as byproducts of bronze smelting)
dlá	(no sgv)	glue
pí	pass hpí, attr gwí	go between	pĭ		go between, pass between, be between	phi	/ɸɪ/	go between, pass between, be between	pi
kwá	attr gugwá	go down, descend	pă		go down, descend, climb down	há	/ha/	go down, descend, climb down	? kwa kpa
nòu	attr dòu	go downstream, follow the flow	zí		go downstream, follow the current	dú	/tu/	go downstream, go downhill, take the easier course of action	dVC
			dróg		go hunting, be a hunter
lea	pass léa, attr tlea	go into, enter
kòun	attr gyòun	go nowhere in particular, move around, roam, wander
pya	pass pyá, attr gibya	go out of, exit
dzic	pass htsic, attr ksic	go through, pass through	xíb		go through, pass through	siph	/sɪɸ/	go though, pass through	sip
			sĕwŏ		go up, ascend, climb
sao	attr gzao	go upstream, go against the flow, push through	xó		go upstream, go against the current	sú	/su/	go upstream, go uphill, take the more difficult course of action	suɬ, sjuɬ
nin	pl mfwín	goat
wec	pl ufwéc	god							vec
twéc	(no sgv)	gold	zedĕheg		gold	terēkh	/tʰɛrɛ̤x/	gold	deCek
						bum	/pʊm/	good, well
			hxá	hxá	goose	hasā	/həsə̤/	goose
			rĕhxĕqáígh		govern, rule, have power over
mèi	sgv myèi	grain, seed(s)
pyè	(no pl)	grandfather	p’ă		grandfather	p’amba	/p'əmbə/	grandfather	pʔa
tà	pl twá	grandmother	t’ă		grandmother	t’anda	/t’əndə/	grandmother	tʔa
			k’íd		grandparents	k’andath	/k’əndəθ/	grandparents	kʔit
oc-pè	sgv moc-pè	granite	p’ĕ		granite	p’eyac	/p’ɛjəʔ/	granite
tsào	(no sgv)	grape(s)	c’ó		grape(s), wine	thau	/θaʊ̯/	grape vine(s), vineyard	tsʔaw
						t’auwong	/t’aʊ̯wɔŋ/	grapes	tʔaw-
zèi	(no sgv)	grass	cé	hnyè	grass	sandai	/səndaɪ̯/	grass	Ctaj
hli-zèi	pl fwá-zèi	grass snake	ĕcé		grass snake	soléndai	/sɔlendaɪ̯/	grass snake
mbze	pl mpse	grasshopper	ĕbrí		grasshopper	máse	/masɛ/	grasshopper	???
dudźoc	pl ndudźoc	grate, grill
			ràìya		grave
ròc	sgv yèac	gravel
ngùnc	sgv ngìnc	grease, fat	ngè	ngèd	grease, fat	cón	/ʔon/	grease, fat	ŋont	suppletivism in RTJ
bźec	pass hpśec, attr gibźec	greet, welcome
yinyèanc	pass hinyèanc, attr tśinyèanc	grieve, mourn
			dlŏ		grime, filth, muck, garbage, human feces	lalo	/ləlɔ/	grime, filth, muck
			dĕdì		groan, grumble, mumble
kwé	sgv kyé	ground, floor				hé	/he/	ground, floor
źec	(no sgv)	group	ĕzĭ		group, organization, society	nandi	/nəndɪ/	group
						pándan	/pʰandən/	group of children, all the children, ones children		infixation
			ghŏ		grove of ash trees	holath	/hɔləθ/	grove of ash trees	ɢo
			brĭ		grove of beech trees	pílath	/pʰiləθ/	grove of beech trees	bri
			lyéd		grove of deciduous trees
			hsóg	hsóg	grove of pine trees
			hlyŭ	dlyŭ	grove of poplars	folú	/fɔlu/	grove of poplars	folju
			hngê	ĕghĕ	grove of rowans	gangge	/kəŋgɛ/	grove of rowans	kaŋke
			sĕrĕjĕ		grove of willows
pì	attr gwì	grow	p’ĭ		grow	p’i	/p’ɪ/	grow	pʔi
			ĕp’ĭ		grow up, become an adult	mbi	/mbɪ/	grow up, become an adult	mpʔi
						wā	/wə̤/	guard, protect, nurture, raise (dependent)
prei	pass hprei, attr gibrei	guess	p’ĕdráí		guess
tsíe	pl htsíe	guest, visitor
			srĕ		guts	xa	/χə/	guts, innards	χe
			ĕhlrĕ		gypsum	asca	/əsʔə/	gypsum
			tr’íg		hail	k’íkh	/k’ix/	hail	kʔik
gein	sgv gyein	hail (weather)
						ya	/jə/	hail! goodbye!	ja
			yă		hail, greet, say goodbye	ya	/jə/	hail, greet, say goodbye	ja
tsyú	sgv tsóu	hair	cú		hair				dju
póu	pl mbóu	hammer	páú		hammer	phau	/ɸaʊ̯/	hammer	pau
myù	pl myùc	hand	bú	mò	hand	bú	/pu/	hand	buɬ	infixation in RT
dagàc	pl ndagàc	handle (for carrying)
tśèin	attr gźèin	hang, be suspended
fyec	attr givyec	happen, occur				fáth	/faθ/	happen, occur	fat
			grágh		happiness	yaŋ	/jəŋ/	happiness	ʀaɴq
						ma	/mə/	hard
			hsó	dlád	harvest	sayî	/səji̤/	harvest
			sĕgró		harvest	sî	/si̤/	harvest
ntrae	(no sgv)	harvest season
syéi	(no attr)	has been done already
			sĕzríb		hate, hatred	saríph	/səɾiɸ/	hate	sadrip
ngunggóa	pass hngunggóa, attr gunggóa	hate
bwác fwi		have a fever	bĕprĕhfĭ		have a fever
			bĭ		have achieved mastery, be a master	bi	/pɪ/	have reached mastery (of a craft or art), be a master	bi
rèn	pass hrèn, attr krèn	have sex with	ĕràì		have sex with (vulgar)	yen	/jɛn/	have sex with	Cren
tác	pass htác, attr glác	have, hold, own, possess
			q’ă		hawk	k’alí	/k’əli/	hawk	qʔa
			pàù		head	phom	/ɸɔm/	head	pom
ngglì	(no pl)	head
mbóun	pl numbóun	headgear, hat	p’àù		headgear, hat	p’om	/p’ɔm/	hat, headgear	pʔom	derivation from head
kwàe	sgv kyàe	heap, batch, amount (of sth.)
wuc	pass huc, attr kuc	hear, listen	úb		hear	uph	/ʊɸ/	hear	wup
			grób		hearing
túc	(no pl)	heart	túb		heart	thuph	/θʊɸ/	heart	tup
hká	(no pl)	hearth	khă		hearth, firepit
						ngêleth	/ŋe̤lɛθ/	hearth, firepit
			ĕdrú		heir
			úgh		help, assist	ung	/ʊŋ/	help, assist	uɴq
			mògh		help, assistance	ung	/ʊŋ/	help, assistance	muɴq
			ĕrĕwég		henge, circular earthwork
			fĕ		herd	fe	/fɛ/	herd	fe
tòc wa		herd (animals), watch over (children)
zèc	(no sgv)	herd (of animals)
			ĕnràìtau		herd of (domestic) cattle (collective plural)
						randang	/rəndəŋ/	herd of cows, herd of cattle	raŋ	infixation
						nandin	/nəndɪn/	herd of goats	nin	infixation
twinc		here	dríd		here (near the speaker)	tín	/tʰin/	here	dRint
ngé	pl mfwé	heron	hnyê		heron	nghelí	/ŋ̊ɛli/	heron	hŋe
hec	pass héc, attr kéc	hew (with an axe)	hág		hew (with an axe)	hakh	/həx/	hew (with an ax)	hak
śea	pass hśea, attr gźea	hide				sá	/sa/	hide	sja
			rrà		high tide
						p’un	/p’ʊn/	high, tall
ndrún	pl ntrún	hill fort
ngò	sgv nyò	hills	ghŭ	ngô	hills	cuk’a	/ʔʊk’ə/	hills	ɢu
						kang	/kʰəŋ/	hinder, block
myèi	pass pyèi, attr byèi	hint, suggest	bé		hint, suggest	bí	/pi/	hint, suggest	? bij
nggóu	sgv tśù	hips	k’ŭ		hip	cusú	/ʔʊsu/	hip	kʔu
atáonc	(no sgv)	history
kèa	pass hkèa, attr gyèa	hit, strike	kh’ĕ		hit	k’e	/k’ɛ/	hit	kʔe
			moc’éb		hive
lóc	pass hlóc, attr tlóc	hold, cling to
			mê		hold, grip, catch	mi	/mɪ/	hold, grasp, catch	mE
kóa	pl nggóa	hole, opening	káú		hole	hō	/hɔ̤/	hole(s)	koX
						kli	/kʰlɪ/	hollow
ridźí	pass hridźí, attr gridźí	hollow out
						ru	/rʊ/	holy, sacred
						gê	/ke̤/	home, shelter
						kbán	/kʰpan/	homeland
rèi-rae	sgv yèi-rae	honey
			hxég	hxég	horde, throng, swarm	tusakh	/tʰʊsəx/	horde, throng, any large, disorganized group	tusek
myào	pl pyáo	horn (of an animal)	bó	mò	horn (of an animal)	bau	/paʊ̯/	horn (of an animal)	? baw, bmaw, mbaw	infixation in RT
						turim	/tʰʊrɪm/	hostile tribe or village, enemy nation
						khau	/xaʊ̯/	hot, warm
						báth	/paθ/	house, building
			ĕtò	ĕdò	house, home
						tuya	/tʰʊjə/	human feces
						túwom	/tʰuwɔm/	human head hair
			gĕtr’óg		hunt	gak’ókh	/kək’ox/	hunt	gakʔrok	prefix ga-
						gókh	/kox/	hunt, go hunting, be a hunter	grok
nròc	pl hnròc	hunter	ĕdróg		hunter	ínggókh	/iŋgox/	hunter, predatory animal	-ŋgrok
			grág	kág	hurt, wound, injure, harm	āng	/ə̤ŋ/	hurt, wound, injure, harm	ʀaŋk
						kírû	/kʰirṳ/	husband
ne		I	nyâ	hnyè	I, me, my	na	/nə/	I, me	? na nə ne
yein	sgv myein	ice	yà		ice	yan	/jən/	ice	jan
			zé		idea, notion, purpose	tī	/tʰɪ̤/	idea(s), notion(s), purpose(s)	dEX
xiec	pl niec	idea, concept, notion, purpose
mao		if	hmo		if				hmaw
			rrĕfĭ		ignite
			gró		illness, disease
gyáe	pass hkyáe, attr gigyáe	imagine				gyai	/kjaɪ̯/	imagine	gjaj
blei	pass hpsei, attr giblei	imitate	bĕzí		imitate				bdej
			hĕcră		improve, make perfect	hla	/hlə/	improve, make perfect
rao		in order to, with the goal of
hkwì		in the manner of, in such a way that
gao		in the middle of
hihtsea		in the unlikely event that
ngoun		in, inside
			bĕp’o		inanimate relativizer
						nithdau	/nɪθtaʊ̯/	incisor, front tooth
dou	pass htou, attr ksou	indicate, be evidence for
						mak’íkh	/mək’ix/	individual crystal, piece of crystal
						sambá	/səmba/	individual plant
						mac	/məʔ/	individual rock, piece of stone, stone block
						kdá	/kʰta/	industrious, diligent, hardworking
						bombo	/pɔmbɔ/	infant, baby
			p’ríd		influence	p’íth	/p’iθ/	influence	pʔrit
			rră		influence, have an impact on
zandźa	pl dandźa	inhabitant
			jú	dlyú	inhabitant (of a settlement), citizen (of a polity), subject (of a ruler)
			dú		inherit
xanc	pass hxanc, attr kanc	injure, harm
			c’éb		insects, bugs, swarm of insects (collective plural)
yì		instead of, in contrast to, rather than
			ré		intend	ú	/u/	intend
			sré		intention, plan	súrī	/surɪ̤/	intention(s), plan(s)	sVrEX
tei twè		interrupt sb. (through speaking)
			ĕcrĕ		intestine, rectum	yale	/jəlɛ/	intestine, rectum
xéa	(no sgv)	intuition
hóu dźi syu		invite
trou	pl ndrou	island	zráú		island	tiyau	/tʰɪjaʊ̯/	island(s)	draw ~ diraw
dźéc	(no attr)	it is desired; may...!
tyein	attr tśein	it is necessary
táo	(no attr)	it is planned; it has been decided; shall; will
dlò	(no attr)	it is possible
tráe	(no attr)	it is preferable; would rather
dyá	(no attr)	it is required; should
			q’è		itch, irritate	k’in	/k’ɪn/	itch	qʔin
bóc	attr kwóc	itch
			hmàgh	hmàgh	jadeite
kyèi	pl kì	jar, bowl
			rrĭ		jaw	ri	/rɪ/	jaw	ri
hinc	pl fwinc	jaw, chin
grec	sgv ksec	jewellery	rrĕgĕtr’íg		jewel	iyak’íkh	/ɪjək’ix/	jewel	rigakʔrik
			kè		job, occupation, role, habit, project, work
						fundau	/fʊndaʊ̯/	join, be with, bring (a person)
			tá		join, participate, partake in
zènc	attr dzènc	joke, be playful
			jéd		judge, conclude, decide	ken	/kʰɛn/	judge, conclude, decide	gent
			ĕjéd	ĕxéd	judgement, decision				mgent
rèi	sgv yèi	juice, sap
tswi	attr gudzwi	jump, leap	bí		jump, leap	pí	/pʰi/	jump, leap	Cbwi ?
			sĕdríd		justice	salíth	/səliθ/	justice, law enforcement	saCCit (sagrit?)
pyec	attr gibyec	keep happening; continue
fe	pass hfe, attr gwe	keep, raise (domesticated animals)
			dlágh		keep, retain, hold onto	sac	/səʔ/	keep, retain, hold onto	ɬaq
gyóc	pass hkyóc, attr gigyóc	kick	ghúgh		kick	huc	/hʊʔ/	kick	ɢuq
			nyĕhnyè		kid (goat offspring)	ninanin	/nɪnənɪn/	kid (goat offspring)
			wód		kidneys	woth	/wɔθ/	kidney	wot
móc	pass fwóc, attr bóc	kill
						rama	/rəmə/	kill
						xwi	/χwɪ/	kindle, ignite, burn
			rrĕjí		king, ruler	rólí	/roli/	king, ruler, chieftain	roCCi (rorgi?)
pàc	pass hpàc, attr gwàc	kiss	p’ád		kiss	p’ath	/p’əθ/	kiss	pʔat
			nyèd		kitten	neth	/nɛθ/	kitten	net
			mò		knead	mú	/mu/	knead	moɬ
dyóu	pl tyóc	knee	cí		knee				Ctiw ?
						at'í	/ət'i/	knee, knee cap	-tʔiw ?
			cĕ		kneel	the	/θɛ/	kneel	te
dyòun	attr gidyòun	kneel, squat, crouch				dyâu	/tja̤ʊ̯/	kneel, squat, crouch
htsao	pl ntsao	knife	ĕcó		knife	frau	/fraʊ̯/	knife
ri	pl ndri	knot	rrĭ		knot
						thóya	/θojə/	knot
						ndai	/ndaɪ̯/	know (a person), be acquainted with
tùc	pass htùc, attr glùc	know (how to do sth.)	t’úg		know (facts, how to do something)	t’ukh	/t’ʊx/	know (facts, how to do something)	tʔuk
ndźei	pass hindźei, attr gindźei	know, be acquainted with	hnyé		know, be acquainted with
pyù	pl hpyù	knuckle, wrist, joint	ĕpú		knuckle	ap'ú	/əp'u/	knuckle, knuckle bone	apʔu
			rrĕ		lack, miss, be without	re	/rɛ/	lack, miss, be without	re
						ekhsa	/ɛxsə/	lacquer, glue
zuo	sgv zwea	ladder	hsĕwĕ	hsrè	ladder	saswo	/səswɔ/	ladder
			rrĕhnòg		lagoon, estuary
yaon	pl yáon	lake	àù		lake, inland sea	am	/əm/	lake	am
mindzín	pl mandźá	lamb (sheep offspring)	zĕc’è		lamb	tat’in	/tʰət’ɪn/	lamb (sheep offspring)	detʔin
tou	sgv tsou	land	dáú		land, ground, property, territory	tauyê	/tʰaʊ̯je̤/	land	daw
fwae	sgv fyae	landslide	hfá	fá	landslide, avalanche
ronc	pl raonc	language				rom	/rɔm/	language	romp
			ĕhlrĕ		laquer, glue
omàc	(no sgv)	large village, town
kòa		last, final				co	/ʔɔ/	last	go
hlun	(no sgv)	late winter / early spring	srò	ĕlrò	late winter / early spring
						sawum	/səwʊm/	late winter/early spring
			lá		laugh	lau	/laʊ̯/	laugh
beanc	attr kweanc	laugh
						kakh	/kʰəx/	lead, govern, rule, control
ksèc	attr gigzèc	lead, guide
			sú		lead, guide, be a leader	sí	/si/	lead, guide, be a leader	swi
			ĕsrú		leader, guide	ísí	/isi/	leader, guide	Vswi
myae	pl mfwáe	leader, guide, scout
ndzáo	pass handzáo, attr gandzáo	learn (mental knowledge)
lec	pass léc, attr tlec	learn (practical skills)
zúc kòun fae fae		learn how to walk (of children)
dźao	(no sgv)	leaves	hxé	dĕré	leaves	dsau	/tsaʊ̯/	leaves	djsaw
			tréb		left (direction)	thaphyâi	/θəɸja̤ɪ̯/	left side, the left (direction)	tremp ~ tramp
zrein	sgv źein	leftovers	hsàì	ĕsràì	leftovers
						saleng	/səlɛŋ/	leftovers, remains
śic	pl kwóu	leg
						undí	/ʊndi/	legend, story
kò soc		lend	k’ĕsód		lend				kʔo sot
gyè lin		lie down
lin	attr tlin	lie, recline	lyè		lie down, recline	lin	/lɪn/	lie, recline	lin
kòu	pass hkòu, attr gyòu	lie to, deceive
						suyang	/sʊjəŋ/	lie(s)
			gré		lie, falsehood
			gĕgré		lie, tell a lie to	klú	/kʰlu/	lie, tell a lie to
wàe	sgv yàe	life	ĕgràù		life	ūn	/ʊ̤n/	life
śun	(no sgv)	light	wí	ĕlrè	light
						nggim	/ŋgɪm/	light, shine, glow, rays
hra-tra	(no sgv)	lightning	zrá		lightning	tâ	/tʰa̤/	lightning, lightning bolt(s)	draX
			bè		like	ping	/pʰɪŋ/	like	biŋ
maenc	pass máenc, attr baenc	like, consider attractive
mblóc	sgv mbléac	lily (type of flower)	hlyóg	hnyóg	lily (flower)	mholókh	/m̥ɔlox/	lilies (type of flower)	mpoCCok
			lyă		limestone	lak’im	/lək’ɪm/	limestone
grèa	attr gigrèa	limp	k’àc’ĕdĕra		limp
			tú	ĕdrú	line of succession, heirs	sandí	/səndi/	line of succession, heirs
blóun	pl psóun	lion	p’àù	hlyàù	lion	p’olóm	/p’ɔlom/	lion	pʔ-om	various infixations
manc	sgv moun	lips	mà		lip	mamúth	/məmuθ/	lip		ma-
			srè		liquid	swam	/swəm/	liquid, fluid	sRVm
			ghó		listen	hí	/hi/	listen	ɢiC
			gràù	kàù	live	ūn	/ʊ̤n/	live	ʀVn
tlec	pl tlíec	liver	jég	dlyég	liver	hákh	/hax/	liver	gVk
rúoc	(no sgv)	livestock, domesticated animals
raonc	pl hrunc	lizard	zră		lizard
						sásá	/sasa/	lizard
zò soc dzùn		load, fill
			yà		loam (fertile soil)
dinyù	pl ndinyù	lock
						p’an	/p’ən/	long
myen	attr byen	look
			dĕréd	gĕzréd	look foreward to, be excited for
						táth	/tʰaθ/	look forward to, be excited for
						mén	/men/	look, look around
			kó		loom	huyîkh	/hʊji̤x/	loom
sie	pl ndzie	loop, noose, lug
			dlyĕzrŭ		loosen, untie	sirú	/sɪru/	loosen, untie	ɬidru
htroa	attr gò	lose, fail; very (when used in a SVC with a negative quality verb)
			wé		lose, misplace	wí	/wi/	lose, misplace	wEC
śie	(no sgv)	louse	xă	ĕră	louse	siya	/sɪjə/	louse	sja
bwín	pass hpwín, attr gubwín	love, be fond of	bĕpè		love	pwing	/pʰwɪŋ/	love
			pè	ĕpè	love	safwing	/səfwɪŋ/	love
léac	(no pl)	lover, sex partner
			ĕrà		low tide
			xíg		lower leg
						bsauyān	/psaʊ̯jə̤n/	lunar eclipse
hoa	sgv yóa	lungs	hó		lungs	hū	/hʊ̤/	lungs	huX
			gà		mace, scepter, weapon
			nèd		magic
						narékh	/nərex/	magic
ndlíc	(no sgv)	magical herbs
hngà	pl hkíe	magpie	jă	nyâ	magpie	galí	/kəli/	magpie
			p’áí		majority	p’aisani	/p’aɪ̯sənɪ/	majority	pʔaj
beanc nu		make fun of
zènc móc		make sb. laugh
			drĕ		make, create	t’únda	/t’undə/	make, create
						úlí	/uli/	male bird
			é		male bird
kác	pl kwác	male dog, hound	tréd		male dog	khath	/xəθ/	male dog	ket, kat
			rrú		male fox	ríyān	/rijə̤n/	male fox
						sóri	/sorɪ/	male genitalia (collectively), testicles and scrotum
tun	pl túon	male goat, buck
taoc	pl tśinc	male horse, stallion
tśe	pl kíe	male sheep, ram
			ĕrĕzrŭ		malign spirit, witch
tao	pl mwì	man	có	hxó	man, adult male human	tû	/tʰṳ/	man, adult male human	duX
kwì	sgv kì	manner, method, way	p’ĭ		manner, method, way	cí	/ʔi/	manner, method, way	CCi
ni		many				ni	/nɪ/	many
			nyèg		mare	nakh	/nəx/	mare (female horse; less marked)	nek
ndrác	pl nandrác	mark, symbol
swín	(no pl)	marriage	hsrè	ĕhwím	marriage, wedding	sayîm	/səji̤m/	marriage	sCCim
			gód		married couple	hoth	/hɔθ/	married couple	got
wín	pass fwín, attr kwín	marry	hwè		marry	hím	/him/	marry	hwim
			hnòg		marsh	nhungéng	/nhʊŋeŋ/	marsh
źao	(no sgv)	marshland, bog
rigéi	(no pl)	mask	rrĕkí		mask, veil	rwilí	/rwɪli/	mask	? riwgij
ndà móc		massacre, kill brutally (multiple victims)
						kdac	/kʰtəʔ/	massive, heavy
nòn	pass tòn, attr dòn	match, be equal to	nàù		match, be identical to, be the same	don	/tɔn/	match, be the same as	don
soc	sgv śoc	material, constituent, ingredient
mbyè	pl mpyè	maternal uncle	bĕbă		maternal uncle	pwa	/pʰwə/	maternal uncle	bVbV
mbèc		maybe, possibly	bĕp’ég		maybe	bap’ekh	/pəp’ɛx/	maybe	bapʔek
			yàì		meadow, pasture
			khúb	ĕkhúb	meal	sacum	/səʔʊm/	meal(s)	qump
śi	pl ndźi	meal, portion (of edible things)
kànc	sgv tśànc	meat, flesh, muscle	tr’éd	ŋàì	meat, flesh, muscle				kʔənt
syu	pass syú, attr tśa	meet	hí		meet	hú	/hu/	meet	sju
udlúnc	(no pl)	meeting of villages
ruoc	(no pl)	megalith
			ĕgĕká		megalithic structure marking an astronomical alignment
fun	attr gun	melt	dlò		melt	fúm	/fum/	melt	fCum
			gàhno		mend (of cloth)
			éwĕdre		menstrual blood	âingga	/a̤ɪ̯ŋɡə/	menstrual blood
			drĕ	ngê	menstrual period	gayān	/kəjə̤n/	menstrual period	gə
be	sgv bye	message, news, facts, information	hmê		news, message	same	/səmɛ/	news, message(s)	sme
			hmí	nrí	metal	mbí	/mbi/	metal	mpCi
			háí		midday				haj
púo	(no sgv)	midday, noon							puH
						phúyâi	/ɸuja̤ɪ̯/	midday, noon	puH + haj
			gáúdlo		midden, waste collection area
						duya	/tʊjə/	midden, waste dump
gro	(no sgv)	midden, waste heap
kao		middle, intermediate				kú	/kʰu/	middle	gVV
nga	(no sgv)	milk	ngâ		milk	nga	/ŋə/	milk	ŋa
li hmi ... hka		milk (animals)
hxaenc	sgv hśinc	mind, thoughts	qíg	hxíg	mind, thoughts	hling	/hlɪŋ/	mind, thoughts	qCiŋk (? qʀiŋk)
			ghí		minority	kísani	/kʰisənɪ/	minority	ɢiH
						dsí	/tsi/	mist, fog bank
			grĕrég	dlĕrég	mistress, prostitute	húyakh	/hujəx/	mistress, lover	ʀurek
			p’íb		mite	p’iph	/p’ɪɸ/	mite	pʔip
						nithtam	/nɪθtʰəm/	molar, back tooth
			dlyĭ		mold (from clay)
						t’um	/t’ʊm/	monkey
			gàweg		monumental earthwork
han	(no pl)	moon	hà		moon	han	/hən/	moon	han
hlán	sgv hlíen	moonflower				holán	/hɔlan/	moonflower(s) (night-blooming flower types)	hodlan
emàn	(no sgv)	morning	lyàìma		morning	lámman	/lammən/	morning	-man
			hlrĕ	dlrĕ	mortar (construction material)	wlanú	/wlənu/	mortar (construction material)
			kág		mortar (grinding tool)	hakh	/həx/	mortar (tool for grinding)	kak
ngì-tóun	(no pl)	mortar, grinding bowl
xaon	pl hxín	mosquito
			ĕcr'è		mosquito
						īndaní	/ɪ̤ndəni/	mosquito(es)
kyú	(no sgv)	moss
nà	pl twá	mother, maternal aunt	dă	nâ	mother, maternal aunt	danda	/təndə/	mother, maternal aunt	da
kè	sgv kyè	mountain range	k’ĭ		mountain range	p’ungk’a	/p’ʊŋk’ə/	mountain range, mountain(s)	kʔi
he	pl fwé	mouse, rat				he	/hɛ/	mouse, rat	he
ruc	pl hruc	mouth, throat	rrúd		mouth	ruth	/rʊθ/	mouth	rut
			cég		move around, wander, go nowhere in particular	thekh	/θɛx/	move around, wander	tek
ndźi		much, a lot, a large amount of
yóu	sgv láo	mud	dlyó		mud	súmam	/suməm/	mud
						nhúyac	/n̥ujəʔ/	mudbrick
			rrĕmâ		murder
dźei	(no sgv)	mushrooms
sin	sgv śin	music	xè	ĕrè	music	sayen	/səjɛn/	music	sen, sin
			qígh	qígh	musical instrument
yàe-sin	pl nyàe-sin	musical instrument
						flic	/flɪʔ/	musical instrument (general category)
zinggéc	pl dinggéc	musician								the relation ship with 'sin' is interesting
ló	attr tló	must, should
			Grĕpàì		mythical homeland
nànc	pl twánc	name	nà	nàd	name				nant
						dandai	/təndaɪ̯/	name(s)
			nyè		nannygoat	nin	/nɪn/	nannygoat (female goat; less marked)	nin
						din	/tɪn/	nation, tribal confederation
			hó		navigate, pilot a boat or raft
tśec		near, alongside; with, containing
téc		near, around
						su	/sʊ/	near, nearby, close, neighboring
			cĭ		neck	tiwom	/tʰɪwɔm/	neck	ti
yec	pl ifwéc	neck
dzí	pl ndzí	necklace				yairi	/jaɪ̯rɪ/	necklace
			ĕrĕcrĭ		necklace, torc
ka	pass ká, attr gya	need, lack, miss
			qĕhsrù		neighbor, trading partner
dòc		neither, none (of a few)	tód		neither	stoth	/stɔθ/	neither	sdot
mbèin	pl nimbèin	nest (of birds or other animals)				mbang	/mbəŋ/	nest (of birds)	mbeŋ
ngàoc	sgv tśòa	network of caves	k’áú		network of caves
ndán	pl pyán	new moon	hnà	nĕhnà	new moon	banan	/pənən/	new moon
						lán	/lan/	new, young
			rréb		newt	rendá	/rɛnda/	newt	re-
yen		next, subsequent				yan	/jən/	next	jen
			gĕdrúgh		nickname
śenc	(no sgv)	night	xég	ĕrég	night	sangngom	/səŋŋɔm/	night	seŋk
ngec	sgv nyec	nipples	ngàd		nipples	ngath	/ŋəθ/	nipple	ŋat
			lád		nit(s) (eggs of louse or similar)
						wathsiya	/wəθsɪjə/	nit(s) (louse eggs)
se		no, none (of many)	xe		no, not (negative particle)	se	/sɛ/	no, none	se
			úbreg		noblewoman, clan matriarch
			kh’ŭ		noise	culing	/ʔʊlɪŋ/	noise	qʔu
			nè		nomad
			cĕ		none of the three	tre	/tʰrɛ/	none of the three	tre
						phú	/ɸu/	north
ngan	pl mfwán	nose	ngàì		nose	ngan	/ŋən/	nose	ŋən
pec	attr gwec	not, be not				pekh	/pʰɛx/	not, be not	bek
nó	pl ndó	notch, indentation	hnô		notch, nock (of an arrow)	nonggín	/nɔŋgin/	notch, nock (of an arrow)	sno
			hnyè		notice, take note of	ngangú	/ŋəŋu/	notice, take note, note
htsí		now				hri	/hrɪ/	now	hti
bwìc	pass hpwìc, attr gubwìc	nudge, urge, insist
mú	sgv myú	nuts				mhuwong	/m̥ʊwɔŋ/	nut(s)	?hmu mhu
						phén	/ɸen/	oak tree	pjent	could it be from pjint instead?
pínc	sgv pyénc	oak forest	píd		oak woodland	phin	/ɸɪn/	oak woodland	pint
gáo	pl góc	oar, paddle	ĕkó		oar	elû	/ɛlṳ/	oar	CguX
ndúc	pass hundúc, attr gundúc	obey, be ruled by
yàec	sgv yìec	obsidian	ĕgrágh		obsidian
						khin	/xɪn/	occupation, role	kin(t)
			nò		ocean	dum	/tʊm/	ocean
yu		of, belonging to, associated with
réc	pass hréc, attr tréc	offend, insult, humiliate	críb		offend, insult	thíph	/θiɸ/	offend, insult	trip
			sĕzríb		offense, insult	saríph	/səɾiɸ/	offense(s), insult(s)	sadrip < satrip
kào	pass hkào, attr gyào	offer, sell, trade away
						a	/ə/	oh! (vocative particle)
			ya		oh! (vocative particle), hail!
						um	/ʊm/	old
ho	pl fwó	omen, portent, prophecy	vŏ		omen, portents	xo	/χɔ/	omen(s), portent(s)	xo
poun		on top of, above
xònc		on, next to, touching
mìc		once							bik
pìc		1	p’íg		one	p’ikh	/p’ɪx/	one	pʔik
ko		only, merely, barely, just, simply	ghŭ		only, merely, just, simply	hu	/hʊ/	only, merely, barely, just, simply	ɢu
						cundung	/ʔʊndʊŋ/	open
e		or	e		or	e	/ɛ/	or	e
ro		or
						samô	/səmo̤/	order(s), command(s), instruction(s)	sahmoʀ
myóa	pass fyóa, attr byóa	order, command, instruct	hmàù		order, command, instruct	mhô	/m̥o̤/	order, command, instruct	hmoʀ, hmjoʀ
			hmàù		orders, commands, instructions				hmoʀ
pienc	(no pl)	orphan	bád	dlyád	orphan	púyan	/pʰujən/	orphan	b?ant
wèi		outside of; without
dźoc	pl ndźoc	oven	yód		oven	yoth	/jɔθ/	oven	jot
			pŏ		overlook, offer a view of	phó	/ɸo/	overlook, offer a view of	po
wùo soc		owe	wĕsód		owe				wVV sot
ntú	(no pl)	owl	tŭ		owl species	thulí	/θʊli/	owl species	-tu-
			nyàb		owl species	ngaphkí	/ŋəɸkʰi/	owl species
			nyèb		own, possess	nem	/nɛm/	own, possess
			q’á		pain	k’ā	/k’ə̤/	pain	qʔaʀ
tàe	pass htàe, attr glàe	paint, color, dye	t’ó		paint, color, dye	t’í	/t’i/	paint, color, dye	tʔVV
			ĕdró		painting, mural, man-made image, art	sandí	/səndi/	painting(s), mural(s), man made art
gwoc	sgv gwa	pair of shoes
			ĕwĕbád		palace, majesting house, dwelling of king/chieftain	rómbáth	/rombaθ/	palace, majesting house, dwelling of king/chieftain	-baHt
						támbú	/tʰambu/	palm of the hand
fo	pl mbo	pan	fŏ		pan	fo	/fɔ/	pan	fo
nóc	sgv nyóc	pants, trousers	hnòd		pants, trousers	nhothngú	/n̥ɔθŋu/	pants, trousers, lower body clothing	hnot
ngèc	sgv ngì	parents	gĭ	ngê	parent, same-sex parental sibling	gandath	/kəndəθ/	parents, same-sex parental siblings	gVt
			p’ó		part, component	cí	/ʔi/	part, component	pʔVV
hrào	pass hahrào, attr dào	participate, join
tlúnc	pl ndlúnc	party, celebration, social gathering
ngunc ma kànc		pass (of a year or other long period)
fou	attr gwou	pass, move on, go forward	fáú		pass, move on, move toward	fau	/faʊ̯/	pass, move on, go forward	faw
			srĭ	ĕwĭ	patch of vetches
tlu	pl tlúo	paternal aunt	drŭ	dlŭ	paternal aunt	ramba	/rəmbə/	paternal aunt
fwoc	pl mboc	path, route, road	dláb		path, trail, route	fáph	/faɸ/	path, trail	fɬap
xèanc	(no sgv)	peace, prosperity
						sīláth	/sɪ̤laθ/	pear tree	sjrJaC
zrà	sgv źà	pear trees	sráí		pear trees	sālath	/sə̤ləθ/	pear orchard, grove of pear trees	sraC
ná	sgv nyá	pear(s)	hnàì		pear(s)	nhāwong	/n̥ə̤wɔŋ/	pear(s)	hnaʀ
pi	(no sgv)	peas	bĭ		peas	maiwi	/maɪ̯wɪ/	peas	bi
tsao bwìn		peel
ngkùc	(no pl)	penis
						bwin	/pwɪn/	penis
			tè	tè	people, ethnic group (irregular collective plural)
nào	pass tsào, attr dzào	perform (a ceremony)
			nè		perry (alcohol made from pears)	nāwe	/nə̤wɛ/	perry (alcohol made from pears)	nəʀ
tsyún	pl twín	person	cè		person, individual	thim	/θɪm/	person, individual	tim
po-tóun	(no pl)	pestle	tí		pestle	thíyac	/θijəʔ/	pestle
tsìc	sgv tsèc	petals	c’íd		petal(s)	t’ith	/t’ɪθ/	petals, blossoms	tʔit
						ngôth	/ŋo̤θ/	pick (of berries, fruits)
						dāph	/tə̤ɸ/	pick, select, take
						masca	/məsʔə/	piece of gypsum
sri	pass hsri, attr gri	pierce, stab	srĭ		pierce	sí	/si/	pierce	sri
			hlríg	hlríg	piglet	xoxoléng	/χɔχɔleŋ/	piglet	-liŋk
drác	pass htrác, attr krác	pillage, sack
						hú	/hu/	pilot, navigate (a canoe or raft)
						tasokh	/tʰəsɔx/	pine forest, pine trees
dzoc	sgv dźoc	pine trees				tásokh	/tʰasɔx/	pine tree	dJasok
						Halsa	/Həlsə/	place of spiritual punishment, hell
			gàù		place, area, region	hong	/hɔŋ/	place, area, region	goŋ
śou	pl ndźou	place, location, area
roun	sgv youn	plain, lowlands	rrà		plain (geographic)	randau	/rəndaʊ̯/	plain (geographical)	ran~ram
			ĕcrĕbĭ		planet (astronomical)
tréc	pl htréc	planet, wandering star
			pĭ	hmê	plants, crops, vegetation
śo	pl ndźo	platform, terrace, shelf
kéc	attr gyéc	play (music)	qígh		play (of music)	khic	/xɪʔ/	play (music)	kiq
			zí		play with	tí	/tʰi/	play with; dance	dij
nyoun	attr dźoun	play, enjoy oneself, have fun
reanc	pass hreanc, attr kreanc	please, make sb. happy
myein	pass myéin, attr byein	plot, conspire
			màì		plot, conspire, scheme	méng	/meŋ/	plot, conspire, scheme	meŋ
dza li		plow	tă	tă	plow	tra	/tʰrə/	plow, till
			gră		point, tip
			drŏ		poison	tó	/tʰo/	poison	dro
wínc	pl nwínc	pond
hlú	sgv fyú	poplar trees	súg		pool, pond	sung	/sʊŋ/	pool, pond	suŋk
						fólú	/folu/	poplar tree
tró	pl ndró	pot, cauldron	trŏ		pot				tro
						khó	/xo/	pot, ceramic vessel
fyao	pass hfyao, attr givyao	pour (of liquids), strew (of granular masses)
			fé		pour (of liquids), strew (of granular solids)
						fau	/faʊ̯/	pour, strew
			tr’è	nè	powder	t’ím	/t’im/	powder	tʔim
			rră		power, influence, capacity	ra	/rə/	power, influence, capacity	ra
yic	pass hic, attr tśic	praise, worship	íb		praise	iph	/ɪɸ/	praise	ip
			há		pray
myei	pass myéi, attr byei	pray to	mì		pray to	mai	/maɪ̯/	pray to	? maj
						manggai	/məŋgaɪ̯/	pray, meditate		infixation
zudźòa	(no pl)	prayer cave
pyo	pass pyó, attr gibyo	predict
			ngà		prepare (oneself) properly, get ready
drá	pass htrá, attr krá	press, poke
ya		previous, preceding				ya	/jə/	previous, one before	ja
			vàù		prey, game animal
vòc	sgv vyòc	price, value
						handaŋ	/həndəŋ/	pride of cats
			hnàì	hnàì	pride of cats (collective plural)
trùc	pl htrùc	priest, shaman	ĕtr’úg		priest(ess), sage, holy person				Ctrʔuk ~ Vtrʔuk
			ĕcráú	ĕcráú	prisoner, hostage	írau	/iraʊ̯/	prisoner, captive, hostage, slave	? idraw
						kambikh	/kʰəmbɪx/	private, personal
						lang	/ləŋ/	problem
			grĕjàì	ĕhyàì	problem
tei ndè		promise	dĕq’àì		promise
udzéin	pl nudzéin	promise, oath, pledge	rrĕcàì		promise, oath, pledge, contract	rórang	/rorəŋ/	promise(s), oath(s), pledge(s)
			hnò		proof, evidence
wa	pass wá, attr kwa	protect, guard	ĕráí		protect, guard
			càì	gĕhxàì	prove	tān	/tʰə̤n/	prove
li	pass lí, attr tli	pull	lyĭ		pull, milk (an animal)	li	/lɪ/	pull	li
húoc bí lóc li soc dźi		pull sb. close
			súb		punch	suph	/sʊɸ/	punch	sup
kenc fwei xanc		punish
			rrĕrĕdráú		puppy	rayacau	/rəjəʔaʊ̯/	puppy
manggác	pl manggwác	puppy (dog offspring)
nu	pass nú, attr du	push, have an impact on	nô		push	nu	/nʊ/	push	nu
nàc fi yo		put on (clothes)
zò	pass hsò, attr dzò	put, place	sĕdŏ		put, place	sóndo	/sondɔ/	put, place, position	s?do
			hnyê		quantity, number	sani	/sənɪ/	quantity	sni
dwic	sgv diec	quarrel, strife, conflict, rivalry
hngoc	(no pl)	quarry, stone pit
oc-mu	sgv moc-mu	quartz	mô		quartz	muyac	/mʊjəʔ/	quartz	mu
ugwac	pl uhkwac	queen, matriarch	ĕwĕgrég		queen	rócókh	/roʔox/	queen, matriarch	?? udroʀok
			sĕwĕgrég		queendom				s + udroʀok
			sró		quest, mission, task	xúlin	/χulɪn/	quest, mission, task	xru
tsec	pl tyéc	rabbit	zéd		rabbit	tath	/tʰəθ/	rabbit	det ? dət
yàe-ngge	pl nyàe-ngge	raft
			kúd		raid, rob
wì	sgv mwì	rain	ĕrí		rain	railau	/raɪ̯laʊ̯/	rain
ginggéc	(no pl)	rainbow	gári		rainbow	dambú	/təmbu/	rainbow
			qíg		ram (male sheep)	khikh	/xɪx/	ram (male sheep)	qik
			hrígh		rape	híc	/hiʔ/	rape	hriq
			hsrígh	ĕhrígh	rape	sayîc	/səji̤ʔ/	rape	shriq
tséc	(no sgv)	rapids
			ngô		rapids (of a river)	ngofán	/ŋɔfan/	rapids (of a river)	ŋo
			hmàb	hmàb	rash(es), hives, acne	mhōm	/m̥ɔ̤m/	rash(es), hives, breakout, acne	hmo?mp
			wàù		rather, somewhat	won	/wɔn/	rather, somewhat	won
			dlă		rattle, clatter	sa	/sə/	rattle, clatter	ɬa
ogá	pl ohká	raven	ĕwĕqă		raven	róla	/rolə/	raven	?? orqa
húoc	pass fúoc, attr kúoc	reach out for
kyá	pass hkyá, attr gíe	reach, arrive at				khá	/xa/	reach, arrive at	kja
hic	pass híc, attr tśíc	realize, become aware of	híb		realize, become aware of	hiph	/hɪɸ/	realize, become aware of, understand	hip
nù		really, indeed	dŭ		really, indeed (emphatic particle)	du	/tʊ/	really, indeed	du
srae	pass hsrae, attr grae	reap, harvest
tsèi	(no pl)	reason, explanation, motivation	c’í		reason, explanation, motivation	t’ai	/t’aɪ̯/	reason(s), motive(s), explanation	tʔaj
nwì	pass twì, attr dwì	receive (as a gift)
						pēc	/pʰɛ̤ʔ/	receive in trade
						hâi	/ha̤ɪ̯/	recently
			págh		recieve in trade, buy
ron	pass rón, attr tron	recite, tell (a story)	rràù		recite, tell (of a story)	ron	/rɔn/	recite, tell (a story)	ron
nyu ndźei		recognize	nyĕhnyé		recognize
						slúsau	/slusaʊ̯/	rectangle, square
						kanggí	/kʰəŋgi/	red
			gí	nyè	red color, red pigment	gíyāth	/kijə̤θ/	red color, red pigment	giH
						yēk’í	/jɛ̤k’i/	red obsidian
			dóg		reef, shoal
			jè		reflect (of light, images)	alim	/əlɪm/	reflect (light)	Cgim
			bĕpég		refuse, deny	pwekh	/pʰwɛx/	refuse, deny	b(V)pek
bronc	pass hpronc attr gubronc	regret	báíyĕzragh		regret				bajjVdraq
mèc	sgv myèc	religion, culture
ranào	(no pl)	religious festival
yec pou		remember
			cágh		remove, take away
mbàc	pass hpàc, attr bàc	replace, substitute, switch with
			blŏ		reply, respond	pó	/pʰo/	reply, respond	blo
uvyèc	pl mbyèc	representative building; house of the chieftain
			gă		request	ca	/ʔə/	request	ga
kan	pass kán, attr gyan	resist, ward off
			ghĕkhó		respect				ɢiʀqoH
			khó	ĕkhó	respect				qoH
gáe	(no sgv)	respect, social standing				kí	/kʰi̤/	respect	ɢiʀ
						sayî	/səji̤/	respect	saɢiʀ
śoc	attr gźoc	rest, relax, take a break	xáb		rest	sáph	/saɸ/	rest	sjap
ec	attr kec	return, come back	ág		return, come back	akh	/əx/	return, come back	ək
mbíc ec		revert, undo
			trĕrìd		ride
			fríd	ĕríd	right (direction)	fíthyâi	/fiθja̤ɪ̯/	right side, the right (direction)	frit
			grágh		rightness, righteousness	ang	/əŋ/	rightness, righteousness	ʀaɴq
drúnc	pl ndrúnc	ring (jewelry)
ndzu	attr gundzu	rise, get up	dlyè		rise, get up (from sitting or lying)
binc	pl mbinc	ritual, ceremony
fwenc	pl mbenc	river	dlyéd		river	fán	/fan/	river	fɬənt
nro	(no pl)	river crossing, ford	dĕmàù	dĕmàù	river crossing, ford
			zráb		river delta	léph	/leɸ/	river mouth, river delta
			ĕhá	ĕgrá	riverbank
			rrúb		roast	rum	/rʊm/	roast	rump
			drég		rob, pillage, sack	takh	/tʰəx/	rob, steal; pillage, sack	drək
oc	sgv moc	rock(s), stone(s)	ágh		rock(s), stone(s)	ac	/əʔ/	rock(s), stone(s)	aq
			màì		rock(s), stone(s)
mwòu	sgv myòu	roof	báú	báú	roof	bwau	/pwaʊ̯/	roof(s), roofing	baw
			gòrrĕfu		roof
traen	pl ndraen	room (of a house)
			zràù		room, hall
						kiyong	/kʰɪjɔŋ/	room, hall, compartment of a house
xùon	sgv màon	root	ráí		root	ā	/ə̤/	root(s)
pàn	sgv mpàn	rope
			wíg		rope	wikh	/wɪx/	rope(s)	wik
pá	pass hpá, attr gwá	row	pă		row	pha	/ɸə/	row	pa
nggèa	sgv nggyèa	rowan trees				ganggé	/kəŋge/	rowan tree
dye	pl ndye	rowboat, canoe
						rócoth	/roʔɔθ/	royal couple
ndrì	pass trì, attr gindrì	rub	zrĭ		rub	dí	/tí/	rub	dri
			ĕtĕdró		rudder
						ekht'í	/ɛxt'i/	rudder (device used to steer a boat)
						tngí	/tʰŋ̊i/	rule(s), law(s)
			dèlo	dèlo	rules, laws
gwae	sgv gyae	rules, laws, traditions
mìnc	pass pìnc, attr bìnc	sacrifice	hmèd		sacrifice (not a human or animal)	bin	/pɪn/	sacrifice	mint
			mè		sacrifice, give as an offering	samin	/səmɪn/	sacrifice (not a person or animal)
						sascakh	/səsʔəx/	sacrificial animal
			grĕyágh		sadness, grief	yuyang	/jʊjəŋ/	sadness	ʀujaɴq
						ít’ukh	/it’ʊx/	sage, priest, shaman
			ĕrrúd		saliva	úyuth	/ujʊθ/	saliva, spit	urut
rimyuc	(no sgv)	saliva
dźaon	pl htśaon	salmon
ric	sgv yoc	salt	rríb		salt	riph	/rɪɸ/	salt	rip
			kàgri		saltwater eel
			hngò	hngògh	salvation, rescue	kné	/kʰn̥e/	salvation, rescue
hluc	sgv syuc	sand	dlúd	dlúd	sand	hwuth	/hwʊθ/	sand	hɬut
			á		sandstorm	ārófu	/ə̤rofʊ/	sandstorm	aʀ
			rráí		sap	raiyâi	/raɪ̯ja̤ɪ̯/	sap	raj
byao xònc wa		save sb.’s life
xònc	pass hxònc, attr kònc	save, rescue
			ngò		save, rescue
tei	pass téi, attr glei	say, speak	dáí		say, speak (something)	tai	/tʰaɪ̯/	say, speak (something)	daj
			hnèb	hnèb	scabies	xaním	/χənim/	scabies	xanimp
			mĕgră		scales (of a reptile)	mbō	/mbɔ̤/	scales (of a reptile)
fao	sgv fyao	scales (of fish or reptiles)
			ĕnyàì		school of whales (collective plural)
trí	pl tśwí	scorpion	crĭ		scorpion	thílā	/θilə̤/	scorpion	tri
hku	pass huhku, attr guhku	scream at
			kháú		scream at, shout at
			dlrĕ		sculpt, mash, put together	sa	/sə/	sculpt, put together, mold	ɬə
			t’ú		sea foam
nùn	(no pl)	sea, ocean
			hnô	hnô	seagull	nono	/nɔnɔ/	seagull	no
ndźù	pass hundźù, attr gundźù	search for
myen mic ndźù		search intensively
			gáú		seashell(s)	xaundum	/χaʊ̯ndʊm/	seashell(s)
			dó	nò	season	dí	/ti/	season	d-
			yú		seaweed
gzo		second	hsŏ		second (ordinal)	gso	/ksɔ/	second	gso
			càì		secret	thang	/θəŋ/	secret(s)	təŋ
nyu	pass nyú, attr dźu	see	nyè		see	ngú	/ŋu/	see
			báí	màì	seed (of a plant), semen (of an animal)	bai	/paɪ̯/	seed(s) (of plants), semen (of animals)	baj
			ngàì		seek, look for	ngai	/ŋaɪ̯/	seek, look for	ŋaj
						ham	/həm/	seem
kóan	pass hkóan, attr gyóan	seize, conquer	khàù		seize, take over, conquer, take by force	hon	/hɔn/	seize, take over, conquer, take by force	qon
						ūph	/ʊ̤ɸ/	sense of hearing
			ĕdláú	grĕlráú	sense of smell	sau	/saʊ̯/	sense of smell	ɬaw
			ĕmàg		sense of taste	mang	/məŋ/	sense of taste	maŋk
			grĕgráítib		sense of touch	ēram	/ɛ̤rəm/	sense of touch
			zĕcágh		separate, disconnect	tac	/tʰəʔ/	separate, disconnect	daq
			nòd		serve	nuth	/nʊθ/	serve, be a servant	nut
			hxù		set up shop, make oneself at home
ngàe		several, some, a few
gundùn	pass hkundùn, attr gindùn	sew	gà		sew	hun	/hʊn/	sew
xu	sgv xào	shadow, shade	háú		shadow, shade	tauyâu	/tʰaʊ̯ja̤ʊ̯/	shadow, shade
			ĕlyĕdĕtú		shaft (of a spear)
						withtí	/wɪθtʰi/	shaft (of a spear), handle (of a long-hafted tool)
			ĕlyĕhnyè		shaft (of an arrow)	withgén	/wɪθken/	shaft (of an arrow)
trìc	pass htrìc, attr grìc	shake, shove, stir	cr’íd		shake	t’íth	/t’iθ/	shake	tʔit
			sáú		shape, figure	sau	/saʊ̯/	shape(s)	saw
dei	pass htei, attr ksei	share, distribute
			zrŭ	zrŭ	shark
						kdasí	/kʰtəsi/	sharp
						ârsí	/a̤rsi/	sharp point, tip
ugou	pl nugou	shield	rrĕgáú		shield	rócau	/roʔaʊ̯/	shield	rogaw
gyè	attr gigyè	shift one's position
źùn	attr dźùn	shine	ngè		shine	nggim	/ŋgɪm/	shine	ŋgim
			è		shine on	im	/ɪm/	shine on	im
			xè		shine, glow, rays (of light)
ndwin	pl nundwin	shirt
			trĕhsrĕqà		shirt, upper body clothing	núngú	/nuŋu/	shirt, upper body clothing
tréa	attr gréa	shiver	tĕră		shiver	thá	/θa/	shiver	tra
						sokhwuth	/sɔxwʊθ/	shoal, shallow (in a body of water)
			hfă	ghă	shoes	gfa	/kfə/	shoe	kfa
li tào		shoot (arrows)	lyĕcă		shoot (of an arrow or similar projectile)
sec	pl swéc	shooting star	xéd		shooting star	seth	/sɛθ/	shooting star	set
						kdónâi	/kʰtona̤ɪ̯/	shore, riverbank
sáe	sgv syáe	shores (of a river or lake)
						ing	/ɪŋ/	short
troc	sgv tsac	shoulder(s), upper back	dró		shoulder	súrí	/suri/	shoulder
			háú		shout, call out	hâu	/ha̤ʊ̯/	shout, cry out (of a word or sound)	haw
kéi	pl nggéi	shovel, scoop				khícau	/xiʔaʊ̯/	shovel, scoop
tan	pass tán, attr glan	show, demonstrate, explain
						góyêkh	/koje̤x/	shrine, temple
hao	sgv hmáo	siblings				handú	/həndu/	siblings	haw
			dlró	ĕró	siblings, parallel cousins
						pakh	/pʰəx/	sick
			ĕnyí		sight, vision	ngú	/ŋu/	sight, vision
			rrĕhmí		silver	rómbí	/rombi/	silver	roHmpiH
			pă		similarity	sawa	/səwə/	similarity	pa, sapa
			xú	yú	sinew, string	siphxú	/sɪɸχu/	sinew(s), (length of) string	xju
faen	pass hfaen, attr gwaen	sing	fàù		sing	fong	/fɔŋ/	sing	foŋ
níe	attr díe	sink	hnyè		sink	nhí	/n̥i/	sink	hniH
sa	pl swá	sister, parallel cousin (female)	să		sister	sasa	/səsə/	sister	sa
té	attr glé	sit
			hngàù		sit	nghau	/ŋ̊aʊ̯/	sit	hŋaw
gyè té		sit down
yé		6	dlyă		six	sa	/sə/	six	ɬa, ɬja
la		six times							əla
zrou	sgv źou	size, quantity	lĕdráú	dlráú	size	lalau	/ləlaʊ̯/	size
			hnyèd	hnyèd	skeleton, collection of bones	cundith	/ʔʊndɪθ/	skeleton, set of bones	ntit
faonc	pl honc	skin	hfáb	gráb	skin	fōm	/fɔ̤m/	skin(s), bark (of a tree)	fʀomp
			jĕbĕpàù	nyĕbĕpàù	skull	githpom	/kɪθpʰɔm/	skull	-pom
			já		sky	kā	/kʰə̤/	sky	gaʀ
						Haifai	/haɪ̯faɪ̯/	sky goddess
			Ká		sky goddess
myòu	(no sgv)	sky, weather
fwei	pass hfwei, attr guvwei	slap, beat, hit	dláí		slap	fai	/faɪ̯/	slap	fɬaj
			hmàgh		slaughter	mhac	/m̥əʔ/	slaughter	hmaq
			ĕráígh		slay, kill in battle
yenc	attr tśenc	sleep	yég		sleep	yeng	/jɛŋ/	sleep	jeŋk
			nĕhnê	hnê	sleeve (of shirt), leg (of pants)	mane	/mənɛ/	sleeve, leg (of pants)	ne-
			hlyó	hlyó	slime	tulú	/tʰʊlu/	slime, any unpleasant, viscous substance	-luH
wie	attr kwie	slide, slip	wú		slip, slide	wú	/wu/	slip, slide	wuH
nggruc	attr gunggruc	slow down
						ban	/pən/	small
			sĕlráú		smell, odor	sawau	/səwaʊ̯/	smell	saɬaw
			gúb		smell, emit odor (neutral tone)	cuph	/ʔʊɸ/	smell, emit odor	gup
hlou	pass huhlou, attr tlou	smell, perceive a scent	dláú		smell, perceive a scent	sau	/saʊ̯/	smell, perceive a scent	ɬaw
nenc	pass nénc, attr denc	smile at	lyég		smile	leng	/lɛŋ/	smile	leŋk
nèan	(no sgv)	smoke	nyàì		smoke	nangkda	/nəŋkʰtə/	smoke	nVŋ
						kandaná	/kʰəndəna/	smooth
lúc	pl hlúc	snail	dlúb		snail	suphsíng	/sʊɸsiŋ/	snail	ɬup
hli	pl fwá	snake
			kà		snake, serpent	hanō	/hənɔ̤/	snake
tò kòun		sneak	t’ĕk’à		sneak				tʔo kʔam
			dlràì		snot, nasal mucous	fóm	/fom/	snot, nasal mucous
ndźìc	sgv ndźèc	snow	hnyèd	ĕjíd	snow	ganggith	/kəŋgɪθ/	snow	ŋkit
dyen		so that
drenc		so, therefore
			sò		soap
						rumban	/rʊmbən/	soap
san		socially related to
						ngha	/ŋ̊ə/	soft
						bsaumwi	/psaʊ̯mwɪ/	solar eclipse
			cră		sole(s) (of feet), palm(s) (of hands)	tánikh	/tʰanɪx/	sole of the foot	trja
						cí	/ʔi/	some, few
			bí		son	fífí	/fifi/	son
śin	pl ndźin	song	sràù		song	sawong	/səwɔŋ/	song		perhaps of different origins
						dat’ang	/tət’əŋ/	soon
			pĕzrég	hsrég	soul, spirit	pdékh	/pʰtex/	soul, spirit	ptrek
hlíc	(no sgv)	soup, stew	dlyíd		soup, stew	sith	/sɪθ/	soup, stew, porridge, mush	hɬit
			dlyíd		soup, stew
			hfáí	sréí	source, origin	safai	/səfaɪ̯/	source, origin	safaj, sfaj
						nwen	/nwɛn/	south
			hlyíg	hlyíg	sow	holéng	/hɔleŋ/	sow (female pig; less marked)	-leŋk
twí	pl ndwí	spear	tú		spear(s)	p’andí	/p'əndi/	spear	twi
						ārí	/ə̤ri/	spearhead
nggráon	attr ganggráon	speed up
gwe	pl dà	spider	ké		spider	khā	/xə̤/	spider	Ckeʀ
ngká	pl nangká	spider web
			fĕ		spider web
						welā	/wɛlə̤/	spider web
			dlyéb		spill	seph	/sɛɸ/	spill	ɬep
			cáí	hsáí	spine
						tīk’ith	/tʰɪ̤k’ɪθ/	spine, backbone, vertebrae
brec	pl orà	spirit, soul, personality
			jĕrég	dlyĕrég	spleen	híyakh	/hijəx/	spleen	gJirek
			tr’ĕ		split, divide	t’é	/t’e/	split, cleave, divide	tʔre
			kúd	ĕtrúd	spoils, booty, loot, plunder	sacun	/səʔʊn/	spoils, booty, loot, plunder	kunt, sakunt
			jí		spouse, husband, wife
rúon	pl koc	spouse, partner, husband, wife
mbì	(no sgv)	spring (season)	nĕp’ĭ		spring (season)	níp’i	/nip’ɪ/	spring	nJipʔi
zrou-mbì	(no pl)	spring equinox
vyei	pl zwei	spring, well
						mun	/mʊn/	spring, well
			sĕtrí	sĕdrí	square (shape)
hmi	pass fwí, attr gwi	squeeze, pinch, be tight against
			dĕtú		squid
mwinc	pl hmúnc	squirrel	mòg		squirrel	mummung	/mʊmmʊŋ/	squirrel	muŋk
tào zò zò		stack, pile up				tâu	/tʰa̤ʊ̯/	stack, pile up	dawʀ
						ngāth	/ŋə̤θ/	stain, blot, blemish, colored spot
			dlyíd		stalk, stem	fíth	/fiθ/	stalk, stem	fɬit
			tágh		stallion	tōc	/tʰɔ̤ʔ/	stallion (male horse)	tCaq
pùn	attr gùn	stand
gyè pùn		stand up
			hwŏ		stand up (from sitting or lying)	ndó	/ndo/	stand up (from sitting or lying)
myéc	(no sgv)	star(s)	hmèd		star	mhath	/m̥əθ/	stars	hmet
tou	pass tóu, attr glou	start, begin	dó		start, begin	tú	/tʰu/	start, begin	duH
			hsó	ĕsró	start, beginning
rè	attr krè	starve
			q’àì		stay, remain	k’ang	/k’əŋ/	stay, remain	qʔaŋ
bra	attr gabra	stay, remain
brinc kóan tóc		steal	gĕnì		steal
nou	(no sgv)	steam	hnò	hnò	steam	nanú	/nənu/	steam	now
dlae	pass htlae, attr klae	steer, navigate
ha	pass hxa, attr ká	step on	vă		step on	xa	/χə/	step on, step toward	xa
			dlĕhsrè		stepchild	fándîm	/fandi̤m/	stepchild
fwanc-swín	(no pl)	stepchild, child-in-law
ngi-swín	pl ngec-swín	stepparent, parent-in-law				nasîm	/nəsi̤m/	stepparent
			hwè	hwè	stepparent
byo	pl mbyo	stick, twig, shaft	kŏ	pŏ	stick	pgo	/pʰkɔ/	stick	pgo
			ĕdlĕdrĕ	ĕlĕdrĕ	stickiness	langga	/ləŋgə/	stickiness
			bĕgă	ĕgă	stingray
nggùc	attr gunggùc	stink	gĕk’úb		stink	k'uph	/k'ʊɸ/	stink	kʔup
			hxĭ	hxĭ	stomach	xri	/χrɪ/	stomach
			vĕmê		stomp on
			ràìhmed		stone tower for use in sky burials
màonc	attr bàonc	stop, cease
			mà		stop, halt, cease, come to an end, die	bam	/pəm/	stop, halt, cease, come to an end	mam
						sarāth	/sərə̤θ/	storage, inventory
			céd	zréd	storage, shed, inventory
ndè	pass hindè, attr gindè	store, keep, retain	téd		store, keep, retain	thāth	/θə̤θ/	store, keep, retain
			rrĕfŭ		storm	rófu	/rofʊ/	storm
táe	pl twáe	story, legend	tú		story, legend
zumbron	pl dumbron	storyteller
						klúph	/kʰluɸ/	straight
						sīlúph	/sɪ̤luɸ/	straight line
nrèn	pl hnrèn	stranger, foreigner	ĕnràì		stranger, foreigner	ínggen	/iŋgɛn/	stranger, foreigner
mao	sgv myao	strawberries
			mèfai	mèfed	stream, brook, creek	bambán	/pəmban/	stream, brook, creek
wan	sgv wìen	strength, force, pressure
rudwó	pass hrudwó, attr grudwó	strengthen
ndà	pass handà, attr gandà	strike down, slay, kill
śu	pl ndźu	string, thread; sinew
						thó	/θo/	strong
						kúng	/kʰuŋ/	struggle, strive toward
tronc	attr gronc	struggle, toil, strain oneself
nggòun	attr gunggòun	stumble
			ĕză		succeed	ndá	/nda/	succeed at	ndja
bwác	attr gubwác	suffer				bwác	/pwaʔ/	suffer (from an illness)	bwaq
			fĕhyĕ		suffer a fit, convulsion, seizure, attack
						hé	/he/	suffer a seizure, stroke, or similar attack
ndàe	(no sgv)	summer	hnò		summer	dandí	/təndi/	summer
yenc-wie	(no pl)	summer solstice	ĕrĕbí		summer solstice	ranggí	/rəŋgi/	summer solstice
mbí	(no pl)	sun	ĕpĭ	ĕbĭ	sun	mwi	/mwɪ/	sun	mpi
nrènc	(no sgv)	sunrise, daybreak, early morning
						ramamwi	/rəməmwɪ/	sunset, sundown, late afternoon
			ĕbĕdră		sunset, sundown, late afternoon
mà	(no sgv)	sunset, sundown, late afternoon
byao	pass hpyao, attr gibyao	support, help
yèi	sgv myèi	surface, pattern, texture, rhythm, cycle
kúnc	pass hkúnc, attr gyúnc	surprise, catch sb. off guard
yec prei		suspect, suppose
wòu	pass fwòu, attr kwòu	swallow	áú		swallow	au	/aʊ̯/	swallow	aw
			hxó	sĕró	swamp	sasau	/səsaʊ̯/	swamp	Csjaw
zèn	(no sgv)	swarm of fish
dzèc	sgv dréi	swarm of insects
						t’ándeph	/t’andɛɸ/	swarm of insects, colony of insects		<tʼeph
						handā	/həndə̤/	swarm of spiders, nest of spiders		<hā
			té	té	swarm of spiders, nest of spiders (collective plural)
bù	attr kù	swim, float	dĕbŭ		swim, tread water, keep afloat	tambu	/tʰəmbʊ/	swim, keep afloat	dmbu
						bath	/pəθ/	switch with, be exchanged for
odzao	pl nodzao	sword
			xŏ	yŏ	table	xó	/χo/	table	xjo
né	pl mfwé	tail	hnyê		tail	nhe	/n̥ɛ/	tail	hne
tóc	pass htóc, attr glóc	take away, remove
lóc sruo		take care of, look after (inanimate things)
fyao bwìn soc gónc		take care of, raise (children)
			yĕzrŏ		take off (of clothing, armor)
guc	attr kyuc	take revenge
						thac	/θəʔ/	take, remove
tyuc	pass tyúc, attr gidyuc	talk about
tonc	pass tónc, attr glonc	talk to, chat with	dágh		talk to, chat with	tang	/tʰəŋ/	talk to, chat with	daɴq
kén	sgv kyén	task, mission, quest, project
			màg		taste	mang	/məŋ/	taste, try (of food or drink)	maŋk
tśic nyu		taste, try (liquids)
tyòu nyu		taste, try (solid food)
			hnyàì		teach (a skill or discipline)
tei zò		teach (mental knowledge)
dán	pass htán, attr ksán	teach (practical skills)
						sanān	/sənə̤n/	teach (something)
			hxàì		teach, be a teacher	sān	/sə̤n/	teach, be a teacher
nac	sgv nic	teeth	nèd		teeth	nath	/nəθ/	teeth	nat
me	pass mé, attr be	tell, say towards	mê		tell, say toward	me	/mɛ/	tell, say towards	me
náo	sgv nyáo	temple
tsoc	pl tsic	tent	zíb		tent	tiph	/tʰɪɸ/	temporary shelter, tent(s)	dip
			ĕdă	dlă	termite	lra	/lrə/	termite	lda
			sĕzĭ		testicles and scrotum
			yí		texture	yîyē	/ji̤jɛ̤/	texture	jiʀ
			bég		thank	peng	/pʰɛŋ/	thank	beŋk
			hfég	srég	thanks	safeng	/səfɛŋ/	thanks	safeŋk ~ sfeŋk
kù		that
			rrĕcrég		the brightest visible planet, one of the titles of Ká
			Jĕhnò		the coastal region inhabited by the Té-Jĕhno
			ngô		the east
xòac		the entirety of, all (of a collection)	gréd		the entire, all (of inanimates)	wath	/wəθ/	the entire	ʀVt
			rrĕdáú		the mainland, Tuysáfa
			pó		the north
nú		the other one	hnu		the other	nhu	/n̥ʊ/	the other	hnu
			Wég		the physical universe, the animating force of the world
			rrĕgód		the royal couple (queen and king)
dzó		the same one (animate)
hto		the same one (inanimate)
źindlíc	(no pl)	the shaman's garden
			nĕlréd		the south
			hnâ		the three of them
			hnyâ		the three of us
			nàd		the two of us, us two
			mèd		the two of you, you two
			dră	dră	the west	twa	/tʰwə/	west	dra
			grĕhnò		the world (geographical), Akana
						uwōndum	/ʊwɔ̤ndʊm/	the world, Akana
tèin		then (in the future)				t’ang	/t’əŋ/	then (in the future)	tʔeŋ
yéi		then (in the past)				hai	/haɪ̯/	then (past)	haj
lóa		there	dláú		there (at a distance from the speaker)	sō	/sɔ̤/	there	ɬoʀ
						lum	/lʊm/	thick (in dimension)
			káú		thigh	thóyâu	/θoja̤ʊ̯/	thigh
						siph	/sɪɸ/	thin (in dimension), narrow
táo	pl ndáo	thing, item	có		thing	thú	/θu/	thing(s), stuff	tju, tVV
fwinc	pass hfwinc, attr guvwinc	think, reflect, consider, assume				fwíng	/fwiŋ/	think about, consider	fwiŋk
			yéd		think, assume	yeth	/jɛθ/	think, reflect, consider, assume	jet
ntòc		third
ki		this	gi		the (animate)	ka	/kʰə/	this, that (animate)	gi
			că		this (near me)				tja
			fi		the (inanimate)	fi	/fɪ/	this, that (inanimate)	fi
			jè	dlyè	threat	hing	/hɪŋ/	threat	giŋ
tlin	pass tlín, attr glin	threaten	jè		threaten	hing	/hɪŋ/	threaten	? tgiŋ
tòc		3	t’úgh		three	t’uc	/t’ʊʔ/	three	tʔuq
nòc		three times							dʔuq
			yág		throat	yakh	/jəx/	throat	jak
rùc		through, between, surrounded by
tào	pass htào, attr glào	throw
						srundau	/srʊndaʊ̯/	throw, shoot (of an arrow or similar projectile)
nì	pl kwí	thrush	jĭ	nyê	thrush	gilí	/kɪli/	thrush	gi
tèi	pl twéi	thumb	c’é		thumb	t’í	/t’i/	thumb	tʔVi ~ tʔiV
kun	sgv tśun	thunder	gò		thunder	hum	/hʊm/	thunder	gum
						humrófu	/hʊmrofʊ/	thunderstorm
			fĕsrèrra	fĕrèrra	tide(s)
lulú	pass hlulú, attr tlulú	tie down sb.
ndra	pl ntśwá	tiger	hnră	nĕră	tiger	ndá	/nda/	tiger	ntra
lánc	sgv línc	time	dlréd		time, duration	san	/sən/	time, duration	ɬant
ngù		to the east of
tac		to the left of
odzac		to the north of
urìc		to the right of
nrenc		to the south of
tuo		to the west of
ban		today
luc	pl hluc	toe	lúb		toe	luph	/lʊɸ/	toe	lup
sonc	pl swónc	tongue	sób		tongue, language	som	/sɔm/	tongue	somp
			tĕrà		too much, excessively	thuyam	/θʊjəm/	too much, excessively	turam
yao		too, also, as well	yé		too, also, as well	au	/aʊ̯/	too, also, as well	aw
yàe	pl nyàe	tool	yú		tool(s)
						ekhdá	/ɛxta/	tool
nèc	pl ndèc	torch
						xúsalú	/χusəlu/	torso, trunk of the body
hkwae	pl fwáe	totem animal
ko	pass kó, attr gyo	touch, get in contact with	gŏ		touch, get in contact with	ho	/hɔ/	touch, come in contact with	go
bao		towards, in the direction of; intended for
						rómbāth	/rombə̤θ/	town; large, permanent village
kào paec		trade
			xĕbá		trade, trade in (a commodity)
			lyéd		train, practice, learn	leth	/lɛθ/	train, practice, learn	let
			jà		traitor, criminal, trickster
mbíc kòu bí		trap	káú	káú	trap	fgau	/fkaʊ̯/	trap	fgaw
ndzu kein tyòu yenc do		travel (to)
yàe-kàc	pl nyàe-kàc	travois, sledge	ĕghĕkh’ad		travois, sledge	ekhcath	/ɛxʔəθ/	travois, sledge to carry goods	eɢVqʔat
			ĕcr’íg	ĕzríg	triangle (shape)	t’ikhsau	/t’ɪxsaʊ̯/	triangle (shape)	Ctʔik
			k’áú		trick	cau	/ʔaʊ̯/	trick	kʔaw
mpúo	(no pl)	trunk (of an elephant or anteater)	pú		trunk (of an elephant or anteater)	phúngan	/ɸuŋən/	trunk (of an elephant or anteater)	puH
			ságh		truth	sang	/səŋ/	truth	saɴq
pwì	pass hpwì, attr gubwì	try, attempt, strive	dĕtrĕ		try, strive
mbré	pl nimbré	tube; tunnel (of a cave); sleeve (of clothes)
mic	attr bic	turn around	mèg		turn around	mikh	/mɪx/	turn around	mik
mimbíc	attr bimbíc	turn the tables; change a situation completely	mĕhmèg		turn, rotate, revert	mamikh	/məmɪx/	turn, rotate, revert	mVCmik
mbíc	pass himbíc, attr gimbíc	turn, rotate, twist, knead, mold
						sayā	/səjə̤/	turnip(s)
lí	sgv yí	turnips	dlĭ		turnips
						malā	/mələ̤/	turtle
			ĕdráí		turtle
nggaon	pl ngkwáon	turtle
						mamā	/məmə̤/	turtle shell, armor
lác		12	dlád		twelve	sath	/səθ/	twelve	ɬat
tróun		24	crà		twenty-four	thám	/θam/	twenty-four	tram
hoc		twice
hmào	(no sgv)	twilight, red sky (at dawn and dusk)	xábe	yábe	twilight	xāmbú	/χə̤mbu/	twilight
kyòc	sgv kàe	twins	k’ú		twin	cíwû	/ʔiwṳ/	twins	kʔVV
káe		2	kú		two	hí	/hi/	two	kVV
ric	(no pl)	type, kind, variety	xíg		type, kind, quality	sikh	/sɪx/	type, kind	sik
bonc		under the circumstance that
tra		under, at the bottom of
dwá	pass htwá, attr gudwá	understand	tĕrĕ		understand				tVrV
			ĕrà		undress, go naked	rán	/ran/	undress, go naked, denude	ran
zò nàc tóc		unload, take out
zimí	pl dimí	unmarried young adult
			ngĕnge		until
źi	attr dźi	urinate, pee	xĭ		urinate	si	/sɪ/	urinate	si, zji
twou	(no sgv)	urine
						sasi	/səsɪ/	urine
						tna	/tʰn̥ə/	us (paucal)
			wŏ		use	wo	/wɔ/	use	wo
						ngyen	/ŋjɛn/	vagina
kwè	(no pl)	vagina, vulva				cé	/ʔe/	vulva	kʔwe
hmóc	(no pl)	valley	hmòg		valley	mhokh	/m̥ɔx/	valley	hmok
						wōc	/wɔ̤ʔ/	value, price
zwà	sgv zwìe	vegetation, plants				samba	/səmbə/	vegetation, plant(s)	smpa
			ngòd		vengeance, intense rage, vendetta, feud, revenge	ngúth	/ŋuθ/	vengeance, intense rage, vendetta, feud, blood feud, revenge	ŋut
						k’indó	/k’ɪndo/	vetches, patch of vetches
			ĕságh	ĕrrágh	victim, sacrificial animal
			sĕlré		vigil, patrol
						sawú	/səwu/	vigil, patrol, watch
màc	sgv myèc	village	pád	hmàd	village	bāth	/pə̤θ/	village, collection of houses	bCat
tyu	sgv tśou	villager(s), sedentary people
			hmĕc’ó		vinyard, patch of grape vines
			dĕdlyŏ		viper, venomous snake
dźi syu		visit
						ānggí	/ə̤ŋgi/	vixen (female fox, less marked)
			ĕrà		vixen, fox (less marked)
			jíg	dlyíg	voice (of a human)	hikh	/hɪx/	voice	Cgik
			dúgh		vomit	tung	/tʰʊŋ/	vomit	duɴq
			srú	ĕrrú	vomit
						yayílí	/jəjili/	vomit
			p’ú		wage, conduct, venture, attempt	p’í	/p’i/	wage, conduct, venture, attempt	pʔwi
			xí		waist	súfōm	/sufɔ̤m/	waist	sju
ròun	(no pl)	waist, small of the back
sruo	attr gruo	wait				syó	/sjo/	wait for, await	srVV
rinc	pass rínc, attr trinc	wake up, rouse; warn	ĕnyúb		wake up	núm	/num/	wake up	Cnjump
			k’à		walk	cam	/ʔəm/	walk	kʔam
zúc	attr dzúc	walk
ndòu	(no sgv)	wall(s) (of a house)	tó		wall (of a building)	nhándú	/n̥andu/	wall(s) (of a house)	ntuw
ao	pass hao, attr kao	want	á		want	ai	/aɪ̯/	want	aw, aH, aj
sen	sgv śen	war				sinden	/sɪndɛn/	war(s)	sin
			xíb		war				sip
			fĕzréd	ĕzréd	warband, militia, gang (collective plural)
			q’ĭ		warn	k’i	/k’ɪ/	warn	kʔi
			rrĕqĭ		warning	sanggi	/səŋgɪ/	warning(s)
fec	pl fwéc	warrior	féd		warrior	feth	/fɛθ/	warrior, soldier	fet
fyao bwìn		wash
						pan	/pʰən/	wash, clean
			hmè		wash, clean, clean up
fyei	pl hsèi	wasp	fé	ĕyé	wasp				fjaj
						wait’ā	/waɪ̯t’ə̤/	wasp
			drég		waste
léc	pass hléc, attr tléc	waste, squander				lec	/lɛʔ/	waste, squander	leq
tòc	attr glòc	watch out, be vigilant
láo	pass hláo, attr tláo	watch, look at	dlré		watch, look at	sú	/su/	watch, look at	ɬrVV
			ó		water	ú	/u/	water	uH
sun	sgv mou	water
						flaló	/fləlo/	water pot (for scoring clay)
			cég		waterfall	thakh	/θəx/	waterfall	tek
			fáí		wave	xai	/χaɪ̯/	wave (of water), splash	χaj
ngwou	sgv nyou	waves (of water)
nac		we (dual)
dźé		we (paucal)
hei		we	háí		we, us, our	hai	/haɪ̯/	we, us	haj
						ndáph	/ndaɸ/	weak
koun	pl nggoun	weapon
						xamen	/χəmɛn/	weapon, sword
yo	pass yó, attr tśo	wear (clothes)	yŏ		wear (of clothing, armor)	yo	/jɔ/	wear (of clothing, armor)	jo
			bráú	màù	weather	baulā	/paʊ̯lə̤/	weather	bəwlaw?
			ĕgă	màù	weather
			brò		well, spring, watering hole
			dlyé		wet snow, sleet	saurai	/saʊ̯raɪ̯/	wet snow	ɬəwraj
			yàì		whale
mwei	sgv myei	wheat	wáí		wheat	wai	/waɪ̯/	wheat, grain in general	mwai
hpan		when (during the day)
htrenc		when (during the night)
htèin		when (in the future)
htséi		when (in the past)
htlinc		when finally; as soon as
tyaen		where (dynamic)
saen		where (stative)
tróu		which? (interrogative animate)
trén		which? (interrogative inanimate)
hpi		while, during (a longer timeframe)
htlanc		while, during (a short timeframe)
twic	pass twíc, attr gudwic	whisper	dĕwíg		whisper				dVwik
						k’imāth	/k’ɪmə̤θ/	white color, white pigment
						k’im	/k’ɪm/	white, light (in color)
haon	pl hxon	widow, widower	xĕgràù	yĕgràù	widow, widower	xíwūn	/χiwʊ̤n/	widow, widower	χiʀawn
						kícókh	/kʰiʔox/	wife
dźea	(no sgv)	willow trees				síyala	/sijələ/	willow tree, grove of willows
nyac	attr dźac	win, be victorious; very (when used in a SVC with a positive quality verb)	nyègh		win, be victorious	nec	/nɛʔ/	win, be victorious	neq
			fŭ		wind	fu	/fʊ/	wind	fu
źiźenc	(no pl)	wind burial platform
wù	pl hú	wind, storm							əwu < ə + fu
gzòu	pl nggzòu	window
			sĕbŏ		window	sawó	/səwo/	window	sabo
						t’auwe	/t’aʊ̯wɛ/	wine
rec	pl hroac	wing	rrág		wing	rakh	/rəx/	wing	rak
ntronc	(no sgv)	winter	nĕrú		winter	nílom	/nilɔm/	winter
man-honc	(no pl)	winter solstice	hngób		winter solstice	manggom	/məŋgɔm/	winter solstice
			nyèg		wish, wish for	nakh	/nəx/	wish
			nyèg		wish	nakh	/nəx/	wish(es)
ràe	pass hràe, attr kràe	wish, hope
zea		with the goal that
grac		with the result that
fa		with, accompanied by
wo		with, by, using
re		without
zac	pl hsac	wolf	srég	srég	wolf	asakh	/əsəx/	wolf	ssek
kwac	pl ngwèi	woman	grég	dlrég	woman	hókh	/hox/	woman	ʀVk
			zĭ	nyê	womb, uterus	di	/tɪ/	womb, uterus	di
nggren	(no pl)	womb, uterus
						salî	/səli̤/	wonder
			kú	ĕkú	wonder (emotional state)
			gĕkú		wonder about, imagine
toc	sgv tsoc	wood (material)	dóg		wood (material)	tokh	/tʰɔx/	wood (material)	dok
tsìn	sgv tsèn	wool	c’è		wool	t’in	/t’ɪn/	wool	tʔin
sei	sgv śei	words, statement, utterance	sáí		word, utterance	sai	/saɪ̯/	word(s), utterance(s), question(s)	saj
tsa	attr gza	work	ză		work	tá	/tʰa/	work	dsa
udou	(no sgv)	world
hlin	(no pl)	worm	dlyè	ĕlrè	worm	síng	/siŋ/	worm	ɬiŋ
			ú		worry about
			sú		worry, anxiety	súk’ā	/suk’ə̤/	worry, anxiety	suw
						tuyan	/tʰʊjən/	worthless or uncooperative person, traitor
saenc	pl ndzaenc	wound, injury				sayāng	/səjə̤ŋ/	wound(s)	sVVŋk
			zó		wound, injury
fi	pass hfi, attr gwi	wrap, cover	fĭ		wrap around	fi	/fɪ/	wrap around	fi
			rrĕbú		wrist	rúmbú	/rumbu/	wrist	rumbuw
mbà	pl nambà	yard, enclosed area
yei	attr kyei	yawn	ĕrí		yawn, gape	rai	/raɪ̯/	yawn, gape	rai
zàe	pl syàe	year
			rrĕdó		year	róndí	/rondi/	year
						kambú	/kʰəmbu/	yellow
			bé	mè	yellow color, yellow pigment, yellow dye, urine (euphamistic)	búyāth	/pujə̤θ/	yellow color, yellow pigment
mun		you	mò		you (singular), your	mung	/mʊŋ/	you	muŋ
minc		you (dual)
bún		you (paucal)	hmò		you three	tmung	/tʰm̥ʊŋ/	you (paucal)
wae		you (plural)	wó		you, your (plural)	wí	/wi/	you (plural)
la yé		36
nec	pl mfwéc	young animal