English | Ndak Ta | notes and additional meanings |
|
air | âka | |
animal | engka | (includes insects but excludes aquatic life, which is all referred to as "fish", mpaiswa) |
arm | itwam | |
ashes | ainda | mass. remains, corpses |
astronomy | bwai iskaimel | mass. |
back | bongga | |
bark | mbâro | mass. |
barley | kil | mass. |
belly | mbusmu | any soft part of an animal |
bird | lai | |
birthright | bwenggautsu | inheritance |
blood | ntse | mass. |
bone | langkwo | |
breast | mpepm | |
brother | merkàt | |
burn | gempa | insult |
child | dempi | any immature animal |
city | mos | any settlement larger than a village |
cloud | sim | |
coast | sau | |
country | lats | nation, land, region |
cow | mâisâ | |
day | airti | mass. refers only to daytime. To measure a number of days, use "nights", iswau |
craftsman | arbwa | |
dog | tsis | |
dust | tsondo | mass. |
ear | okwa | |
earth/soil | baulai | mass. |
east | nasa | mass. |
edge | kak | border |
egg | ngkai | |
eye | oldau | any vulnerable spot |
fat | dimbau | mass. |
father | mebwe | |
feast | bwaikti | |
feather | robm | |
finger | dengi | |
fingernail | kwi | |
fire | ali | mass. heat, warmth |
fish | mpaiswa | all aquatic life |
flea | titi | |
flower | ailàu | |
fly | ammi | |
fog | arwa | |
foot | nggol | foundation, basis |
forest | ntâug | mass. |
fruit | apwi | |
grass | empi | mass. |
goat | kwir | borrowed from Faraghin |
god | naka | |
goddess | dasi | |
guts | guro | mass. |
hair | aini | mass. |
hand | ton | |
head | imu | apex, point |
heart | maunde | |
heathen | mpurnim | infidel, philistine |
herb | wedn | any useful plant, including vegetables |
herblore | wedn iskaimel | mass. |
horn | topai | |
horse | nalaròr | borrowed from Gezoro |
human being | maldo | |
husband | aisab | |
ice | mulâ | |
island | pon | |
knee | tsong | |
king | diàka | any sort of ruler of either gender |
knife | gan | |
lake | tau | |
leaf | nenga | |
left | saisung | |
leg | baitrai | |
liver | ingkwi | |
loot | napnge | mass. |
louse | tsêtsi | |
man | rud | |
meat | sa | mass. |
mercy | ndimu | mass. |
metal | ntindo | |
metallurgy | isesìgen | mass. borrowed from Gezoro |
month/moon | imbi | |
moon | tsar | |
mother | omo | |
Mother Goddess | Ombàsi | |
mountain | daing | hill, incline, anything large with a notable slope |
mouse | susi | |
mouth | mabm | |
mud | wisma | mass. |
music | mbop | mass. |
name | imai | symbol, sign |
neck | ngane | anything narrow connecting two larger things |
neighbor | wimès | |
night | iswau | |
noble | idâu | |
north | ibli | mass. |
nose | pungwa | |
ox | baus | |
peasant | aimbu | farmer, beggar |
poetry | lewaitsâi | |
plain | raung | |
plant | ponî | any form of vegetation |
priest | runnak | (compound of rud (man) + naka (god)) |
rabbit | gaido | |
rain | mpêlo | mass. |
right | odam | |
river | aunti | |
road | gau | path, trail, street |
root | bâpu | anchor |
rope | ulwo | vine, string, twine |
salt | odai | mass. |
sand | pailbe | |
sculpture | âukwai | |
sea | indùng | |
seed | mbontai | source, origin |
semiarid land | gauron | |
sheep | gaibra | |
shield | pap | |
sister | omau | |
skin | ngwau | |
sky | rande | |
slave | ngaktìs | captive, prisoner |
smoke | pumâ | mass. steam |
snake | aimwa | |
snow | aise | |
soothsaying | naka iskaimel | mass. |
south | tam | mass. |
spear | tselô | |
star | bwai | |
stick | batsn | branch, twig |
stone | tingkàu | |
strength | bambor | mass. |
sun | tol | light or any source of it |
swamp | abâi | |
tail | ntêwâ | penis |
teacher | kenla | scribe; anyone that's literate |
throne | ospàk | by extension, any status symbol |
toe | ngemba | any bits at the bottom of something |
tongue | komwa | |
tooth | tsilâu | fang |
tree | ndai | by extension, anything tall (including people) |
water | saungwe | mass. |
war | angài | battles |
west | emwel | mass. |
wheat | borma | mass. |
wife | netrai | |
wind | altò | mass. |
wing | taindi | shield, shelter |
woman | asa | |
wood | gatn | mass. |
word | lewai | |
worm | mombwai | |
year | laid | |
English | Ndak Ta | notes and additional meanings |
|
ask | kenau | |
attack | pasto | pick or provoke a fight |
bite | kwain | chew |
blame | wuku | |
blow | untsi | |
break | gonggai | |
breathe | ndenam | erg. intr. metaphorically, to live |
celebrate | miasko | intr. party, have a good time |
come | oto | intr. any motion toward 'here' |
commit crime | abâ | intr. |
control | tsobi | |
corrupt | sikîda | influence (someone) to behave badly |
count | mondu | measure |
cry | mpaim | intr. |
cut | narno | specifically means "to use a knife upon" |
deceive | ngguko | |
defeat | sompìs | conquer, pwn |
destroy | ebri | delete, render nonexistent or nonrepairable |
die | nots | erg. intr. |
dig | wats | |
drink | sab | erg. swallow |
eat | tu | erg. |
fail | bambi | |
fall | endu | intr. erg. |
farm | ain | |
fear | paingkwu | erg. |
feel | ispe | intr. erg. physically experience |
feel | enànda | intr. erg. have emotion |
fight | das | |
float | ntetsn | intr. |
flood | imlana | intr. |
flow | lail | intr. any continuous motion |
fly | alnia | |
forget | oslòk | |
freeze | aipi | erg. |
fuck up | penta | (highly insulting when said of someone else) |
give | tsampi | |
grow | mus | erg. |
go | non | intr. any motion toward somewhere other than 'here' |
have | bâre | possess |
hear | ranto | |
hit | wapa | |
hold | mbunwe | |
honor | bwenggor | respect |
hurry | randèl | erg. |
hunt | desmog | |
insult | tsurtor | burn |
joke | untai | intr. |
journey | mê | intr. |
keep | aitn | |
kill | engku | |
know | matn | understand |
laugh | ngango | intr. (laugh loudly) |
laugh | limu | intr. (laugh quietly) |
lie | bal | erg. intr. |
lift | sâpabm | erg. |
like | tsin | |
live | wim | |
love | raula | |
make | alpau | create |
name | papau | |
need | âidai | |
play | rowa | to play a musical instrument |
play | unma | intr. any non-serious action |
promise | aitsu | |
protest (against) | mâuk | complain (about) |
punish | bespi | |
pull | tengo | |
push | mbwawe | |
read | mêli | |
remember | wompo | |
repair | kumâi | |
rest | erbo | intr. |
rise | ula | intr. |
rub | bimbo | |
run | orte | |
sacrifice | ausa | |
say | mbi | |
scratch | egran | |
see | ina | erg. |
send | pilai | |
sew | isma | |
shine | eptàg | |
sing | mbîbwe | |
sit | mpe | intr. |
sleep | ngata | erg. |
smell | dumbo | erg. |
spit | aumu | |
split | alen | erg. |
squeeze | orngi | |
stab | bontu | |
stand | ande | intr. |
steal | aulmo | |
stop | nta | |
study | kaime | |
suck | malwe | |
swell | nambepm | intr. |
swim | embur | |
take | esul | |
taste | ulwa | |
think | ngwâi | believe, have faith in |
throw | kek | |
tie | kîbai | |
touch | nde | |
turn | em | |
use | imbwa | erg. |
visit | lolmau | |
vomit | ngkwaimpaugng | |
walk | keng | intr. |
wash | tsaing | erg. |
wipe | ngende | scrape |
worship | banai | erg. |
write | lewalpau | |
Type 1: General conjunctions which can be used between most types of phrases and clauses.
Type 2: Object-gapping conjunctions, for use only between coordinate clauses. These are explained in the grammar.
Type 1 | Type 2 | English | Notes |
on | ongwâ | and | ("I like him, *and* he seems trustworthy") |
dal | daldâ | but | ("I dislike him, *but* he seems trustworthy") |
mi | mit | or | ("You can buy it with cash *or* charge it to your credit card") |
gunto | gundâ | so, thus | ("He seems trustworthy, *so* I agreed to lend him the money") |
nin | nindâ | therefore | (takes the place of English if/then. Where English says "if X then Y", Ndak Ta says "X nin Y") |
boda | bodat | "exclusive or" | (takes the place of English either/or. Where English says "either X or Y", Ndak Ta says "X boda Y") |
lik | ligâ | nor | (takes the place of English neither/nor. Where English says "neither X nor Y", Ndak Ta says "X lik Y") |
These come before all common nouns.
Relational Prepositions |
âk | genitive (possessor, source), agentive (in passive constructions, like Eng. "by"), initiative ("since") |
wau | benefactive (purpose), "for", "concerning", "with respect to" |
nte | (manner, as in "he sent it *with love*") |
um | compositive (like 'a pile *of* bricks') |
ngu | appositive, essive ("as") |
kwen | comitative ("with") |
al | abessive ("without"), "besides", "except for" |
puk | "per", "for each" |
Locative Prepositions |
sa | elative ("from out of") |
nai | inessive ("in") |
anda | illative ("into") |
uwa | ablative ("from", "from near", "after") |
ob | adessive ("at", "near to") |
isla | allative ("to", "towards", "before"/"by" for time) |
nggairit | terminative ("as far as", "as much as", "until") |
rambe | prolative, prosecutive ("along", "via", "during") |
mbembu | "between", "among" |
lita | "throughout" |
ntatsn | "surrounding", "all around" |
This is an unforgivably terse description, but the system is fairly simple and hopefully can be worked out from this alone.