Western Telic

2022-03-31T12:46:29Z

TheAdder: /* Sound Changes */

Western Telic is a language descendant from Proto-Telic.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
p t k b d s x v(β) l r(ʐ) j ɣ m n ŋ
===Vowels===
i u e o æ(ɛ) å(ɔ) a
===Syllables===
The syllable structure is CV(C)(C)(C)
==Sound Changes==
Credit to Frislander for text.

*Firstly, this variety appears to derive from one where the proto-language *i *u and corresponding glides *j *w gained fricated pronunciations [v zʲ] early on. These would later be strengthened into the modern day voiced stops /b/ and /d/, but before that they were deleted after sonorants, so e.g. *waku "man" → baɣb but *kaːmi "sun" → xæm, and in the case of *ti it instead resulted in palatalisation to*tʲ.
*Secondly, said variety also appears to have derived from one where *k had a uvular pronunciation [q] adjacent to non-front vowels. While sister languages would retain this stop pronunciation, in this language it instead has a velar~uvular fricative as its direct reflex.
*Thirdly, seemingly early on this variety was pronouncing *ɲ as [ʐ], but otherwise it patterns with the nasals, including losing a following *i and *u.
*Now onto the sound changes which took place after the breakup of the protolanguage. Early on it seems that the stops were voiced intervocalically: from *p *t *tʲ *c *k giving [b d dʲ ɟ g ɢ]. Later on it seems all these bar the coronals were later lenited to approximants [β j ɣ ʁ], e.g. *copə "bone" → sov, *jekə "earth" → deɣ; it appears that [d dʲ] instead lost their voicing.
* Early on, it seems that both *a and *aː under went umlaut to *æ(ː) → /ɛ/ when a following syllable contained a front vowel *i or *e and/or when followed by a palatal consonant *c *j, e.g. *waki "woman" → bæɣd, *kaːmi "sun" → xæm, *kaːjə → xæd (note that this likely occurred after *ɲ had shifted to /ʐ/, as it did not cause this fronting in the a
same manner).
* *s was generally debuccalised to *h and later was lost, e.g. *soːkə "spirit" → uɣ, *taːsə "heart" → tå "hearth, fireplace", *-soi "3sg possessive (stressed)" → -ut. Remaining *c and *tʲ correspondingly shifted to /s/, e.g. *copə "bone" → sov, *ceːsi "snow" → sid, *lati "grass" → læs.
* The long vowels *eː *aː *oː were raised to /i ɔ u/, and the length contrast was generally lost, e.g. *keːcə "fire" → kij, *waːŋə "duck" → båŋ, *joːmə "rock" → dum (note that this means that *a and *aː merge under umlaut, as can be seen in the above umlaut examples). *e and *o in non-initial syllables were also raised, e.h. *keːwəpou "to the water" → kubup, *keːcəloŋə "with fire" → kijluŋ.
*Schwas were generally lost (as seen in above examples), except in circumstances where they break up a non-sonorous cluster, e.g. *tapəŋə "river" → tavŋ [tavəŋ],
* *peːɲəmu "anus" → pirm [ˈpiʐəm] "smoke hole".
* This point is probably when the voiced fricatives from the original approximants *j *w came to be pronounced as voiced stops, including when syllabic. *v likely went straight to /b/ , while *zʲ lilkely went through a stage as *dʲ or *d͡ʒ before settling on /d/, which indeed in some varieties still shows light palatalisation.
* Finally, we have the loss of the uvulars - *q fricated to /x/ (except in the cluster *ŋq where it instead merged with the stop /k/) while *ɣ and *ʁ, if indeed they ever were distinct, have fully merged as /ɣ/.
* Moving into the beginnings of the dialectal fragmentation of the daughter, one group of varieties, likely the northern ones, apparently underwent a change where a front vowel inbetween a velar consonant and a labial one was backed and rounded. Many of these forms later spread across all varieties, e.g. *keːwə "water" → kub. This change must have occurred before the following one, hence why it is in this list and not in the dialectal changes list.

Western Telic

2022-03-31T12:45:49Z

TheAdder: Created page with "Western Telic is a language descendant from Proto-Telic. ==Phonology== ===Consonants=== p t k b d s x v(β) l r(ʐ) j ɣ m n ŋ ===Vowels=== i u e o æ(ɛ) å(ɔ) a ===Sylla..."

Western Telic is a language descendant from Proto-Telic.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
p t k b d s x v(β) l r(ʐ) j ɣ m n ŋ
===Vowels===
i u e o æ(ɛ) å(ɔ) a
===Syllables===
The syllable structure is CV(C)(C)(C)
==Sound Changes==
*Firstly, this variety appears to derive from one where the proto-language *i *u and corresponding glides *j *w gained fricated pronunciations [v zʲ] early on. These would later be strengthened into the modern day voiced stops /b/ and /d/, but before that they were deleted after sonorants, so e.g. *waku "man" → baɣb but *kaːmi "sun" → xæm, and in the case of *ti it instead resulted in palatalisation to*tʲ.
*Secondly, said variety also appears to have derived from one where *k had a uvular pronunciation [q] adjacent to non-front vowels. While sister languages would retain this stop pronunciation, in this language it instead has a velar~uvular fricative as its direct reflex.
*Thirdly, seemingly early on this variety was pronouncing *ɲ as [ʐ], but otherwise it patterns with the nasals, including losing a following *i and *u.
*Now onto the sound changes which took place after the breakup of the protolanguage. Early on it seems that the stops were voiced intervocalically: from *p *t *tʲ *c *k giving [b d dʲ ɟ g ɢ]. Later on it seems all these bar the coronals were later lenited to approximants [β j ɣ ʁ], e.g. *copə "bone" → sov, *jekə "earth" → deɣ; it appears that [d dʲ] instead lost their voicing.
* Early on, it seems that both *a and *aː under went umlaut to *æ(ː) → /ɛ/ when a following syllable contained a front vowel *i or *e and/or when followed by a palatal consonant *c *j, e.g. *waki "woman" → bæɣd, *kaːmi "sun" → xæm, *kaːjə → xæd (note that this likely occurred after *ɲ had shifted to /ʐ/, as it did not cause this fronting in the a
same manner).
* *s was generally debuccalised to *h and later was lost, e.g. *soːkə "spirit" → uɣ, *taːsə "heart" → tå "hearth, fireplace", *-soi "3sg possessive (stressed)" → -ut. Remaining *c and *tʲ correspondingly shifted to /s/, e.g. *copə "bone" → sov, *ceːsi "snow" → sid, *lati "grass" → læs.
* The long vowels *eː *aː *oː were raised to /i ɔ u/, and the length contrast was generally lost, e.g. *keːcə "fire" → kij, *waːŋə "duck" → båŋ, *joːmə "rock" → dum (note that this means that *a and *aː merge under umlaut, as can be seen in the above umlaut examples). *e and *o in non-initial syllables were also raised, e.h. *keːwəpou "to the water" → kubup, *keːcəloŋə "with fire" → kijluŋ.
*Schwas were generally lost (as seen in above examples), except in circumstances where they break up a non-sonorous cluster, e.g. *tapəŋə "river" → tavŋ [tavəŋ],
* *peːɲəmu "anus" → pirm [ˈpiʐəm] "smoke hole".
* This point is probably when the voiced fricatives from the original approximants *j *w came to be pronounced as voiced stops, including when syllabic. *v likely went straight to /b/ , while *zʲ lilkely went through a stage as *dʲ or *d͡ʒ before settling on /d/, which indeed in some varieties still shows light palatalisation.
* Finally, we have the loss of the uvulars - *q fricated to /x/ (except in the cluster *ŋq where it instead merged with the stop /k/) while *ɣ and *ʁ, if indeed they ever were distinct, have fully merged as /ɣ/.
* Moving into the beginnings of the dialectal fragmentation of the daughter, one group of varieties, likely the northern ones, apparently underwent a change where a front vowel inbetween a velar consonant and a labial one was backed and rounded. Many of these forms later spread across all varieties, e.g. *keːwə "water" → kub. This change must have occurred before the following one, hence why it is in this list and not in the dialectal changes list.

Doroh

2022-03-30T20:51:42Z

TheAdder: /* Timeline */

[[Image:Peilaš regions.png|thumb|right|300px|A map of northeastern Peilaš. The location of Doroh can be seen.]]
The Doroh are an ethnicity that live across the bay from where [[Huyfárah]] is. The two countries have had a long history of wars
between each other. They speak the Doroh language.

==History==
===Timeline===
* c. -1800 BP Walled cities pop up on the Doroh to coast to protect them from pirates.
* c. -1400 The Feråjin push their borders east and displace many Dorians in Čisse.
* c. -1200 Most of Doroh's walled town city states are destroyed. Archaeological evidence suggests that this was from attacks by the Feråjin.
* c. -900 to c. -200 Doroh's dark ages. Many Dorians from this time period have been found buried near the border of Feråjin, suggesting that the Feråjin and Dorians frequently fought in a war.
* -170 Doroh defeats the Feråjin and quickly expand their borders. Artifacts from this time tell of a king named Tʰejskøʃitsø who defeated the Feråjin.
* -162 The Dorian king Baʰɬo:na:ga comes to throne and takes military campaigns every spring, extending Doroh's borders farther and farther.
* -145 The Dorian borders extend almost to the north-eastern border of Huyfárah, worrying the king of Huyfárah, Goninabunde I.
* December -144 The Dorian border ends at Huyfárah.
* Spring -142 After a raid by Dorians, Goninabunde II builds a town on the Čisse River, called [[Čisse]].
* -112 The Dorians attack Čisse and burn it down. The Dorians declare war on Huyfárah.
* -87 The Huyfárah-Doroh war ends with Doroh losing. Čisse is rebuilt.
* -50 Doroh creates strong trade relationship with Lotoka and [[Affalinnei]].
* August, 21 YP The earliest known group of Dorian pirates raid Affalinei.
* 30 Takuña pirates raid Doroh coasts, especially near the town of Masʰłejtʰitsø.
* 70 Many more Doroh pirate gangs raid coasts in Lotoka, Doroh, and Affalinnei. The king Kʰoɖbʰłen takes extensive measures to stop this piracy.
* Febuary 113 The king Gedpʰatø is killed by Dorian pirates, and the goverment is overthrown. Doroh is again divided into city states.
* 135 The city-state of Mejnʈʰeʰłkø conquers nearby areas.
* 156 The city-states to the north of Lotoka are captured by Takuña pirates, traveling overland on mules. The Takuña did not do this again.
* c. 170 Mejnʈʰeʰłkø conquers all formerly Dorian area north of Affalinnei.
* 203 The leader of Mejnʈʰeʰłkø, Kʰɬejjʰɬtsʰojjø, and Takuña pirate leader Amúhanausu meet and sign a treaty to not invade the lands that currently belong to each other.
* 225 Amúhanausu's son, Hapatisà, breaks the 203 treaty and attacks Mejnʈʰeʰłkø.
* 226 The Mejnʈʰeʰłkø lose many heavy loses, and many city states see a chance to break lose.
* 227 The city state of Tʰaʈʰa is burnt down under mysterious circumstances. Also, as Mejnʈʰeʰłkø is collapsing quickly, many Dorians turn to a cult of the kings of Doroh that ruled more than a century ago.
* 228 A man named Søjsda Masnaga, immigrates to Mejnʈʰeʰłkø. As he fills out an immigration form, the person with him recognizes that one of his ancestors he wrote on the immigration form is the grandson of Kʰoɖbʰłen.
* November 228 After having help starting a campaign from people who support him, Søjsda publicly announces that he is a descendant of Kʰoɖbʰłen, appealing to thousands.
* December 228 Søjsda and many of his supporters riot at the palace in Nejjojmnaga (formerly Mejnʈʰeʰłkø). After three days of riots, the rioters break in, kill the royal family, and declare Søjsda king.
* 230 Søjsda defeats the Takuña pirates and starts raising money to restore Takuña from a pirate country to the original Lotoka.
* 251 The Lotoka Restoration Program works.
* December 253 Søjsda dies at age 54.
* 300 Doroh founds a colony in the Dagæm islands.
* 353 Doroh conquers Affalinnei and lets it's leader continue as long as he or she obeys Doroh's leader.
* 403 The Doroh sell their Dagæm colony to Huyfarah.
* 415 The Doroh found three colonies in Tuysáfa.
* September-December 449 Dorian and Lotokian officials meet with the king of [[Empire of Athalē|Athalē]], Mēthes II, and disappear on their way back. They were last seen by a farmer and his wife in Ussor's outskirts. Dorians and Lotokian developed a number of theories, but the theory that prevailed in the goverment is that they were murdered by Fáraloese officials.
* 450 Doroh and Lotoka ally and close trade with Huyfárah.
* April 450 The Dorian and Lotokian armies, as well as Søjsda II (the king of Doroh at that time) line up in front of Huyfarah's palace, demanding to know the fate of the ambassadors to Athalē. The king of Huyfárah declares to have no knowledge of the subject. At first the armies believe him, and leave. However, a Dorian living in Ussor informs the armies that the ambassadors did in fact make themselves known to the king. The armies light dynamite in the palace (a recent invention), and explode the palace. The Doroh-Lotoka alliance declares war on Huyfárah.
* July 450 The Dorian army conquers Puwa. Throughout the war it uses Puwa to send troops throughout Huyfárah.
* August 450 Fáraloese troops burn down two towns in Affalinnei. However, they are quickly met on the way back by the Dorian navy. The Dorians climb on to the ship, kill everybody on it, and return the stolen goods from Affalinnei.
* September 450-January 451 Officials from Doroh board a boat in Siixtaguna and take a long trip around Wike and land in Xšalad. They make their way down the country side to Athalē. They talk to the Mēthes II and add Athalē to their alliance (the Doroh-Lotoka-Athalē alliance).
* October 450 The Lotokian army blows up and official's house in Luyoša. The Lotokian and Dorian troops attack Ussor but turn back half way there when Søjsda II dies in a battle.
* November 450 The Fáraloese forces attack Puwa and reclaim it. They then chase what is left of the Dorian and Lotokian forces back to Affalinei.
* January 451 The Doroh-Lotoka forces build a camp outside Čisse.
* Febuary 451 Huyfárah burns the Dorian camp outside Čisse.
* March 451 Doroh and Lotoka's remaining troops take the ancient Tywapitih Cavern system to Thāras and from there to Athalē. While they are actually still operating, Doroh sends a messenger to Huyfarah that they had backed out of the war.
* April 451 Huyfárah tries to invade Doroh but they are blown up by the Lotokian navy.
* May 451 A spy, known only as agent 23, is found out. He tries to escape and hides in and abandoned farm in Affalinnei. However, a villager named Dejmʈʰa finds him and reports him to the goverment. He is brought to Keiristi and is held in jail for five days before he is shown naked in public and killed.
* June 451 Boed Gøojjitsø, who would later become a very famous inventor, is born in Nejjojmnaga.
* July 451 Siixtaguna attacks a Doroh colony in Tuysáfa. As the Dorians are in a war then, they do not fight back and give Siixtaguna control of that colony.
* August 451 Foot soldiers from Huyfárah move from Čisse into Zdohga and, in what became known as the battle of Zdohga, kill many Dorian forces.
* September 451 King Adadabʰłen orders the building of the Dorian Wall, which would span from the coast south of Zdohga to the Šišak Mountains in the north. Lotokian and Dorian forces also raid small villages in Huyfárah from Athalē.
* October 451-Febuary 452 Dorian forces sail south from Doroh and eventually reach Njemnetsa.
* December 451 After a month of peace, Huyfárah attacks Nejjojmnaga but retreats soon after.
* January 452 Doroh is struck with a severe winter blizzard.
* February 452 Doroh sends forces to Dagæm but the forces are killed on the way. After this, Doroh is low on forces.
* March 452 The king of Doroh decides to send a messenger to bring back some Dorian and Lotokian forces from Athalē.
* April 452 After a strong attack from the Lotokian, Dorian, and Athalē forces, Huyfárah surrenders and signs a treaty to stop the war. Much celebrating in Doroh.
* 478 Boed Gøojjitsø makes himself known as a scientist and invents the steam engine. He dies later that year.
* 516 As the weak king of Doroh steps down, an organization called "Tʰejskø ojm Pʰes (TOP for short)" reforms the government of Doroh into a democracy. It also adds the current motto to have their name in it.
* 700 The Doroh language changes to New Doroh.

==Country and Government==
Until 516, Doroh was a monarchy. After that, however, the TOP organization reformed it into a democracy. The term for democracy is 'pʰes jøojtø naga (people own the leader)'.
===Country===
The motto of Doroh is "Tʰejskø ojm pʰes tʰidz (The sword of people is great.)." It has been called 'Lu-laš tesses (the country of soldiers)' and 'Næbæm Huyfárah (Little Huyfárah)' in Fáralo, 'Gøme Lotoka (Sister of Lotoka)' in Lotoka, and 'Miataja (place of no sleep)' in Athalē. It is one of the most advanced countries in Peilaš.

Proto-Telic

2022-03-30T20:33:40Z

TheAdder:

Proto-Telic is the language spoken in the north-west area of Peilaš, created by Frislander and thethief3. It has a daughter language, Eastern Telic.

==Phonology==
==Consonants==
p t c(k) k(q) s m n ɲ ŋ w l j(y)
===Vowels===
i u e e(e:) ə o o(o:) a a(a:)
'i', 'ə', and u can only occur in unstressed syllables, while the other vowels are the opposite.
===Syllables===
Syllable structure is C(G)V(N), where 'G' is w or j and 'N' is a coda nasal or geminate stop in word-internal position. CG is not common and is restricted to pj, pw, kw, and kj. Primary stress on word-initial syllables. Secondary stress was assigned afterwards on "full" vowels (i.e. *e *a *o). A number of suffixes indeed seem to have had stressed and unstressed alternants which would be used depending on whether they followed a stressed or unstressed vowel.

Proto-Telic

2022-03-30T20:31:04Z

TheAdder: /* =Consonants */

Proto-Telic is the language spoken in the north-west area of Peilaš, created by Frislander and thethief3.

==Phonology==
==Consonants==
p t c(k) k(q) s m n ɲ ŋ w l j(y)
===Vowels===
i u e e(e:) ə o o(o:) a a(a:)
'i', 'ə', and u can only occur in unstressed syllables, while the other vowels are the opposite.
===Syllables===
Syllable structure is C(G)V(N), where 'G' is w or j and 'N' is a coda nasal or geminate stop in word-internal position. CG is not common and is restricted to pj, pw, kw, and kj. Primary stress on word-initial syllables. Secondary stress was assigned afterwards on "full" vowels (i.e. *e *a *o). A number of suffixes indeed seem to have had stressed and unstressed alternants which would be used depending on whether they followed a stressed or unstressed vowel.