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Asséta

2021-01-01T00:45:55Z

Caleone: /* Noun Phrases */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teate || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teato || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| taka || aka
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teafa || šiha
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesana
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ana
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapana
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| rena
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takana
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwana
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| hena
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lana
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|na| one}}
{{glend|nena še na}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2021-01-01T00:39:11Z

Caleone: /* Vowels */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teate || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teato || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| taka || aka
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teafa || šiha
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesana
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ana
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapana
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| rena
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takana
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwana
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| hena
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lana
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-31T21:06:34Z

Caleone: /* Numerals */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teate || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teato || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| taka || aka
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teafa || šiha
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesana
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ana
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapana
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| rena
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takana
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwana
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| hena
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lana
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-31T21:06:06Z

Caleone: /* Numerals */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teate || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teato || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| taka || aka
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teafa || šiha
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesana
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ana
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapana
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| rena
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takana
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwana
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| hena
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lana
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-30T16:04:22Z

Caleone: /* Demonstratives */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teate || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teato || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| taka || aka
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teafa || šiha
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-30T16:00:06Z

Caleone: /* Vowels */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | center
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
|
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| (ə)
| o õ
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>
*ə only occurs in diphthonɡs

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-30T15:53:29Z

Caleone: /* Yes-No Questions */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{gl|a| question_particle}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi a?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
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2020-12-30T15:31:17Z

Caleone: edited link to akana thread since incatena dead

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Asséta

2020-12-30T14:51:02Z

Caleone: /* Yes-No Questions */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwi?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-30T14:50:36Z

Caleone: /* Yes-No Questions */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Did you drink the tea?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{glend|Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwí?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-12-30T14:49:52Z

Caleone: /* Yes-No Questions */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

Yes-No questions are formed by using the verb "to do" in the v2 position while moving the main verb to the position after the object, the to-do verb taking the indicative and the main verb taking the subjunctive as seen below:

'''Lędate renóng beyenes ṣičorevútwí?'''
{{+|
{{gl|Lędate|2nd.sin}}
{{gl|ṣičonóye|2nd.pfv.to_do.ind.pst}}
{{gl|beyenes| tea.acc.indef}}
{{gl|ṣičorevútwi| 2nd.pfv.to_drink.sbj.pst}}
{{glend|Did you drink the tea?}}
}}

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

User:Caleone

2020-12-30T14:19:09Z

Caleone: added pronouns

Mastermind of the Northeastern Bay Languages on Tuysáfa, work proceeds at a steady pace. she/ella/ta (她)/'o ia

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:47:26Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę Šétis
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈɕe.tis]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:41:53Z

Caleone: /* The Young Lion */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdate ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

The young lion

2020-09-23T20:41:17Z

Caleone: /* Asséta */

{{Article}}
'''The young lion''' is a short text used in the comparative study of the [[T1 languages|T<sub>1</sub> language family]] and, by extension, the [[Yalan]] languages.

Its actual source is: Roy S. Hagman, ''Nama Hottentot grammar'', Bloomington/Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1977.

== Text ==
The lion is king of all the beasts because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.

Every morning, the young lion would go out into the forest and compare his strength with the other beasts. And every day he would return the victor. This news was heard and known throughout the animal world: that the lion was king of the beasts. Every day that he would return victorious, his mother would praise him, "Son of mine! Thick of neck! Slim of waist! Thick of chest! He-man!"

But one morning, when having got up the young lion was stretching, she praised him, "Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Lion-armed! Slim of waist!," finished praising him and said, "I truly believe that you are strongest of all the beasts. Every day you go out into the forest and return, and show me that you are truly king of the beasts. But, my son, one day you will go out into the forest. And while you are out walking around in the forest, you will see a little thing which walks straight, its head sitting on its shoulders. And, Son of mine! Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Slim of waist!, the day you meet that little thing, on that day the sun will set while you have not returned. The name of that little thing is called 'man'."

== Translations ==
/The first sentence./

=== [[Cednìtıt]] ===
(Potantrommo Bay, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Paxıco|paxı-co-Ø|lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM}}
{{gl|ca fmùwuncumbanen|ca fmùwu-ncu-muba-ne-n|REL large_animal-DEF.A.PL-be.all-VN-ACC}}
{{gl|onctriŋ|on-c-triŋ|3sa.NPST>3pa-beyond-rule}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|c'odrubthık,|ca o-drubth-ık|REL 3sa.NPST-strong-INTENS}}
{{gl|ca mupundcù|ca mupu-nudcù|REL 3sa.POS-chest}}
{{gl|obùl,|o-bùl|3si.NPST-thick}}
{{gl|ca trì|ca trì|REL waist}}
{{gl|okı,|o-kı|3si.NPST-slim}}
{{gl|ca ocınne|ca o-cın-ne-Ø|REL 3sa-run-VN-Ø}}
{{gl|otthonethen|o-tthon-ethen|3si.NPST-POT-fast}}
{{gl|eca|eca|because}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Northeastern Bay Language|Thaxarevemni]] ===
(Northeastern Bay Region, -1000 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Ophaxti|o-phaxa-ti|SIN.ANI.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|motengmöc|mo-ateng-möc|3.ANI.HAB.to_rule.PST.IND}}
{{gl|wafmordis|o-afmolu-tis|SIN.ANI.beast.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ba|ba|be_all}}
{{glend|The lion was the ruler of all beasts}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|orefemnex|o-refeme-tex|SIN.ANI.ruler.GEN.DEF}}
{{gl|nenirdis|n-nil-tis|PLU.INAM.country.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fokap,|fo-kap|REL.be_four}}
{{glend|and lord of the four countries,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|tho|tho|because}}
{{gl|ondatex|onda-tex|3.SIN.GEN}}
{{gl|jetis|Ø-je-tis|SIN.INAM.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fophasak|fo-phas-ak|REL.be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|fothopasak,|fo-thopas-ak|REL.be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|athreti|Ø-athre-ti|SIN.INAM.waist}}
{{gl|fokak,|fo-ka-ak|REL.be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|nastakhutis|n-astakhu-tis|PLU.INAM.leg.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ehȗmöc|e-ṭün-möc|3.INAM.HAB.to_run.PST.IND}}
{{gl|eškak.|e-aška-ak|3.INAM.HAB.be_quick.SUPR}}
{{glend|because (his) chest was thick, waist was thin, and (his) legs ran fast.}}
}}

=== [[Asséta]] ===
(Heneššeme Basin, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

=== [[Old Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, -800 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumagja|mum*-āgja|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|xjōphahī|xjōphahī|lion}}
{{gl|ōčīņjamaņja|ō-čīņja-mā-aņja|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pā|pā|all}}
{{gl|nuxōruhu,|nu-xōru-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thō|thō|because}}
{{gl|[āčhigji]|ā-čhigji|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muhjabaga,|mu-hjabā-aga|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|āpaxāẑaga|ā-paxāẑa-aga|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puxjāō,|pu-xjāō|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|ākhigi|ā-khī-igi|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pūhu,|p-ūhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|āxokogo|ā-xokō-ogo|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|muŝiņji.|mu-ŝiņji|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is [very] strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[West Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Momeće|mum*-aće|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|śâphehi|śâphehi|lion}}
{{gl|âcińemań|â-cińe-ma-ń|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nohâruh,|no-hâru-h|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thâ|thâ|because}}
{{gl|mośepak,|mo-śepa-k|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|apehafak|a-pehafe-ak|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pośaâ,|po-śaâ|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akhik|a-khi-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puho,|p-uho|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|ahokâk|a-hokâ-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|mofiń.|mo-fiń|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[East Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumehe|mum*-ahe|{{sc|sg.an.def}}-be.copula}}
{{gl|xaupehai|xaupehai|lion}}
{{gl|caigemege|caig-em-ege|rule-er-{{sc|acc.dat}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nuxauruhu,|nu-xaur-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|tau|tau|because}}
{{gl|acihi|a-cihi|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muheva,|mu-heva|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong}}
{{gl|apexaze|a-pexaze|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick}}
{{gl|puxamau,|pu-xamau|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akai|a-kai|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin}}
{{gl|pauhu,|p-auhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|axukau|a-xukau|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast}}
{{gl|musigi.|mu-sigi|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, his chest is thick, his belly is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Hkətl’ohnim]] ===
(western side of the Tidika mountains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Kōnim|Ø-kōnim-Ø|3SG-chieftain-DIR|he-is-a-king}}
{{gl|qa-t’ī|qa{{--}}Ø-t’ī-a|of{{--}}3SG-forest-GEN|of{{--}}it-is-a-forest}}
{{gl|wahə,|Ø-wahə-Ø|3SG-lion-DIR|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion is king of the forest,}}

{{gl|ši|ši|and|and}}
{{gl|nerikēmu|nəm-rika-ːmōrʷ|3PL>3SG.NP-be_subordinate-obviously|they-are-obviously-subordinate-to-him}}
{{gl|nəlīku|nə-līku-Ø|3PL-predatory_animal-DIR|they-are-beasts}}
{{gl|nemā,|nə-ːma|3PL.NP-all|they-are-all-of-them}}
{{glend|and all the beasts are clearly subordinate to him,}}

{{gl|so|so|because|because}}
{{gl|ā|ā-Ø|3SG:NH-DIR|this_one}}
{{gl|hruskuq,|h-rusku-aq|3SG.NP-strong-EMPH|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|həšamáłaq,|h-<šān>-hwał-aq|3SG.NP-<chest>-thick-EMPH|he-is-very-thick-of-chest}}
{{gl|hčihpēħaq,|h-<čīhʷ>-pēħa-aq|3SG.NP-<waist>-slim-EMPH|he-is-very-slim-of-waist}}
{{gl|həskaħosqoqʷ.|h-<skaħo>-sqoʷ-aq|3SG.NP-<foot>-agile-EMPH|he-is-agile-of-foot}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and agile of foot.}}
}}

=== [[Omari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mufuomušųǫba|mu-<fųǫ‘>-mušuo-~°bê|3SG.A-<large_animal>-be_higher_in_rank-EXH|he-is-higher-in-rank-than-all-large-animals}}
{{gl|paha|Ø-paha|3SG.A-lion|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|to|to|because|because}}
{{gl|ferebak,|fê-‘reba-akˤ.|REL-strong-ENER,|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|fešęįvųdek,|fê-<šeni>-°fųde-akˤ.|REL-<body>-large-ENER,|he-is-very-large-of-body}}
{{gl|fediskapeakak,|fê-<tiska>-peaka-akˤ.|REL-<waist>-narrow-ENER,|he-is-very-narrow-of-waist}}
{{gl|feškeakoskók.|fê-<škeako>-sko-akˤ.|REL-<leg>-quick-ENER|he-is-very-quick-of-leg}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, and quick of leg.}}
}}

=== [[Tari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Pããcu|pããcu|{{sc|3sg»3pl}}}}
{{gl|pvahutic|pvahu-tic|lion-{{sc|def.erg}}}}
{{gl|un|un|be.all}}
{{gl|õvõuyuti|õ-võuyu-ti|{{sc|pl}}-beast-{{sc|def}}}}
{{gl|cõusu,|coun-su|rule-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|tso|tso|because}}
{{gl|pcu|pcu|{{sc|3sg»∅}}}}
{{gl|sinĩ|sinĩ|be.much}}
{{gl|thupssu,|thups-su|be.strong-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|nĩsiu|nĩ-siu|body-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|vããtisu,|vããti-su|be.big-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|tcaasiu|tcaa-siu|waist-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|piosu,|pio-su|be.slim-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|ãssakhusiu|ã-ssakhu-siu|{{sc|pl}}-foot-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|skosu.|sko-su|be.quick-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, quick of leg.}}
}}

== See also ==

* [[T1 languages]]
* [[Tsinakan text]]
* [[The chief and the mouse]]

[[Category:Languages|*Young lion]]
[[Category:T1 languages|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Corpus|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Sample texts]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:40:58Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdate|ǫdat-e|3rd.NOM.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:37:32Z

Caleone: /* The Young Lion */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:36:37Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

The young lion

2020-09-23T20:35:58Z

Caleone: /* Asséta */

{{Article}}
'''The young lion''' is a short text used in the comparative study of the [[T1 languages|T<sub>1</sub> language family]] and, by extension, the [[Yalan]] languages.

Its actual source is: Roy S. Hagman, ''Nama Hottentot grammar'', Bloomington/Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1977.

== Text ==
The lion is king of all the beasts because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.

Every morning, the young lion would go out into the forest and compare his strength with the other beasts. And every day he would return the victor. This news was heard and known throughout the animal world: that the lion was king of the beasts. Every day that he would return victorious, his mother would praise him, "Son of mine! Thick of neck! Slim of waist! Thick of chest! He-man!"

But one morning, when having got up the young lion was stretching, she praised him, "Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Lion-armed! Slim of waist!," finished praising him and said, "I truly believe that you are strongest of all the beasts. Every day you go out into the forest and return, and show me that you are truly king of the beasts. But, my son, one day you will go out into the forest. And while you are out walking around in the forest, you will see a little thing which walks straight, its head sitting on its shoulders. And, Son of mine! Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Slim of waist!, the day you meet that little thing, on that day the sun will set while you have not returned. The name of that little thing is called 'man'."

== Translations ==
/The first sentence./

=== [[Cednìtıt]] ===
(Potantrommo Bay, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Paxıco|paxı-co-Ø|lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM}}
{{gl|ca fmùwuncumbanen|ca fmùwu-ncu-muba-ne-n|REL large_animal-DEF.A.PL-be.all-VN-ACC}}
{{gl|onctriŋ|on-c-triŋ|3sa.NPST>3pa-beyond-rule}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|c'odrubthık,|ca o-drubth-ık|REL 3sa.NPST-strong-INTENS}}
{{gl|ca mupundcù|ca mupu-nudcù|REL 3sa.POS-chest}}
{{gl|obùl,|o-bùl|3si.NPST-thick}}
{{gl|ca trì|ca trì|REL waist}}
{{gl|okı,|o-kı|3si.NPST-slim}}
{{gl|ca ocınne|ca o-cın-ne-Ø|REL 3sa-run-VN-Ø}}
{{gl|otthonethen|o-tthon-ethen|3si.NPST-POT-fast}}
{{gl|eca|eca|because}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Northeastern Bay Language|Thaxarevemni]] ===
(Northeastern Bay Region, -1000 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Ophaxti|o-phaxa-ti|SIN.ANI.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|motengmöc|mo-ateng-möc|3.ANI.HAB.to_rule.PST.IND}}
{{gl|wafmordis|o-afmolu-tis|SIN.ANI.beast.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ba|ba|be_all}}
{{glend|The lion was the ruler of all beasts}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|orefemnex|o-refeme-tex|SIN.ANI.ruler.GEN.DEF}}
{{gl|nenirdis|n-nil-tis|PLU.INAM.country.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fokap,|fo-kap|REL.be_four}}
{{glend|and lord of the four countries,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|tho|tho|because}}
{{gl|ondatex|onda-tex|3.SIN.GEN}}
{{gl|jetis|Ø-je-tis|SIN.INAM.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fophasak|fo-phas-ak|REL.be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|fothopasak,|fo-thopas-ak|REL.be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|athreti|Ø-athre-ti|SIN.INAM.waist}}
{{gl|fokak,|fo-ka-ak|REL.be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|nastakhutis|n-astakhu-tis|PLU.INAM.leg.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ehȗmöc|e-ṭün-möc|3.INAM.HAB.to_run.PST.IND}}
{{gl|eškak.|e-aška-ak|3.INAM.HAB.be_quick.SUPR}}
{{glend|because (his) chest was thick, waist was thin, and (his) legs ran fast.}}
}}

=== [[Asséta]] ===
(Heneššeme Basin, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

=== [[Old Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, -800 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumagja|mum*-āgja|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|xjōphahī|xjōphahī|lion}}
{{gl|ōčīņjamaņja|ō-čīņja-mā-aņja|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pā|pā|all}}
{{gl|nuxōruhu,|nu-xōru-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thō|thō|because}}
{{gl|[āčhigji]|ā-čhigji|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muhjabaga,|mu-hjabā-aga|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|āpaxāẑaga|ā-paxāẑa-aga|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puxjāō,|pu-xjāō|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|ākhigi|ā-khī-igi|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pūhu,|p-ūhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|āxokogo|ā-xokō-ogo|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|muŝiņji.|mu-ŝiņji|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is [very] strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[West Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Momeće|mum*-aće|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|śâphehi|śâphehi|lion}}
{{gl|âcińemań|â-cińe-ma-ń|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nohâruh,|no-hâru-h|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thâ|thâ|because}}
{{gl|mośepak,|mo-śepa-k|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|apehafak|a-pehafe-ak|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pośaâ,|po-śaâ|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akhik|a-khi-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puho,|p-uho|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|ahokâk|a-hokâ-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|mofiń.|mo-fiń|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[East Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumehe|mum*-ahe|{{sc|sg.an.def}}-be.copula}}
{{gl|xaupehai|xaupehai|lion}}
{{gl|caigemege|caig-em-ege|rule-er-{{sc|acc.dat}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nuxauruhu,|nu-xaur-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|tau|tau|because}}
{{gl|acihi|a-cihi|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muheva,|mu-heva|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong}}
{{gl|apexaze|a-pexaze|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick}}
{{gl|puxamau,|pu-xamau|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akai|a-kai|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin}}
{{gl|pauhu,|p-auhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|axukau|a-xukau|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast}}
{{gl|musigi.|mu-sigi|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, his chest is thick, his belly is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Hkətl’ohnim]] ===
(western side of the Tidika mountains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Kōnim|Ø-kōnim-Ø|3SG-chieftain-DIR|he-is-a-king}}
{{gl|qa-t’ī|qa{{--}}Ø-t’ī-a|of{{--}}3SG-forest-GEN|of{{--}}it-is-a-forest}}
{{gl|wahə,|Ø-wahə-Ø|3SG-lion-DIR|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion is king of the forest,}}

{{gl|ši|ši|and|and}}
{{gl|nerikēmu|nəm-rika-ːmōrʷ|3PL>3SG.NP-be_subordinate-obviously|they-are-obviously-subordinate-to-him}}
{{gl|nəlīku|nə-līku-Ø|3PL-predatory_animal-DIR|they-are-beasts}}
{{gl|nemā,|nə-ːma|3PL.NP-all|they-are-all-of-them}}
{{glend|and all the beasts are clearly subordinate to him,}}

{{gl|so|so|because|because}}
{{gl|ā|ā-Ø|3SG:NH-DIR|this_one}}
{{gl|hruskuq,|h-rusku-aq|3SG.NP-strong-EMPH|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|həšamáłaq,|h-<šān>-hwał-aq|3SG.NP-<chest>-thick-EMPH|he-is-very-thick-of-chest}}
{{gl|hčihpēħaq,|h-<čīhʷ>-pēħa-aq|3SG.NP-<waist>-slim-EMPH|he-is-very-slim-of-waist}}
{{gl|həskaħosqoqʷ.|h-<skaħo>-sqoʷ-aq|3SG.NP-<foot>-agile-EMPH|he-is-agile-of-foot}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and agile of foot.}}
}}

=== [[Omari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mufuomušųǫba|mu-<fųǫ‘>-mušuo-~°bê|3SG.A-<large_animal>-be_higher_in_rank-EXH|he-is-higher-in-rank-than-all-large-animals}}
{{gl|paha|Ø-paha|3SG.A-lion|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|to|to|because|because}}
{{gl|ferebak,|fê-‘reba-akˤ.|REL-strong-ENER,|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|fešęįvųdek,|fê-<šeni>-°fųde-akˤ.|REL-<body>-large-ENER,|he-is-very-large-of-body}}
{{gl|fediskapeakak,|fê-<tiska>-peaka-akˤ.|REL-<waist>-narrow-ENER,|he-is-very-narrow-of-waist}}
{{gl|feškeakoskók.|fê-<škeako>-sko-akˤ.|REL-<leg>-quick-ENER|he-is-very-quick-of-leg}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, and quick of leg.}}
}}

=== [[Tari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Pããcu|pããcu|{{sc|3sg»3pl}}}}
{{gl|pvahutic|pvahu-tic|lion-{{sc|def.erg}}}}
{{gl|un|un|be.all}}
{{gl|õvõuyuti|õ-võuyu-ti|{{sc|pl}}-beast-{{sc|def}}}}
{{gl|cõusu,|coun-su|rule-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|tso|tso|because}}
{{gl|pcu|pcu|{{sc|3sg»∅}}}}
{{gl|sinĩ|sinĩ|be.much}}
{{gl|thupssu,|thups-su|be.strong-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|nĩsiu|nĩ-siu|body-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|vããtisu,|vããti-su|be.big-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|tcaasiu|tcaa-siu|waist-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|piosu,|pio-su|be.slim-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|ãssakhusiu|ã-ssakhu-siu|{{sc|pl}}-foot-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|skosu.|sko-su|be.quick-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, quick of leg.}}
}}

== See also ==

* [[T1 languages]]
* [[Tsinakan text]]
* [[The chief and the mouse]]

[[Category:Languages|*Young lion]]
[[Category:T1 languages|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Corpus|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Sample texts]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:35:00Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and ruler of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

The young lion

2020-09-23T20:34:51Z

Caleone: /* Asséta */

{{Article}}
'''The young lion''' is a short text used in the comparative study of the [[T1 languages|T<sub>1</sub> language family]] and, by extension, the [[Yalan]] languages.

Its actual source is: Roy S. Hagman, ''Nama Hottentot grammar'', Bloomington/Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1977.

== Text ==
The lion is king of all the beasts because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.

Every morning, the young lion would go out into the forest and compare his strength with the other beasts. And every day he would return the victor. This news was heard and known throughout the animal world: that the lion was king of the beasts. Every day that he would return victorious, his mother would praise him, "Son of mine! Thick of neck! Slim of waist! Thick of chest! He-man!"

But one morning, when having got up the young lion was stretching, she praised him, "Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Lion-armed! Slim of waist!," finished praising him and said, "I truly believe that you are strongest of all the beasts. Every day you go out into the forest and return, and show me that you are truly king of the beasts. But, my son, one day you will go out into the forest. And while you are out walking around in the forest, you will see a little thing which walks straight, its head sitting on its shoulders. And, Son of mine! Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Slim of waist!, the day you meet that little thing, on that day the sun will set while you have not returned. The name of that little thing is called 'man'."

== Translations ==
/The first sentence./

=== [[Cednìtıt]] ===
(Potantrommo Bay, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Paxıco|paxı-co-Ø|lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM}}
{{gl|ca fmùwuncumbanen|ca fmùwu-ncu-muba-ne-n|REL large_animal-DEF.A.PL-be.all-VN-ACC}}
{{gl|onctriŋ|on-c-triŋ|3sa.NPST>3pa-beyond-rule}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|c'odrubthık,|ca o-drubth-ık|REL 3sa.NPST-strong-INTENS}}
{{gl|ca mupundcù|ca mupu-nudcù|REL 3sa.POS-chest}}
{{gl|obùl,|o-bùl|3si.NPST-thick}}
{{gl|ca trì|ca trì|REL waist}}
{{gl|okı,|o-kı|3si.NPST-slim}}
{{gl|ca ocınne|ca o-cın-ne-Ø|REL 3sa-run-VN-Ø}}
{{gl|otthonethen|o-tthon-ethen|3si.NPST-POT-fast}}
{{gl|eca|eca|because}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Northeastern Bay Language|Thaxarevemni]] ===
(Northeastern Bay Region, -1000 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Ophaxti|o-phaxa-ti|SIN.ANI.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|motengmöc|mo-ateng-möc|3.ANI.HAB.to_rule.PST.IND}}
{{gl|wafmordis|o-afmolu-tis|SIN.ANI.beast.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ba|ba|be_all}}
{{glend|The lion was the ruler of all beasts}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|orefemnex|o-refeme-tex|SIN.ANI.ruler.GEN.DEF}}
{{gl|nenirdis|n-nil-tis|PLU.INAM.country.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fokap,|fo-kap|REL.be_four}}
{{glend|and lord of the four countries,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|tho|tho|because}}
{{gl|ondatex|onda-tex|3.SIN.GEN}}
{{gl|jetis|Ø-je-tis|SIN.INAM.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fophasak|fo-phas-ak|REL.be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|fothopasak,|fo-thopas-ak|REL.be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|athreti|Ø-athre-ti|SIN.INAM.waist}}
{{gl|fokak,|fo-ka-ak|REL.be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|nastakhutis|n-astakhu-tis|PLU.INAM.leg.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ehȗmöc|e-ṭün-möc|3.INAM.HAB.to_run.PST.IND}}
{{gl|eškak.|e-aška-ak|3.INAM.HAB.be_quick.SUPR}}
{{glend|because (his) chest was thick, waist was thin, and (his) legs ran fast.}}
}}

=== [[Asséta]] ===
(Heneššeme Basin, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and ruler of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|fa|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

=== [[Old Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, -800 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumagja|mum*-āgja|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|xjōphahī|xjōphahī|lion}}
{{gl|ōčīņjamaņja|ō-čīņja-mā-aņja|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pā|pā|all}}
{{gl|nuxōruhu,|nu-xōru-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thō|thō|because}}
{{gl|[āčhigji]|ā-čhigji|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muhjabaga,|mu-hjabā-aga|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|āpaxāẑaga|ā-paxāẑa-aga|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puxjāō,|pu-xjāō|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|ākhigi|ā-khī-igi|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pūhu,|p-ūhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|āxokogo|ā-xokō-ogo|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|muŝiņji.|mu-ŝiņji|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is [very] strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[West Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Momeće|mum*-aće|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|śâphehi|śâphehi|lion}}
{{gl|âcińemań|â-cińe-ma-ń|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nohâruh,|no-hâru-h|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thâ|thâ|because}}
{{gl|mośepak,|mo-śepa-k|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|apehafak|a-pehafe-ak|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pośaâ,|po-śaâ|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akhik|a-khi-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puho,|p-uho|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|ahokâk|a-hokâ-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|mofiń.|mo-fiń|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[East Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumehe|mum*-ahe|{{sc|sg.an.def}}-be.copula}}
{{gl|xaupehai|xaupehai|lion}}
{{gl|caigemege|caig-em-ege|rule-er-{{sc|acc.dat}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nuxauruhu,|nu-xaur-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|tau|tau|because}}
{{gl|acihi|a-cihi|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muheva,|mu-heva|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong}}
{{gl|apexaze|a-pexaze|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick}}
{{gl|puxamau,|pu-xamau|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akai|a-kai|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin}}
{{gl|pauhu,|p-auhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|axukau|a-xukau|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast}}
{{gl|musigi.|mu-sigi|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, his chest is thick, his belly is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Hkətl’ohnim]] ===
(western side of the Tidika mountains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Kōnim|Ø-kōnim-Ø|3SG-chieftain-DIR|he-is-a-king}}
{{gl|qa-t’ī|qa{{--}}Ø-t’ī-a|of{{--}}3SG-forest-GEN|of{{--}}it-is-a-forest}}
{{gl|wahə,|Ø-wahə-Ø|3SG-lion-DIR|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion is king of the forest,}}

{{gl|ši|ši|and|and}}
{{gl|nerikēmu|nəm-rika-ːmōrʷ|3PL>3SG.NP-be_subordinate-obviously|they-are-obviously-subordinate-to-him}}
{{gl|nəlīku|nə-līku-Ø|3PL-predatory_animal-DIR|they-are-beasts}}
{{gl|nemā,|nə-ːma|3PL.NP-all|they-are-all-of-them}}
{{glend|and all the beasts are clearly subordinate to him,}}

{{gl|so|so|because|because}}
{{gl|ā|ā-Ø|3SG:NH-DIR|this_one}}
{{gl|hruskuq,|h-rusku-aq|3SG.NP-strong-EMPH|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|həšamáłaq,|h-<šān>-hwał-aq|3SG.NP-<chest>-thick-EMPH|he-is-very-thick-of-chest}}
{{gl|hčihpēħaq,|h-<čīhʷ>-pēħa-aq|3SG.NP-<waist>-slim-EMPH|he-is-very-slim-of-waist}}
{{gl|həskaħosqoqʷ.|h-<skaħo>-sqoʷ-aq|3SG.NP-<foot>-agile-EMPH|he-is-agile-of-foot}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and agile of foot.}}
}}

=== [[Omari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mufuomušųǫba|mu-<fųǫ‘>-mušuo-~°bê|3SG.A-<large_animal>-be_higher_in_rank-EXH|he-is-higher-in-rank-than-all-large-animals}}
{{gl|paha|Ø-paha|3SG.A-lion|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|to|to|because|because}}
{{gl|ferebak,|fê-‘reba-akˤ.|REL-strong-ENER,|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|fešęįvųdek,|fê-<šeni>-°fųde-akˤ.|REL-<body>-large-ENER,|he-is-very-large-of-body}}
{{gl|fediskapeakak,|fê-<tiska>-peaka-akˤ.|REL-<waist>-narrow-ENER,|he-is-very-narrow-of-waist}}
{{gl|feškeakoskók.|fê-<škeako>-sko-akˤ.|REL-<leg>-quick-ENER|he-is-very-quick-of-leg}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, and quick of leg.}}
}}

=== [[Tari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Pããcu|pããcu|{{sc|3sg»3pl}}}}
{{gl|pvahutic|pvahu-tic|lion-{{sc|def.erg}}}}
{{gl|un|un|be.all}}
{{gl|õvõuyuti|õ-võuyu-ti|{{sc|pl}}-beast-{{sc|def}}}}
{{gl|cõusu,|coun-su|rule-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|tso|tso|because}}
{{gl|pcu|pcu|{{sc|3sg»∅}}}}
{{gl|sinĩ|sinĩ|be.much}}
{{gl|thupssu,|thups-su|be.strong-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|nĩsiu|nĩ-siu|body-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|vããtisu,|vããti-su|be.big-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|tcaasiu|tcaa-siu|waist-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|piosu,|pio-su|be.slim-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|ãssakhusiu|ã-ssakhu-siu|{{sc|pl}}-foot-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|skosu.|sko-su|be.quick-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, quick of leg.}}
}}

== See also ==

* [[T1 languages]]
* [[Tsinakan text]]
* [[The chief and the mouse]]

[[Category:Languages|*Young lion]]
[[Category:T1 languages|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Corpus|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Sample texts]]

The young lion

2020-09-23T20:27:34Z

Caleone:

{{Article}}
'''The young lion''' is a short text used in the comparative study of the [[T1 languages|T<sub>1</sub> language family]] and, by extension, the [[Yalan]] languages.

Its actual source is: Roy S. Hagman, ''Nama Hottentot grammar'', Bloomington/Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1977.

== Text ==
The lion is king of all the beasts because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.

Every morning, the young lion would go out into the forest and compare his strength with the other beasts. And every day he would return the victor. This news was heard and known throughout the animal world: that the lion was king of the beasts. Every day that he would return victorious, his mother would praise him, "Son of mine! Thick of neck! Slim of waist! Thick of chest! He-man!"

But one morning, when having got up the young lion was stretching, she praised him, "Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Lion-armed! Slim of waist!," finished praising him and said, "I truly believe that you are strongest of all the beasts. Every day you go out into the forest and return, and show me that you are truly king of the beasts. But, my son, one day you will go out into the forest. And while you are out walking around in the forest, you will see a little thing which walks straight, its head sitting on its shoulders. And, Son of mine! Thick of chest! Thick of neck! Slim of waist!, the day you meet that little thing, on that day the sun will set while you have not returned. The name of that little thing is called 'man'."

== Translations ==
/The first sentence./

=== [[Cednìtıt]] ===
(Potantrommo Bay, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Paxıco|paxı-co-Ø|lion-DEF.A.SG-NOM}}
{{gl|ca fmùwuncumbanen|ca fmùwu-ncu-muba-ne-n|REL large_animal-DEF.A.PL-be.all-VN-ACC}}
{{gl|onctriŋ|on-c-triŋ|3sa.NPST>3pa-beyond-rule}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|c'odrubthık,|ca o-drubth-ık|REL 3sa.NPST-strong-INTENS}}
{{gl|ca mupundcù|ca mupu-nudcù|REL 3sa.POS-chest}}
{{gl|obùl,|o-bùl|3si.NPST-thick}}
{{gl|ca trì|ca trì|REL waist}}
{{gl|okı,|o-kı|3si.NPST-slim}}
{{gl|ca ocınne|ca o-cın-ne-Ø|REL 3sa-run-VN-Ø}}
{{gl|otthonethen|o-tthon-ethen|3si.NPST-POT-fast}}
{{gl|eca|eca|because}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Northeastern Bay Language|Thaxarevemni]] ===
(Northeastern Bay Region, -1000 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Ophaxti|o-phaxa-ti|SIN.ANI.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|motengmöc|mo-ateng-möc|3.ANI.HAB.to_rule.PST.IND}}
{{gl|wafmordis|o-afmolu-tis|SIN.ANI.beast.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ba|ba|be_all}}
{{glend|The lion was the ruler of all beasts}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|orefemnex|o-refeme-tex|SIN.ANI.ruler.GEN.DEF}}
{{gl|nenirdis|n-nil-tis|PLU.INAM.country.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fokap,|fo-kap|REL.be_four}}
{{glend|and lord of the four countries,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|tho|tho|because}}
{{gl|ondatex|onda-tex|3.SIN.GEN}}
{{gl|jetis|Ø-je-tis|SIN.INAM.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|fophasak|fo-phas-ak|REL.be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ši|ši|and}}
{{gl|fothopasak,|fo-thopas-ak|REL.be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|athreti|Ø-athre-ti|SIN.INAM.waist}}
{{gl|fokak,|fo-ka-ak|REL.be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|nastakhutis|n-astakhu-tis|PLU.INAM.leg.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ehȗmöc|e-ṭün-möc|3.INAM.HAB.to_run.PST.IND}}
{{gl|eškak.|e-aška-ak|3.INAM.HAB.be_quick.SUPR}}
{{glend|because (his) chest was thick, waist was thin, and (his) legs ran fast.}}
}}

=== [[Asséta]] ===
(Heneššeme Basin, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts and ruler of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|o-payát-e|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest, his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest, and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

=== [[Old Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, -800 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumagja|mum*-āgja|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|xjōphahī|xjōphahī|lion}}
{{gl|ōčīņjamaņja|ō-čīņja-mā-aņja|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pā|pā|all}}
{{gl|nuxōruhu,|nu-xōru-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thō|thō|because}}
{{gl|[āčhigji]|ā-čhigji|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muhjabaga,|mu-hjabā-aga|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|āpaxāẑaga|ā-paxāẑa-aga|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puxjāō,|pu-xjāō|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|ākhigi|ā-khī-igi|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pūhu,|p-ūhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|āxokogo|ā-xokō-ogo|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|muŝiņji.|mu-ŝiņji|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is [very] strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[West Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Momeće|mum*-aće|{{sc|sg.an.sg.o}}-be}}
{{gl|śâphehi|śâphehi|lion}}
{{gl|âcińemań|â-cińe-ma-ń|{{sc|sg.an}}-rule-er-{{sc|obl}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nohâruh,|no-hâru-h|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|thâ|thâ|because}}
{{gl|mośepak,|mo-śepa-k|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|apehafak|a-pehafe-ak|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|pośaâ,|po-śaâ|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akhik|a-khi-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|puho,|p-uho|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|ahokâk|a-hokâ-k|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast-{{sc|ene}}}}
{{gl|mofiń.|mo-fiń|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because, certainly, he is strong, his chest is thick, his stomach is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[East Yalan]] ===
(Yalne plains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mumehe|mum*-ahe|{{sc|sg.an.def}}-be.copula}}
{{gl|xaupehai|xaupehai|lion}}
{{gl|caigemege|caig-em-ege|rule-er-{{sc|acc.dat}}}}
{{gl|pa|pa|all}}
{{gl|nuxauruhu,|nu-xaur-uhu|{{sc|pl.an}}-animal-{{sc|gen}}}}
{{glend|The lion is the ruler of all animals,}}

{{gl|tau|tau|because}}
{{gl|acihi|a-cihi|{{sc|sg.in}}-very}}
{{gl|muheva,|mu-heva|{{sc|sg.an}}-strong}}
{{gl|apexaze|a-pexaze|{{sc|sg.in}}-thick}}
{{gl|puxamau,|pu-xamau|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-chest}}
{{gl|akai|a-kai|{{sc|sg.in}}-thin}}
{{gl|pauhu,|p-auhu|{{sc|3sg.poss}}-belly}}
{{gl|axukau|a-xukau|{{sc|sg.in}}-fast}}
{{gl|musigi.|mu-sigi|{{sc|sg.an}}-run}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, his chest is thick, his belly is thin and he runs fast.}}
}}

=== [[Hkətl’ohnim]] ===
(western side of the Tidika mountains, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Kōnim|Ø-kōnim-Ø|3SG-chieftain-DIR|he-is-a-king}}
{{gl|qa-t’ī|qa{{--}}Ø-t’ī-a|of{{--}}3SG-forest-GEN|of{{--}}it-is-a-forest}}
{{gl|wahə,|Ø-wahə-Ø|3SG-lion-DIR|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion is king of the forest,}}

{{gl|ši|ši|and|and}}
{{gl|nerikēmu|nəm-rika-ːmōrʷ|3PL>3SG.NP-be_subordinate-obviously|they-are-obviously-subordinate-to-him}}
{{gl|nəlīku|nə-līku-Ø|3PL-predatory_animal-DIR|they-are-beasts}}
{{gl|nemā,|nə-ːma|3PL.NP-all|they-are-all-of-them}}
{{glend|and all the beasts are clearly subordinate to him,}}

{{gl|so|so|because|because}}
{{gl|ā|ā-Ø|3SG:NH-DIR|this_one}}
{{gl|hruskuq,|h-rusku-aq|3SG.NP-strong-EMPH|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|həšamáłaq,|h-<šān>-hwał-aq|3SG.NP-<chest>-thick-EMPH|he-is-very-thick-of-chest}}
{{gl|hčihpēħaq,|h-<čīhʷ>-pēħa-aq|3SG.NP-<waist>-slim-EMPH|he-is-very-slim-of-waist}}
{{gl|həskaħosqoqʷ.|h-<skaħo>-sqoʷ-aq|3SG.NP-<foot>-agile-EMPH|he-is-agile-of-foot}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, thick of chest, slim of waist, and agile of foot.}}
}}

=== [[Omari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Mufuomušųǫba|mu-<fųǫ‘>-mušuo-~°bê|3SG.A-<large_animal>-be_higher_in_rank-EXH|he-is-higher-in-rank-than-all-large-animals}}
{{gl|paha|Ø-paha|3SG.A-lion|he-is-a-lion}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|to|to|because|because}}
{{gl|ferebak,|fê-‘reba-akˤ.|REL-strong-ENER,|he-is-very-strong}}
{{gl|fešęįvųdek,|fê-<šeni>-°fųde-akˤ.|REL-<body>-large-ENER,|he-is-very-large-of-body}}
{{gl|fediskapeakak,|fê-<tiska>-peaka-akˤ.|REL-<waist>-narrow-ENER,|he-is-very-narrow-of-waist}}
{{gl|feškeakoskók.|fê-<škeako>-sko-akˤ.|REL-<leg>-quick-ENER|he-is-very-quick-of-leg}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, and quick of leg.}}
}}

=== [[Tari]] ===
(Wohata plain, 0 YP)

{{+|
{{gl|Pããcu|pããcu|{{sc|3sg»3pl}}}}
{{gl|pvahutic|pvahu-tic|lion-{{sc|def.erg}}}}
{{gl|un|un|be.all}}
{{gl|õvõuyuti|õ-võuyu-ti|{{sc|pl}}-beast-{{sc|def}}}}
{{gl|cõusu,|coun-su|rule-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|The lion rules all the beasts}}

{{gl|tso|tso|because}}
{{gl|pcu|pcu|{{sc|3sg»∅}}}}
{{gl|sinĩ|sinĩ|be.much}}
{{gl|thupssu,|thups-su|be.strong-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|nĩsiu|nĩ-siu|body-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|vããtisu,|vããti-su|be.big-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|tcaasiu|tcaa-siu|waist-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|piosu,|pio-su|be.slim-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{gl|ãssakhusiu|ã-ssakhu-siu|{{sc|pl}}-foot-{{sc|def.ins}}}}
{{gl|skosu.|sko-su|be.quick-{{sc|fin}}}}
{{glend|because he is very strong, large of body, slim of waist, quick of leg.}}
}}

== See also ==

* [[T1 languages]]
* [[Tsinakan text]]
* [[The chief and the mouse]]

[[Category:Languages|*Young lion]]
[[Category:T1 languages|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Corpus|*{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Sample texts]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T20:22:19Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|kap-nex̣ęgótis|kap-n-ex̣ęgót-is|be_four-PLU.countries.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|and ruler of the four nations}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|fa|o-payát-e|because}}
{{gl|fópa|fópa-a|be_strong.SUPR}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|because he was the strongest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|hasása|hása-a|be_thick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ožetis|o-žet-is|SIN.chest.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|his chest was the thickest,}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|kása|ka-sa|be_thin.SUPR}}
{{gl|wac̣étis|w-ac̣ét-is|SIN.waist.ACC.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-peang-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{glend|his waist, the thinnest}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|še|še|and}}
{{gl|ášša|ášša-a|be_quick.SUPR}}
{{gl|ñoheyé|ño-feng-yé|3a.HAB.to_run.IND.PST}}
{{gl|ągíwa|ągíwa|with}}
{{gl|ǫdatę|ǫdat-ę|3rd.OBL.SIN.DEF}}
{{gl|nassakútis|n-assakút-is|PLU.legs.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|and he ran the fastest with his legs.}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:44:30Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-pea-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN.great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU.fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:43:33Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN-lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-pea-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN-great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{gl|ba-nopátis|ba-n-opat-is|be_all-PLU-fierce_animal.ACC.DEF}}
{{glend|The lion was emperor of all the beasts}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:39:51Z

Caleone: /* The Young Lion */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte ñobeayé opošakrehémę ba-nopátis še opošakrehémę kap-nex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę ñobeayé še ǫdatę hasása ožetis ñobeayé, še ǫdatę kása wac̣étis ñobeayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN-lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-pea-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN-great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{glend|}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:39:07Z

Caleone: /* Gloss */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte peayé pošakrehémę ba-nopátis še pošakrehémę kap-ex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę peayé še ǫdatę hasása žetis peayé, še ǫdatę kása ac̣étis peayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN.lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{+|
{{gl|Opayáte|o-payát-e|SIN-lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{gl|ñobeayé|ño-pea-yé|3a.HAB.to_be.IND.PST}}
{{gl|opošakrehémę|o-pošakrehem-ę|SIN-great_king.OBL.DEF}}
{{glend|}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:20:03Z

Caleone: /* Person & Aspect */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣičo-
|-
! 3a
| ño+
| ño-
| mo-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| ečo-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte peayé pošakrehémę ba-nopátis še pošakrehémę kap-ex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę peayé še ǫdatę hasása žetis peayé, še ǫdatę kása ac̣étis peayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|O-payáte|SIN-lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:15:25Z

Caleone: /* Sample Text */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte peayé pošakrehémę ba-nopátis še pošakrehémę kap-ex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę peayé še ǫdatę hasása žetis peayé, še ǫdatę kása ac̣étis peayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===
{{+|
{{gl|Áffa|áffa-Ø|be_young}}
{{gl|Opayáte|O-payáte|SIN-lion.NOM.DEF}}
{{glend|The Young Lion}}
}}

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T19:10:40Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

=Sample Text=
==The Young Lion==
'''''Áffa Opayáte'''''

''Opayáte peayé pošakrehémę ba-nopátis še pošakrehémę kap-ex̣ęgótis fa fópa ǫdatę peayé še ǫdatę hasása žetis peayé, še ǫdatę kása ac̣étis peayé, še ášša feyé ągíwa ǫdatę nassakútis.''

===Gloss===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T18:41:55Z

Caleone: /* Consonants */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tsr x̣/dzr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T18:35:17Z

Caleone: /* Adjectives */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tr x̣/dr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Asséta''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T18:34:29Z

Caleone: /* Verbal Morphology */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tr x̣/dr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

==Adjectives==
Adjectives in '''Thaxarevemni''' are a class of words in the language that modify the preceding lexeme in a clause. These words behave like verbs in the sense that they take verbal prefixes for aspect and person but have their own set of conjugational suffixes for comparative and superlative forms as well as a relativizer prefix when modifying nouns. In a sense adjectives are used as both adjectives and adverbs and could more properly be called descriptives. Adjectives is used here for ease of use.

===Person & Aspect===
Adjectives when modifying verbs must take a person/aspect prefix, these are the same as used on the verbs themselves and are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

===Comparatives & Superlatives===
Comparatives and superlatives take a suffix to modify the adjective which are as follows:

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | comparative
! width="25%" | superlative
|-
!
| -nį
| -a
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-09-23T17:31:51Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Assete, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššeme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššeme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed <ê ô> alternatively <eh oh>
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = <ę ę̂> alternatively <enn ehnn>

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed <ñ/ny ṇ/nr ng>
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed <ṭ/tr ḍ/dr>
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed <c/ts x/dz č/ty j/dy c̣/tr x̣/dr>
* /ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ/ are transcribed <š/sh ž/zh ṣ/sr ẓ/zr>
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed <r ł/lr y>
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyetê || šitê
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyetô || šitô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takô || akô
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehê || šihê
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Verbal Morphology=

==Person & Aspect==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | habitual
! width="25%" | imperfective
! width="25%" | perfective
|-
! 1
| ñe+
| ñi-
| nu-
|-
! 2
| re+
| ẓi-
| ṣiču-
|-
! 3a
| ñ+
| ñ-
| mu-
|-
! 3i
| ea+
| ea-
| eču-
|-
|}

==Modality & Tense==

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | present
! width="25%" | past
! width="25%" | future
|-
! indicative
| -nɡ
| -yé
| -máfa
|-
! imperative
| -ta
| -yé
| -káfa
|-
! subjunctive
| -twíta
| -twi
| -twekáfa
|-
! optative
| -lúta
| -lu
| -lokáfa
|-
! negative
| -réata
| -rejé
| -ẓakáfa
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
'''Asséta''' numerals pattern as other adjectives. Like its relatives it uses a base-10 counting system.

{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nô
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nonê
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesanȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nena
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| anê
! 30.
| ena
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapanê
! 40.
| kana
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| renê
! 50.
| rena
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takanê
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwanê
! 70.
| mura
|-
! 8.
| hê
! 18.
| henê
! 80.
| hena
|-
! 9.
| oya
! 19.
| lanê
! 90.
| ora
|-
! 10.
| neta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| anetena
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| noma
|}

Numbers 21-99 are formed by the pattern <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> as follows:

'''21'''
{{+|
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nô| one}}
{{glend|nena še nô}}
}}

'''66'''
{{+|
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|tak| six}}
{{glend|tąga še tak}}
}}

'''89'''
{{+|
{{gl|hena|eighty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|oya| nine}}
{{glend|hena še oya}}
}}

For numbers above one hundred the pattern <hundreds> + <tens> + '''še''' + <ones> is used. Similarly for the thousands, with <thousands> being placed before the <hundreds> place.

'''267'''
{{+|
{{gl|nesanetena|two hundred}}
{{gl|tąga|sixty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|muw| seven}}
{{glend|nesanetena tąga še muw}}
}}

'''1422'''
{{+|
{{gl|noma|one thousand}}
{{gl|kapanetena|four hundred}}
{{gl|nena|twenty}}
{{gl|še| and}}
{{gl|nes| two}}
{{glend|noma kapanetena nena še nes}}
}}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2020-03-29T21:20:26Z

Caleone: /* Consonants */

Asséta

2020-03-29T21:17:26Z

Caleone: /* Vowels */

Asséta

2020-03-29T21:14:13Z

Caleone: /* Numerals */

Asséta

2020-03-29T21:12:56Z

Caleone: /* Demonstratives */

Asséta

2020-03-29T21:11:44Z

Caleone: /* Demonstratives */

Asséta

2019-08-05T14:15:42Z

Caleone: /* Consonants */

Asséta

2019-06-15T17:39:51Z

Caleone: /* Numerals */

Asséta

2019-06-15T16:22:30Z

Caleone:

Asséta

2019-06-04T12:45:02Z

Caleone: /* Interrogatives */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Asséte, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššéme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššéme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed ê ô
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = ę ę̂

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ṇ ng
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed ṭ ḍ
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed c x č j c̣ x̣
* /ɕ ʑ s ʐ/ are transcribed š ž ṣ ẓ
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed r ł y
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyete || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyeto || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takȏ || akȏ
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehȇ || šihȇ
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''yȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nȏ
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nónȇ
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesánȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| néna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ánȇ
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapánȇ
! 40.
| kána
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| rénȇ
! 50.
| réna
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takánȇ
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwánȇ
! 70.
| múra
|-
! 8.
| hȇ
! 18.
| hénȇ
! 80.
| héna
|-
! 9.
| oyá
! 19.
| lánȇ
! 90.
| óra
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2019-06-04T12:44:45Z

Caleone: /* Interrogatives */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Asséte, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššéme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššéme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed ê ô
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = ę ę̂

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ṇ ng
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed ṭ ḍ
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed c x č j c̣ x̣
* /ɕ ʑ s ʐ/ are transcribed š ž ṣ ẓ
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed r ł y
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyete || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyeto || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takȏ || akȏ
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehȇ || šihȇ
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''jȇ''' = at what place (where)

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nȏ
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nónȇ
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesánȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| néna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ánȇ
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapánȇ
! 40.
| kána
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| rénȇ
! 50.
| réna
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takánȇ
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwánȇ
! 70.
| múra
|-
! 8.
| hȇ
! 18.
| hénȇ
! 80.
| héna
|-
! 9.
| oyá
! 19.
| lánȇ
! 90.
| óra
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2019-06-04T12:44:27Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Asséte, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššéme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššéme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed ê ô
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = ę ę̂

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ṇ ng
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed ṭ ḍ
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed c x č j c̣ x̣
* /ɕ ʑ s ʐ/ are transcribed š ž ṣ ẓ
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed r ł y
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

==Pronouns==

===Personal Pronouns===

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''1st person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
|-
! Nominative
| tǫdate
| ędate
|-
! Accusative
| tǫdatis
| ędatis
|-
! Oblique
| tǫdatę
| ędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''2nd Person'''
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| lędate
| žędate
|-
! Accusative
| lędatis
| žędatis
|-
! Oblique
| lędatę
| žędatę
|-
|}

{| {{softtable|c fl}} style="min-width:37em; margin:0 1em 1em 0;"
|-
| || colspan="12"| '''3rd Person'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"| Singular
! rowspan="99"|
! colspan="2"| Plural
|- class="bg2 context"
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
| width="14%"| Definite
| width="14%"| Indefinite
|-
! Nominative
| ǫdate || nuhȇ
| nųdate || nunuhȇ
|-
! Accusative
| ǫdatis || nuhes
| nųdatis || nunuhes
|-
! Oblique
| ǫdatę || nuhą
| nųdatę || nunuhą
|-
|}
<div class="visualClear"></div>

===Demonstratives===

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! colspan="2"| !!   singular   !!   plural  
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Proximal
| class="bg2 r context"| Familiar
| teyete || šite
|-
| class="bg2 r context"| Unfamiliar
| teyeto || šito
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! class="c"| Medial
| class="bg2"|
| takȏ || akȏ
|-
| class="divider" colspan="5"|
|-
! rowspan="2" class="c"| Distal
| class="bg2"|
| teyehȇ || šihȇ
|-
|}

===Interrogatives===
'''šetį''' = what person (who (animate))

'''šefo''' = what thing (who (inanimate))

'''šetyą''' = at what time (when)

'''šiši''' = for what reason, by what method (why/how)

'''jȇ'' = at what place (where)

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nȏ
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nónȇ
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesánȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| néna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ánȇ
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapánȇ
! 40.
| kána
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| rénȇ
! 50.
| réna
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takánȇ
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwánȇ
! 70.
| múra
|-
! 8.
| hȇ
! 18.
| hénȇ
! 80.
| héna
|-
! 9.
| oyá
! 19.
| lánȇ
! 90.
| óra
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Black River Aséta

2019-01-11T14:37:17Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Enáte le Šéte, Šéte le Šitiméye
| phonetic = {{IPA|[e.ˈna.te le ˈɕe.te], [ˈɕe.te ˈle ɕi.ti.ˈme.je]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Along the Viradašeye River
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = SVO
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Black River Aséta''', referred to as Šete le Šitiméye or Enáte le Šete (language of the Sitimeyans or Our Language respectively), is a language spoken around 0 YP along the Viradašeye River by the [[Šitimeye|Sitimeyan peoples]] (a subgroup of the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]]) and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including its closest relative [[Asséta]], as well as [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
Unlike in [[Asséta]], the speakers of this language only distinguish five vowels, with a length distinction rather than one of nasalization.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i
| u
|-
! mid
| e
| o
|-
! low
| a
|
|-
|}

*long vowels are written with a macron.

==Consonants==
'''Aséta''' contains a reduced consonant inventory in comparison to its sibling, lacking geminate consonants & the retroflex series but retaining the voicing distinction.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l ɾ
|
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ng
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are transcribed c x č j
* /ɕ ʑ/ are transcribed š ž
* /ɾ j/ are transcribed r y

==Suprasegmentals==
Like its close relative '''Aséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels. Unlike [[Asséta]], however, stress is variable whereas on the former stress is confined to the penultimate syllable. As such stress is marked by an acute accent (e.g. ''á''), except when that vowel is long.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Aséta''' is (C)(w, j, r)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable, however, tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| ne
! 12.
| nesána
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nédna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ána
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| ka
! 14.
| kapána
! 40.
| kábna
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| réna
! 50.
| reréna
|-
! 6.
| ta
! 16.
| takána
! 60.
| tákna
|-
! 7.
| muv
! 17.
| muvána
! 70.
| múrna
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| héna
! 80.
| hehéna
|-
! 9.
| oyó
! 19.
| lána
! 90.
| órna
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

Black River Aséta

2018-12-18T03:29:12Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Enáte le Šéte, Šéte le Šitiméye
| phonetic = {{IPA|[e.ˈna.te le ˈɕe.te], [ˈɕe.te ˈle ɕi.ti.ˈme.je]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Along the Viradašeye River
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = SVO
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Black River Aséta''', referred to as Šete le Šitiméye or Enáte le Šete (language of the Sitimeyans or Our Language respectively), is a language spoken around 0 YP along the Viradašeye River by the [[Šitimeye|Sitimeyan peoples]] (a subgroup of the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]]) and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including its closest relative [[Asséta]], as well as [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
Unlike in [[Asséta]], the speakers of this language only distinguish five vowels, with a length distinction rather than one of nasalization.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i
| u
|-
! mid
| e
| o
|-
! low
| a
|
|-
|}

*long vowels are written with a macron.

==Consonants==
'''Aséta''' contains a reduced consonant inventory in comparison to its sibling, lacking geminate consonants & the retroflex series but retaining the voicing distinction.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
|
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l ɾ
|
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ng
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are transcribed c x č j
* /ɕ ʑ/ are transcribed š ž
* /ɾ j/ are transcribed r y

==Suprasegmentals==
Like its close relative '''Aséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels. Unlike [[Asséta]], however, stress is variable whereas on the former stress is confined to the penultimate syllable. As such stress is marked by an acute accent (e.g. ''á''), except when that vowel is long.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Aséta''' is (C)(w, j, r)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable, however, tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| ne
! 12.
| nesána
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nédna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ána
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| ka
! 14.
| kapána
! 40.
| kábna
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| réna
! 50.
| reréna
|-
! 6.
| ta
! 16.
| takána
! 60.
| tákna
|-
! 7.
| muv
! 17.
| muvána
! 70.
| múrna
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| héna
! 80.
| hehéna
|-
! 9.
| oyó
! 19.
| lána
! 90.
| órna
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

Black River Aséta

2018-12-18T03:26:34Z

Caleone: /* Syllable Structure */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Enáte le Šéte, Šéte le Šitiméye
| phonetic = {{IPA|[e.ˈna.te le ˈɕe.te], [ˈɕe.te ˈle ɕi.ti.ˈme.je]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Along the Viradašeye River
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = SVO
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Black River Aséta''', referred to as Šete le Šitiméye or Enáte le Šete (language of the Sitimeyans or Our Language respectively), is a language spoken around 0 YP along the Viradašeye River by the [[Šitimeye peoples|Sitimeyan]] peoples (a subgroup of the [[Fareveme peoples]]) and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including its closest relative [[Asséta]], as well as [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
Unlike in [[Asséta]], the speakers of this language only distinguish five vowels, with a length distinction rather than one of nasalization.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i
| u
|-
! mid
| e
| o
|-
! low
| a
|
|-
|}

*long vowels are written with a macron.

==Consonants==
'''Aséta''' contains a reduced consonant inventory in comparison to its sibling, lacking geminate consonants & the retroflex series but retaining the voicing distinction.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
|
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l ɾ
|
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ng
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are transcribed c x č j
* /ɕ ʑ/ are transcribed š ž
* /ɾ j/ are transcribed r y

==Suprasegmentals==
Like its close relative '''Aséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels. Unlike [[Asséta]], however, stress is variable whereas on the former stress is confined to the penultimate syllable. As such stress is marked by an acute accent (e.g. ''á''), except when that vowel is long.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Aséta''' is (C)(w, j, r)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable, however, tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| na
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nona
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| ne
! 12.
| nesána
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| nédna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ána
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| ka
! 14.
| kapána
! 40.
| kábna
|-
! 5.
| ra
! 15.
| réna
! 50.
| reréna
|-
! 6.
| ta
! 16.
| takána
! 60.
| tákna
|-
! 7.
| muv
! 17.
| muvána
! 70.
| múrna
|-
! 8.
| ha
! 18.
| héna
! 80.
| hehéna
|-
! 9.
| oyó
! 19.
| lána
! 90.
| órna
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

Asséta

2018-12-18T03:24:08Z

Caleone:

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Asséte, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššéme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''', also known as '''Great River Asséta''', is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššéme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed ê ô
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = ę ę̂

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ṇ ng
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed ṭ ḍ
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed c x č j c̣ x̣
* /ɕ ʑ s ʐ/ are transcribed š ž ṣ ẓ
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed r ł y
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nȏ
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nónȇ
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesánȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| néna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ánȇ
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapánȇ
! 40.
| kána
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| rénȇ
! 50.
| réna
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takánȇ
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwánȇ
! 70.
| múra
|-
! 8.
| hȇ
! 18.
| hénȇ
! 80.
| héna
|-
! 9.
| oyá
! 19.
| lánȇ
! 90.
| óra
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

{{Stub}}

[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]

Asséta

2018-01-14T23:10:47Z

Caleone: /* Noun Phrases */

{{TBC|Caleone}}

{{Language
| language = Asséte, Ędatę let Šete
| phonetic = {{IPA|[a.ˈsːe.te], [ẽ.ˈda.tẽ ˈlet ˈɕe.te]}}
| date = c. 0 YP
| place = Northwestern Tuysáfa,<br /> Coastal Northeastern Bay, the Heneššéme Basin
| speakers = unknown
| script = unknown
| family = [[T1 languages]]<br />   '''[[Northeastern Bay]]'''
| mor-type = Largely Fusional with some Synthetic Elements
| author = [[User:Caleone|Caleone]]
| word-or = V2
| morphalign = NOM-ACC
}}
{{Article}}

'''Asséta''' is a language spoken around 0 YP in the [[Heneššéme Basin]] region by the [[Fareveme|Fareveme peoples]], the main descendants of the Northeastern Bay peoples who evolved along the coastlines of the Northeastern Bay and a descendant of the [[Northeastern_Bay_Language|Northeastern Bay Language]]. As such this language is related to the other [[T1 languages|T1 languages]] including [[Black River Aséta|Black River Aséta]], [[West Yalan]], [[East Yalan]], [[Omari]], [[Teyetáti]], [[Hkətl’ohnim]], and [[Tumetıęk]].

=Phonology=
==Vowels==
{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! width="25%" | front
! width="25%" | back
|-
! high
| i ĩ
| u ũ
|-
! mid
| e ẽ
| o õ
|-
! mid-low
| ɛ ɛ̃
| ɔ ɔ̃
|-
! low
| a ã
|
|-
|}

*/ɛ ɔ/ are transcribed ê ô
*Nasal vowels are written with an ogonek, e.g. /ẽ ɛ̃/ = ę ę̂

==Consonants==
'''Asséta''' contains a fairly large consonant inventory with distinctions between geminate, voiceless and voiced consonants, where all nasals, plosives and fricatives can be geminated.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="9%" | labial
! width="9%" | alveolar
! width="9%" | palatal
! width="9%" | retroflex
! width="9%" | velar
! width="9%" | glottal
|-
! nasal
| m
| n
| ɲ
| ɳ
| ŋ
|
|-
! plosive
| p b
| t d
|
| ʈ ɖ
| k ɡ
|
|-
! fricative
| f v
| s z
| ɕ ʑ
| ʂ ʐ
|
| h
|-
! affricate
|
| ts dz
| tɕ dʑ
| ʈʂ ɖʐ
|
|
|-
! liquid
|
| l
|
| ɻ ɭ
|
|
|-
! glide
| w
|
| j
|
|
|
|-
|}

* /ɲ ɳ ŋ/ are transcribed ñ ṇ ng
* /ʈ ɖ/ are transcribed ṭ ḍ
* /ts dz tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ/ are transcribed c x č j c̣ x̣
* /ɕ ʑ s ʐ/ are transcribed š ž ṣ ẓ
* /ɻ ɭ j/ are transcribed r ł y
* geminate consonants are written doubled, e.g. /tː/ = tt

==Suprasegmentals==
'''Asséta''' is a stress-timed language, with higher weight given to stressed syllables. That is, there is a noticeable length and quality difference in stressed syllables, being spoken at a higher pitch than the unstressed vowels.

==Phonotactics==

===Syllable Structure===
The maximal syllable structure in '''Asséta''' is (C)(w, j, ɻ)V(C) where C = any consonant and V = any vowel. The typical syllable however tends toward V & CV structures.

===Allowed Clusters===

=Nominal Morphology=
Nominals fall into three categories that are morphologically distinct: ''pronouns'', ''true nouns'', and ''adjectives''.

==True Nouns==
True nouns are divided into three categories: ''animate'', ''inanimate'', and ''collective''. Outside of ''collective nouns'' true nouns decline for plurality and all nouns decline for ''case'' and ''definiteness''.

===Plurality===
'''Asseta''' marks plurality with a prefix with separate forms for whether the proceeding sound is a consonant or a vowel. There are some exceptions to this, generally nouns with intial /w j/ will take the _V form in the plural (e.g. wáye ''son'' is nwáye ''sons; children'', not nuwáye as would be expected).

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! _V
| w-
| n-
|-
! _C
| o-
| nu-
|-
|}

===Case and Definiteness===
'''Asseta''' nouns decline for case and definiteness with a total of three cases and two states of definiteness.

{| {{softtable|c}}
|-
!
! Indefinite
! Definite
|-
! Nominative
| -ê
| -e
| Marks the subject of a clause.
|-
! Accusative
| -es
| -is
| Marks the direct object of a transitive clause.
|-
! Oblique
| -ą
| -ę
| Marks secondary objects as well as the possessor in possessive clauses.
|-
|}

=Syntax=

==Noun Phrases==

===Numerals===
{| {{softtable|c}}
! width=13%| 1.
| width=20%| nȏ
! width=13%| 11.
| width=20%| nónȇ
|colspan=2|
|-
! 2.
| nes
! 12.
| nesánȇ
! width=13%| 20.
| width=20%| néna
|-
! 3.
| a
! 13.
| ánȇ
! 30.
| éna
|-
! 4.
| kap
! 14.
| kapánȇ
! 40.
| kána
|-
! 5.
| rȇ
! 15.
| rénȇ
! 50.
| réna
|-
! 6.
| tak
! 16.
| takánȇ
! 60.
| tąga
|-
! 7.
| muw
! 17.
| muwánȇ
! 70.
| múra
|-
! 8.
| hȇ
! 18.
| hénȇ
! 80.
| héna
|-
! 9.
| oyá
! 19.
| lánȇ
! 90.
| óra
|-
! 10.
| néta
|colspan=2|
! 100.
| aneténa
|-
|colspan=4|
! 1000.
| nóma
|}

==Basic Clauses==

==Relative Clauses==

==Comparatives & Superlatives==

==Interrogatives==

===Yes-No Questions===

===Content Questions===

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[[Category:T1 languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tuysáfa]]