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http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Proto-Western/Lexicon
Proto-Western/Lexicon
2012-03-13T19:56:58Z
<p>Dewrad: /* Lexicon */ adding a word for womb.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{commentbox|Written by [[User:Dewrad|Dewrad]].}}<br />
Following is the Proto-Western lexicon as it currently stands, at 327 words. Of course, as more words are added to the lexicon, be they new roots or derived from existing ones, this page will be updated. Nominals and verbs are both given in their citation forms- the unmarked absolutive singular for the former and the bare root for the latter. Where a nominal is followed by a hyphen, this indicates that the nominal in question obligatorily takes a classifier.<br />
<br />
====Abbreviations====<br />
This lexicon makes use of the following abbreviations as guides to parts of speech:<br />
<br />
{| {{softtable}}<br />
|-<br />
| v.it<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| v.mt<br />
| monotransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| v.dt<br />
| ditransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| n<br />
| nominal<br />
|-<br />
| n.ip<br />
| inalienably possessed nominal<br />
|-<br />
| n.coll<br />
| collective nominal<br />
|-<br />
| adv<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| pre<br />
| adjectival prefix<br />
|-<br />
| pp<br />
| postposition<br />
|-<br />
| par<br />
| particle<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Lexicon==<br />
<br />
{| {{softtable}}<br />
! Proto-Western !! part of speech !! gloss<br />
|-<br />
| '''bakʰe''' || ''n'' || holiness<br />
|-<br />
| '''bebesa''' || ''mt'' || split<br />
|-<br />
| '''bẽdza''' || ''mt'' || know<br />
|-<br />
| '''besa''' || ''mt'' || cut<br />
|-<br />
| '''besadzũ''' || ''n'' || knife<br />
|-<br />
| '''błama''' || ''it'' || fart<br />
|-<br />
| '''blũła''' || ''ip'' || belly<br />
|-<br />
| '''ca''' || ''par'' || and<br />
|-<br />
| '''caca''' || ''par'' || moreover<br />
|-<br />
| '''cał''' || ''par'' || also<br />
|-<br />
| '''čeka''' || ''it'' || sit<br />
|-<br />
| '''čekadza''' || ''mt'' || seat<br />
|-<br />
| '''čelda''' || ''mt'' || see<br />
|-<br />
| '''čełdza''' || ''n'' || heart<br />
|-<br />
| '''čʰe-''' || ''n'' || that over there (visible)<br />
|-<br />
| '''čʰekʰã''' || ''n'' || earth<br />
|-<br />
| '''čʰepʰu''' || ''n'' || deer<br />
|-<br />
| '''čʰilpu''' || ''ip'' || arm<br />
|-<br />
| '''čʰiłta''' || ''dt'' || teach<br />
|-<br />
| '''cʰuy''' || ''adv'' || yesterday<br />
|-<br />
| '''čika-''' || ''pre'' || yellow<br />
|-<br />
| '''činu-''' || ''pre'' || full<br />
|-<br />
| '''čiye''' || ''mt'' || want<br />
|-<br />
| '''cuba''' || ''n'' || fruit<br />
|-<br />
| '''cupʰu''' || ''mt'' || itch, irritate<br />
|-<br />
| '''cupʰudaya''' || ''n'' || louse<br />
|-<br />
| '''da-''' || ''n'' || that near you<br />
|-<br />
| '''dãbu-''' || ''pre'' || thick<br />
|-<br />
| '''dadłe''' || ''n'' || here<br />
|-<br />
| '''dalã''' || ''it'' || swim, fly<br />
|-<br />
| '''daγa''' || ''it'' || shout<br />
|-<br />
| '''daγadza''' || ''mt'' || call to<br />
|-<br />
| '''dła''' || ''pp'' || for<br />
|-<br />
| '''dłeʔa''' || ''n'' || land<br />
|-<br />
| '''dłeʔka''' || ''n'' || tribe<br />
|-<br />
| '''dłũ-''' || ''pre'' || long<br />
|-<br />
| '''dudže''' || ''n'' || sky<br />
|-<br />
| '''duk''' || ''par'' || therefore<br />
|-<br />
| '''duγa-''' || ''pre'' || good<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzači''' || ''mt'' || say<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzalã''' || ''mt'' || stab<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzaldayã''' || ''n'' || bird<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzaldayãʔu ʔilsa''' || ''ip'' || wing<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzama-''' || ''pre'' || red<br />
|-<br />
| '''dže''' || ''pp'' || through<br />
|-<br />
| '''dže-''' || ''n'' || this near me<br />
|-<br />
| '''džẽsa''' || ''mt'' || dance<br />
|-<br />
| '''džet''' || ''par'' || however<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzĩči-''' || ''pre'' || straight<br />
|-<br />
| '''džiña''' || ''ip'' || fingernail<br />
|-<br />
| '''džĩʔĩ''' || ''n'' || bee<br />
|-<br />
| '''džĩʔĩkʰa''' || ''n'' || honey, sweetness<br />
|-<br />
| '''džũbłi''' || ''ip'' || breast<br />
|-<br />
| '''dzupʰu''' || ''mt'' || gather, hunt, collect, fish<br />
|-<br />
| '''ka''' || ''pp'' || on behalf of<br />
|-<br />
| '''kaca''' || ''n'' || friend<br />
|-<br />
| '''kačʰa''' || ''pre'' || soil, make dirty<br />
|-<br />
| '''kačʰi-''' || ''pre'' || dirty<br />
|-<br />
| '''kamã''' || ''mt'' || fear<br />
|-<br />
| '''katʰa-''' || ''pre'' || correct<br />
|-<br />
| '''kãʔči''' || ''pp'' || towards<br />
|-<br />
| '''ke''' || ''pp'' || to<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰakʷʰa''' || ''it'' || laugh<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰakʷʰadza''' || ''mt'' || mock<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰalu''' || ''mt'' || tie, fasten<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰapa''' || ''n'' || tree<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰapacũ''' || ''n'' || forest<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰawa-''' || ''pre'' || narrow<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰaya''' || ''n'' || fire<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰayałacũ''' || ''n'' || ashes<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰayałpa''' || ''mt'' || burn<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰãʔa-''' || ''pre'' || black<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰeči''' || ''par'' || instead<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰełka''' || ''coll'' || stone<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰelna''' || ''n'' || horn<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰesa''' || ''n'' || dung<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰesałpa''' || ''it'' || defecate<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰetu''' || ''it'' || lie down<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰetudza''' || ''mt'' || place<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰeya''' || ''coll'' || soil<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰeyakʷi''' || ''coll'' || sand<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰeyasłũ''' || ''n'' || wall, rampart<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰeybu''' || ''n'' || worm<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰibła-''' || ''pre'' || dry<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰiña-''' || ''pre'' || together<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰiñã-''' || ''pre'' || thin<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰiñatʰa''' || ''mt'' || build, put together, create<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰułda''' || ''n'' || boat<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰulpa''' || ''mt'' || hunt<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʰulu''' || ''n'' || anus<br />
|-<br />
| '''kiʔka''' || ''adv'' || continuously<br />
|-<br />
| '''kłače''' || ''n'' || mix<br />
|-<br />
| '''kłãke''' || ''n'' || skin<br />
|-<br />
| '''kłama''' || ''coll'' || berries<br />
|-<br />
| '''kłephã''' || ''n'' || wild animal, game<br />
|-<br />
| '''kłutʰa-''' || ''pre'' || short<br />
|-<br />
| '''kluwa''' || ''ip'' || leg<br />
|-<br />
| '''kuda''' || ''it'' || sleep<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷadu''' || ''ip'' || tail<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷe''' || ''par'' || but<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷẽdu''' || ''ip'' || head<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷekʷu''' || ''mt'' || cook<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷela''' || ''n'' || child<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷi-''' || ''n'' || cataphoic stem<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷisa''' || ''mt'' || squeeze, press<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷisa''' || ''it'' || make felt<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷucu''' || ''pp'' || after, behind<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷułu''' || ''n'' || wolf<br />
|-<br />
| '''kʷeyta''' || ''ip'' || womb<br />
|-<br />
| '''kyupʰe''' || ''n'' || water<br />
|-<br />
| '''la''' || ''ip'' || husband<br />
|-<br />
| '''la''' || ''n'' || man<br />
|-<br />
| '''lãca''' || ''n'' || egg<br />
|-<br />
| '''lãca-''' || ''n'' || many<br />
|-<br />
| '''łakʷa-''' || ''pre'' || near<br />
|-<br />
| '''lalaña''' || ''mt'' || dig<br />
|-<br />
| '''lałka''' || ''ip'' || ear<br />
|-<br />
| '''lãma-''' || ''pre'' || warm<br />
|-<br />
| '''laña''' || ''mt'' || scratch<br />
|-<br />
| '''łãši''' || ''n'' || horse<br />
|-<br />
| '''lãsu''' || ''ip'' || back<br />
|-<br />
| '''lat''' || ''pp'' || under<br />
|-<br />
| '''laʔpa''' || ''mt'' || steal<br />
|-<br />
| '''łaγa''' || ''ip'' || eye<br />
|-<br />
| '''łãγa''' || ''n'' || spirit<br />
|-<br />
| '''łãγa''' || ''ip'' || soul<br />
|-<br />
| '''łãγlawa''' || ''n'' || priest<br />
|-<br />
| '''laγʷa''' || ''n'' || smoke<br />
|-<br />
| '''leypʰa''' || ''mt'' || wipe<br />
|-<br />
| '''łina''' || ''n'' || lake<br />
|-<br />
| '''łiya''' || ''n'' || snake<br />
|-<br />
| '''łiyałpa''' || ''mt'' || heal<br />
|-<br />
| '''lũma''' || ''nt'' || grind, mill<br />
|-<br />
| '''lumẽ''' || ''n'' || right, east<br />
|-<br />
| '''ma''' || ''n'' || place, location<br />
|-<br />
| '''madłi''' || ''n'' || bear<br />
|-<br />
| '''mãdzã''' || ''ip'' || nose<br />
|-<br />
| '''madže''' || ''n'' || sea<br />
|-<br />
| '''małka-''' || ''pre'' || sharp<br />
|-<br />
| '''maše''' || ''it'' || shine<br />
|-<br />
| '''Mašeγẽ''' || ''n'' || moon<br />
|-<br />
| '''mãsu-''' || ''pre'' || wide<br />
|-<br />
| '''maye-''' || ''pre'' || rotten<br />
|-<br />
| '''mẽca-''' || ''n'' || four<br />
|-<br />
| '''medza''' || ''n'' || dog<br />
|-<br />
| '''mek''' || ''pp'' || by means of<br />
|-<br />
| '''melã''' || ''pp'' || along<br />
|-<br />
| '''mełi''' || ''ip'' || tongue<br />
|-<br />
| '''meʔšu''' || ''mt'' || sew<br />
|-<br />
| '''mẽγu''' || ''n'' || sheep<br />
|-<br />
| '''mĩkʷa-''' || ''pre'' || wet<br />
|-<br />
| '''mina''' || ''ip'' || mother<br />
|-<br />
| '''miña''' || ''adv'' || the day before yesterday<br />
|-<br />
| '''mu''' || ''adv'' || completely<br />
|-<br />
| '''na''' || ''n'' || I<br />
|-<br />
| '''nãbu''' || ''it'' || think<br />
|-<br />
| '''nače-''' || ''pre'' || tame<br />
|-<br />
| '''nadũ''' || ''n'' || left, west<br />
|-<br />
| '''nadže''' || ''adv'' || rarely<br />
|-<br />
| '''ñałdu-''' || ''pre'' || dull, blunt<br />
|-<br />
| '''nałtu-''' || ''n'' || three<br />
|-<br />
| '''nat''' || ''pp'' || above<br />
|-<br />
| '''ñaye''' || ''adv'' || frequently<br />
|-<br />
| '''naʔu''' || ''pp'' || up<br />
|-<br />
| '''nãγu''' || ''ip'' || foot<br />
|-<br />
| '''ñeši-''' || ''pre'' || smooth<br />
|-<br />
| '''neγla-''' || ''pre'' || white<br />
|-<br />
| '''nipʰa''' || ''n'' || fog<br />
|-<br />
| '''pãta''' || ''it'' || find one's way<br />
|-<br />
| '''pãtadzũ''' || ''n'' || road, path<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰã''' || ''par'' || then, next<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰa-''' || ''n'' || everyone, everything, all<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰala''' || ''it'' || swell, grow, become tumescent<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰala-''' || ''pre'' || far<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰapʰaʔta''' || ''mt'' || shoot, hurl as a weapon (note that the DO of this verb is always what is being shot (arrow, spear), not what is being shot a)<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰaʔta''' || ''mt'' || throw<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰẽla''' || ''n'' || cloud<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰełi''' || ''n'' || tree bark<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰeyi''' || ''n'' || seed<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰita-''' || ''pre'' || small<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰiwa''' || ''it'' || breathe, blow<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰiwadza''' || ''mt'' || inflate<br />
|-<br />
| '''pʰuda''' || ''n'' || chief<br />
|-<br />
| '''plãka-''' || ''pre'' || new<br />
|-<br />
| '''plama''' || ''n'' || flower<br />
|-<br />
| '''pława''' || ''it'' || walk<br />
|-<br />
| '''pławaʔadzu''' || ''it'' || walk away<br />
|-<br />
| '''sa''' || ''n'' || we<br />
|-<br />
| '''sabaya''' || ''mt'' || fight<br />
|-<br />
| '''sãk''' || ''pp'' || inside<br />
|-<br />
| '''sałtĩ''' || ''adv'' || surprisingly<br />
|-<br />
| '''saw''' || ''par'' || or<br />
|-<br />
| '''sayi''' || ''n'' || night<br />
|-<br />
| '''še''' || ''pp'' || down<br />
|-<br />
| '''šešewa''' || ''n'' || star<br />
|-<br />
| '''šẽta''' || ''mt'' || sing<br />
|-<br />
| '''šeʔtaʔadza''' || ''it'' || flow away<br />
|-<br />
| '''šeʔtaʔiłca''' || ''it'' || flow towards<br />
|-<br />
| '''ši-''' || ''n'' || two<br />
|-<br />
| '''šĩda''' || ''n'' || webbing between the fingers, palm<br />
|-<br />
| '''šĩdałpa''' || ''mt'' || count<br />
|-<br />
| '''šikã''' || ''it'' || stand<br />
|-<br />
| '''šikãdza''' || ''mt'' || stick in the ground<br />
|-<br />
| '''šiwka''' || ''it'' || float<br />
|-<br />
| '''šiwkaʔadza''' || ''it'' || float downstream<br />
|-<br />
| '''sudła''' || ''adv'' || tomorrow<br />
|-<br />
| '''sũla-''' || ''pre'' || round<br />
|-<br />
| '''šuwa''' || ''ip'' || guts<br />
|-<br />
| '''ta''' || ''n'' || you<br />
|-<br />
| '''tabe''' || ''pp'' || on, at<br />
|-<br />
| '''taka''' || ''n'' || grass<br />
|-<br />
| '''takadłe''' || ''n'' || grassland, plain<br />
|-<br />
| '''takala''' || ''n'' || rope<br />
|-<br />
| '''takʷa-''' || ''n'' || one<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰa''' || ''mt'' || do, make<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰa-''' || ''n'' || that over there (invisible)<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰãbu''' || ''it'' || fall<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰãda-''' || ''pre'' || cold<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰadłe''' || ''n'' || there<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰatʰa''' || ''mt'' || use<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰawa''' || ''mt'' || bend<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰawdzũ''' || ''ip'' || knee<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰaya''' || ''n'' || milk<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰẽʔpi''' || ''n'' || daughter<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰuba''' || ''n'' || root<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰũdu''' || ''mt'' || have sex with<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰula''' || ''n'' || wool<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰunã''' || ''ip'' || head of the family, father<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰunyaʔã''' || ''ip'' || uncle, brother, eldest son of the head of the family<br />
|-<br />
| '''tʰuya''' || ''mt'' || become<br />
|-<br />
| '''tłãtłã''' || ''adv'' || repeatedly<br />
|-<br />
| '''tletle''' || ''it'' || prepare leather<br />
|-<br />
| '''tletle''' || ''mt'' || rub<br />
|-<br />
| '''tłupʰe''' || ''mt'' || find, discover<br />
|-<br />
| '''tłuwa''' || ''n'' || blood<br />
|-<br />
| '''tuca''' || ''n'' || house, home<br />
|-<br />
| '''tupi-''' || ''n'' || few<br />
|-<br />
| '''tyaša''' || ''coll'' || hair<br />
|-<br />
| '''wači-''' || ''pre'' || steep<br />
|-<br />
| '''wadže''' || ''it'' || die<br />
|-<br />
| '''wadžedza''' || ''mt'' || kill<br />
|-<br />
| '''walca''' || ''mt'' || hit<br />
|-<br />
| '''wapʰa''' || ''coll'' || beans<br />
|-<br />
| '''watya''' || ''adv'' || the day after tomorrow<br />
|-<br />
| '''wecu''' || ''mt'' || eat vegetables<br />
|-<br />
| '''weta''' || ''it'' || turn<br />
|-<br />
| '''wetłu''' || ''n'' || liver<br />
|-<br />
| '''wetweʔnã''' || ''n'' || next year<br />
|-<br />
| '''weʔnã''' || ''n'' || year<br />
|-<br />
| '''ya-''' || ''n'' || anaphoric stem<br />
|-<br />
| '''yãbu''' || ''ip'' || mouth<br />
|-<br />
| '''yãbułpa''' || ''mt'' || suck<br />
|-<br />
| '''yada-''' || ''pre'' || old<br />
|-<br />
| '''yaka''' || ''it'' || play<br />
|-<br />
| '''yãki''' || ''n'' || river<br />
|-<br />
| '''Yama''' || ''n'' || sun<br />
|-<br />
| '''yamayaʔa''' || ''n'' || human<br />
|-<br />
| '''yãsa''' || ''n'' || meat<br />
|-<br />
| '''yaši''' || ''mt'' || hold, own, marry<br />
|-<br />
| '''yatʰa''' || ''mt'' || tend, garden<br />
|-<br />
| '''yatʰapa''' || ''n'' || garden<br />
|-<br />
| '''ye''' || ''par'' || not<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeca''' || ''par'' || and not<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeči''' || ''n'' || arrow<br />
|-<br />
| '''yedza''' || ''mt'' || push<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeku''' || ''mt'' || eat meat<br />
|-<br />
| '''yekʷe''' || ''par'' || but not<br />
|-<br />
| '''yelu-''' || ''n'' || other<br />
|-<br />
| '''yema''' || ''it'' || row<br />
|-<br />
| '''yesaw''' || ''par'' || nor<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeʔadzu''' || ''it'' || leave<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeʔiłca''' || ''it'' || come<br />
|-<br />
| '''yeʔiłcadza''' || ''mt'' || pull<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔadya''' || ''mt'' || fear<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔakʷa''' || ''it'' || rain<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔałpa''' || ''n'' || anger, rage<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔałpadza''' || ''mt'' || anger <br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔału''' || ''mt'' || smell<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔama''' || ''pp'' || with<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔašẽ''' || ''ip'' || wife<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔašẽ''' || ''n'' || woman<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔẽda''' || ''dt'' || give<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔel''' || ''par'' || because<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔẽta''' || ''n'' || feather<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔey''' || ''pp'' || if<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔičʰa''' || ''mt'' || fish<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔida-''' || ''pre'' || slow<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔiłma''' || ''pp'' || without<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔilsa''' || ''ip'' || hand<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔĩye''' || ''n'' || name<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔudza-''' || ''n'' || five<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔũta''' || ''ip'' || tooth<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔũtałpa''' || ''mt'' || bite<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔuwa''' || ''n'' || vomit<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔuwałpa''' || ''it'' || vomit<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔuya''' || ''n'' || pain<br />
|-<br />
| '''ʔuyadza''' || ''mt'' || cause pain<br />
|-<br />
| '''γãdže-''' || ''pre'' || big<br />
|-<br />
| '''γalši''' || ''ip'' || neck<br />
|-<br />
| '''γaña''' || ''n'' || leaf<br />
|-<br />
| '''γaw''' || ''pp'' || outside<br />
|-<br />
| '''γaʔle''' || ''coll'' || salt<br />
|-<br />
| '''γedže''' || ''it'' || run<br />
|-<br />
| '''γelši''' || ''n'' || fat, grease<br />
|-<br />
| '''γema-''' || ''pre'' || bad<br />
|-<br />
| '''γipa-''' || ''n'' || some<br />
|-<br />
| '''γiše''' || ''n'' || day<br />
|-<br />
| '''γĩwa''' || ''n'' || pine<br />
|-<br />
| '''γiya''' || ''mt'' || hear<br />
|-<br />
| '''γlaʔta''' || ''mt'' || milk<br />
|-<br />
| '''γłuna-''' || ''pre'' || green<br />
|-<br />
| '''γuči''' || ''n'' || fish<br />
|-<br />
| '''γũka''' || ''n'' || pig<br />
|-<br />
| '''γulši''' || ''coll'' || millet<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷałka''' || ''n'' || spit<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷałkałpa''' || ''it'' || spit<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷałki''' || ''mt'' || wash<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷãsu''' || ''n'' || bone<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷeku-''' || ''pre'' || quick<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷekudu''' || ''n'' || eagle<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷełbu''' || ''n'' || slave<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷeley''' || ''n'' || mountain<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷeye''' || ''n'' || hill<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷibe''' || ''mt'' || drink<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷĩta''' || ''n'' || wind<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷiwa''' || ''it'' || live, be alive<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷiwadza''' || ''mt'' || give birth to, engender<br />
|-<br />
| '''γʷuye-''' || ''pre'' || heavy<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Derivational morphology==<br />
<br />
{| {{softtable}}<br />
| Yeah, I know examples would help.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Reconstructing a secure set of derivational morphemes is somewhat difficult, as the daughter languages innovated considerably in this area. However, we can identify twenty-one morphemes which we can be relatively certain that they were productive in the protolanguage. In the following list, ''V'' represents a vowel identical to the final vowel of the base word's stem, e.g. '''yãki''' + '''-ʔayV-''' > '''yãkiʔayi'''.<br />
<br />
{| {{softtable}}<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| '''-ʔayV-'''<br />
| Derives a stative verb from a nominal. <!--See <a href="proto.htm#3.4">section 3.4</a> for more details.--><br />
|-<br />
| '''-łpa-'''<br />
| Derives a non-stative verb from a nominal, whose meaning is related to the base.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-dayV-'''<br />
| Derives animate agent-nouns from verbs.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-dzũ-'''<br />
| Added to verbs, this suffix produces a nominal indicating the tool by which the base process is carried out.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-γʷĩ-'''<br />
| Nominalises verbs. <!--See <a href="proto.htm#3.2.2">section 3.2.2</a>.--><br />
|-<br />
| '''-ła-'''<br />
| Added to verbs, this produces a nominal indicating the result of a verb.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-cu-'''<br />
| This derives adverbs from nominals and verbs.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-dza-'''<br />
<br />
| This suffix increases the valence of a verb by one- creating causatives and transitives.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-ʔiłca-'''<br />
| This suffix indicates that the motion of the root is towards the "focus" point (which is often, but not always, the speaker).<br />
|-<br />
| '''-ʔadzu-'''<br />
| This suffix indicates the opposite of the preceding, motion ''away'' from the focus point.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-tu-'''<br />
| This suffix derives nominals from other nominals, the resulting word being an abstract nominal. Something like English -''ness''.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-kʰa-'''<br />
| Added to nominals, this suffix produces nominals which have a relation in some way to the base word.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-słu-'''<br />
| Added to nominals, this suffix indicates an object which is made of the referent of the base word.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-γẽ-'''<br />
| Derives nominals indicating location, either the location of an action or another nominal.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-du-'''<br />
| Derives augmentive/honorific nominals.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-kʷi-'''<br />
| Derives diminutives.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-lawV-'''<br />
| Added to nominals, this suffix produces nominals referring to people who have a connection in some way to the base word.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-la-'''&nbsp;and&nbsp;'''-cũ-'''<br />
| Both of these suffixes derived nominals indicating a collection of bases. The two seem to have been interchangeable, although it has been theorised that originally '''-cũ-''' was restricted to edible nouns.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-kĩ-'''<br />
| Derived the female equivalent of a masculine base nominal.<br />
|-<br />
| '''-yaʔV-'''<br />
| Added to nominals, this suffix indicates a descendant or offspring of the base.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Western languages|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lexicography]]</div>
Dewrad
http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndok_Aiso
Ndok Aiso
2009-06-09T21:54:30Z
<p>Dewrad: Redirecting to Ndok Aisô</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Ndok Aisô]]</div>
Dewrad
http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Adata
Adata
2009-06-09T21:53:50Z
<p>Dewrad: Redirecting to Adāta</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Adāta]]</div>
Dewrad
http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ad%C4%81ta/Lexicon
Adāta/Lexicon
2009-06-09T21:51:58Z
<p>Dewrad: added POS info</p>
<hr />
<div>The following is the [http://deinioljones.net/conlangs/adata/lexicon.htm Adata lexicon] written out in IPA, with missing items added from [http://www.geocities.com/low_zl/ayasthi/adata-lexicon.csv.txt this .csv], with stress added by comparison with the the .csv, with part of speech added by comparison with the [[Ndak_Ta/Lexicon|Ndak Ta lexicon.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{| {{bluetable|lightbluebg sortable l}} <br />
|- <br />
! word<br />
! part&nbsp;of&nbsp;speech<br />
! gloss<br />
! etymology<br />
|-<br />
|ˈababu || n. || illegitimate child || [abãbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaban || v. || sin || [abã]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈbaːn || n. || swamp || [abãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabaro || n. || bark || [mbãro]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈbeː || adv. || leftward || [mbai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabel || adj. || virile || [mbel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabesa || adj. || neat || [mbesta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabi || v. || say || [mbi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabja || n. || bloom || [abbwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabibo || adj. || evil || [mbibo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabiːki || adj. || necessary || [mbiski]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːbiːra || v. || explode || [albitra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabiza || n. || public place, market || [mbi+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabize || v. || sing || [mbĩbwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabizebu || n. || singer || [mbĩbwebu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabod || n. || colour || [mbod]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabop || n. || music || [mbop]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabopa || adj. || enough || [mbopm]<br />
|-<br />
|aboˈruːl || v. || be careful || [mboraul]<br />
|-<br />
|aboˈtʰeː || n. || seed || [mbontai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabuje || v. || hold || [mbunwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabuːmu || n. || offal || [mbusmu "belly"]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈbuːr || adj. || short || [mbãur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabura || v. || decide || [mbura]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈabuza || adv. || recently || [mbubwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadalida || n. || energy || [ndalidn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadapi || adj. || smart || [ndapi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadaza || adj. || dirty || [ndabwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈade || v. || touch || [nde]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈdeː || n. || tree || [ndai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadenan || v. || live || [ndenam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadepeː || v. || gather || [ndepes]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadeːret || v. || shout || [ndegret]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadezu || adj. || safe || [ndẽwu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadja || adj. || dark || [adwa]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈdoːtin || n. || heathen || [ndautin "unholy"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadulaba || v. || arrange || [ndulabm]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈduːn || adj. || pure || [ndaun]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈduːnaː || n. || girl || [adūna "pure" + -ā < asa "woman"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaja || adv. || moderately || [ambwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːja || n. || corral || [ain+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːja || n. || hole (in the ground) || [wats+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːja || n. || snake || [aimwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈajeː || n. || war || [aŋài]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈajuko || v. || lie || [ŋguko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈajukobu || n. || liar || [nggukobu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈajuːloː || n. || marketplace || [ngguklau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaka || n. || wind || [ãka]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈakaːran || n. || enemy || [m "not" + G. kasran "friendly"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈakasa || v. || continue || [ngkasta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈakeː || n. || egg || [ŋkai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaket || v. || wilt || [ngket]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːkʰoː || adj. || wrong || [aiŋgàu "crooked"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈalen || v. || split || [alen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈali || n. || fire || [ali]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaliza || n. || hearth, fireplace || [ali+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈalizadu || n. || temple || [ali "fire" + -ja "place of" + -du "honorific"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːloː || n. || reception hall || [ablau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːlu || adj. || ugly || [aklu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈami || n. || fly || [ammi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːmod || v. || walk || [abmod]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːn || v. || to farm || [ain]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːnabu || n. || keepsake || [aitnabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːnan || adj. || dry || [asnàn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaneː || adj. || empty || [anai]<br />
|-<br />
|aːˈneː || adj. || common || [alngai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːnja || v. || fly || [alnia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːpaba || v. || melt || [ailpabm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapaːkali || v. || assert, declare || [mpaskali]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈpaːlo || n. || pond || [mpaislau]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈpaːn || v. || cry || [mpaim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapax || adj. || far || [mpag]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈpaːza || n. || fish || [mpaiswa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈape || v. || sit || [mpe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapej || n. || fruit || [apwi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapelo || n. || rain || [mpẽlo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːpʰu || n. || country-dweller || [aimbu]<br />
|-<br />
|apiˈtoː || adj. || private || [mpitau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapoː || adv. || because of || [mpau]<br />
|-<br />
|aːˈpoː || v. || make || [alpau]<br />
|-<br />
|aːˈpoːbu || n. || creator, inventor || [alpaubu]<br />
|-<br />
|aːˈpoːza || n. || workshop || [alpau+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈapuːnin || n. || heretic || [mpurnin]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaraza || n. || dinner || [arãwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːremo || n. || wax || [akremo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːrida || v. || be horrified || [apridn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈasada || adv. || greatly || [ntsadn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈase || n. || blood || [ntse]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːseːra || adj. || normal || [ansetra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaseːtin || v. || discuss || [ntsertim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈata || v. || stop || [nta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈataloː || n. || funeral || [ntalau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈataːx || n. || forest || [ntãug]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈataːxewl || v. || rape || [atāx "forest" + eul "take"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatesa || v. || float || [ntetsn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatezan || n. || penis || [ntẽwã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːtʰa || n. || ashes || [ainda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatʰe || n. || to be || [ande]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːtʰe || adj. || feeble || [ainte]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːtʰi || n. || daytime || [airti]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːtʰiloː || n. || building in poor repair || [aindlau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatʰo || adj. || old || [anto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatitʰoza || n. || smithy || [ntindo+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatiza || adj. || TRUE || [ntia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːto || n. || wind || [altò]<br />
|-<br />
|aˈtoːjza || adj. || false || [ntausia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatomata || adj. || complex || [ntomatn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatupa || adj. || peaceful || [ntupa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatuːsa || v. || tell || [atulsa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaxam || adj. || audible || [nggam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaxazi || v. || put || [nggawi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaxeː || adv. || upward || [ŋgai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːxo || adj. || sweet || [algo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaxol || n. || foot || [ŋgol]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːza || n. || city-dweller || [arbwa "craftsman"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈazaze || v. || push || [mbwawe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaze || n. || stable || [abwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈazjo || v. || hope || [awio]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈazoːnoda || v. || thunder || [abwodnodn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈazura || adj. || unusual || [mbwura]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbaːbu || n. || casualty (of battle) || [balbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbaːbu || n. || owner || [bãrbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbad || adj. || confusing || [bad "cultured"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbaːl || v. || burp || [bãil]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbal || v. || lie || [bal]<br />
|-<br />
|baˈneː || v. || pray || [banai]<br />
|-<br />
|baˈneːloː || n. || heathen temple || [banailau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbapʰi || v. || fail || [bambi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbapʰoja || n. || centre, core || [bambor+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbapʰor || n. || strength || [bambor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbapu || n. || root || [bãpu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbare || v. || have, own || [bãre]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbasa || n. || staff || [batsn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbasi || adj. || careful || [basti]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbatʰoro || n. || early meal || [bandoro]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbaxa || adj. || rough || [bagŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbeːpi || v. || punish || [bespi]<br />
|-<br />
|beˈpuːn || adj. || insufficient || [bekwãu]<br />
|-<br />
|beːˈreː || n. || leg || [baitrai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbetʰut || adj. || tight || [bendut]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbipʰo || v. || rub || [bimbo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈboː || adv. || again || [bau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈboda || cj. || either/or || [boda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbokʰa || n. || back || [boŋga]<br />
|-<br />
|boːˈleː || n. || soil || [baulai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbora || v. || nurse || [bora]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbot || adj. || same || [bot]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbotʰu || v. || stab || [bontu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbujae || v. || wound, hurt, injure || [bungie]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbujaza || v. || reward/bless || [bungia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbuːkʰoːs || n. || pine-trees || [G. gwaunkhōs]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbuːna || v. || listen || [budna]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbuːnabu || n. || spy || [budnabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbuzis || adj. || chilly || [bubwits "warm"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaː || v. || fight || [das]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːd || adv. || this year || [daid]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdado || adj. || male || [dado]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaj || n. || goddess || [dasi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdal || cj. || but || [dal]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːloː || n. || argument, disagreement || [daslau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːmit || v. || host, hold, present || [dalmit]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdamoː || n. || city-state, capital city || [G. da "land" + mos "city"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːn || n. || mountain || [daiŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːpu || n. || warrior || [daspu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaren || v. || warn || [darem]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdaːsur || n. || honey || [dalsur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdej || n. || finger || [deŋi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdejoː || adj. || good || [G. digos]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdejze || v. || please || [dengie]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdeka || adj. || numinous || [dẽka]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdeki || v. || hate || [deki]<br />
|-<br />
|deːˈmeː || v. || shave || [depmai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdeːmoːbu || n. || hunter || [desmogbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdeːmox || v. || hunt || [desmog]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdene || n. || reason || [dene]<br />
|-<br />
|deˈneː || v. || punish || [denai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdepʰi || n. || child || [dempi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdikon || n. || thing || [dikon]<br />
|-<br />
|diːˈoː || adj. || usual || [disau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdipʰaja || n. || closet, storage room || [dimbang+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdipʰan || v. || store, put away || [dimbang]<br />
|-<br />
|diˈpʰoː || n. || fat || [dimbau]<br />
|-<br />
|diˈteː || adj. || possible || [ditai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdizaka || n. || king || [diàka]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdizakaː || n. || queen || [diàka + -asa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdizakalas || n. || land, country || [diàkalats "king-land"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdizedel || v. || bribe || [diedel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdizoba || v. || imagine || [dioba]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdodo || v. || weary || [dodo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdoːtin || adj. || holy || [dautin]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdoːzeː || adj. || white || [dauwai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdozo || v. || grumble, mutter || [dowo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈduan || v. || regret || [dusam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈduja || v. || praise || [dungwi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈduːko || n. || bitter (emotion) || [dutko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈdupʰo || v. || smell || [dumbo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeab || v. || choke || [esab]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːab || n. || man || [aisab "husband"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈebapʰi || v. || be humorous || [ebambi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːbo || v. || rest || [erbo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːboza || n. || tavern || [erbo+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈedaki || n. || mistress || [G. edo "lord" + aki "-ess"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːdeː || v. || need || [ãidai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːj || n. || snow || [aise]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːj || v. || colour, paint || [aisi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeja || n. || kink, knot || [em+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeja || v. || use || [imbwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈejabu || n. || instrument, means || [imbwabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːjbu || n. || artist, painter || [aisibu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈejel || n. || west || [emwel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeken || v. || walk ->hobble, limp || [ekeng]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈekʰa || n. || domestic animal || [eŋka]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈekʰaza || n. || animal den || [engka+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈekʰu || v. || kill || [eŋku]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈekʰubu || n. || murderer || [engkubu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːkida || v. || cook || [eskidn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːkiːnabu || n. || cook || [eskidnabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːkiːnaza || n. || kitchen || [eskidnalau]<br />
|-<br />
|eːˈlaːn || n. || ball || [eplain]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈelaːra || v. || urge || [ẽlakra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːle || v. || pour || [eslẽ]<br />
|-<br />
|eːˈloː || n. || flower || [ailàu]<br />
|-<br />
|eˈmoː || adj. || loose || [emau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈen || v. || turn || [em]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːn || n. || manner, method, way || [etsn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːna || adv. || downward || [aina]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈenaːno || v. || be self-destructive || [enarno]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈenatʰa || v. || feel, sense || [enànda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːnazapa || v. || strike || [aina "down" + wapa "hit"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːni || n. || hair || [aini]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeno || adj. || bitter (flavor) || [eno]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈenos || v. || be sick || [enots]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈepʰi || n. || grass || [ampi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈepʰur || v. || swim || [embur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːpi || v. || freeze || [aipi]<br />
|-<br />
|epjˈaːp || adj. || light, not heavy || [epwaip]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːpu || n. || frost || [aipu]<br />
|-<br />
|eːˈraːb || v. || describe || [ebraib]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːran || v. || scratch || [egran]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeratʰe || v. || fall down, be drunk || [erande]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeratʰo || v. || listen || [eranto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeren || v. || be dysfunctional || [erem]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːri || v. || destroy || [ebri]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːribu || v. || conqueror || [ebribu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːriza || n. || ruins || [ebri+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈesaː || v. || change || [estasa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈesela || v. || burn || [estela]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈesen || v. || act/behave || [etsen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːsu || v. || promise || [aitsu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːta || v. || hold || [aitn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈetʰu || v. || fall || [endu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈetʰur || v. || cook || [G. enthur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈetutu || v. || suffice || [etutu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈewl || v. || take || [esul]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈeːxe || adj. || clean || [elge]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈezopʰo || v. || lose, misplace || [ewompo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈgamun || n. || cumin || [Xšali gamun]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhab || v. || drink || [sab]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhakis || n. || garlic || [G. sakits]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhalaːpu || v. || dispose of, throw away || [salatpu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːlena || adj. || public || [sanlena]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaloː || n. || butcher's shop || [salau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːlo || adj. || rich-tasting || [sadlo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːmaː || v. || crown || [sasamas]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːmi || v. || force || [sapmi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːnedja || n. || village || [G. saignedja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhapaba || v. || lift || [sãpabm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːpʰo || adj. || alone || [saimpo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhapun || v. || derive from || [sapum]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaːsa || n. || tube, pipe || [sarsã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhatʰa || adj. || legal || [santa]<br />
|-<br />
|haˈtʰoː || adj. || illegal || [santau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheː || adj. || female || [sai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheː || adj. || blue || [sai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheja || n. || space, room, area || [sim+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheːkon || adj. || hostile || [selkon]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhema || v. || wait || [sema]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhemaza || n. || queue, stack || [sema+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhemen || v. || deny || [semen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhepen || v. || murmur, mumble || [sepen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhete || adj. || organized || [sẽte]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheːwn || n. || left || [saisung]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈheːzo || n. || hammer || [G. sēzo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhiːdaza || n. || debauchery || [sigda+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhideː || v. || jump || [sides]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhideːpu || n. || frog || [sidespu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhjeː || adj. || rotten || [simwai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhikada || n. || hurricane || [sikadn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhikida || v. || corrupt || [sikĩda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhin || n. || cloud || [sim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhin || adj. || lucky || [sim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhipʰor || v. || boil || [simbor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhiten || adj. || different || [sĩteng]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhizen || v. || prove || [sien]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhoː || n. || coast || [sau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhokʰo || v. || masturbate || [G. honkhoi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhonida || n. || gravesite || [sonĩda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhoniloː || n. || graveyard || [sonĩlau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhonulak || adj. || unclear || [sonulak]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhopʰiː || v. || defeat || [sompìs]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhuj || n. || mouse || [susi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhuj || v. || record || [susi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhujazar || v. || help || [sungiar]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhuːje || n. || water || [sauŋwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhujza || n. || library || [susi+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhumo || adj. || wrong || [sumo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhuzaːja || n. || sanctuary || [sungiar+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiː || adj. || sudden || [isi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjab || v. || be bold || [ngwisab]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaba || adj. || bad || [gibm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjabeːpil || n. || guilty party || [ngwibespil]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːbu || n. || sick person || [ngadbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjadeki || v. || be burned, scarred || [ngwideki]<br />
|-<br />
|jadeːˈmeː || v. || be unkempt || [ngwidepmai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaja || n. || bed || [ngat+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaja || adj. || tall || [gingwi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjajo || v. || laugh || [ŋaŋo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːjuda || v. || sneeze || [ngwargudn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjakʰo || adj. || hard || [giŋko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjakuk || v. || be hurried || [ngwikuk]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjal || adv. || very || [ŋal]<br />
|-<br />
|jamiːˈxeː || v. || thank || [ngwimidgai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjan || adj. || adult, mature || [ngã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːna || adj. || slow || [gilna]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjane || n. || neck || [ŋane]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjanon || v. || be unwelcome || [ngwinon]<br />
|-<br />
|jaˈpaːpʰul || adj. || frightening || [ngwipaingkwul]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjapʰu || adj. || sharp || [ŋimbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjapopu || adj. || socialize || [ngwipopu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːar || v. || whisper || [idgir]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːra || adj. || thick || [ŋabra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaraːzo || v. || be successful || [ngwiawio]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjari || v. || allow, permit || [isãri]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjarjoba || adj. || heavy || [mwarwobm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjasapʰi || adj. || owe || [ngwitsampi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːsi || n. || tool || [ngwartsi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjata || v. || sleep || [ŋata]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjatʰe || v. || carve || [ŋende]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjaːtiː || n. || prisoner || [ŋaktìs "slave"]<br />
|-<br />
|jatizaˈneː || n. || sire || [ngwitianai]<br />
|-<br />
|iˈdoː || n. || nobleman || [idãu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈidur || adj. || sour || [idur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjeː || v. || think || [ŋwãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjeːbu || n. || believer, follower || [ngwãibu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjeːde || v. || squirt, spurt || [ngwerde]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːen || v. || fold || [ibbwen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjepʰa || n. || toe || [ŋemba]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːke || adj. || equal || [iske]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈikʰotu || n. || ? livestock || [ingkotu .n livestock]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːki || adj. || black || [ilki]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːlana || v. || flood || [imlana]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːli || n. || north || [ibli]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːma || v. || sew || [isma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːmaza || n. || textile workshop || [isma+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|iˈmeː || n. || name || [imai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːmo || adj. || beautiful || [ilmo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈimu || n. || peak || [imu "head"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈina || v. || see || [ina]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjoː || n. || skin || [ŋwau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjoleː || adj. || full || [ŋwolãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjoːro || adj. || ancient || [ŋauro]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjoxa || adv. || backward || [ŋwogŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈipa || adj. || straight || [ikwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːpe || v. || touch || [ispe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈipʰak || v. || sense, perceive || [ingkwak]<br />
|-<br />
|iˈpʰeː || adj. || blind || [imbai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈipʰetʰa || adj. || cheerful || [imbenta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈipʰi || n. || liver || [iŋkwi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiːrik || v. || absorb || [igrik]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈiro || v. || open || [ro]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈisen || v. || lose (war or competition) || [isten]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈitʰa || v. || hang (non-execution) || [inta]<br />
|-<br />
|iˈtʰaːn || adv. || in favour of || [intaiŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈitʰun || n. || sea || [indùŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈitjan || n. || arm || [itwam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjua || v. || follow || [gua]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjuba || n. || life, survival || [gubm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjubab || v. || mark, make a mark on || [gubab]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjune || adj. || moderate || [ngune]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjuro || n. || guts, intestines || [guro]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjuːt || adj. || dull || [gaut]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈjutʰo || cj. || so || [gunto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈizen || adv. || well || [iwen]<br />
|-<br />
|iːˈzoː || n. || night || [iswau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːja || n. || religious school || [kaim+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkajl || v. || look (at) || [kasil]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːl || v. || don (clothing) || [kail]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːlas || n. || border || [kak "edge" + lats "land"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːnize || v. || avoid || [kasnie]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkapa || adv. || last year || [kapm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkapʰi || v. || announce || [kambi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːpʰu || n. || apprentice || [kaimbu]<br />
|-<br />
|kaːˈroː || n. || friend || [G. kas + -rau "friendly-man"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkasun || adj. || powerful || [kãtsum]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːtʰu || n. || slut || [kaindu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːtja || n. || gold || [G. kaitja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkaːtod || v. || greet || [kaktod]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkazjo || adj. || hopeless || [kawio]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkek || v. || throw || [kek]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkeːki || adj. || dangerous || [kelki]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkeːla || n. || scribe || [kenla]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkeːme || v. || learn || [kaime]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈken || v. || walk || [keŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|keˈnoː || v. || ask || [kenau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkepʰur || v. || be reckless || [kembur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkesuː || adj. || unsafe || [ketsus]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈketʰu || n. || sceptic || [kendu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkeːx || n. || anvil || [G. kēx "stone"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰaː || n. || shit || [G. khas "dung"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰeːnu || n. || light || [G. khēsnu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰjara || n. || assembly, council || [G. khiŋjara]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰiːrala || n. || book || [G. khiŋrala "poem", "composition"]<br />
|-<br />
|kʰoːˈkeː || n. || tin || [G. khōnkhai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰoːza || n. || grove || [G. khōja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰuːran || n. || olive || [G. khusram]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkibeː || v. || tie || [kĩbai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkikik || n. || lightning || [kikik]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkil || n. || barley || [kil]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkipʰaːbu || n. || old woman || [kimpalbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkipʰal || v. || complain || [kimpal]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkipʰaloː || n. || inn, hostel || [kimpalau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkisetʰu || adj. || tricky || [kistendu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkitʰo || adj. || kind || [kinto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkiza || n. || bushel (unit of grain) || [ki+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkoːabu || n. || foreign priest || [kausabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkoja || n. || tongue || [komwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkojriman || n. || desert || [kosiriman]<br />
|-<br />
|koˈkʰeː || v. || be enraged || [konggai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkola || adj. || funny || [kola]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkoːlok || v. || dislike || [koslok]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkoːmiː || v. || reprimand || [kaumisi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkota || v. || cover || [kota]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkoto || v. || expect || [koto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkuk || v. || hurry || [kuk]<br />
|-<br />
|kuˈkaːl || adj. || tame || [kukail]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkula || v. || be smart || [kula]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkuːla || v. || apologize || [kupla]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkumaːn || v. || repair || [kumãi]<br />
|-<br />
|kuˈmeː || v. || sue || [kumãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkun || adj. || stiff, sturdy || [kun]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkupʰeza || v. || believe || [kumpaiwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkupʰa || v. || waste || [kumba]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkupʰaza || n. || dump || [kumba+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|kuˈpʰeːzal || v. || explain || [kumpaiwal]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkuso || v. || cough || [kutso]<br />
|-<br />
|kuˈtʰeː || v. || steal || [G. kuthau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkuːtʰo || n. || sweat || [G. khūtho]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkutʰor || adj. || bright, well-lit || [kuntor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaːbap || v. || ignore || [lapabap]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaːd || n. || year || [laid]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlada || adv. || a little || [ladn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaeta || v. || build || [lasetn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaj || v. || close, shut || [lasi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlajan || adj. || familiar || [laŋàŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlakʰo || n. || bone || [laŋkwo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaːl || v. || flow || [lail]<br />
|-<br />
|laːˈmeː || adj. || long || [larmai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlanax || adj. || good-smelling || [lanag]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlane || v. || aim || [lane]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlas || n. || land || [lats]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaːsar || n. || hour || [lartsar]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlasi || adj. || healthy || [lasti]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlatʰa || v. || overdo || [lanta]<br />
|-<br />
|laˈtʰeː || adj. || fast || [lantai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlaza || n. || delta || [lãwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleː || n. || bird || [lai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleːbo || v. || be exhausted || [lerbo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlejao || v. || form || [ligio]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleːri || adj. || young || [lairi]<br />
|-<br />
|leˈsoː || adj. || cold || [lẽtsau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleːsu || v. || be in love || [laitsu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleːta || v. || collect || [lekta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈleːtabu || n. || man of leisure || [lektabu]<br />
|-<br />
|lezaːˈpoː || v. || draw || [lewalpau "write"]<br />
|-<br />
|lezaːˈpoːbu || n. || writer, poet || [lewalpaubu]<br />
|-<br />
|leˈzeː || n. || word || [lewai]<br />
|-<br />
|leˈzeːseː || n. || poetry || [lewaitsãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈljeːxo || v. || shake || [lisedgo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlik || cj. || nor || [lik]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlimu || v. || gossip || [limu "laugh quietly"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlina || v. || blind || [lina]<br />
|-<br />
|loːˈmoː || v. || visit || [lolmau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈloːsiza || v. || answer, reply || [lonsia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlotʰe || adj. || correct || [lonte]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈloto || v. || belong || [loto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈloːzera || n. || religion || [G. lōjai "god" + -ra "collective"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈluiːbu || n. || failure || [lusidbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlujt || v. || try || [lusit]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmab || adj. || blunt || [mab]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaba || n. || mouth || [mabm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmada || adj. || violent || [madn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaːdo || n. || person || [maldo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaːja || n. || pasture || [mãis+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaki || n. || table || [maki]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmala || v. || shine || [G. mala "shine"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmalja || v. || suck || [malwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaːnabu || n. || wise man, sage || [matnabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaːraː || n. || face || [makras]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmasu || v. || whistle || [mastu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmata || v. || know || [matn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmaːtʰe || n. || heart || [maunde]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmax || adv. || today || [mãg]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeː || v. || meet || [mese]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeːa || n. || cow || [maisa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmebiː || v. || lack || [mebis]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmebu || n. || trader, merchant || [mẽbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeja || adj. || powerful || [mingwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeːkat || n. || brother || [merkàt]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeleda || v. || include || [meledn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeli || v. || read || [mẽli]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeloː || n. || location || [mẽlau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmen || v. || journey || [mẽ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmeze || n. || father || [membwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmi || cj. || or || [mi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmik || n. || bread || [mik]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmina || n. || mother || [G. mina "mother"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmiːpi || v. || blame || [miskwi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmipiːma || n. || dough || [mikwisma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmis || adj. || late || [mits]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmixa || v. || trust || [miga]<br />
|-<br />
|miːˈxeː || v. || thank || [midgai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmizaːko || v. || celebrate || [miasko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmizukur || v. || try || [miukur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmoːja || n. || foreign city (any) || [mos+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|moˈjeː || n. || worm || [mombwai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmolan || adj. || awake || [molan]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmorar || v. || prefer || [morar]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmore || adj. || dark, dim || [more]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmoːro || adj. || narrow || [mauro]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmotʰu || v. || count || [mondu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmotʰubu || n. || overseer || [mondubu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmoza || v. || dawn || [mowã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuː || v. || grow || [mus]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuba || v. || exchange || [uba]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuːdak || n. || dream || [murdak]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuːja || n. || place of origin || [mus+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmulan || n. || ice || [mulã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuːmiː || n. || fool || [musmis]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuːpen || adj. || stupid || [muspẽ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuːpu || n. || masculinity || [muspu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmuxaːdin || n. || baker || [G. muhaldim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaː || n. || east || [nasa]<br />
|-<br />
|naˈbuːn || adj. || predictable, reliable || [nabãu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaga || n. || cardamom || [Xšali naga]<br />
|-<br />
|naːˈjeː || adv. || pointlessly || [naisŋai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaka || n. || god || [naka]<br />
|-<br />
|naˈkeːmeloː || n. || bakery || [nakaimelau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnalaːepʰa || n. || domestic animal || [G. nalaxempha]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnalaror || n. || horse || [nalaròr]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnalujuk || v. || organize || [nalunguk]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnamozi || adj. || brown || [namowi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnan || adj. || sick || [nam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaːno || v. || cut || [narno]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnapen || adj. || red || [napẽ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnapʰan || adj. || small || [nambam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnapʰepa || v. || swell || [nambepm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaxebi || v. || work || [nagebi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnaxebu || b. || laborer || [nagebibu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈneja || n. || leaf || [neŋa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈneːliːloː || n. || building where the khiara (governing concil) meets || [nailinlau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈneːlin || v. || judge || [nailin]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈneːlitʰu || n. || judge || [nailindu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnepʰi || v. || mean, intend || [nembi]<br />
|-<br />
|neːˈreː || n. || woman || [netrai "wife"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈneːxan || v. || twist || [elgan]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnjeː || v. || annul || [nises]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnin || cj. || therefore || [nin]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnitʰa || n. || bread || [G. nintha]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnon || v. || go || [non]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnos || v. || die || [nots]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnosabu || n. || corpse || [notsabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnumaja || v. || boast || [numagi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnupaka || n. || slime, mucus || [nukwàkã]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnuxaːpu || n. || head of household || [nugatspu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnuze || adj. || smooth || [nuwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoː || adv. || yesterday || [auso]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːa || v. || sacrifice || [ausa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːaza || n. || altar || [ausa+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|oːˈbeː || adj. || active || [aubai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈobizal || v. || offer || [obial]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːbo || adj. || happy || [aubo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈodan || n. || right || [odam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːdasu || n. || conscripted soldier || [oldastu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈodeː || n. || salt || [odai]<br />
|-<br />
|oːˈdoː || n. || eye || [oldau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːja || v. || squeeze || [orŋi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːjajo || v. || be serious || [olngango]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈojaw || v. || guess || [ongiu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈojawloː || n. || trial || [ongiulau]<br />
|-<br />
|oːkeˈnoː || n. || permission || [olkenau]<br />
|-<br />
|oːkeˈnuːn || v. || trespass || [olkenaun]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoloː || n. || place || [olau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːloːja || n. || old age || [oslok+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːlok || v. || forget || [oslòk]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːma || adj. || recent || [osma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːmata || v. || be expert at || [olmatn]<br />
|-<br />
|oˈmoː || n. || sister || [omau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːmu || v. || spit || [aumu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈomula || v. || chat, converse || [omula]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈon || cj. || and || [on]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːnon || v. || defecate || [olnon]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈopa || n. || ear || [okwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːpaːja || n. || palace, castle || [ospak+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|oːˈpeː || n. || idol || [ãukwai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈopʰa || adj. || flat || [ompa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈopʰu || adj. || deep || [ompu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈorizal || v. || ignite || [õriwal]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoru || adj. || visible || [oru]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈotʰiː || n. || expert || [ondisi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoto || v. || come || [oto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːto || adj. || new || [olto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈotobu || n. || event || [otobu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈotoza || n. || goal || [oto+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːtu || v. || be starving || [oltu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈoːxaba || v. || suffer || [odgabm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈozu || v. || grieve, mourn || [owu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːbe || n. || sand || [pailbe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːbeloː || n. || shore || [pailbelau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːda || n. || valley || [palda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːkaːtja || n. || throne || [golden throne ospak + Gkaitja "gold"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːmapʰi || n. || secret || [palmambi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːn || adj. || round || [kwaim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːn || v. || bite || [kwain]<br />
|-<br />
|paˈpoː || v. || name || [papau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpas || n. || chair || [kwats]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaːsada || v. || hiccup || [papsadn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpaso || v. || attack || [pasto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpat || adj. || bad-smelling || [kwat]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpatopa || v. || smash || [kwatopm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpeː || adj. || big || [pai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpea || v. || defecate || [pesa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpeda || adj. || ready || [kweda]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpeːda || adj. || loud || [kwaidn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpejasak || v. || exile || [kwengatsak]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpeːkʰu || v. || fear || [paiŋkwu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpepa || adj. || last || [pekwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈperaː || adj. || brave || [peras]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpesa || v. || drop, let go of || [kwetsn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpetʰa || v. || defeat || [penta "fuck up"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpetʰu || adv. || apart || [kwentu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpi || n. || fingernail || [kwi]<br />
|-<br />
|piˈleː || v. || send || [pilai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpin || adj. || low || [pim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpipa || adj. || useful || [pipm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpir || n. || goat || [kwir]<br />
|-<br />
|piˈraːja || n. || main room (of a house) || [pirain+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|piˈraːn || v. || plan || [pirain]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpisi || v. || pale || [pitsi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpitʰamiː || v. || understand || [kwindamis]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpizel || adj. || early || [piwel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpoːmun || v. || flee || [posmun]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpon || n. || island || [pon]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈponin || n. || vegetable || [ponĩ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpoːpo || v. || refuse || [pokpo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpopu || v. || dance || [popu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpuːbat || v. || threaten || [pupibat]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpuja || n. || nose || [puŋwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpuku || v. || be tempted || [kwuku]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈpuman || n. || smoke || [pumã]<br />
|-<br />
|raˈjaːn || v. || confuse, misunderstand || [rangwãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈraːn || n. || plain || [rauŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈranja || n. || field || [G. ranja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈraːniza || v. || be insane || [ralnia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrapʰa || adj. || abundant || [rampa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrapʰen || adv. || instead of || [rampen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrapʰi || v. || babble || [rambi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰe || n. || sky || [rande]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰeːbu || n. || messenger || [randelbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰel || v. || encourage || [randèl]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰenan || v. || gasp || [randenam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰer || n. || jar || [rander]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰo || v. || hear || [ranto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰoːbu || n. || attention || [rantobu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰoloː || n. || audience, constituency || [rantolau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈraxol || v. || fill || [ragol]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈraza || adj. || mature || [rãwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrazeba || adv. || incompetently || [rãwebm]<br />
|-<br />
|reːˈdeː || v. || enjoy || [rãidai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreja || adv. || adnormally || [rimbwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreja || v. || be clumsy || [rimbwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrekibaː || v. || flood || [rekibas]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːli || v. || oppose || [rebli]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈremor || n. || earthquake || [remor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːo || n. || fox || [G. reso]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːoran || adj. || cunning || [G. reso + -ran]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrepʰur || v. || drown || [rembur]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːsi || v. || be hot (weather) || [relsi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːsu || n. || con-man || [raitstu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈreːta || v. || be greedy || [raitn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrisen || n. || bad luck || [risten]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrizan || v. || learn || [riam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroː || n. || penis || [G. rau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroba || n. || fan || [robm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrobu || n. || musician || [robu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroːla || v. || love || [raula]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrolu || adv. || forward || [rolw]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroːma || adj. || typical || [rorma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroːne || v. || own, possess || [G. raune]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrorop || n. || peninsula || [rorop]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroːte || adj. || athletic || [rorte]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroto || v. || try, attempt || [roto]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroza || v. || play music || [rowa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈroza || n. || public discourse || [ro+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrubare || v. || be rich || [rubãre]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrudizoba || v. || be daydreamy || [rudioba]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrujajo || v. || be insensitive || [rungango]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrujata || v. || overeat || [rungata]<br />
|-<br />
|ruˈjeː || n. || intelligence || [rungwãi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrujua || v. || be gullible || [rugua]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrukʰasa || v. || survive || [rungkasta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrukʰo || v. || deceive || [rungguko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈruːlas || adj. || foreign || [rauŋlats "plains-land"]<br />
|-<br />
|ruloːˈmoː || v. || to frequent || [rulolmau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrumeli || v. || study || [rumẽli]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈruːmo || v. || to brand || [rulmo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈruːnak || n. || prophet || [runnak "priest"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrupaso || n. || aggression || [rupasto]<br />
|-<br />
|rupiˈraːtʰu || n. || lord, landlord (title) || [rupiraindu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈruːpoː || adj. || stubborn || [rukpokpo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrupoːmun || v. || be cowardly || [ruposmun]<br />
|-<br />
|ruˈtʰeː || n. || faux pas || [runtai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈrututu || adj. || random || [rututu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈruzapa || v. || bork up || [ruwapa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsaːloː || n. || toilet room, outhouse || [tsainglau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsaːn || v. || wash || [tsaiŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsapʰa || v. || free || [tsampa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsapʰi || v. || give || [tsampi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsasa || v. || sneeze || [tsatsa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈseː || adj. || steep || [tsese]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈseː || v. || arise || [tsaisai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsebor || v. || pour || [tsebor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsejr || v. || be born || [tsesir]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈselon || n. || spear || [tselõ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsesen || v. || mimic || [tsetsen]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsiː || n. || dog || [tsis]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsikʰi || adj. || separate || [tsingki]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsiluːn || n. || tooth || [tsilãu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsin || v. || like || [tsin]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsisen || v. || be depressed || [tsisten]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsitʰu || n. || sweetheart, lover || [tsinbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsix || v. || urinate || [tsig]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsobi || v. || control || [tsobi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsoːki || adj. || soft || [tsãuki]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsomebja || v. || wish for || [tsomebisn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈson || n. || knee || [tsoŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|sopiˈraːn || n. || master || [tsopirain]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsotʰo || n. || louse, parasite || [tsondo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsoːxaba || v. || be pitiful || [tsodgabm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsuːjan || n. || pressure || [tsurgĩ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsuri || adv. || tomorrow || [tsuri]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsus || adj. || near || [tsuts]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsuːtor || v. || insult || [tsurtor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈta || v. || become || [ta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtaːban || v. || imply || [tasbam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtan || n. || south || [tam]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtaran || n. || daughter || [tarang]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtaːtʰi || n. || shield || [taindi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtaːxo || v. || rebel || [targo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈteːba || adv. || together || [taibm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtejaza || v. || flash || [tingia]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtejo || v. || pull || [teŋo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtetʰo || adj. || wide || [tento]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰaːlo || n. || moon || [G. thaislo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰeda || v. || have sex || [G. thed-]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰedja || n. || bedroom || [G. thedja "brothel"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰekin || v. || to trade || [Xšali t'ekim-]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰeːran || adj. || beautiful || [G. thed + -ran]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰoː || v. || create, make, do || [G. thau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰulus || n. || cinnamon || [Xšali t'uluš]<br />
|-<br />
|tʰuˈneː || n. || elder brother || [G. thunoi "brother"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtikʰe || v. || compel, coerce || [tingke]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtikʰoː || n. || stone || [tiŋkàu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtiti || n. || flea || [titi]<br />
|-<br />
|tizaˈneː || v. || marry || [tianai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtoː || n. || lake || [tau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtoːdu || adv. || somewhat || [taudu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtoːli || v. || be clumsy || [totoli]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈton || n. || hand || [ton]<br />
|-<br />
|toˈpeː || n. || horn || [topai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtoːsi || v. || bend || [tautsi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtoːsiza || n. || wrinkle, line || [tautsi+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtu || v. || eat || [tu]<br />
|-<br />
|tuaˈnoː || v. || avoid, prevent || [tuanau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtuloː || n. || table || [tulau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtuːran || adj. || safe || [G. tuts + -ran]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtus || n. || home || [G. tuts]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtutu || v. || amaze || [tutu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːbal || v. || be sleepy || [ugbal]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈubapa || v. || allow || [ubapm]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːbare || v. || lack || [ugbãre]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːbor || v. || kneel || [ulbor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːdujal || v. || seek attention || [ugdungwil]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈukʰu || adj. || lame, crippled || [unggu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈula || v. || rise || [ula]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːla || v. || explain || [upla]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈulja || v. || taste || [ulwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuljo || n. || vine || [ulwo "rope"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːlujt || v. || be eager || [uklusit]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːma || v. || play || [unma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmaːje || v. || lose face/virtue || [upmalwe]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmaːraːpu || n. || supplicant || [upmakraspu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmata || v. || investigate || [upmatn]<br />
|-<br />
|uːˈmeː || adj. || yellow || [ulmài]<br />
|-<br />
|uːmiːˈxaːl || v. || bless || [ugmidgail]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmizaːko || v. || content || [upmiasko]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmo || v. || steal || [aulmo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmobu || n. || thief || [aulmobu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːmotʰu || adj. || picky || [upmondu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːne || adj. || dark || [aurne]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːnos || v. || be suicidal || [utnots]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːpetʰa || n. || loser, lowlife || [ukpenta]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈupʰoːnapʰan || v. || belittle || [umbomnamban]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːpi || adj. || green || [auspi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuru || v. || cure || [uru]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈurubu || n. || doctor || [urubu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːsab || v. || look forward to || [uksab]<br />
|-<br />
|uːˈsaːn || v. || be dirty || [uktsaing]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːsapʰi || v. || overheat || [uktsampi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈusi || v. || blow || [untsi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈusibu || n. || cloud || [untsibu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːsobi || v. || desire || [uktsobi]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːte || v. || run || [orte]<br />
|-<br />
|uˈtʰeːbu || n. || idiot || [untaibu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːtʰi || n. || river || [aunti]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːtʰon || adj. || thin || [auntòn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuːtʰu || adj. || rich (wealthy) || [auntu]<br />
|-<br />
|uːtizaˈneː || v. || propose marriage || [uktianai]<br />
|-<br />
|uˈzaːs || v. || be cloudy || [uwaits]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuzu || adv. || soon || [ubwu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaːja || n. || rabbit warren || [gaid+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaːja || v. || share || [gabbwa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxajao || v. || move || [gangio]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxan || n. || dagger || [gan]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaːra || n. || sheep || [gaibra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaːraza || n. || pasture || [gaibra + -ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxata || n. || wood || [gatn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaxa || adj. || angry || [gãga]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxaxak || v. || smile || [gagak]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxeːdo || n. || rabbit || [gaido]<br />
|-<br />
|xeˈkʰaːg || n. || ore || [G. gekhoig]<br />
|-<br />
|xeˈkʰaːza || n. || a mine || [G. gekhoija]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxepʰa || n. || insult || [gempa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxes || adj. || likely, probable || [gets]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxezor || adj. || great || [G. gezor]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxoː || n. || pass in mountains || [gau]<br />
|-<br />
|xoˈkʰeː || v. || break || [goŋgai]<br />
|-<br />
|xoˈkʰeːza || n. || weak point, achilles' heel || [gonggai+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxon || adj. || high || [gom]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxoːron || n. || steppe || [gauron]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxotʰaːbu || n. || lazy person || [gondagbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈxotʰax || v. || dream || [gondag]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzakʰeːaː || n. || priestess || [G. wakhē "holy" + -asa "woman"]<br />
|-<br />
|zakʰeːˈroː || n. || priest || [G. wakhē "holy" + -rau "man"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzama || n. || sun || [G. jama]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzaːn || n. || wine || [G. jain]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzapa || v. || hit || [wapa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzapʰun || adj. || hollow || [wampum]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzara || n. || dawn || [G. tsaras]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzaːran || adj. || drunk || [G. jain + -ran]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzas || v. || sweat || [bwats]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzas || v. || dig || [wats]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzasabu || n. || beggar || [watsabu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzat || n. || age || [wat]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzatʰan || n. || pig || [G. wantham]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzatʰoː || n. || garden || [G. jathō]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzaːti || n. || festival || [bwaikti]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzaːtidu || n. || Midsummer || [zāti + -du "honorific"]<br />
|-<br />
|zaˈzaːk || adj. || quiet || [wawaik]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeː || n. || star || [bwai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzed || n. || son || [bwed]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeda || n. || herb || [wedn]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeja || n. || home, house || [wim+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeja || n. || garden || [wen+ja]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeːjeː || n. || uncle || [G. jēŋē]<br />
|-<br />
|zeːjˈkeːmel || n. || astronomy || [bwaiiskaimel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzekʰoːbu || n. || pilgrim || [bwenggorbu]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzekʰor || v. || worship || [bweŋgor]<br />
|-<br />
|zeˈkʰoːsu || n. || riches, wealth || [bweŋgautsu "inheritance"]<br />
|-<br />
|zeːˈoː || n. || sword || [G. wesau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzeːra || n. || copper || [G. zemra]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈziːdel || v. || wear || [wirdel]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzjeː || v. || yell, cry out || [wisai]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈziːma || n. || mud || [wisma]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈziːmaloː || n. || water barrel || [wismalau]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzimeː || n. || neighbour || [wimès]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzimeːaː || n. || a gossip || [wimès + -asa]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzin || v. || live || [wim]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzin || adj. || wet || [wiŋ]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzojax || n. || bay || [bwogig]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzopʰo || v. || remember || [wompo]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzuːd || n. || tradition || [G. jaud "old"]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzuku || v. || blame || [wuku]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzuːleg || n. || cheese || [G. jubleg]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzuːn || v. || wait || [G. waum-]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzut || adv. || rightward || [bwut]<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadaːta || top. || Adāta ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈadi || v. || to be (present plural) ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈatʰaleː || top. || Athalē ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈaːtoiːli || n. || north wind ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbe || v. || to be (past plural) ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈbuː || n. || ox ||<br />
|-<br />
|eˈdak || eth. || Edak (of Kasca) ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈharalo || eth. || Faralo ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhaziːli || top. || Huyfárah ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈhipʰago || top. || Hiphago ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkasalad || top. || Xšalad ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkasali || eth. || Xšali ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkasus || adj. || near ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈkʰalanu || top. || Khalanu ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈlasomo || top. || Axôltseubeu ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈmezaras || top. || Mezaras ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnara || eth. || Naidda ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnitazeː || top. || Nitazē ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnokaiso || eth. || Ndok Aisô ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnonabu || n. || traveller ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈnonaiːzoː || n. || voyage ||<br />
|-<br />
|oːˈpaːkaːtia || n. || throne ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈperaːbu || n. || knight ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈradias || top. || Radias ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈratʰedaːn || top. || Rathedān ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsaːte || v. || to begin, to start ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈsi || v. || to be; to act as ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰaːras || top. || Thāras ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈtʰaːraspeː || top. || Greater Thāras ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈuk || v. || to be (future) ||<br />
|-<br />
|ˈzopʰiːs || top. || Zophīs ||</div>
Dewrad
http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/Gezoro
Gezoro
2008-07-28T19:15:26Z
<p>Dewrad: /* Sample Loanwords for Adāta */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Language<br />
| language = Gezoro<br />
| phonetic = ˈɡezoro<br />
| world = [[Akana]]<br />
| date = c. -2000 [[Year of the Prophet|YP]]<br />
| place = [[Rathedān]]<br />
| speakers = unknown<br />
| script = Tjakori script<br />
| family = [[Western languages]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;Gezoro<br />
| word-or = unknown<br />
| mor-type = unknown<br />
| morphalign = unknown<br />
| author = kodé<br />
}}<br />
{{Article}}<br />
<br />
'''Gezoro''' is a language of the [[Western languages|Western family]], spoken in the [[Rathedān]] highlands around -2000 [[Year of the Prophet|YP]]. <br />
<br />
= History =<br />
<br />
The Gezoro were the first people in [[Peilaš]] to develop serious metallurgy. For centuries they had better weapons and better armor than anyone else, which combined with their mountain strongholds kept them quite secure despite a long-lasting rivalry with the [[Ndak Empire]]. Finally the Ndak emperor Terakan, father of [[Tsinakan text|Tsinakan]], succeeded in cutting off all their trade routes, gradually weakening them. Tsinakan himself, early in his reign, fought the Gezoro in a series of massive campaigns. The final result of these was 60,000 Gezoro marched to [[Kasca|Kasadgad]] in chains, where they remained enslaved for generations (cf. the Hebrews in Egypt). Interestingly, the slaves in Kasadgad held on to their language much longer than the Gezoro remaining at home, who in time became absorbed into the Ndak world, though not without deeply influencing the [[Ndak Ta]] dialects spoken in the Rathedān, which later gave rise to the classical [[Adāta]] language. By the end of Tsinakan's reign, the former mountain home of the Gezoro had become a mining region of utmost importance to the Ndak empire.<br />
<br />
= Language = <br />
<br />
== Dialects ==<br />
Diachronically, Gezoro can be divided into two main periods: Early Gezoro (c. -2300 to -2000 YP) and Late Gezoro (c. -2000 to -1500 YP). Late Gezoro was divided into numerous dialects, differing mostly through changes in quality of the different vowel phonemes. [[Adāta]] words borrowed from Gezoro came from several of these different dialects.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
* [http://deinioljones.net/conlangs/western/proto.htm Proto-Western] <small>(c. -3500 YP)</small><br />
** '''Gezoro''' <small>(c. -2000 YP)</small><br />
<br />
== Phoneme inventory ==<br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
<br />
{| {{bluetable|lightbluebg}}<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! !! labial !! alveolar !! &nbsp; palatal &nbsp; !! velar<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! plosive<br />
| &nbsp; pʰ · p · b &nbsp; || &nbsp; tʰ · t · d &nbsp; || || &nbsp; kʰ · k · ɡ &nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! affricate<br />
| || ʦ || ||<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! fricative<br />
| || s · z || || x<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! nasal<br />
| m || n || || ŋ<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! &nbsp; approximant<br />
| w || l || j ||<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! trill<br />
| || r || ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
<br />
{| {{bluetable|lightbluebg}}<br />
|-<br />
! !! &nbsp; front &nbsp; !! &nbsp; central &nbsp; !! &nbsp; back &nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; high<br />
| i · iː || || u · uː<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! mid-high<br />
| e · eː || || <br />
|- align="center"<br />
! mid-low<br />
| ɛ · ɛː || ɜ̃ · ɜ̃ː || ɔ · ɔː<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! low<br />
| || a · aː ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Sound Changes from Proto-Western ==<br />
<br />
b(K) > w / #_ <br /><br />
dl, dz, dZ > d, z, j / #_ <br /><br />
dz, dZ > z / V_V <br /><br />
S, tS, > s / #_ <br /><br />
S, tS, > L / V_V <br /><br />
?C > C: / V_V <br /><br />
? > 0 / _ <br /><br />
K > l / V_V <br /><br />
K > h / _C <br /><br />
K, l > L / [Non-Dental C]_V <br /><br />
<br />
Unstressed V reduction: <br /><br />
a, e, i, u > 6, {, I, U / C_[Plosive or Sibilant or h] <br /><br />
V > 0 / _V, _#, _[Nasal or Approximant or G] <br /><br />
V~ > @~ / _#, C_[Plosive or Sibilant or h] <br /><br />
V~ > 0 / _V, _[Nasal or Approximant or G] <br /><br />
<br />
a > O <br /><br />
V~ > 3~ <br /><br />
6, @~ > a <br /><br />
{ > E <br /><br />
I > e <br /><br />
U > O <br /><br />
<br />
C_h > C / _...[h,C_h] <br /><br />
G > ig / C_V <br /><br />
G_w > ug / C_V <br /><br />
G > g / #_ <br /><br />
G_w > gw / #_ <br /><br />
VG(_w) > V: / _# <br /><br />
j , w > e, u / C_, _# <br /><br />
<br />
k(_h)_w > k(_h) <br /><br />
Vhk(_h) > V:x / _V <br /><br />
k(_h)l > x / _V <br /><br />
l > r <br /><br />
L > l <br /><br />
<br />
Vh > V: / _C, _# <br /><br />
VC: > V:C <br /><br />
<br />
More detailed changes to come...<br />
<br />
=== Sample Loanwords for [[Adāta]] ===<br />
<br />
{| {{bluetable|lightbluebg}}<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! !! Proto-Western !! Early Gezoro !! Late Gezoro* !! [[Adāta]] loanword<br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| bakʰé <i>holiness</i> || wakhe || wakhe || zakhe:- <i>priest/-ess (w/ suffix)</i> <br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| błáma <i>fart</i> || wOm || waum || zu:n <i>wait</i> <br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| dzámałáγa <i>red eye</i> || zOmrO: || zemra || ze:ra <i>copper</i> <br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| kʰã?ákʰejákwi <i>black sand</i> || kOkheOk || gekhoig || xekha:g <i>ore</i> <br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| kʰéłka <i>stone</i> || ke:x || ke:x || ke:x <i>anvil</i><br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| laláña <i>dig</i> || rOJ || ran+ja || rania <i>field</i><br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| náčeklépʰa~ <i>tamed animal</i> || nOl{xepha || nalaxempha || nala:epha <i>domestic animal</i><br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| tʰája?u šešéwa <i>milk star</i> || thOesleu || thaislo || tha:lo <i>moon</i><br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| tʰúnja?ã́ <i>uncle, brother</i> || thuneV~ || thunoi || thune: <i>elder brother</i><br />
|- align="center"<br />
! <br />
| ?ũta?ału <i>smell with tooth = savor</i> || V~tOr || enthur || ethur <i>cook</i><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
[[Category:Western languages]]</div>
Dewrad
http://akana.conlang.org/wiki/User:Dewrad
User:Dewrad
2008-07-28T19:10:41Z
<p>Dewrad: New page: Pater emeritus of Adāta and Proto-Western, as well as consultant-general and sounding-board to several contributors. Not, however an ''active'' participant (at t...</p>
<hr />
<div>Pater emeritus of [[Adāta]] and [[Western_languages|Proto-Western]], as well as consultant-general and sounding-board to several contributors. Not, however an ''active'' participant (at the moment).</div>
Dewrad