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Timeline/Before -2000

Inzan — Mon, 09 Nov 2026 06:19:41 GMT

-3000 – -2000

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:19, 8 November 2026
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	= -4000 – -3000 =		= -4000 – -3000 =
	{{Event\|~~Lotoka~~\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture ~~reaches~~ Lotoka~~.}}~~		{{Event\|Siixtaguana\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture expands, splitting into 4 new cultures in different places, including Lotoka and Sumarušuxi.}}
	~~{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches~~ Sumarušuxi.}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the Proto-[[Macro-Edastean languages\|Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the Proto-[[Macro-Edastean languages\|Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}
	~~{{Event\|Mrisanfa\|c. -4000\|Pre-Peninsular people settles the Peninsular.}}~~
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}
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	= -3000 – -2000 =		= -3000 – -2000 =
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3000\|Old Ngauro is the first [[Oryziform\|written]] language in [[Peilaš]].}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3000\|Old Ngauro is the first [[Oryziform\|written]] language in [[Peilaš]].}}
	{{Event\|~~Lasomo~~\|c. -3000\|[[~~Miwan languages\|~~Proto-~~Miwan~~]] ~~speakers spread up~~ the [[~~Aiwa~~]]~~, and [[Talo~~-~~Edastean languages~~\|~~Talo~~-~~Edasteans~~]] ~~settle~~ the [[~~Bwimbai~~]] valley.}}		{{Event\|Gourun\|c. -3000\|[[Proto-Xoronic]] splitted from the [[Talo-Edastean]].}}
	{{Event\|~~Rathedan~~\|c. -3000\|[[~~Gezoro~~]] ~~migrate into~~ the [[~~Rathedān~~]].}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -3000\|The Pre-[[Meshi]] start migrating from the lower [[Milīr]] to the middle [[Aiwa valley]].}}
	{{Event\|~~WSteppe~~\|c. -3000\|Western ~~peoples spread northwards~~ into the ~~steppe~~.}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -3000\|[[Miwan languages\|Proto-Miwan]] speakers spread up the [[Aiwa]].}}
			{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3000\|The [[Proto-Western]] people migrates across western Peilaš.}}
			{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -3000–-2500\|The Southeast Canoe culture evolved into the [[Sumarušuxi Culture]].}}
	{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3000–-2500\|Tuysáfa Fishing Culture.}}		{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3000–-2500\|Tuysáfa Fishing Culture.}}
	{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2800\|Domestication of the goat in [[Proto-Isthmus\|Isthmus]] territory.}}		{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2800\|Domestication of the goat in [[Proto-Isthmus\|Isthmus]] territory.}}
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	{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2500\|Foundation of the [[Old Kingdom]] in the Yima valley (Xšalad).}}		{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2500\|Foundation of the [[Old Kingdom]] in the Yima valley (Xšalad).}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2400\|Ngauro control the Aiwa valley as far as the Bwimbai, ruling over the southern Talo-Edasteans (pre-Ndak).}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2400\|Ngauro control the Aiwa valley as far as the Bwimbai, ruling over the southern Talo-Edasteans (pre-Ndak).}}
			{{Event\|Dagaem\|c. -2400\|The Isthmus people colonizes the Dagæm islands.}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2300\|Ngauro rule declines. Ndak kingdom of [[Lasomo\|Latsomo]] established; several Ndak-Ngauro wars follow.}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2300\|Ngauro rule declines. Ndak kingdom of [[Lasomo\|Latsomo]] established; several Ndak-Ngauro wars follow.}}
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -2200\|Ndak conquer Kasadgad; [[Ndak Ta]] begins to replace Ngauro as the dominant spoken language of the Aiwa delta.}}		{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2300\|[[Proto-Isthmus]] splits into the western and the eastern.}}
	{{Event\|Rathedān\|c. -2200\|[[Gezoro]] develop iron metallurgy.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -2200\|Ndak conquer [[Kasadgad]]; [[Ndak Ta]] begins to replace Ngauro as the dominant spoken language of the Aiwa delta.}}
	{{Event\|~~Kasca~~\|c. -2200~~–~~-2000\|~~Ndak conquered once by northern hill tribes, twice by western nomads~~.}}		{{Event\|Rathedān\|c. -2200\|The [[Gezoro]] develop iron metallurgy.}}
			{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2200--1900\|The [[Gezoro]] start migrating eastward to the area around Lasomo.}}
			{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -2100--2000\|The Pre-[[Proto-Ferogh\|Ferogh]] raids all the way to Kasadgad.}}
	{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2100\|[[Xšali]] invade the Yima valley and destroy the Old Kingdom.}}		{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2100\|[[Xšali]] invade the Yima valley and destroy the Old Kingdom.}}

Akana timeline

Inzan — Mon, 09 Nov 2026 05:57:23 GMT

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	* Huyfárah {{Toggler\|Huyfarah}}		* Huyfárah {{Toggler\|Huyfarah}}
	* Ici forest/Tæm Hou {{Toggler\|Ici}}		* Ici forest/Tæm Hou {{Toggler\|Ici}}
			* Lu Tal {{Toggler\|Tal}}
			* Dagæm islands {{Toggler\|Dagaem}}
	\|- class="bg2"		\|- class="bg2"
	\| Isles/Siixtaguna sphere		\| Isles/Siixtaguna sphere

Timeline/Before -2000

Inzan — Mon, 09 Nov 2026 05:29:42 GMT

-4000 – -3000

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 8 November 2026
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	{{Event\|ETuysafa\|c. -7000–-6000\|Mediundic peoples reach the eastern end of Tuysáfa.}}		{{Event\|ETuysafa\|c. -7000–-6000\|Mediundic peoples reach the eastern end of Tuysáfa.}}
	{{Event\|Siixtaguna\|c. -6000–-5000\|[[Canoe Culture]] develops in northeastern [[Peilaš]].}}		{{Event\|Siixtaguna\|c. -6000–-5000\|[[Canoe Culture]] develops in northeastern [[Peilaš]].}}
	{{Event\|\|c. -5000\|The hypothetical Proto-[[Tæm-Hou languages\|Tæm-Hou]] people in [[Tæm Hou]].}}		{{Event\|Ici\|c. -5000\|The hypothetical Proto-[[Tæm-Hou languages\|Tæm-Hou]] people in [[Tæm Hou]].}}
	{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -4500\|[[Proto-Eigə-Isthmus]] is spoken, presumably in the region between the lower Aiwa and the [[Oltu]].}}		{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -4500\|[[Proto-Eigə-Isthmus]] is spoken, presumably in the region between the lower Aiwa and the [[Oltu]].}}
	{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}		{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}
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	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}
	{{Event\|\|c. -3500\|The [[Proto-Hitatc]] in the Ici Forest.}}		{{Event\|Ici\|c. -3500\|The [[Proto-Hitatc]] in the Ici Forest.}}
	{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}		{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}

Akana timeline

Inzan — Mon, 09 Nov 2026 05:28:57 GMT

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	* Kasca {{Toggler\|Kasca}}		* Kasca {{Toggler\|Kasca}}
	* Huyfárah {{Toggler\|Huyfarah}}		* Huyfárah {{Toggler\|Huyfarah}}
			* Ici forest/Tæm Hou {{Toggler\|Ici}}
	\|- class="bg2"		\|- class="bg2"
	\| Isles/Siixtaguna sphere		\| Isles/Siixtaguna sphere

Main Page

Inzan — Sun, 08 Nov 2026 08:26:38 GMT

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	::Talo languages • ''[[Tlaliolz]]''		::Talo languages • ''[[Tlaliolz]]''
	::[[Edastean languages]] • ''[[Ndak Ta]]''		::[[Edastean languages]] • ''[[Ndak Ta]]''
	:::''[[Adāta]]'' • ''[[Ndok Aisô]]'' • ''[[Buruya Nzaysa]]'' • ''[[Delta Naidda\|Naidda]]'' • ''[[Fáralo]]''		:::Daiadāk languages • ''[[Adāta]]''
			::::''[[Æðadĕ]]'' • ''[[Aθáta]]'' • ''[[Ayāsthi]]'' • ''[[Mavakhalan]]'' • ''[[Kuyʔūn]]'' • ''[[Pencek]]''
			:::Fáralo languages • ''[[Fáralo]]''
			::::''[[Namɨdu]]'' • ''[[Woltu Falla]]'' • ''[[Cəssın]]''
			:::''[[Ndok Aisô]]'' • ''[[Buruya Nzaysa]]'' • ''[[Delta Naidda\|Naidda]]'' • ''[[Fáralo]]''
	:[[Xoronic languages]] • ''[[Proto-Xoronic]]''		:[[Xoronic languages]] • ''[[Proto-Xoronic]]''
	:[[Isles languages]] • ''[[Proto-Isles]]''		:[[Isles languages]] • ''[[Proto-Isles]]''
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	:::''[[Rrób Tè Jĕhnò]]'' • ''[[Ree Rɛɛ Kıbyaa]]'' • ''[[Əktoś Duəmeuk]]'' • ''[[Mhakh Thandim]]'' • ''[[Ronc Tyu]]''		:::''[[Rrób Tè Jĕhnò]]'' • ''[[Ree Rɛɛ Kıbyaa]]'' • ''[[Əktoś Duəmeuk]]'' • ''[[Mhakh Thandim]]'' • ''[[Ronc Tyu]]''
	:[[Leic languages]] • ''[[Proto-Leic]]''		:[[Leic languages]] • ''[[Proto-Leic]]''
			::[[Áżädgä]]
	:''([[Languages of Akana\|more...]])''		:''([[Languages of Akana\|more...]])''

Timeline/Before -2000

Inzan — Sat, 07 Nov 2026 06:46:25 GMT

Yād/Sound changes

Inzan — Fri, 06 Nov 2026 13:32:24 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:32, 6 November 2026
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	# '''Palatalization''': Some palatalized consonant, including consonants before /j/, changes it's articulation: /kʲ tʲ ɡʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ nʲ lʲ/ becomes /t͡ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ ɲ ʎ/.		# '''Palatalization''': Some palatalized consonant, including consonants before /j/, changes it's articulation: /kʲ tʲ ɡʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ nʲ lʲ/ becomes /t͡ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ ɲ ʎ/.
	# /ð/ drops, creating hiatuses that then desolves as best as it can be.		# /ð/ drops, creating hiatuses that then desolves as best as it can be.
	# /x/ ~~drops word-finally &~~ before voiced ~~stops~~, and lengthens the vowel before it. /x/ fortites into /g/ before non-plosive consonants and becomes /h/ otherwise.		# '''Velar Fricative Dropping''': If /x/ is after a vowel and before a voiced stop or the end of the word, it drops and lengthens the vowel before it. /x/ fortites into /g/ before non-plosive consonants and becomes /h/ otherwise.
	# '''Liquid Assimilation''': Liquid clusters become geminates from the last liquid in the cluster.		# '''Liquid Assimilation''': Liquid clusters become geminates from the last liquid in the cluster.
	# Word-final /r/ is deleted ONLY in nominals.		# Word-final /r/ is deleted ONLY in nominals.

Namɨdu

Inzan — Thu, 05 Nov 2026 08:39:25 GMT

Sound Changes from Fáralo

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:19, 8 November 2026
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	= -4000 – -3000 =		= -4000 – -3000 =
	{{Event\|~~Lotoka~~\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture ~~reaches~~ Lotoka~~.}}~~		{{Event\|Siixtaguana\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture expands, splitting into 4 new cultures in different places, including Lotoka and Sumarušuxi.}}
	~~{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches~~ Sumarušuxi.}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the Proto-[[Macro-Edastean languages\|Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the Proto-[[Macro-Edastean languages\|Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}
	~~{{Event\|Mrisanfa\|c. -4000\|Pre-Peninsular people settles the Peninsular.}}~~
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}
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	= -3000 – -2000 =		= -3000 – -2000 =
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3000\|Old Ngauro is the first [[Oryziform\|written]] language in [[Peilaš]].}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3000\|Old Ngauro is the first [[Oryziform\|written]] language in [[Peilaš]].}}
	{{Event\|~~Lasomo~~\|c. -3000\|[[~~Miwan languages\|~~Proto-~~Miwan~~]] ~~speakers spread up~~ the [[~~Aiwa~~]]~~, and [[Talo~~-~~Edastean languages~~\|~~Talo~~-~~Edasteans~~]] ~~settle~~ the [[~~Bwimbai~~]] valley.}}		{{Event\|Gourun\|c. -3000\|[[Proto-Xoronic]] splitted from the [[Talo-Edastean]].}}
	{{Event\|~~Rathedan~~\|c. -3000\|[[~~Gezoro~~]] ~~migrate into~~ the [[~~Rathedān~~]].}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -3000\|The Pre-[[Meshi]] start migrating from the lower [[Milīr]] to the middle [[Aiwa valley]].}}
	{{Event\|~~WSteppe~~\|c. -3000\|Western ~~peoples spread northwards~~ into the ~~steppe~~.}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -3000\|[[Miwan languages\|Proto-Miwan]] speakers spread up the [[Aiwa]].}}
			{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3000\|The [[Proto-Western]] people migrates across western Peilaš.}}
			{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -3000–-2500\|The Southeast Canoe culture evolved into the [[Sumarušuxi Culture]].}}
	{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3000–-2500\|Tuysáfa Fishing Culture.}}		{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3000–-2500\|Tuysáfa Fishing Culture.}}
	{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2800\|Domestication of the goat in [[Proto-Isthmus\|Isthmus]] territory.}}		{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2800\|Domestication of the goat in [[Proto-Isthmus\|Isthmus]] territory.}}
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	{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2500\|Foundation of the [[Old Kingdom]] in the Yima valley (Xšalad).}}		{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2500\|Foundation of the [[Old Kingdom]] in the Yima valley (Xšalad).}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2400\|Ngauro control the Aiwa valley as far as the Bwimbai, ruling over the southern Talo-Edasteans (pre-Ndak).}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2400\|Ngauro control the Aiwa valley as far as the Bwimbai, ruling over the southern Talo-Edasteans (pre-Ndak).}}
			{{Event\|Dagaem\|c. -2400\|The Isthmus people colonizes the Dagæm islands.}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2300\|Ngauro rule declines. Ndak kingdom of [[Lasomo\|Latsomo]] established; several Ndak-Ngauro wars follow.}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2300\|Ngauro rule declines. Ndak kingdom of [[Lasomo\|Latsomo]] established; several Ndak-Ngauro wars follow.}}
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -2200\|Ndak conquer Kasadgad; [[Ndak Ta]] begins to replace Ngauro as the dominant spoken language of the Aiwa delta.}}		{{Event\|Isthmus\|c. -2300\|[[Proto-Isthmus]] splits into the western and the eastern.}}
	{{Event\|Rathedān\|c. -2200\|[[Gezoro]] develop iron metallurgy.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -2200\|Ndak conquer [[Kasadgad]]; [[Ndak Ta]] begins to replace Ngauro as the dominant spoken language of the Aiwa delta.}}
	{{Event\|~~Kasca~~\|c. -2200~~–~~-2000\|~~Ndak conquered once by northern hill tribes, twice by western nomads~~.}}		{{Event\|Rathedān\|c. -2200\|The [[Gezoro]] develop iron metallurgy.}}
			{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -2200--1900\|The [[Gezoro]] start migrating eastward to the area around Lasomo.}}
			{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -2100--2000\|The Pre-[[Proto-Ferogh\|Ferogh]] raids all the way to Kasadgad.}}
	{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2100\|[[Xšali]] invade the Yima valley and destroy the Old Kingdom.}}		{{Event\|Xshalad\|c. -2100\|[[Xšali]] invade the Yima valley and destroy the Old Kingdom.}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 8 November 2026
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	{{Event\|ETuysafa\|c. -7000–-6000\|Mediundic peoples reach the eastern end of Tuysáfa.}}		{{Event\|ETuysafa\|c. -7000–-6000\|Mediundic peoples reach the eastern end of Tuysáfa.}}
	{{Event\|Siixtaguna\|c. -6000–-5000\|[[Canoe Culture]] develops in northeastern [[Peilaš]].}}		{{Event\|Siixtaguna\|c. -6000–-5000\|[[Canoe Culture]] develops in northeastern [[Peilaš]].}}
	{{Event\|\|c. -5000\|The hypothetical Proto-[[Tæm-Hou languages\|Tæm-Hou]] people in [[Tæm Hou]].}}		{{Event\|Ici\|c. -5000\|The hypothetical Proto-[[Tæm-Hou languages\|Tæm-Hou]] people in [[Tæm Hou]].}}
	{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -4500\|[[Proto-Eigə-Isthmus]] is spoken, presumably in the region between the lower Aiwa and the [[Oltu]].}}		{{Event\|Huyfarah\|c. -4500\|[[Proto-Eigə-Isthmus]] is spoken, presumably in the region between the lower Aiwa and the [[Oltu]].}}
	{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}		{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}
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	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}
	{{Event\|\|c. -3500\|The [[Proto-Hitatc]] in the Ici Forest.}}		{{Event\|Ici\|c. -3500\|The [[Proto-Hitatc]] in the Ici Forest.}}
	{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}		{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}

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	{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}		{{Event\|Lukpanic\|c. -4500\|Beginnings of [[Western Neolithic\|agriculture]] in the [[Lukpanic coast]].}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4300\|Earliest copper artifacts (found near Buruya).}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4300\|Earliest copper artifacts (found near Buruya).}}

			= -4000 – -3000 =
	{{Event\|Lotoka\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches Lotoka.}}		{{Event\|Lotoka\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches Lotoka.}}
	{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches Sumarušuxi.}}		{{Event\|Sumarushuxi\|c. -4000\|Canoe Culture reaches Sumarušuxi.}}
	{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the [[~~Proto~~-Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}		{{Event\|Lasomo\|c. -4000\|Domestication of cattle in the [[Bwimbai]] valley. Probably by the Proto-[[Macro-Edastean languages\|Macro-Edastean]]-speaking people}}
	{{Event\|Mrisanfa\|c. -4000\|Pre-Peninsular people settles the Peninsular.}}		{{Event\|Mrisanfa\|c. -4000\|Pre-Peninsular people settles the Peninsular.}}

	~~= -4000 – -3000 =~~
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -4000–-3600\|Beginnings of [[Ngauro]] civilization in [[Kasca\|Kasadgad]].}}
	{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}		{{Event\|Kasca\|c. -3800\|Invention of bronze by the Ngauro.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3500\|[[Proto-Western]]ers domesticate the pig.}}
			{{Event\|\|c. -3500\|The [[Proto-Hitatc]] in the Ici Forest.}}
	{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}		{{Event\|WTuysafa\|c. -3500–-3000\|[[Ultimundic]] peoples (presumably descended from the Canoe Culture) reach Tuysáfa.}}
	{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}		{{Event\|WCorridor\|c. -3200\|Domestication of the horse by [[Western languages\|Western]] peoples.}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:39, 5 November 2026
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	3. Vowel breaking creates rising diphthongs: /æ/ ➝ /jɛ/; /e/ ➝ /jə/; /o/ ➝ /wə/. If another vowel follows, then /e/ ➝ /jəj/; /o/➝ /wəw/.<br>		3. Vowel breaking creates rising diphthongs: /æ/ ➝ /jɛ/; /e/ ➝ /jə/; /o/ ➝ /wə/. If another vowel follows, then /e/ ➝ /jəj/; /o/➝ /wəw/.<br>
	4. Monophthongization of falling diphthongs: /iə/ ➝ /i:/; /uw uə/ ➝ /u:/; /aw aə/ ➝ /a:/; /ɔw ɔə/ ➝ /ɔ:/; /ɛw ɛə/ ➝ /ɛ:/; /uj/ ➝ /y:/; /əw əə/ ➝ /ə:/.<br>		4. Monophthongization of falling diphthongs: /iə/ ➝ /i:/; /uw uə/ ➝ /u:/; /aw aə/ ➝ /a:/; /ɔw ɔə/ ➝ /ɔ:/; /ɛw ɛə/ ➝ /ɛ:/; /uj/ ➝ /y:/; /əw əə/ ➝ /ə:/.<br>
	5. /i/ before another vowel reduces to /j/, and /u/ reduces to /w/.<br>		5. High-vowel Desyllabication: /i/ before another vowel reduces to /j/, and /u/ reduces to /w/.<br>
	6. /j/, including any new /j/ from the preceding changes, is deleted when following a postalveolar.<br>		6. /j/, including any new /j/ from the preceding changes, is deleted when following a postalveolar.<br>
	7. Single consonants are geminated after stressed short vowels. The gemination occurs consistently in content words, but is usually blocked in functional words and auxiliaries.<br>		7. The Great Gemination: Single consonants are geminated after stressed short vowels. The gemination occurs consistently in content words, but is usually blocked in functional words and auxiliaries.<br>
	8. Intervocalic single /g/ becomes /j/, while the geminate remains /gg/~~.<br>~~		8. Intervocalic single /g/ becomes /j/, while the geminate remains /gg/, and intervocalic single /f/ becomes /v/, while the geminate remains /ff/.<br>
	~~9. Intervocalic~~ single /f/ becomes /v/, while the geminate remains /ff/.<br>		9. Final /h/, /f/ are lost.<br>
	10. Final /h/, /f/ are lost.<br>
	<br>		<br>
	''Southern Fáralo to Namɨdu ca. 1100''.<br>		''Southern Fáralo to Namɨdu ca. 1100''.<br>
Line 44:		Line 43:
	18. All coda /l/ velarizes to [ɫ], as does /l/ after a consonant and before a back vowel. Geminate /ll/ is pronounced [ɫɫ].<br>		18. All coda /l/ velarizes to [ɫ], as does /l/ after a consonant and before a back vowel. Geminate /ll/ is pronounced [ɫɫ].<br>
	19. /ə/ merges with /a/; the new phoneme is pronounced [ɐ] in final position and [a] otherwise. /ə:/ becomes /a:/.<br>		19. /ə/ merges with /a/; the new phoneme is pronounced [ɐ] in final position and [a] otherwise. /ə:/ becomes /a:/.<br>
	20. Long vowels ~~simplify~~: /a:/ ➝ /a/; /ɛ:/ ➝ /ɛ/; /ɔ:/ ➝ /ɔ/; /i: u: y:/ ➝ /ɨ/.<br>		20. Long vowels simplification: /a:/ ➝ /a/; /ɛ:/ ➝ /ɛ/; /ɔ:/ ➝ /ɔ/; /i: u: y:/ ➝ /ɨ/.<br>
	21. Various cluster modifications: Any sequence of /jw/ or /wj/ becomes a front rounded glide /ɥ/. /st/ reduces to /s/ (finally) or /ss/ (medially); it remains initially. /sk/ also becomes /s/ finally but remains otherwise; /sts/ is unaffected. /ñl/ becomes /ññ/, and /ñw/ becomes /ñɥ/, but velar [ŋɫ] remains as such.<br>		21. Various cluster modifications: Any sequence of /jw/ or /wj/ becomes a front rounded glide /ɥ/. /st/ reduces to /s/ (finally) or /ss/ (medially); it remains initially. /sk/ also becomes /s/ finally but remains otherwise; /sts/ is unaffected. /ñl/ becomes /ññ/, and /ñw/ becomes /ñɥ/, but velar [ŋɫ] remains as such.<br>
	22. /rw lw/ simpify to /r l/ in the standard dialect; both to [ʒ] in the [[Toło]] dialect.<br>		22. /rw lw/ simpify to /r l/ in the standard dialect; both to [ʒ] in the [[Toło]] dialect.<br>